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, 2016
 UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE
FACULTY OF PHILOLOGY

Sanja D. Miketi

ATTITUDES TOWARDS LANGUAGE

AMONG STUDENTS
IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

(University of Belgrade and University of Pristina temporarily

settled in Kosovska Mitrovica as the case study)

Doctoral Dissertation

Belgrade, 2016
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 ATTITUDES TOWARDS LANGUAGE AMONG STUDENTS
IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

(University of Belgrade and University of Pristina temporarily settled

in Kosovska Mitrovica as a case study)

SUMMARY

For the requirements of this research, we see both language attitudes and
language ideologies as psychological, social, and cognitive constructs; we consider
language ideologies as a broader construct compared to language attitudes, and we may
say that they are social attitudes. We define language attitudes both as: (1) subjective
evaluations of a speaker of a particular language towards his own language as a concept,
towards his standard language, his native dialect and different local vernaculars and
linguistic variations that exist in the language, but which differ to varying degrees from
what is prescribed as the standard language; (2) when language attitudes are considered
this way, they lead to the evaluation of the speaker based on an evaluation of his speech,
according to certain parameters mostly on the level of prestige, intelligence,
education, social status (in the meaning of the profession of the speaker and in the sense
of financial prosperity) and, ultimately, on the level of solidarity if we see that speaker
as a member of our own community of practice, ethnic, cultural or other community, or
not, and if that speaker seems friendly, appealing, kind, witty and trustworthy.

On the other hand, we define language ideologies as mental constructs that exist
in the mind of a number of speakers of the particular language, by which they are
frequently unconsciously led, and which are part of what speakers consider as the
common sense because of educational process, media, and (mostly) unwritten
conventions that exist in the society itself. Guided by theoretical and practical research,
after a pilot study conducted through focus group research which indicated that there is
the need for a further deeper research of this topic, our aim was to examine the general
hypothesis from which we started this research:

We assume that there are deeply grounded attitudes towards some problem
issues related to Serbian language, towards some Serbian dialects and their speakers.
 Results of both qualitative and quantitative research predominantly confirm this
hypothesis to be true. We also wished to check if the attitudes would differ depending
on certain non-linguistic factors. We assumed that different speakers may have different
attitudes depending on their gender, on their age (in the age range typical for students of
bachelor level), on the university they attend, their department (if they are philologists
and students of Serbian language or not), on the place where they live and their native
dialect. Our subjects are speakers of Serbian language, and students who we consider as
the paradigmatic group for the research of language attitudes and language ideologies.

Our method for quantitative research is survey, and as instruments we used two
questionnaires specifically made for the requirements of this research, with a few
questions already used in some studies in the Republic of Serbia (Vlahovi 1989;
2005), as we wanted to see if there is a change of certain attitudes in
different periods of time.

The first questionnaire consisted of 30 attitudes which were evaluated by our

research subjects on the 5-point Likert scale, with given answers varying from I totally
disagree to I totally agree; with this questionnaire, we aimed to explore issues in the
relationship of the standard Serbian language and its dialects in the perception of our
participants. The second questionnaire was also closed-type and it consisted of 15
questions which we considered in some way problematic and interesting for Serbian
language. Beside this quantitative research, conducted with 240 participants (60 of
whom are students of Serbian language at the University of Belgrade (BU) and 60
students of Serbian language at the University of Pristina temporarily settled in
Kosovska Mitrovica (UPKM); 60 of whom are students of natural sciences at BU and
60 at UPKM), we gave the addition by conducting a qualitative focus group research.
Informants for that part were 16 students (all female) from these two universities, whose
major was Serbian language.

Many results we received in this case study are similar to familiar research from
this area. For example, our research indicated that there is the existence of a prevalent
difference in attitudes based on gender of our participants, which may be viewed as
mens and womens language, which has been the focus of interest by a number of
authors (see for example Labov 1969; Holmes 1992; Lakoff 2004). Our female
informants demonstrated a stronger level of inclination for the ideology of standard
language, because (we will mention only few examples) even when explicitly asked,
they considered standard language better and more prestigious compared to dialect; they
are very sensitive to certain non-standard forms, they relate their education to the high
competence in the standard language and they are more prone to code switching than
males. In contrast, the male informants are more prone to feeling proud when they speak
local variety and it is more understandable to them than standard language. Because of
that, we consider this hypothesis to be confirmed there is a significant difference in
students language attitudes towards Serbian language depending on their gender; on the
other hand, that difference turned out to be statistically significant only for a few
questions.

The universities our informants attend turned out to be important for the
existence of certain differences in their attitudes; informants who attend UPKM are
more prone to using dialect than their colleagues who attend BU, but, on the other hand,
they tend to use standard language forms (especially in the context where standard
language is traditionally used), so we may say that such tendency leads to linguistic
homogenization towards the standard language (which is explicitly perceived as highly
prestigious), to the loss of highly marked linguistic features that are typical for the
dialect and to the frequent code-switching. Even though there are no diametrically
opposed attitudes and great and meaningful differences among attitudes of students
from BU and UPKM, we may say that this hypothesis is proved as there are differences
in the level of (dis)agreement to some attitudes. We may say this difference may be
characterized as the existence of the standard language ideology in both groups of our
participants, but we may say that UPKM informants developed overt prestige towards
standard language which is manifested in their behavior by highly developed
consciousness of situational usage of different varieties. That implies their further
language habits. For dialects, they have a very high level of solidarity, and the usage of
dialects is mostly connected to private, intimate, and familiar contexts.

The greatest difference in attitudes of our informants is between two groups: one
that studies Serbian language and other one that studies natural sciences. Here in the
first questionnaire 21 out of 30 questions turned out to be statistically significant, so we
confirmed the hypothesis that language attitudes between these two groups will differ
drastically and that students of Serbian language will we more influenced by the
standard language ideology. For example, students of Serbian language have a
developed consciousness of (dis)agreement with certain attitudes, while students of
natural sciences tend to be more indifferent; students of Serbian language are more
prone to correcting their behavior towards others depending on the variety they use and
their linguistic behavior is situationally dependent more than in the case of students of
natural sciences. Even though students of Serbian language are highly influenced with
standard language ideology manifested by ideologically colored attitudes towards the
qualities of the standard language, there is solidarity towards different non-standard
varieties, though at the emotional level only, and not on a behavioral and cognitive
level.

We assumed that there will be a significant difference between attitudes of our

informants depending on the place where they live, and for this hypothesis we may say
that it is largely proven to be true. Our informants who live in villages are emotionally
very attached to their variety and are not so familiar with the standard language variety
compared to the other two groups who live in the city and suburban areas. Informants
who live in villages are used to forming a strong connection between their local variety
and their identity, and their local variety is a bond with other members of their
community and a manifestation of the common intergroup value system. On the other
hand, informants who live in villages consider standard language more prestigious and
they have some dose of a linguistic insecurity while code-switching (to which they are
more prone to) towards what they implicitly consider more prestigious, whether it is
urban vernacular or academic discourse. All of that may in a way be considered as a
consequence of the standard language ideology.

One of the variables in this research was also a native variety of our informants,
and we may say that the hypothesis that there would be a difference between attitudes of
our informants depending on their native variety turned out to be true. The results
indicate that attitudes of informants whose native dialect is prizrensko-timocki are in a
way more specific than attitudes of other informants. Informants from prizrensko-
timocki dialect are primarily prone to code-switching depending on the situational
context. They are also prone to connecting standard language variety with media and
education and we found that correcting the idiolect towards the traditional usage sphere
of their local variety or the standard language variety. Thats why we think that one of
the dominant segments of their language competence is developing communicative
strategies connected to the use of a certain code in accordance with the situational
context, which they are very aware of, as well as being aware of the distance between
their dialect and the standard Serbian language. On the other hand, speakers whose
native dialect is zetsko-sjenicki, more than other informants, prefer using their local
variety than standard language, they feel proud when they speak their dialect, they feel a
special closeness and affection to the speaker of their dialect, and they find dialect more
natural. More than other informants they agreed with the claim that they love dialects
because they remind them of the past, familiar surroundings and family, with the claim
that the dialect is more understandable than the standard language, and they like using
their dialect far more than other informants. The highest correlation between
informants dialect and identity was found among the informants whose native dialect is
zetsko-sjenicki and prizrensko-timocki. It appears that the standard language is explicitly
valued higher among the informants whose dialect is further from said standard. It is
considered more prestigious especially among the speakers of zetsko-sjenicki and
prizrensko-timocki dialects, but they also value their own variety very high in the
meaning of solidarity, and emotionally are very attached to it. When we compare
speakers of zetsko-sjenicki and prizrensko-timocki dialects, we find the first more
consistent in using local language forms in the formal situations that require using of the
standard language forms compared to the speakers of the prizrensko-timocki dialect,
who are more prone to code-switching to what they consider standard Serbian language.

As the general conclusions about attitudes towards the standard Serbian

language and its dialect among the students we observed in this case study, we would
like to put forth the following conclusions:

Students find dialects to be interesting and diverse; they believe they reflect
tradition and the past; they are more spontaneous, colorful and more natural. Our
participating students enjoy using their local dialect, but they are very conscious about
when they should use which variety. Towards the speaker of their dialect they feel
closeness and affection, and the dialect is an important component of their identity.
Speakers of certain dialects find their dialect more understandable than standard
language and they are able to express themselves easier when using their dialect than
the standard language. Dialect-marked variables are used as a trigger for having a
benevolent attitude towards a speaker they meet for the first time.

Furthermore, standard language is explicitly considered better, more appealing

and more prestigious than dialects, and it is usually related to the level of education of
the person we are talking with. The usage sphere of standard Serbian language is
connected to the broad domains of usage, especially in the areas traditionally connected
to social power, culture, education, media, political and economic structures, and this
usually leads to code-switching, especially among the informants whose local dialect is
further from standard Serbian language.

There are certain language attitudes towards particular language forms which
lead to evaluating the person we are talking with, mostly when we talk about the first
impression. Students of Serbian language value nonstandard forms less than dialect-
marked forms.

Raising standard language competences is a crucially important task for the

academic community, as local dialects are subordinate to the standard language which is
the form of language used for communication in a broad region. That doesnt mean that
it should suppress dialects, but rather that students should have a clear idea of when and
for what purpose each variety should be used.

Key words: language attitudes, language ideology, standard Serbian language,

dialects, students.

Field of study: linguistics

Specific field of study: sociolinguistics

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1. ....................................................................................................... 1
2. ....................................................................................................... 4
2.1 .................................................................................................4
2.1.1 ........................................... 4
2.1.2 .................................................................... 11
2.1.3 , ................................................ 19
2.1.3.1 ............................................................................ 24
2.1.4 ............................... 29
2.2 ...........................................................................................32
2.2.1 : ....... 34
2.2.2 : .............................. 38
2.2.3 .................................... 41
2.2.4 : ................................................. 47
2.2.5 : .............................. 50
2.2.6 ......................... 62
2.3 .......................................................64
2.4 ...............................................................................................................68
3. ................................................................................. 71
3.1 ..............................................................................71
3.2 ............................................................................................73
3.3 ........................................................................................75
3.4 ............................................................................................76
3.5.1 1 ..................................................................................................80
3.5.2 2 ..................................................................................................81
3.6 ......................................................................................83
3.7 .............................................................86
3.8 .............................................................................................87
4. ........................................................................................ 88
4.1 : .........................................................88
4.2 1 ........................................89
4.2.1
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4.2.2 ...................................................... 92
4.2.3 . ................................................................. 96
4.2.4
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4.2.5 . ...................................... 103
4.2.6 . ............................................ 107
4.2.7 . ............................ 110
4.2.8
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4.2.9 . ....... 117
4.2.10 / /,
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4.2.11 .
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4.2.12 ........................................ 127
4.2.13
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4.2.14 ,
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4.2.15 ,
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4.2.16 . ....... 138
4.2.17
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4.2.18 . ........................... 144
4.2.19
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4.2.20
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4.2.21 . ............................... 154
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4.3.14
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4.3.15
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4.4 ..........................................................................................228
4.5 ...............................................................................244
4.5.1
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4.5.2 ........................................ 248
4.5.3 ............................... 253
4.6 : ...........................................................................257
4.6.1 1. .................................................................................................. 260
4.6.2 2. .................................................................................................. 265
4.6.3 3. .................................................................................................. 271
4.6.4 4. .................................................................................................. 274
4.6.5 4. ................................................................................................ 277
4.6.6 5. .................................................................................................. 282
4.6.7 6. .................................................................................................. 285
4.6.8 6. ................................................................................................ 289
5. ................................................................................................................ 295
5.1 ........................................................................................295
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usmeravaju (se) na stavove i pretpostavke o etnicitetu, rodu ili moi i na
analizu naina na koje ti stavovi i pretpostavke utiu na ivote i ponaanje ljudi
(Filipovi 2009: 20), :

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1
Language ideologies are cultural conceptions about language, its nature, structure and use, and about
the place of communicative behavior in social life. .
2
Language ideologies provide the organizational schema through which linguistic diversity is viewed,
interpreted, and evaluated. In this sense, language ideologies represent broad, socio-cultural schemas that
shape the development of intrapersonal attitudes towards particular language varieties and their speakers.
.
3
Silverstein argues that a grasp of language ideology is essential for understanding the evolution of
linguistic structure. .
4
Set of beliefs about language articulated by users as a rationalization or justification of perceived
language structure and use. .
5

(Language Ideology), (What is Linguistic

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1. ideje moraju biti zajednike znatnom broju ljudi;

2. ideje moraju initi neku vrstu koherentnog sistema;

3. ideje na neki nain moraju biti povezane s primenom moi

u drutvu,

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(Prajs 2011: 104
105).

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Ideologije se ... shvataju kao mnogo iri psiho-kognitivno-

socijalni konstrukti koji su prisutni u ivotu svakog ljudskog bia.

7
We emphasise language ideology as a mediating link between social structures and forms of talk.
.
8
The topic of language ideology is a much-needed bridge between linguistic and social theory, because it
relates the microculture of communicative action to political economic considerations of power and social
inequality. ... It is also a potential means of deepening a sometimes superficial understanding of linguistic
form and its cultural variability in political economic studies of discourse. .

6
 Ideologije se baziraju na kulturnim modelima koji variraju od jedne
drutvene zajednice do druge, ali ih svaka bez izuzetka poseduje
(Filipovi 2009: 20).9

10 (Rumsey 1990: 346, . : Woolard,
Schieffelin 1994: 57). Koncept ideologije se ... uvodi u kulturno orijentisano
prouavanje jezika da bi se istakla dijalektika priroda, viestrukost i promenljivost
pogleda na svet, stavova i pozicija koje izraavaju i zagovaraju govornici jezika (odn.
jezik). Autori koji se bave ovom problematikom istiu da u jeziku istovremeno moe
biti kodirano vie pozicija, taaka gledita koje su ponekad ak meusobno
suprotstavljene (Petrovi 2009: 83).
-

, 11 (Coupland, Bishop 2007: 74),

(Blommaert 2006: 511)12.
,

,
13 (Woolard, Schieffelin 1994: 71).

21.
,
,

9
K () organizovani i struktuirani oblici ponaanja unutar ljudskih
zajednica: kulturni modeli su modeli koji oblikuju nau drutvenu stvarnost i utiu na ponaanje veine ili
svih lanova date zajednice. ... Kognitivni kulturni modeli su grupe struktuiranog (uglavnom) drutvenog
znanja koje nam je neophodno ukoliko elimo da budemo prihvaeni kao lanovi drutvene zajednice
(Filipovi 2009: 20).
10
... shared bodies of commonsense notions about the nature of language in the world. .
11
Language ideology research assumes that, in particular socio-cultural environments, certain beliefs
about the value of sociolinguistic features, styles and practices are structured into peoples everyday
understanding. .
12
Focusing on language ideologies would allow the analysis of language to be the analysis of culture.
.
13
The new direction in research of linguistic ideology has also moved away from seeing ideology as a
homogeneous cultural template, now treating it as a process involving struggles among multiple
conceptualizations and demanding the recognition of variation and contestation within a community as
well as contradictions within individuals. .

7
 , ,
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, (Gal 2006: 179),
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.14

.
language ideology, , :

U literaturi na engleskom jeziku za jeziku ideologiju sree se

vie termina izmeu kojih nema znaanije razlike u znaenju:
language ideology, linguistic ideology, ideologies of language. Budui
da se u srpskohrvatskom jeziku, za razliku od engleskog, gde pridev
linguistic oznaava i jeziki i lingvistiki, ova dva znaenja
realizuju pomou dva posebna prideva, u ovom radu koristim termin
jezika ideologija, poto e u pitanu ideologija koja se odnosi na
jezik, a ne na nauku o jeziku (Petrovi 2009: 79).

,
, ,
.

(Woolard, Schieffelin 1994: 57),
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(. metapragmatic
awareness). uspostavljanje odnosa izmeu
upotrebe jezika i govornikove svesti o toj upotrebi (Petrovi 2009: 88).

,

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, .

14
Language ideologies are grounded in social position and experience, in moral and political stances. But
they are not an automatic reflex of these. .

8

15 (Gal 2006: 179).

:
(Verschueren 2000: 447). Pokuaji da se
znaenja relevantna za socijalne uloge i identitet govornika koje omoguava
metapragmatika svest izraze kroz upotrebu jezika daleko su, meutim, ei u
implicitnoj nego u eksplicitnoj formi (Petrovi 2009: 144),

(:
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16 (Schieffelin et al.
1998: 4).

omoguava da se kroz posmatranje

upotrebe jezika, analizu manifestacija metapragmatike svesti i ideolokih jezgara kod
lanova malih etnikih zajednica uspostavi veza izmeu jezike prakse i
interpretacionih modela sa irim drutvenim procesima (Petrovi 2009: 90),
,
, .

15
Language ideologies always include metapragmatics, that is, local suppositions about the relation of
speech forms to speakers identities and their social situations. But language ideologies are never only
about language. They include whatever other conceptual systems are taken to be relevant to language by
the speakers. .
16
Beyond research that explicitly invokes the term "ideology" are countless studies that address cultural
conceptions of language, in the guise of metalinguistics, attitudes, prestige, standards, aesthetics, and so
on. The field could profit from a rethinking of much of this material within an explicitly social-theoretical
frame of ideology analysis. .

9
 ,

;
, ,
,
(Prajs 2011: 105106).

Jezike ideologije kognitivni konstrukti, najee implicitni

koje na nivou govornih zajednica delimo o sutini, vrednosti, istoriji i
kulturnom znaaju varijeteta koje koristimo nose niz kulturnih
konotacija o poreklu jezika, razlikama meu jezicima (na primer,
razlike izmeu standardnog srpskog, hrvatskog, crnogorskog, itd. ) i
vrednovanju tih razlika za govornike datih varijeteta, o pitanjima
pravilne upotrebe jezika (standardni vs. nestandardni varijeteti, itd.) o
grupnim i individualnim kvalitativnim razgranienjima govornika
prema dijaleku, jeziku, stilu,registru, itd. Razotkrivanje jezikih
ideologija koje uslovljavaju nae vrednovanje sopstvene i drugih
govornih zajednica, kao i nae jezike izbore stoga je od presudnog
znaaja za identifikaciju drutvenih odnosa i kulturnih modela na
osnovu kojih formiramo sopstvene line i grupne identitete (Filipovi
2011).

10
2.1.2

, ,


(Fiman 1978: 3839). (Milroy 2001: 534535)

,
, ,
.

:
(
)
(
, ,
)17 (Haugen 1972, . Cameron 2005: 38).

Standardni jezik ima prvenstveno ulogu komunikacijskog, ali i stvaralakog

instrumenta za govorne predstavnike i govornu zajednicu ija je svojina (Radovanovi
2003: 187).

18 (Dragojevi,
Giles, Watson 2013: 8).
, ,
19 (Giles, Billings 2004: 191192),

17
Language standardization has two main goals which, taken together, serve the overall objective of
enhancing communication: maximal elaboration of function (a standard language should be usable for
every purpose) and minimal variation in form (a standard language is codified to ensure uniformity in
grammar, spelling, pronunciation, etc). .
18
Standardization attempts to create an artificially homogenous linguistic landscape by erasing
inconsistencies and contradictions it is the belief in what language should be, rather than what language
is. .
19
standard variety is the one that is most often associated with high socioeconomic status, power, and
media usage in a particular community. .

11
 20
(Lippi-Green 1997: 59), (Milroy 2001)
21.
, ,

.

, (Milroy 2001: 531534)

, ,
22.

23. 24
per se
,
, . . , ,
,

. ,
, ,
(. legitimacy), , ,

.

, ,

20
The myth of standard language persists because it is carefully tended and propagated. .
21
, (kifi 2010) ,

.
22
Imposition of uniformity upon a class of objects. .
23

. (. hyperstandardization)
(Cameron 2005).
24
. 2.1.3.1 .

12
 (: 543).
- (Lippi-Green 1997: 54):

. , ,

.25

,
: , ,
.
,

. ,

26 (Lippi-Green 1997: 62),
, ,
(
), ,
,
,
27 (:
58).

je standardni varijetet jednog jezika obino (je)

onaj varijetet kji predstavlja naciju kao cjelinu i njene najvie institucije upravljanja,

25
A spoken standardized language can only be understood as an abstraction. But it is a useful
abstraction, one constructed and reconstructed on an ongoing basis with great care and attention, because
it serves a number of functions. .
26
Mainstream English, as it is defined here, is an abstraction. It is an attempt to isolate from the full set of
all varieties of US English those varieties which are not overtly stigmatized, and which find some degree
of acceptance and favor over space and social distinctions. As we will see, these varieties are not
coincidentally the language of primarily white, middle- and upper-middle-class, and midwestern
American communities. .
27
Standard US English is the language spoken and written by persons: with no regional accent, who
reside in the midwest, far west or perhaps some parts of the north-east (but never in the south), with more
than average or superior education; who are themselves educators or broadcasters; who pay attention to
speech, and are not sloppy in terms of pronunciation or grammar; who are easily understood by all; who
enter into a consensus of other individuals like themselves about what is proper in language.
.

13
obrazovanja i kulture uopte. Upravo se ovaj varijetet vee uz misiju, slavu, istoriju i
jedinstvenost cijelog jednog naroda i, doista, upravo ovaj varijetet pomae da se
objedine pojedinci koji inae ne konstituiu jednu interakcijsku mreu, u jednu
simboliku zajednicu, odnosno narod (Fiman 1978: 45).

,
, (Coupland 2000: 630).
, (: 632),

,
,
28.

,
(. manmade)
(Schieffelin et al. 1998: 21),

.
,
(Milroy 2001: 537).

-
, ,
(
)
(Neustupn 1993, . : Cameron 2005: 2728). O
29 , (Bugarski 1997: 31)
:

28
Traditional social structures of class, sex and age-based distinction are weakening, and it is largely
those structures that fostered hegemonic ideologies of language `standardness. .
29
. ,

.

14
 Jugoslovensko drutvo je tokom poslednjih decenija
doivelo korenit preobraaj. Novi drutveni i ekonomski odnosi,
praeni iz osnova drukijim politikim i administrativnim
ustrojstvom, industrijalizacija i urbanizacija sa prateim porastom
radnitva na raun seljatva, socijalnom mobilnou, migracijama i
ivljim meanjem stanovnitva, zatim irenje komunikacija i
obrazovanja, ogroman porast obima i uinka masovnih medija,
razvoj vie domaih jezika i uticaj stranih jezika i kultura,
otvaranje prema svetu sve ovo i jo mnogo toga ostavilo je i
ostavlja posledice kako na irem drutvenom tako i na jezikom
planu.

(Filipovi, Vuo 2012: 13):

,
,
;


,
. , ,
,
,
.
,

30.

,
:

de jure ( )
de facto
( ,

30
The Serbian language standard, as the majority of European standard languages, has been created in
accordance with the nationalist model of standardization; it has been maintained within the framework of
standard language cultures in which standard language posits one of the pillars of national identity and
unity, and it has been understood as the most important cultural and historical heritage. Standard language
cultures, such as the Serbian one, are characterized by specific language ideologies, promoted through
top-down language policy and planning in which language management plays a crucial role. They are
normally rather insensitive to social, cultural and other changes reflected in communicative practices of
given speech communities. .

15

)31 (Filipovi, Vuo 2012: 2).

,

,

,
.

,
, .
,
:
;

;
. ,

32 (Lewis 1981: 262, . :
Baker 1992: 910).

(. correctness)
, ,
(Dragojevi et al. 2013: 9),
.
-
(. VE),
, , .

(. nativeness)
, ,

31
...language policies in standard language cultures, based on de jure top-down language policy, do not
recognize or react positively to any type of de facto bottom-up language policy and planning activities,
which are derived from real life language practices and speakers communicative needs. .
32
Any policy for language, especially in the system of education, has to take account of the attitude of
those likely to be affected. In the long run, no policy will succeed which does not do one of three things:
conform to the expressed attitudes of those involved; persuade those who express negative attitudes about
the rightness of policy; or seek to remove the causes of disagreement. In any case knowledge about
attitudes is fundamental to the formulation of a policy as well as to success in its implementation.
.

16
 (: 8).
,
,
, ;
.

(Cameron 2005: 4), o,
.
,

(: 12).
, ,
, ,
()
33 (Milroy 2001: 550). Inovacija moe ak imati i
fizioloku (artikulacionu) bazu, ali je njeno usvajanje, modifikacija i interiorizacija u
samom sistemu mentalni in koji zavisi od kulturnih, estetskih, vrednosnih ili
funkcionalnih faktora operativnih meu govornicima datog varijeteta (Filipovi 2009:
25).

,


,
, .

.
,
,

,
34
(Inoue 2006: 123).

33
There are no objective (non-ideological) criteria for distinguishing between corruptionsand changes.
.
34
Language standardization gives privilege, authority, and legitimacy to a particular language variety,
and thus creates a hierarchy in which nonstandard varieties, whether they are characterized as accents,
dialects, or other languages, are marginalized. Such a linguistic hierarchy is often hegemonic in the sense
that it is simply taken for granted by speakers. Even in a society where a multicultural, multiethnic, and

17
 ,
(Bugarski 1997: 24),
, , .

, ,
.
, ,
, ( -
35
(Lippi-Green 1997: 61)),
:
36 (Cameron 2005: 10).

multilingual ideal is officially celebrated and advocated, the standardness of language is tacitly assumed
and naturalized in such a way that it is associated with moral superiority, class mobility, and culture.
.
35
Power and authority in language are tied inextricably to education and literacy. .
36
There is no escape from normativity. .

18
2.1.3 ,

,

, ,

, ,
,
(Filipovi 2009: 23,
26).
,
:

Neki jeziki oblici stiu presti zahvaljujui svojoj rairenosti u

povlatenim drutvenim krugovima, dok drugi, u isto jezikom
pogledu sasvim autentini i neretko podjednako prihvatljivi
alternativni oblici, bivaju stigmatizovani zbog svoje
rasprostranjenosti u manje uglednim slojevima drutva. Sve ovo
postoji na planu sinhronije kao fenomen jezikih varijacija, a na osi
dijahronije kao vaan izvor jezikih promena (Bugarski 1996: 43).

,
(Kristal 1985, : dijalekt), ,
:
-, , , , ,
, (Filipovi 2009: 24).
,
,
;
,
(Wolfram, Schilling 2015: 89).

19
 ()
37
,
,
, .

,

/


. ,

. ,

38 (Milroy 2001:
534).

(Giles, Marlow 2011: 166)

. :

, ;
,
;

;

,

37

, . (. nonstandard dialects),
( , . nonmainstream) (. vernacular
dialects), (Wolfram, Schilling 2015: 16).
38
The standard / non-standard dichtomy is itself driven by an ideology it depends on prior acceptance
of the ideology of standardization and on the centrality of the standard variety. Plainly, dialects cannot be
labeled non-standardunless a standard variety is first recognized as defintive and central. In this
conceptualization, the dialects becoe, as it were, satellites that have orbits at various distances around a
central body the standard. .

20

.

,
.
; ,
,
, 39 (Woolard, Schieffelin 1994: 5556).

, 40
(. ,
) (Cameron 2005: 16).

Identitet moemo tumaiti kao esencijalnu, socioistorijsku

i bioloku konstantu na osnovu koje se pojedinac identifikuje i
predstavlja kao lan odreene drutvene grupacije (Filipovi
2009: 51).

, , ,
(Sachdev, Bourhis 1990: 216, . : Kristiansen 2001: 140).

(Giles, Marlow 2011: 166)

.

( , , ,
...)
, ,
.

39
Ideologies of language are significant for social as well as linguistic analysis because they are not only
abou language. Rather, such ideologies envision and enact links of language to group and personal
identity, to aesthetics, to morality, and to epistemology. .
40
. Peti-Stanti, Langston 2013.

21
 () , ,
(Cameron 2005: 15).
, u interakciji unutar drutvenih zajednica, svako od
nas preuzima niz drutvenih uloga koje prepoznajemo kao drutveni ili kulturni identitet
(Filipovi 2009: 21), , prema modelu projektovanja govornika, svaki govor je
performans, a svaka smena stila ukljuuje ulaenje u nove uloge (Filipovi 2009: 50),
.

,
;
, , ,

(Garrett 2001: 629).

,

(Cameron 2005: 15).

,
(Giles, Marlow 2011: 165),
,
(Halliday 1968, . : Giles, Marlow 2011: 166).

,
(Lambert et al. 1960).

, . ,
(Kristiansen 2001: 132).

(. social identity theory),

22
( ) ,
().

, ,
(Filipovi 2009),
(. speaker design
model) ,
(),
(Wolfram, Schilling 2015). ,
(Bell 1984) (.
audience design),
( ) (Soukup 2011: 127).

,
,
41 (Kristiansen 2001: 140).

41
Languages, dialects and accents may function, not just as markers of social categories, but also as
makers of social categories. .

23
 2.1.3.1

.
,
.

,
. , (. le prestige)
, , ,
, , , ,
. ,

: ,
, , /
(. Kloss 1966: 143144)
( 2013: 215).

,

.
, , ,
, ,
,
.
, , ,
, , - , -
. ,

24
 42,

. ,
. (Trudgill 1972)
:

(. overt prestige)

(. covert prestige).

,
,

.

,
,
.
, ,
()
( 2013: 216).

,

, .

U poreenju sa dijalektima, standardni ili knjievni jezik je

svojim optim prestiom zatien od negativnih sudova i ak moe u
popularnoj viziji stei atribute neprikosnovenog izraza nacionalne
kulture, koji se mora udruenim snagama braniti od svih opasnosti
koje mu prete spolja ili iznutra. No takva glorifikacija, koliko god
mogla biti opravdana, ima i svoje neugodno nalije utoliko to
ljudima koji nisu imali prilike da ovladaju ovim visoko cenjenim
oblikom jezika moe da usadi kompleks manje jezike, pa i
individualne i drutvene vrednosti (Bugarski 2003: 100).

42
. Milroy 2001 2.1.2
.

25


, (Edwards 2009:
55).
,
,
. , ,
.
,

, , , , ,
,
.
,
,
;
, ,
,
,
.

.
, ,

(ilroy 2001: 530).

, (Trudgill 1972: 194)

, ,

26
 43
.


.

:

,
;
, (. , )
(.
) (Dragojevi, Giles 2014: 9293),
,
.

,

,
, ,

,
(.
native-like proficiency) (Giles, Marlow 2011: 168).

(Dragojevi, Berglund, Blauvelt 2015)

,
,
,

43
(. from above / from below) . Labov 1966.

27
 ,
.

28
 2.1.4

, ,
.
. ,
,
, .
( 1985: 1415).

,

; ,
. ,
,
(1985) ,
.

1. ,
: 1985.

, , , (2009)
. ,

29
 - (
1956, . 1985. 44 ,
)
. -
( , , ,
...), .

( , ,
, ...).


,
,
. -
, ,

.

,
,
-
. ,
,
- .
: -
-,
- ,
, ( 1985: 91
92) ,

.

44

: ( 1985).

30
 .
, -, ,
-, - - 45.
, -

,
, ,
.
;
, ,
. ,
...
( 1970: 59).

,
:

.
.

.

. (...)
,
,
. ,
( 2012: 6162).

45
, , ,
. 1985;
Peco 1991; , 2000; Okuka 2008.
,
.

31
2.2

Prema persijskoj legendi, zmija koja je zavela Evu govorila je

arapskim, najzavodljivijim jezikom na svetu, Adam i Eva razgovarali
su na persijskom, najpoetinijem, dok se arhanel Gavrilo sluio
turskim, najopasnijim. A caru Karlu Petom pripisuje se sledea izjava:
Ja se Bogu obraam na panskom, enama na italijanskom,
mukarcima na francuskom, a svome konju na nemakom (Bugarski
2003: 98).

, ,

, ,
, .
mi neka
jezika obeleja ili neke tipove govora volimo ili ne volimo, cenimo ili ne cenimo, ne
zbog onoga to oni sami po sebi jesu, nego zbog onoga to oni predstavljaju; dakle, ne
iz jezikih nego iz drutvenih razloga (Bugarski 2003: 100), ,
:

nije samo nosilac sadraja, latentnog ili iskazanog. Jezik

sm jeste sadraj, mjerilo prijateljskih i neprijateljskih
raspoloenja, indikator socijalnih statusa i linih odnosa, pokazatelj
situacija i predmeta razgovora, kao i socijalnih ciljeva i poprit
interakcija, iroke skale i s vrijednosnim nabojima, to je tipino za
svaku jeziku zajednicu (Fiman 1978: 2324).

,
,
.

, ,

32
 46.


(Garrett 2001: 630).

;

, ,
(Lambert 1960: 44),
o
(Milroy 2001: 538).

1990. ,
,
: ,
, , .

,
, . ,


, .

46
O . Bugarski 1996, Niedzielski, Preston 1999,
.

33
2.2.1 :

(Vlahovi 1997: 74), a 1997.
:

Prouavanje stavova prema jeziku u Jugoslaviji nije jo kako

valja ni otpoelo, ali se lako moe zamisliti da bi veoma zanimljivi
rezultati bili postignuti primenjivanjem na njen bogati sociolingvistiki
mozaik (Bugarski 1997).

, ,

, .

(Vlahovi 1989, 1990; Kovaevi 2004,
2005; 2005; 2009; Paunovi 2010; Relji 2011; 2011;
2011; , 2011);
(Kalogjera 1985; kiljan 1988; Jakovevi 1988;
imii, Sulojdi 2004; Golubovi, Sokoli 2013).
(. Kova-
Rac 2012), (. 2010, 2013).
,
, ,
(Ignjaevi 1998; Stoji 1991; orovi 2004;
2010; Stojkovi, Jerotijevi 2011; Maksimovi, Petrovi 2012; 2012;
2012; Maksimovi, Osmanovi 2014).

(Pavlovi, Jovanovi 2012; Pavlovi, Tasi 2013).

,

. (2011), (2011)

34
(2011)
2,
.

(Kovaevi 2004)
47
( 2005a).
, ,

, ,
,
.

(Garrett, Coupland, Williams 2003: 12
13).
,
, ;

(McKenzie 2007: 4647), a

o
, , .

Iako je standardni oblik jezika neto to svi moraju da

ue, njime e po pravilu lake ovladati, na primer, Beograanin ili
Mostarac nego Splianin ili Leskovanin. Pored toga, u mnogim
sluajevima razvie se tzv. funkcionalna dvodijalektalnost
tanije: dvokodnost kao osoben vid diglosije, tj. upotreba dvaju
kodova maternjeg jezika i prebacivanje izmeu njih prema

47
(2005a: 284)
,
. , (Gaies, Beebe
1991) , .
, , ,
, .

35
 situaciji (npr. upotreba standardnog jezika na poslu a zaviajnog
govora kod kue). Kako obavljanje nekih visoko cenjenih
profesija zahteva dobro vladanje standardnim jezikom i pojedinim
njegovim funkcionalnim stilovima, anse za napredovanje u
ivotu nisu, dakle, ni na ovom planu uvek ravnomerno
rasporeene (Bugarski 1997: 2425),

. ,


:

I. kriterij utjecaj zaviajnih (mjesnih) idioma

a) oni iji se zaviajni idiomi (imanentna gramatika, poznato) u veoj mjeri podudaraju
sa standardnim jezikom (normativna gramatika, novo)
b) oni iji se zaviajni idiomi u manjoj mjeri podudaraju sa standardnim jezikom

II. kriterij stav prema zaviajnim idiomima

a) oni iji je stav prema zaviajnim idiomima u veoj mjeri pozitivan

b) oni iji je stav prema zaviajnim idiomima u manjoj mjeri pozitivan

III. kriterij stav prema hrvatskome standardnom jeziku

a) oni iji je stav prema hrvatskome standardnom jeziku u veoj mjeri pozitivan
b) oni iji je stav prema hrvatskome standardnom jeziku u manjoj mjeri pozitivan
(leri, Gazdi Aleri 2009: 7),

, ,

.
:

viestruka, poevi od oblasti obrazovanja, opteg i jezikog,

koje bi, izmeu ostalog, imalo za zadatak podizanje nivoa
jezike svesti i kulture, pa do oblasti jezikog planiranja i
politike (Vlahovi 1997: 76).

36
 (Radovanovi 2003: 208) ,


,
48.

(Bugarski 1997: 8182)

,
jeziki refleksi duboko ukorenjenih i esto samo polusvesnih
sociopsiholokih percepcija jedne teritorijalne, etnike ili drutvene grupe od strane
govornih predstavnika drugih grupa,
:

Mnogobrojni dijalekti i jezici ove zemlje predmet su uestalog

i slobodnog komentarisanja u stilu narodne lingvistike, postoji
razvijena tradicija etnikog humora koji istie osobenosti
dijalekta i izgovora, to slui kao jasan pokazatelj popularnih
percepcija, a svakovrsni etniki stereotipi odraavaju se u
reakcijama na govor pojedinih grupa.

48
.

37
2.2.2 :

,
,
.
,
:

1. , ;
2. ;
3. ;
4. , ;
5. ;
6. ;
7. ;
8. (. language preferance)
(Baker 1992: 2930).

ini se da svaki od pomenutih domena izuavanja

jezikih sudova posebno naglaava po jednu od tri ... komponente
koje sainjavaju strukturu stava (Vlahovi 1997: 69)

, .

,
, ,
, a
,
, (Wagner, Hesson
2014)
.

38
 ,
,
.
, ,
(. Hiraga 2005; Coupland, Bishop 2007), (Derwing 2003);
(Ray, Zahn 1999; Bayard et al. 2001); (Lippi-
Green 1997; Moyer 2007;

,
Bucholtz et al. 2008). ,
.
, , (Garrett, Williams, Evans 2005)
, ,
,

, (Bayard et al. 2001),
, ,
(Evans 2005).

(. McKenzie 2007, 2008, 2008a,
2013), , .



, (Mulac,
Hanley, Prigge 1974), (Ryan, Carranza, Moffie 1977)
(Cargile 1997a).

(Giles, Marlow 2011: 165)

,
,

39
 , ,

,
, 49 ,
,

.

(Cargile 2002; Cargile, Giles 1997; Cargile et al. 1994;
Dragojevi, Giles, Watson 2013; Edwards 1999; Garrett 2001, 2007, 2010; Giles, Raki
2014; Giles, Billings 2004; Giles, Marlow 2011; Mange, Lepastourel, Georget 2009).


, ,
(Yzerbyt, Provost, Corneille 2005), (Van Bezooijen
1994; Grondelaers, Van Hout, Steegs 2010), (Kristiansen 2003).
.

49

. Carslon, McHenry 2006.

40
2.2.3

,
20. 30.
,
, , (Bogardus 1925;
Thurstone 192850; Likert 1932; llport 1935),
.

, ,
, o
( 2013: 271).

1935. . , 16
, , :

,
,

51 (Allport 1935: 810).

.
(Sarnoff 1970: 279),
o, , ,
,
(. : Fasold 1984: 147).

50
(Attitudes can be measured).
51
A mental and neural state of readiness, organized through experience, exerting a directive or dynamic
influence upon the individuals response to all objects and situations with which it is related.
.

41

(Osgood, Suci, Tannenbaum 1957: 190).

52 (McGuire 1968: 239),

53 (Eagly, Chaiken 1993: 1),

54
/ (Crano, Prislin 2006: 347).

, ,
(
1982: 5859, . : 2000: 6),
,
(, ,
1972: 184, . : 2000: 7).

, .

:
.

,
.
,

; ,
, (Fasold 1984: 147).

52
Responses that locate objects of thought on dimensions of judgment. .
53
psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor
or disfavor. .
54
Attitudes are the evaluative judgments that integrate and summarize . . . cognitive/affective reactions.
.

42
 .
,
, () ( 2003),
(
)
(Cooper, Fishman 1974); :

1. (),

2. ()

3. ( )55 ,

, ,
, 56.
,

.

,

( 2012: 7),
. , ,
(Bordens, Horovitz 2008), , j
.

,

(Bohner, Wanke 2002: 219244, . : McKenzie 2007: 2728).

55
Vlahovi 1997: 6368 McKenzie
2007: 2627.
56
, ,
.
( 2012: 619). .
(Vlahovi 1997:
6168).

43
 Do koje mere je ono to ovek govori, osea i kako
namerava da se ponaa konzistentno sa njegovim stvarnim
ponaanjem, problem je koji socijalni psiholozi svode na odnos
stavova i ponaanja. Ne moe se rei da taj odnos uopte ne postoji,
ili da je, pak, iznimno jak. Jednostavno reeno, ponaanje nije
odreeno samo onim to bi pojedinac eleo, ve ono zavisi i od
drutvenih normi kao i od oekivanih posledica zbog odreenog
ponaanja (Vlahovi 1997: 67).

Po Trijandisu, ljudi formiraju stavove iz sledeih

razloga:

a) da bi razumeli svet oko sebe, na taj nain to veina

raznovrsne stimuluse iz svoje okoline njima organizuju i
uproavaju;

b) da bi zatitili samopotovanje, jer im stavovi

omoguavaju da izbegnu neprijatne istine o njima samima;

c) zato to im pomau da se prilagode sloenom svetu na

taj nain to im poveavaju anse da iz okoline izvuku
maksimum pozitivnog;

d) da bi im omoguili da iskau svoje osnovne vrednosti

(Vlahovi 1997: 68).

,
,
. , , (Katz 1960)
: , ,
.
;
,
, ,
,
(McKenzie 2007: 31),
.

44


. ( 2000). , ,
,
(: 67).
, a (: 38
42):

, :
o ,
o
o ;

, :
o
o ;

, :
o
o ;

, :
o
o .

, , .
, :
o ,
o ,
o
o .

45
 , :
o

,

;
o .
, :
o ,
o
o .
, :
o
o .

46
2.2.4 :

,
,
(Thomas Hatherley Pear)
.
, a
BBC-ja.

,
(Pear 1931).

, ,
(
), 1960.

(Lambert et al. 1960). 1960.
Matched-guise technique ( ,
),
57.
(
)
,
,

, .
, ,
,
.

57
(
) Matched and verbal guise studies: focus on
English (Garrett 2010).

47
 , ,
.
, , ,
,
, .
18 .
,
.
, ,
.
, ,
.
,
(Tajfel 1959).

(Osgood, Suci,
Tannenbaum 1957), ,

.

,
.

, (Lambert,
Anisfeld, Yeni-Kosmshian 1965).

1969. ,
(Tucker, Lambert 1969).
(), ( )

.

48
 ,
(. Tajfel 1959, Grondelaers et al. 2010), ,
, ,
. (Giles,
Marlow 2011: 164) :

(. ,
, )
58. ...

per se
59.

(. Shuy, Fasold 1975),

,
; , , ,
.
.

58
= . guise , : ,
.
59
This procedure has the advantage of experimental control, since all extraneous variables (e.g., prosodic,
paralinguistic, and emotional investment) are purportedly held constant across the guises evoked. ... the
technique assures that differences across guises are based upon the features of the language variety per se
rather than the vocal differences that often exist among speakers. .

49
2.2.5 :

.
,
.

,
,
,
, (. , . , . , .
, . , . , . , . ).


60
(Cargile, Giles 1997: 195).

20. , , ,

61 (Cargile et al. 1994: 211).


, ,


, .

. ,

60
Language attitudes represent important communicative phenomena to explore. .
61
Language is a powerful social force that does more than convey intended referential information.
.

50

,
, , ,
.

.
,

,

.

,

1965.
.
(Cargile et al. 1994: 216219)
, ,
:

( , 11
// //,
1417 , ),
(
,
),
( ,
,
),
(
,
),

51
 ,
(
,
(Niedzielski 1999)

),
(
,
, , ,
).
, ,

,
.

,
(Giles, Coupland 1991).
.
,
, - (Giles,
Marlow 2011: 168). (. setting)
(: 167), .

(Giles, Ryan 1982: 220)

,

: (.
status-stressing), (. solidarity-stressing),
(. person-centered) (.
group-centered). :

52
 1.
,
, ;

2. :
, ,
, ;

3.

,

4.
;
, ,
/.

(Dragojevi, Giles 2014).



(. ingroup) (.
outgroup). ,



, ()
.
,
. (
, N=175) ,

:

53
 ,
,
.

.

,

, , -
, , ,
,
.

(Wagner, Hesson 2014: 651652)

,
, :

(,
),

; ,
,
(Wagner, Hesson 2014: 652).

54
 , ,
,
.

(Kerswill 2003) ,
,
,
.
(. geographical diffusion),
,
(. levelling),

(. speech accomodation).

(Giles, Powesland 1975).

,

62 (Dragojevi, Giles, Watson 2013: 2).
,
( ),
, , , 63,
( )
. ,
,
,

( 2013: 190191).

62
The tendency to socially stereotype speakers based on their use of language can have significant real
world consequences, ranging from prejudice and discrimination to matters of life and death.
.
63

2013: 178.

55
 ,
, .
a

,
, ,
. ,
( ) :

1 64;
;
(Dragojevi, Giles, Watson 2013: 1).

,

. ,
(Golubovi, Sokoli 2013),
,

.
65 .

,
,
,
, ,
() , ,
, ,
,
, 1.

64
.
65
( ) . Golubovi, Sokoli 2013.

56
 1. (
: Cargile et al. 1994: 214)

(Cargile,
Bradac 2001) , ,
,
.
(
(Cargile, Giles 1997: 196)) :

,
,

,
, ,
, (Giles,
Marlow 2011: 177). 2
.

57
 2. ( :
Cargile, Bradac 2001: 358, . : Giles, Marlow 2011: 177)

,
. ,
,
, ,

() 66
(Dragojevi, Giles, Watson 2013: 18),

(Cargile et al. 1994: 214)

(. perceived cultural
factors).
,

.
,

66
Language attitudes do not exist in a social vacuum, nor are they stable and immutable frames of
reference. Rather, they are a product of diverse, and sometimes competing, cultural, historical, and
ideological forces, and can quickly shift in response to the radically changing political and technological
landscape that constitutes the modern (globalized) world. .

58
, ,
67,
68,
, , ,
,

(
, ).

:
(Kristiansen 2008).
3,
.

3.
( : Kristiansen 2008)

67
1966.
(Labov 1966).
68
. 2.1.2 .

59
 ,
(Giles, Raki 2014):

, , ( (.)
socially diagnostic);

, /
,
;

e K (Baker
1992), e,
,
.

(Baker 1992: 11)

(. attitude) aptitude, atto
(. actus), (. aptitude for action).

69 ,
( ).
,
70 (: 10).

69
Attitude is a hypothetical construct used to explain the direction and persistence od human behaviour.
.
70
The status, value and importance of language is most often and mostly easily (though imperfectly)
measured by attitudes to language. Such attitudes may be measured at an individual level, or the common
attitudes of a group or community may be elicited. .

60
 ,
.

1.
, ,
.

2. ,
.

3. ,
,
, (: 1819).

: , ,
,

(: 3132),
.
.

61
2.2.6

, (Garrett, Coupland, Williams 2003),

71
:

1. (. the societal treatment approach),

2. (. the direct approach)

3. (. the indirect approach).

,
.
,
.

, (: 16) -
.

,

.
.

, ,
,
, .

,
.

71
. Ajzen 2005.

62
 ,
,
:

po nainu manifestovanja, vrsti, dejstvu, predmetu. Po

nainu manifestovanja sudovi mogu da otkrivaju svesne i nesvesne
sisteme vrednosti. Po vrsti mogu biti estetski, moralni i
pragmatini. Po dejstvu variraju od onih bezazlenih do krajnje
opasnih (Vlahovi 1997: 70).

- - ,
, (
2000: 45), .
, , ,
, ,
(: 47); ,
.

63
2.3

,
, ,
(Dragojevi, Giles, Watson 2013: 20),

(Banaji, Heiphetz 2010: 375).

(Dragojevi, Giles 2014: 91)

:
(.
) ( )
(. , ). ,
,
() .

,
.

,
, ,
,

. (. common sense)
,
:
,

64
 72 (Milroy 2001:
536).

73 (Milroy 2001: 535),

post hoc ; ,

,
,
,
(: 536).

ermin ideologija ima razliito znaenje od termina

stavovi i verovanja, koji u naunim istraivanjima najee
koreliraju sa pojedincima, dok su ideologije drutvene tvorevine.
Kada je re o jeziku, jezike ideologije se ogledaju ne samo u
onome to kaemo ili napiemo (na druge teme), ve i u samim
iskazima o jeziku. Jezike ideologije su sistemske, mentalne (i
esto implicitne) strukture koje govornicima omoguavaju da
razumeju, primenjuju i/ili menjaju jezike konvencije svoje
drutvene/kulturne zajednice.

Istraivanja uloge ideologije u jeziku usmeravaju se na

stavove i pretpostavke o etnicitetu, rodu ili moi i na analizu naina
na koje ti stavovi i pretpostavke utiu na ivote i ponaanje ljudi.
(Filipovi 2009: 20).

;

, , ,
, ( ,
) (Baker 1992: 1415).

72
Although common sense attitudes are ideologically loaded attitudes, those who hold them do not see it
in that way at all: they believe that their adverse judgments on persons who use language incorrectly
are purely linguistic judgements sanctioned by authorities on language, and this belief is itself partialy a
consequence of standardization. .
73
An extremely important effect of standardization has been development of consciousness among
speakers of a correct, or cannonical, form of language. .

65


,
(Coupland, Bishop 2007: 75).

/ ,
/
, ,
( 1.
2. ). ,
, ,
,

.
( ) ,
,

,
, ,

. brasci jezikog ponaanja, sa jedne strane, predstavljaju refleks kulturnih
modela i ideologija, ali, sa druge strane, jeziko ponaanje takoe potvruje ili
osporava, odrava ili menja odreenu ideologiju (Filipovi 2009: 46), uloga,
funkcije i vrednovanje odreenog jezika zavise od niza socijalnih, politikih,
ekonomskih, kulturnih i drugih ekstralingvistikih faktora koji odreuju njegov status,
znaaj i mo unutar odreene zajednice (jezike, kulturne, etnike, politike, itd)
(: 18).

(Baker 1992: 2930),
,
, .
, ()

66
 ,
74.

dreeni bidijalektalan govornik (recimo, kompetentan

govornik kako standardnog, tako i nestandardnog dijalekta datog
jezika) u stanju je da svesno i paljivo prelazi sa standardnog na
nestandardni dijalekat, ili obrnuto, u skladu sa odreenom
komunikativnom namerom (da, na primer, uspostavi odnos
bliskosti sa sagovornikom, identifikujui se kao lan iste ili
razliite govorne, kulturne, drutvene, etnike, itd. grupe
(Filipovi 2009: 49).

,

,

.

74
,
, ,
. ,
(-, -)
, , ,
, , .
, - ,
, ( 1985)
,
.

67
 2.4

,

.

,

,

, (
, )
. ,

.
, ,
1989. ,
,

( 90- ),
,

.

,
, ,
.

,


.
,

68
, ,
.

,
.

,
(. Schoel et al. 2013: 22),
:

. ,
, ,
( , ) .

1.
,
,
,
;

2.
,
, , , ,
, -
,
,
,
, , ,
.

,
,

69
 - ,
() ,
.

,
,

.
,
,
.

,
.

70
 3.

3.1

.


.

-
( )
, .
,
,
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.

, ,

. .
:

)
;

) ;

) .

. :

71
) (, ,
, ,
);

) ;

) .

72
 3.2

1.
( , , ,
...) :

( / / ),

2.
:

( / / ),

,
.

73
 3.
.

4.
.

5.

.

8.
,
.

9.
.

74
 3.3

,
.

:

,
.
:
1.
,
, .

2.
.

3.
.

4.
(, )
(, ).

4.
.

5.
, .

6.
.

6.
-

.

75
 3.4

240 :

o 60
(N=60)
o 60
(N=60),

- (
,

/ ),
o 60
(N=60)
o 60
(N=60).

, 240
.

(Vlahovi 1989)
.

-

, -
,

, .

76
 16 , 8 ,
,
.

:

( , )
- ,
( ,
) .

Susedstvo sa drugim narodima i jezicima moe dijalekte

uiniti konzervativnim odnosno arhainim, tako da ovi
ljubomorno uvaju staro jeziko stanje (tzv. periferni
dijalekti), dok su, po pravilu, oni koji se nalaze izvan okvira
takvih situacija progresivni to znai da bre i dalje idu u
stvaranju jezikih inovacija (tzv. centralni dijalekti). Obino
su pominjani tipovi dijalekata i geografski i politiki rasporeeni
tako da zahvataju periferiju odnosno centar jezike teritorije
koja je u pitanju (Radovanovi 2003: 180).
,
, .


(
)
,

.

,
,
,

,
,

77
 . ,
,
,
. ,

,
.

, , .
-
,
,
.


, ,

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(
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;
,
).

78
 ,

.
, ,
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, (
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.
,
,
,

.

79
 3.5

,

, , ,
.

3.5.1 1

.
30 240
1
5 .
,
, 10 ,
.
, ,

.

15
, ,
.
.
( 1).
, ,
30 , 15
. ,
.

80
 3.5.2 2

2
, 16. ,

(uri 2005), .

Fokusgrupni intervju je kvalitativna istraivaka tehnika

koja podrazumeva seriju grupnih razgovora koji okupljaju uesnike,
sline po nekim karakteristikama ili iskustvima, da raspravljaju o
odreenim pitanjima relevantnim za istraivaki problem (: 5).
, cilj razgovora je
prikupljanje podataka o miljenjima, oseanjima, stavovima, iskustvima, verovanjima,
idejama i reakcijama uesnika (). ( )
30 .
3 ,

1 (. 1). ,

,
.
,
, ,
,

.
8 ( ),

, (uri 2005),
. (2005: 13)
:

81
 razumevanje percepcije ciljne grupe odreenih pitanja,
identifikovanje kljunih pojmova i jezika kojima se odreena grupa
slui u diskusiji o istraivakoj temi, izvoenje hipoteza koje e se
u kasnijem istraivanju proveravati, interpretacija ili vrednovanje
podataka dobijenih prethodno sprovedenim kvantitativnim
metodima, proirivanje nalaza dobijenih drugim kvalitativnim
metodima,
,
,
, ,
.

, ,
(. purposeful sampling)
(: 16), ,
,
, .

, ,
, u kojem se
sumarno navode sva zapaanja, trendovi, obrasci i teme koje nastaju tokom rasprave
(: 23),
.

82
 3.6

, -
:

,
,
,
,
,
,
.

, , (Trudgill 1972: 179).
O ,

,
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75
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75
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83

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.

84

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76
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.

85
 3.7

2014/15. ,

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(Fasold 1984: 152)

. -
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86
 3.8

,
,
,
,
.
,
, ,

.


,
,
.

,
( , -)


. raireni
drutveni stavovi na podruju jezika, ak i bez obzira na njihovu empirijsku
opravdanost, mogu da budu objektivno vaan inilac u raznim oblastima ivota, preko
jezikog planiranja, do nastave jezika (Bugarski 2003: 100).

87
 4.

4.1 :

. ,
30 15 .
,
,
, , (
), ( ),
,
77.
,
,
.

(IBM SPSS Statistics 19).

.

,
1%
(100%).

77
,
,
.
10.

88
 4.2 1

4.2.1
.

78 :

: 28,6%;

: 14,7%;

: 30,7%;

: 17,6%

: 8,4%.

:
.
,
.
2.

2.

?
.
26,7% 29,2% 28,6%
10,0% 16,3% 14,7%
36,7% 28,7% 30,7%
16,7% 18,0% 17,6%
10,0% 7,9% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

1822 ,
23, 24 24

78
. 2005, .

89
.
20 (22,6% 11,3%
) 21 (14% 12% ).

2. 3.

1. 4. .

, 24,2% ,
10% , 11% 6,8%

, 3.

3.

?
. .
27,5% 29,7% 28,6%
11,7% 17,8% 14,7%
26,7% 34,7% 30,7%
24,2% 11,0% 17,6%
10,0% 6,8% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

( 20,3% 10,2% ; 15%
6,7% ),
,
.

4.

?
.
27,9% 27,1% 30,5% 28,8% 28,6%
16,4% 6,8% 15,3% 20,3% 14,7%
32,8% 20,3% 33,9% 35,6% 30,7%
14,8% 33,9% 15,3% 6,8% 17,6%
8,2% 11,9% 5,1% 8,5% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

90
 -

.
- .
.

5.

?
.
23,6% 25,0% 38,9% 52,6% 27,3% 28,6%
12,5% 19,2% 22,2% 5,3% 14,3% 14,7%
40,3% 32,7% 16,7% 5,3% 29,9% 30,7%
15,3% 15,4% 22,2% 26,3% 18,2% 17,6%
8,3% 7,7% 0% 10,5% 10,4% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
, 6.

6.

?
. .
30,3% 22,2% 29,7% 28,6%
11,8% 17,8% 17,6% 14,7%
33,6% 28,9% 27,0% 30,7%
13,4% 26,7% 18,9% 17,6%
10,9% 4,4% 6,8% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

91
 4.2.2 .

,
79.
:

: 12,6%;
: 10,5%;
: 27,3%;
: 26,1%
: 23,5%.

: ,
(26,8%
, 13,6% ).
,

35,6% , 24,6% ,
.
7.

7.

. ?

11,9% 12,8% 12,6%
11,9% 10,1% 10,5%
35,6% 24,6% 27,3%
27,1% 25,7% 26,1%
13,6% 26,8% 23,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

79
. 2005, .

92

,
(
41,2% ),
(
31,8% ).

,
,
.
,001. , 34,4%,
12,1%.

.

. .

8.

. ?
.
14,8% 10,3% 12,6%
8,2% 12,9% 10,5%
14,8% 40,5% 27,3%
27,9% 24,1% 26,1%
34,4% 12,1% 23,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

( 30,5% , 16,7%
),
.
.

93
 9.

. ?

13,6% 11,7% 12,6%
8,5% 12,5% 10,5%
21,2% 33,3% 27,3%
26,3% 25,8% 26,1%
30,5% 16,7% 23,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

.
: : 41,7%; : 27,4%; :
19%; : 5,2%.
.

9.

. ?

11,3% 18,3% 12,1% 8,6% 12,6%
11,3% 5,0% 13,8% 12,1% 10,5%
25,8% 3,3% 41,4% 39,7% 27,3%
24,2% 31,7% 27,6% 20,7% 26,1%
27,4% 41,7% 5,2% 19,0% 23,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(28,9% ),
(23,5%), (20,3%).
.

10.

. ?
.
15,1% 11,1% 9,5% 12,6%
10,9% 8,9% 10,8% 10,5%
22,7% 28,9% 33,8% 27,3%
27,7% 22,2% 25,7% 26,1%
23,5% 28,9% 20,3% 23,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

94
 , ,
: 27,8%
; 27,3% -
; 27,5% - ; 22,2%
- 16,2% - .

,
- , .
.

11.

. ?

10,8% 11,8% 16,7% 11,1% 14,3% 12,6%
14,9% 13,7% 5,6% 5,6% 6,5% 10,5%
31,1% 23,5% 38,9% 22,2% 24,7% 27,3%
27,0% 23,5% 16,7% 33,3% 27,3% 26,1%
16,2% 27,5% 22,2% 27,8% 27,3% 23,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

95
 4.2.3 .

:
: 4,2%;
: 3,8%;
: 12,6%;
: 27,3%
: 52,1%,

(55,6% 41,4% ). ,

, 12.

12.

. ?

6,9% 3,3% 4,2%
8,6% 2,2% 3,8%
15,5% 11,7% 12,6%
27,6% 27,2% 27,3%
41,4% 55,6% 52,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
. ,
,

.
65,6% 37,9% ,
,
. ,001.
.

96
 13.

. ?
.
1,6% 6,9% 4,2%
0% 7,8% 3,8%
8,2% 17,2% 12,6%
24,6% 30,2% 27,3%
65,6% 37,9% 52,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(56,7% : 47,5% ).
.

14.

. ?

5,1% 3,3% 4,2%
3,4% 4,2% 3,8%
15,3% 10,0% 12,6%
28,8% 25,8% 27,3%
47,5% 56,7% 52,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

:
69,2% - ; 63,2%
; 48,6% -
; 44,2% -
38,9% - .
=,010. .

97
 15.

. ?

2,8% 0% 22,2% 5,3% 3,9% 4,2%
4,2% 1,9% 0% 5,3% 5,2% 3,8%
13,9% 9,6% 22,2% 15,8% 10,4% 12,6%
30,6% 19,2% 16,7% 10,5% 36,4% 27,3%
48,6% 69,2% 38,9% 63,2% 44,2% 52,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(60%),
(51,1%)
(47,5%), 16.

16.

. ?

.
5,1% 6,7% 1,3% 4,2%
7,6% 0% 0% 3,8%
11,9% 13,3% 13,3% 12,6%
28,0% 28,9% 25,3% 27,3%
47,5% 51,1% 60,0% 52,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

98
 4.2.4
.

, ,
:
: 60,9%;
: 14,7%;
: 9,2%;
: 10,5%
: 4,6%.


1,7%
, 5,6% .

65% 59,6% .
(
13,3% 7,9% ).

17.

?
.

65,0% 59,6% 60,9%
11,7% 15,7% 14,7%
13,3% 7,9% 9,2%
8,3% 11,2% 10,5%
1,7% 5,6% 4,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ,
.

99
 18.

?

.
66,7% 61,3% 52,9% 63,6% 60,9%
14,3% 12,9% 21,4% 0% 14,7%
11,9% 9,7% 8,6% 0% 9,2%
6,0% 11,3% 12,9% 18,2% 10,5%
1,2% 4,8% 4,3% 18,2% 4,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(15,7%
, 8,3% , 5,1%
, , 0,9%
). =,001,
.

19.

?
.
.
58,7% 63,2% 60,9%
11,6% 17,9% 14,7%
5,8% 12,8% 9,2%
15,7% 5,1% 10,5%
8,3% 0,9% 4,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(13,6% , 6,7%
, 6,7%
, , 2,5% ).

100
 20.

?

.

62,7% 59,2% 60,9%
15,3% 14,2% 14,7%
11,9% 6,7% 9,2%
7,6% 13,3% 10,5%
2,5% 6,7% 4,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,

:

: 10,7% 8%
;
: 9,2% 4,2%

: 13,6% ,

, 21.

21.

?

. .
63,0% 56,8% 60,0% 60,9%
14,3% 25,0% 9,3% 14,7%
9,2% 4,5% 12,0% 9,2%
9,2% 13,6% 10,7% 10,5%
4,2% 0% 8,0% 4,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

101

- ,
: 9,6% - ; 5,6%
- ; 5,3%
; 2,7% - 2,7%
- ,
-


. 22.

22.

?

.
59,5% 57,7% 66,7% 78,9% 58,7% 60,9%
20,3% 9,6% 16,7% 0% 16,0% 14,7%
6,8% 9,6% 5,6% 5,3% 13,3% 9,2%
10,8% 13,5% 5,6% 10,5% 9,3% 10,5%
2,7% 9,6% 5,6% 5,3% 2,7% 4,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

102
 4.2.5 .

,
, ,
.
240:
: 13,4%;
: 12,2%;
: 34,9%;
: 15,1%
: 24,4%.

(26,4%)
(18,3%).
, 23.

23.

. ?

18,3% 11,8% 13,4%
13,3% 11,8% 12,2%
38,3% 33,7% 34,9%
11,7% 16,3% 15,1%
18,3% 26,4% 24,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,001. ,
21,5% 38%
, 8,5% 10,3%

(50,4%), .

103
 24.

. ?
.
12,4% 14,5% 13,4%
8,3% 16,2% 12,2%
19,8% 50,4% 34,9%
21,5% 8,5% 15,1%
38,0% 10,3% 24,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ,

(13,1% ),
(59,1%
).

25.

?
.


15,5% 19,4% 10,0% 0% 13,4%
19,0% 4,8% 11,4% 9,1% 12,2%
39,3% 25,8% 42,9% 18,2% 34,9%
13,1% 17,7% 15,7% 13,6% 15,1%
13,1% 32,3% 20,0% 59,1% 24,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

( ) ,
:
, ,

(20,2% 6,7% ),

(40,3% 29,3%). .

104
 26.

. ?

20,2% 6,7% 13,4%
11,8% 12,6% 12,2%
29,4% 40,3% 34,9%
14,3% 16,0% 15,1%
24,4% 24,4% 24,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(40,9% ),
(39,2%),
(30% ).

(18,2%),

(25% 27% ). (
) (6,8%),
(11,4%) ,
, (18,3%
).

27.

?
.
.
18,3% 11,4% 6,8% 13,4%
12,5% 11,4% 12,2% 12,2%
30,0% 40,9% 39,2% 34,9%
14,2% 18,2% 14,9% 15,1%
25,0% 18,2% 27,0% 24,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

-
,

105
 -
. : 31,4%
- ; 26,3%
; 24,3% - ; 21,1%
- 16,7% -
.

28.

?
.

8,1% 9,8% 5,6% 15,8% 22,4% 13,4%
10,8% 11,8% 27,8% 5,3% 11,8% 12,2%
43,2% 29,4% 44,4% 42,1% 26,3% 34,9%
13,5% 17,6% 5,6% 10,5% 18,4% 15,1%
24,3% 31,4% 16,7% 26,3% 21,1% 24,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

106
 4.2.6 .

, :
: 15,5%;
: 21,8%;
: 43,3%;
: 14,3%
: 5%.

, (52,5%
40,2% ),
(17,9%
8,5% ).

29.

. ?

8,5% 17,9% 15,5%
22,0% 21,8% 21,8%
52,5% 40,2% 43,3%
11,9% 15,1% 14,3%
5,1% 5,0% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(16,4 14,7%),
(49,1 37,7%).

107
 30.

. ?
.
16,4% 14,7% 15,5%
24,6% 19,0% 21,8%
37,7% 49,1% 43,3%
17,2% 11,2% 14,3%
4,1% 6,0% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(21%) (10,1%),

(16,8%
, 6,7% ,
11,8% 3,4% ).

31.

. ?

21,0% 10,1% 15,5%
19,3% 24,4% 21,8%
44,5% 42,0% 43,3%
11,8% 16,8% 14,3%
3,4% 6,7% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(50,7% )
(40,8%), (37,8%).
20% ,
5,5%
.
(=,023).

108
 32.

. ?
.
20,0% 20,0% 5,5% 15,5%
20,0% 20,0% 26,0% 21,8%
40,8% 37,8% 50,7% 43,3%
10,8% 22,2% 15,1% 14,3%
8,3% 0% 2,7% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
3,9% -
, 27,3% -
.
- ,
(10,5%).

(=,006).
,
.

33.

. ?

12,3% 3,9% 11,1% 15,8% 27,3% 15,5%
24,7% 29,4% 16,7% 21,1% 15,6% 21,8%
41,1% 37,3% 50,0% 26,3% 51,9% 43,3%
16,4% 19,6% 16,7% 26,3% 5,2% 14,3%
5,5% 9,8% 5,6% 10,5% 0% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

109
 4.2.7 .

:
: 3,4%;
: 8,5%;
:16,6%;
:28,1%
: 43,4%.

(44,9 38,6%). ,

(5,3% 2,8%
).
34.
. ?

5,3% 2,8% 3,4%
8,8% 8,4% 8,5%
19,3% 15,7% 16,6%
28,1% 28,1% 28,1%
38,6% 44,9% 43,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
(34,6%),
(68,2%). ,
(58,7% 27,2%
),
,
.

,001.
.

110
 35.
. ?
.
3,3% 3,5% 3,4%
5,0% 12,3% 8,5%
7,4% 26,3% 16,6%
25,6% 30,7% 28,1%
58,7% 27,2% 43,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

36.
?
.
0% 6,8% 5,4% 1,7% 3,4%
4,8% 5,1% 7,1% 17,2% 8,5%
3,2% 11,9% 17,9% 34,5% 16,6%
27,4% 23,7% 35,7% 25,9% 28,1%
64,5% 52,5% 33,9% 20,7% 43,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

24,8% 36,8% ,
31,4% , (50%) .

. ,

,
(50,7%).
(38,1%),
.

37.
?
.
.
3,4% 9,1% 0% 3,4%
9,3% 6,8% 8,2% 8,5%
21,2% 15,9% 9,6% 16,6%
28,0% 22,7% 31,5% 28,1%
38,1% 45,5% 50,7% 43,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

111
 ,
-
, , - .

,

. -

.
( )
.
=,006. , 38
.

38.

?
.

0% 0% 12,5% 5,3% 6,6% 3,4%
9,7% 3,8% 0% 10,5% 11,8% 8,5%
6,9% 11,5% 37,5% 21,1% 23,7% 16,6%
31,9% 30,8% 25,0% 15,8% 26,3% 28,1%
51,4% 53,8% 25,0% 47,4% 31,6% 43,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

112
 4.2.8
.

,
,
. ,
,

, .

, ,
.
240
:
: 48,3%;
: 15%;
: 20,4%;
: 11,3%
: 5%.

,

(46,7%
48,9% ,
13,3% 15,6% ).
(23,3%
, 19,4% ).
.

113
 39.
?
.

46,7% 48,9% 48,3%
13,3% 15,6% 15,0%
23,3% 19,4% 20,4%
11,7% 11,1% 11,3%
5,0% 5,0% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, , ,

, 21. 22. ,
.


.
,
.

40.
?
.
.
54,9% 41,5% 48,3%
17,2% 12,7% 15,0%
13,9% 27,1% 20,4%
9,0% 13,6% 11,3%
4,9% 5,1% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
.

114
 41.

?
.
51,6% 58,3% 39,0% 44,1% 48,3%
21,0% 13,3% 18,6% 6,8% 15,0%
14,5% 13,3% 27,1% 27,1% 20,4%
8,1% 10,0% 6,8% 20,3% 11,3%
4,8% 5,0% 8,5% 1,7% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(49,3% )
(48,9%) (47,5%), (
25,3% , 19,2%
15,6% ),

(
2,7% , 5% 8,9%
).
42.

?
.
.
47,5% 48,9% 49,3% 48,3%
14,2% 15,6% 16,0% 15,0%
19,2% 15,6% 25,3% 20,4%
14,2% 11,1% 6,7% 11,3%
5,0% 8,9% 2,7% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
-, -
,
.

115
 43.

?
.

48,6% 50,0% 50,0% 52,6% 45,5% 48,3%
12,2% 19,2% 27,8% 5,3% 14,3% 15,0%
21,6% 23,1% 16,7% 15,8% 19,5% 20,4%
10,8% 3,8% 0% 15,8% 18,2% 11,3%
6,8% 3,8% 5,6% 10,5% 2,6% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

116
4.2.9 .

,
,
:
: 14%;
: 14,9%;
: 27,2%;
: 18,7%
: 25,1%.


(36,8% 21,3%
), .

,
.
,
,
( )

(Trudgill 1972).

44.
?
.

8,8% 15,7% 14,0%
10,5% 16,3% 14,9%
26,3% 27,5% 27,2%
17,5% 19,1% 18,7%
36,8% 21,3% 25,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

117

.

,

.
,001.
.

45.

?
.
.
18,5% 9,5% 14,0%
20,2% 9,5% 14,9%
25,2% 29,3% 27,2%
22,7% 14,7% 18,7%
13,4% 37,1% 25,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
.

46.

?
.
17,7% 19,3% 5,2% 13,8% 14,0%
19,4% 21,1% 8,6% 10,3% 14,9%
19,4% 31,6% 24,1% 34,5% 27,2%
29,0% 15,8% 15,5% 13,8% 18,7%
14,5% 12,3% 46,6% 27,6% 25,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(: 14,8% , 20%
; : 22,5% 30% ).

118
 47.

?
.

16,5% 11,7% 14,0%
15,7% 14,2% 14,9%
33,0% 21,7% 27,2%
14,8% 22,5% 18,7%
20,0% 30,0% 25,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
,
.

48.

?
.
.
18,5% 9,5% 9,5% 14,0%
11,8% 21,4% 16,2% 14,9%
28,6% 31,0% 23,0% 27,2%
16,0% 14,3% 25,7% 18,7%
25,2% 23,8% 25,7% 25,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

.

(,001), -


.
,
. -
,

119

.

49.

?
.

18,3% 7,8% 0% 5,3% 19,7% 14,0%
12,7% 19,6% 0% 15,8% 17,1% 14,9%
22,5% 25,5% 11,1% 21,1% 38,2% 27,2%
26,8% 21,6% 22,2% 21,1% 7,9% 18,7%
19,7% 25,5% 66,7% 36,8% 17,1% 25,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

120
 4.2.10 / /,
.

:
: 3,4%;
: 6,4%;
: 17,8%;
: 18,2%
: 54,2%.

(
63,1% , 26,3% ). ,
,
. ,001.

50.

/ /, ?

.

5,3% 2,8% 3,4%
10,5% 5,0% 6,4%
33,3% 12,8% 17,8%
24,6% 16,2% 18,2%
26,3% 63,1% 54,2%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,

,
.

121
 51.

/ /, ?

.
7,3% 0% 2,9% 0% 3,4%
9,8% 3,2% 7,2% 0% 6,4%
30,5% 1,6% 18,8% 13,6% 17,8%
25,6% 20,6% 8,7% 13,6% 18,2%
26,8% 74,6% 62,3% 72,7% 54,2%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

75,4% 31,6%
.
32,5% 4,1%
.
,001.
.

52.

/ /, ?

.
.
3,3% 3,5% 3,4%
1,6% 11,4% 6,4%
4,1% 32,5% 17,8%
15,6% 21,1% 18,2%
75,4% 31,6% 54,2%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, .
, ,
,
,

. .

122
 53.

/ /, ?

.

3,4% 3,4% 3,4%
8,4% 4,3% 6,4%
16,8% 18,8% 17,8%
11,8% 24,8% 18,2%
59,7% 48,7% 54,2%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. .

54.

/ / ?
,
. . .
3,3% 4,5% 2,8% 3,4%
8,3% 6,8% 2,8% 6,4%
18,3% 20,5% 15,3% 17,8%
15,8% 13,6% 25,0% 18,2%
54,2% 54,5% 54,2% 54,2%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

- .

55.

/ / ?
,
. .
2,8% 2,0% 0% 10,5% 3,9% 3,4%
1,4% 5,9% 5,9% 5,3% 11,7% 6,4%
22,2% 7,8% 29,4% 15,8% 18,2% 17,8%
22,2% 23,5% 23,5% 5,3% 13,0% 18,2%
51,4% 60,8% 41,2% 63,2% 53,2% 54,2%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

123
 4.2.11 .

.
:
: 5,4%;
: 6,3%;
: 24,3%;
: 23,4%
: 40,6%.

,
. ,
20,3%
37,3% ,
24,4%,
41,7%.
56.
56.

?
.

3,4% 6,1% 5,4%
13,6% 3,9% 6,3%
25,4% 23,9% 24,3%
20,3% 24,4% 23,4%
37,3% 41,7% 40,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

.
(61% ),
,
.

124
 ,
,001.
,
: 25,4% , 54,9%
21,4% 25,6%
. ,
(35%
, 13,9%
). .

57.
?
.
.
2,5% 8,5% 5,4%
3,3% 9,4% 6,3%
13,9% 35,0% 24,3%
25,4% 21,4% 23,4%
54,9% 25,6% 40,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ,
, ,
,
.

58.

?
.
.
5,9% 4,4% 5,3% 5,4%
6,7% 6,7% 5,3% 6,3%
23,5% 28,9% 22,7% 24,3%
19,3% 28,9% 26,7% 23,4%
44,5% 31,1% 40,0% 40,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

125

- ,
- .

59.

?
.

2,7% 3,8% 0% 15,8% 7,8% 5,4%
4,1% 3,8% 16,7% 0% 9,1% 6,3%
24,7% 19,2% 33,3% 21,1% 26,0% 24,3%
28,8% 28,8% 16,7% 26,3% 15,6% 23,4%
39,7% 44,2% 33,3% 36,8% 41,6% 40,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

126
 4.2.12 .

,
:
: 13,3%;
: 11,2%;
: 35,2%;
: 20,6%
: 19,7%.

(38,6% 24,6%
),
(26,3%
21,1% ,
18,8%, 19,3%).

60.
. ?

14,0% 13,1% 13,3%
14,0% 10,2% 11,2%
24,6% 38,6% 35,2%
26,3% 18,8% 20,6%
21,1% 19,3% 19,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(26,9%),
(42,9%).
.


(14,7%),

127
 26,5%,
24,8% . =,005.
61.
. ?

16,4% 10,3% 13,3%
16,4% 6,0% 11,2%
37,9% 32,5% 35,2%
14,7% 26,5% 20,6%
14,7% 24,8% 19,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

.
,
,
,
.
62.

. ?
.
12,8% 16,3% 12,3% 13,3%
13,7% 9,3% 8,2% 11,2%
39,3% 34,9% 28,8% 35,2%
15,4% 20,9% 28,8% 20,6%
18,8% 18,6% 21,9% 19,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

- ,
- , -
,
- .
=,003.
.

128
 63.

?
.

16,9% 3,9% 11,1% 0% 20,3% 13,3%
9,9% 7,8% 11,1% 15,8% 13,5% 11,2%
32,4% 35,3% 16,7% 36,8% 41,9% 35,2%
26,8% 29,4% 16,7% 5,3% 13,5% 20,6%
14,1% 23,5% 44,4% 42,1% 10,8% 19,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

129
4.2.13
.

:
: 32,6%;
:10,9%;
: 21,3%;
: 17,6%
: 17,6%.

.
,
:
.
. .

64.
?

.
35,7% 38,1% 31,4% 9,1% 32,6%
13,1% 7,9% 11,4% 9,1% 10,9%
26,2% 17,5% 22,9% 9,1% 21,3%
9,5% 19,0% 18,6% 40,9% 17,6%
15,5% 17,5% 15,7% 31,8% 17,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
,001.
.

130
 65.
?

.

45,8% 19,8% 32,6%
14,4% 7,4% 10,9%
19,5% 23,1% 21,3%
11,9% 23,1% 17,6%
8,5% 26,4% 17,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

.
,001. 22,1% , 27%
, 12,8% , 7,7%
.
, .

66.
?

. .
28,7% 36,8% 32,6%
10,7% 11,1% 10,9%
11,5% 31,6% 21,3%
22,1% 12,8% 17,6%
27,0% 7,7% 17,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, .


. =,004.

131
 67.

?

. .
37,0% 44,4% 18,7% 32,6%
13,4% 11,1% 6,7% 10,9%
24,4% 13,3% 21,3% 21,3%
11,8% 20,0% 25,3% 17,6%
13,4% 11,1% 28,0% 17,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

- .

. ,001,

.
.
68.

?

.
24,3% 7,7% 27,8% 57,9% 52,6% 32,6%
8,1% 7,7% 16,7% 5,3% 15,8% 10,9%
23,0% 23,1% 27,8% 10,5% 19,7% 21,3%
24,3% 26,9% 11,1% 21,1% 5,3% 17,6%
20,3% 34,6% 16,7% 5,3% 6,6% 17,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

132
 4.2.14 ,
.

,
, ,
:
: 20,4%;
: 13,8%;
: 23,3%;
: 28,8%
: 13,8%.
.

.
,
(),

,
. .

69.
, ?

.

27,7% 13,2% 20,4%
16,8% 10,7% 13,8%
19,3% 27,3% 23,3%
23,5% 33,9% 28,8%
12,6% 14,9% 13,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

18,9% 8,5% ,
.

133
 70.
, ?

. .
18,0% 22,9% 20,4%
10,7% 16,9% 13,8%
24,6% 22,0% 23,3%
27,9% 29,7% 28,8%
18,9% 8,5% 13,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, .

71.

?
,
. .
23,3% 26,7% 12,0% 20,4%
12,5% 17,8% 13,3% 13,8%
22,5% 22,2% 25,3% 23,3%
25,8% 22,2% 37,3% 28,8%
15,8% 11,1% 12,0% 13,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
- ,
,
- -
.

72.

?
,
.
20,3% 13,5% 11,1% 26,3% 26,0% 20,4%
17,6% 5,8% 5,6% 15,8% 16,9% 13,8%
17,6% 28,8% 50,0% 26,3% 18,2% 23,3%
29,7% 40,4% 22,2% 15,8% 24,7% 28,8%
14,9% 11,5% 11,1% 15,8% 14,3% 13,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

134
 4.2.15 ,
.

.
,
,
.
. :
: 13,9%;
: 13%;
: 29%;
: 29,4%
:14,7%.

,
(40% , 25,8%
).
,
, , ,
. .

73.

, ?
.
8,3% 15,7% 13,9%
15,0% 12,4% 13,0%
21,7% 31,5% 29,0%
40,0% 25,8% 29,4%
15,0% 14,6% 14,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

135

,
.

26,5% ,
10,3% , 32,2% 19%
.
.
.
74.
, ?
.
8,1% 23,7% 11,9% 12,1% 13,9%
16,1% 8,5% 6,8% 20,7% 13,0%
30,6% 27,1% 23,7% 34,5% 29,0%
29,0% 23,7% 35,6% 29,3% 29,4%
16,1% 16,9% 22,0% 3,4% 14,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(27%
23% ).
(32,8% 13,4%
),
24,4% 4,4% .

75.
, ?
. .
15,1% 17,8% 9,5% 13,9%
11,8% 22,2% 9,5% 13,0%
26,9% 31,1% 31,1% 29,0%
32,8% 24,4% 27,0% 29,4%
13,4% 4,4% 23,0% 14,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

-
(22,7% , 6,7% ),
-

136
(44,4% 33,3% ).
- -

, .
76.
?
,
.
12,2% 9,6% 11,1% 21,1% 17,3% 13,9%
10,8% 11,5% 0% 10,5% 20,0% 13,0%
31,1% 28,8% 11,1% 21,1% 33,3% 29,0%
31,1% 32,7% 44,4% 26,3% 22,7% 29,4%
14,9% 17,3% 33,3% 21,1% 6,7% 14,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

137
 4.2.16 .

,
.
:

: 24,4%;

: 18%;

: 23,8%;

: 22,6%

: 10,9%.

,
.

77.

?
.

26,7% 24,0% 24,7%
20,0% 17,3% 18,0%
26,7% 22,9% 23,8%
18,3% 24,0% 22,6%
8,3% 11,7% 10,9%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

.
15,3% , 11,8%
, 36,4%
.

: 30,5% 9,3%

138
 : 14,9% 12,4% .
,
, 78.

78.

?
. .
24,8% 24,6% 24,7%
14,9% 21,2% 18,0%
19,0% 28,8% 23,8%
28,9% 16,1% 22,6%
12,4% 9,3% 10,9%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
.

79.

?
. .
21,7% 29,5% 26,7% 24,7%
15,8% 15,9% 22,7% 18,0%
22,5% 25,0% 25,3% 23,8%
27,5% 20,5% 16,0% 22,6%
12,5% 9,1% 9,3% 10,9%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
-.

80.
?
.

29,7% 23,5% 16,7% 21,1% 23,4% 24,7%
12,2% 27,5% 22,2% 10,5% 18,2% 18,0%
24,3% 21,6% 33,3% 21,1% 23,4% 23,8%
20,3% 19,6% 16,7% 31,6% 26,0% 22,6%
13,5% 7,8% 11,1% 15,8% 9,1% 10,9%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

139
 ( )
: 47,4%;
- 35,1%; -
33,8%; - 27,8% -
27,4%: ,
.

140
4.2.17
.

,
, .
:

: 10,9%;

: 13%;

: 23%;

: 26,4%

: 26,8%.
. ,
36,7% , 19,6%
. 28,3% , 21,2%
. 35%
59,3% .
=,002. .

81.

?
.

15,0% 9,5% 10,9%
21,7% 10,1% 13,0%
28,3% 21,2% 23,0%
26,7% 26,3% 26,4%
8,3% 33,0% 26,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
.

141
 82.

?

.

15,5% 9,5% 8,6% 4,5% 10,9%
21,4% 6,3% 11,4% 4,5% 13,0%
31,0% 15,9% 22,9% 13,6% 23,0%
20,2% 28,6% 28,6% 36,4% 26,4%
11,9% 39,7% 28,6% 40,9% 26,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
,
78,3%
.

83.

?
.
4,8% 6,7% 19,0% 13,6% 10,9%
12,9% 5,0% 20,7% 13,6% 13,0%
19,4% 10,0% 25,9% 37,3% 23,0%
30,6% 28,3% 22,4% 23,7% 26,4%
32,3% 50,0% 12,1% 11,9% 26,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,

.
,001.

84.

?
. .
5,7% 16,2% 10,9%
9,0% 17,1% 13,0%
14,8% 31,6% 23,0%
29,5% 23,1% 26,4%
41,0% 12,0% 26,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

142

,
,
(22,7% 34,4%
), (38,7% 16% ),
,
(20% 30,8% ).

85.

?
. .
10,8% 11,4% 10,7% 10,9%
12,5% 15,9% 12,0% 13,0%
25,8% 15,9% 22,7% 23,0%
20,0% 22,7% 38,7% 26,4%
30,8% 34,1% 16,0% 26,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
- ,
( )
-: 61,6%; -: 53,3%;
: 52,7%; -:44,4% -:
44,2%. .

86.

?

.
9,6% 17,3% 5,6% 10,5% 9,1% 10,9%
11,0% 13,5% 16,7% 5,3% 15,6% 13,0%
17,8% 25,0% 33,3% 31,6% 22,1% 23,0%
30,1% 26,9% 22,2% 21,1% 24,7% 26,4%
31,5% 17,3% 22,2% 31,6% 28,6% 26,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

143
4.2.18 .

,
. :

: 27,2%;

: 19,2%;

: 26,8%;

: 18,4%

: 8,4%.
,
,
(35,6%
23,9% ). 87.

87.

?
.

22,0% 28,9% 27,2%
20,3% 18,9% 19,2%
35,6% 23,9% 26,8%
16,9% 18,9% 18,4%
5,1% 9,4% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, (40,5%),
.

(34,2 19,7%), (24,6%
, 10,7% , 12%
6% ).

144
 =,021.
.

88.

?
.
.
26,2% 28,2% 27,2%
18,9% 19,7% 19,2%
19,7% 34,2% 26,8%
24,6% 12,0% 18,4%
10,7% 6,0% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

.
.

89.

?
.
31,1% 23,3% 27,2%
16,0% 22,5% 19,2%
29,4% 24,2% 26,8%
19,3% 17,5% 18,4%
4,2% 12,5% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(16%
5% ),
,

( : 24,4% 8,9% ; : 18,7%
13,3% ).
90.

145
 90.

?
. .
31,9% 26,7% 20,0% 27,2%
19,3% 20,0% 18,7% 19,2%
27,7% 20,0% 29,3% 26,8%
16,0% 24,4% 18,7% 18,4%
5,0% 8,9% 13,3% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, -
,

, ,
.
- , -
. - ,

,

.

91.

?
.

21,6% 21,2% 22,2% 36,8% 35,5% 27,2%
25,7% 17,3% 16,7% 21,1% 14,5% 19,2%
20,3% 25,0% 50,0% 26,3% 28,9% 26,8%
20,3% 26,9% 5,6% 10,5% 15,8% 18,4%
12,2% 9,6% 5,6% 5,3% 5,3% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

146
 4.2.19
.

,
6%:

: 1,7%;

: 4,2%;

: 9,2;

: 29,4%

: 55,4%.


.
=,007. 41,7%
60% .
16,7% , 6,7% .

10%
, 2,2% .

92.

?
.
1,7% 1,7% 1,7%
10,0% 2,2% 4,2%
16,7% 6,7% 9,2%
30,0% 29,4% 29,6%
41,7% 60,0% 55,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(14,1%),

147
 ,
.

93.

?

.

3,5% 0% 1,4% 0% 1,7%
7,1% 1,6% 4,3% 0% 4,2%
14,1% 4,8% 10,0% 0% 9,2%
29,4% 27,0% 28,6% 40,9% 29,6%
45,9% 66,7% 55,7% 59,1% 55,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

63,1% 47,5%
, 14,4%
, 4,1% .
=,015.

94.

?
.
.
0,8% 2,5% 1,7%
2,5% 5,9% 4,2%
4,1% 14,4% 9,2%
29,5% 29,7% 29,6%
63,1% 47,5% 55,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

.
(12,5%);
8,9%
4% .
(38,7%
54,7% ), (26,7%

148
54,2% ) (22%
60% ).

95.

?
.
.
,8% 4,4% 1,3% 1,7%
5,8% 4,4% 1,3% 4,2%
12,5% 8,9% 4,0% 9,2%
26,7% 22,2% 38,7% 29,6%
54,2% 60,0% 54,7% 55,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

- ,
, ,
.

96.

?
.
2,7% 1,9% 0% 0% 1,3% 1,7%
2,7% 3,8% 5,6% 0% 6,5% 4,2%
6,8% 3,8% 16,7% 5,3% 14,3% 9,2%
31,1% 36,5% 27,8% 15,8% 27,3% 29,6%
56,8% 53,8% 50,0% 78,9% 50,6% 55,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

149
 4.2.20
.

.
:

: 36,8%;

: 17,2%;

: 33,1%;

: 9,2%

: 3,8%.

( 11,9%
6,8% , 8,3%
2,8% ).

97.

?
.
22,0% 41,7% 36,8%
22,0% 15,6% 17,2%
37,3% 31,7% 33,1%
11,9% 8,3% 9,2%
6,8% 2,8% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ,
.

150
 98.

?

.

25,0% 47,6% 35,7% 54,5% 36,8%
15,5% 20,6% 20,0% 4,5% 17,2%
40,5% 25,4% 30,0% 36,4% 33,1%
14,3% 3,2% 10,0% 4,5% 9,2%
4,8% 3,2% 4,3% 0% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ,
, 50% , 19,7% ,
23,1%, 14,5%.
41%
, 25,4% .
, 2,5%
, 16,2% 5,1%
. ,001.
.

99.

?
. .
50,0% 23,1% 36,8%
19,7% 14,5% 17,2%
25,4% 41,0% 33,1%
2,5% 16,2% 9,2%
2,5% 5,1% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
.

151
 100.

?
.
39,0% 34,7% 36,8%
19,5% 14,9% 17,2%
30,5% 35,5% 33,1%
9,3% 9,1% 9,2%
1,7% 5,8% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

;

,

,

.
101.
?
. .
37,8% 40,0% 33,3% 36,8%
16,0% 28,9% 12,0% 17,2%
31,1% 26,7% 40,0% 33,1%
11,8% 2,2% 9,3% 9,2%
3,4% 2,2% 5,3% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

- (
, - ).
-
, (
) :

152
 -: 27,8%;
-: 16,3%;
: 10,6%;
-: 10,5%
-: 7,6%.

102.

?
.
33,8% 38,5% 16,7% 36,8% 43,4% 36,8%
16,2% 13,5% 16,7% 21,1% 19,7% 17,2%
33,8% 40,4% 38,9% 31,6% 26,3% 33,1%
12,2% 3,8% 16,7% 5,3% 9,2% 9,2%
4,1% 3,8% 11,1% 5,3% 1,3% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

153
 4.2.21 .

,
:

: 14,2%;

: 14,2%;

: 33,5%;

: 25,5%

: 12,6%.
.
,
.

103.

?

.

7,1% 19,0% 15,9% 22,7% 14,2%
12,9% 14,3% 18,8% 4,5% 14,2%
38,8% 34,9% 29,0% 22,7% 33,5%
29,4% 22,2% 23,2% 27,3% 25,5%
11,8% 9,5% 13,0% 22,7% 12,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, (39,3%
27,9% ).

104.

. ?
.
16,4% 12,0% 14,2%
12,3% 16,2% 14,2%
27,9% 39,3% 33,5%
28,7% 22,2% 25,5%
14,8% 10,3% 12,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

154

20,2% 7,6% , 30,8%
17,5% ).
=,002. .

105.

?
.

21,0% 7,5% 14,2%
17,6% 10,8% 14,2%
33,6% 33,3% 33,5%
20,2% 30,8% 25,5%
7,6% 17,5% 12,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

( 36,7% ), 22,2%
18,9%
. (
) 41,9% ; 40%,
35%. .

106.

?
. .
16,7% 13,3% 10,8% 14,2%
20,0% 8,9% 8,1% 14,2%
28,3% 37,8% 39,2% 33,5%
22,5% 28,9% 28,4% 25,5%
12,5% 11,1% 13,5% 12,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
, -
.

155
- (58,8%), -
(48%), - (44,6%),
(31,6%) , -
(22,1%).
=,026,
.
.

107.

?
.
12,2% 3,8% 0% 21,1% 24,7% 14,2%
13,5% 9,6% 5,9% 10,5% 20,8% 14,2%
29,7% 38,5% 35,3% 36,8% 32,5% 33,5%
29,7% 28,8% 41,2% 21,1% 16,9% 25,5%
14,9% 19,2% 17,6% 10,5% 5,2% 12,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

156
4.2.22 ,
.

: 67,4%;

: 11,3%;

: 13,8%;

: 3,8%

: 3,8%.

,
. ,
(
11,7% 6,2% ).

108.

?
, .
60,0% 69,8% 67,4%
15,0% 10,1% 11,3%
13,3% 14,0% 13,8%
5,0% 3,4% 3,8%
6,7% 2,8% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, .

, ,

(19,5%
8,3% ).

157
 76,9% (
57,6% ), 5,8% ( 1,7%
).
.
=,002. .

109.

?
, . .
76,9% 57,6% 67,4%
7,4% 15,3% 11,3%
8,3% 19,5% 13,8%
1,7% 5,9% 3,8%
5,8% 1,7% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(: 9,9%; :
5%).

,
- (
12,2% ) - ( 9,6% ).
- 5,6%,
- 3,9%,

. .

110.

?
,
.
63,5% 71,2% 50,0% 73,7% 71,1% 67,4%
13,5% 7,7% 16,7% 10,5% 10,5% 11,3%
10,8% 11,5% 27,8% 15,8% 14,5% 13,8%
4,1% 5,8% 5,6% 0% 2,6% 3,8%
8,1% 3,8% 0% 0% 1,3% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

158
 4.2.23 .

: 27,5%;

: 17,1%;

: 25,4%;

: 22,9%

: 7,1%.
,
(28,3%
6,7% , 21,1%
7,2%
).

111.

?
.
23,3% 28,9% 27,5%
11,7% 18,9% 17,1%
30,0% 23,9% 25,4%
28,3% 21,1% 22,9%
6,7% 7,2% 7,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
.

,
(30,5%
20,5% ).

159
 112.

?
. .
32,0% 22,9% 27,5%
18,0% 16,1% 17,1%
20,5% 30,5% 25,4%
23,8% 22,0% 22,9%
5,7% 8,5% 7,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ,
.

,
- ,
-.

113.

?
.
23,0% 25,0% 16,7% 26,3% 36,4% 27,5%
16,2% 19,2% 16,7% 15,8% 16,9% 17,1%
25,7% 25,0% 16,7% 21,1% 28,6% 25,4%
31,1% 21,2% 27,8% 26,3% 14,3% 22,9%
4,1% 9,6% 22,2% 10,5% 3,9% 7,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

160
4.2.24 ,
.

: 14,2%;

: 8,4%;

: 27,2%;

: 28,5%

: 21,8%.

,
(38,3%
23,5% ).

114.

, ?
.
6,7% 16,8% 14,2%
6,7% 8,9% 8,4%
38,3% 23,5% 27,2%
23,3% 30,2% 28,5%
25,0% 20,7% 21,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. 59% ,
40% .
=,007. .

161
 115.

, ?
. .
16,4% 12,0% 16,4%
7,4% 9,4% 7,4%
17,2% 37,6% 17,2%
32,8% 23,9% 32,8%
26,2% 17,1% 26,2%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
:

: 29,2% 30% ;

: 27,7% 13,4% .
=,008.

.

116.

, ?
.
19,3% 9,2% 14,2%
10,9% 5,8% 8,4%
28,6% 25,8% 27,2%
27,7% 29,2% 28,5%
13,4% 30,0% 21,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,

58,7%, 50%,
45%.

162
 117.

?
, . .
19,2% 13,6% 6,7% 14,2%
8,3% 11,4% 6,7% 8,4%
27,5% 25,0% 28,0% 27,2%
27,5% 25,0% 32,0% 28,5%
17,5% 25,0% 26,7% 21,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

- ,
, .
- ,
.
,001,
.
.
118.

?
, .
12,3% 5,8% 0% 15,8% 24,7% 14,2%
11,0% 1,9% 0% 10,5% 11,7% 8,4%
19,2% 32,7% 22,2% 15,8% 35,1% 27,2%
27,4% 34,6% 38,9% 21,1% 24,7% 28,5%
30,1% 25,0% 38,9% 36,8% 3,9% 21,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

163
4.2.25 ,
.

,
22
,
. :

: 66,4%;

: 13,4%;

: 14,3%;

: 4,6%

: 1,3%.

. .

119.

?
, .
53,3% 70,8% 66,4%
18,3% 11,8% 13,4%
20,0% 12,4% 14,3%
6,7% 3,9% 4,6%
1,7% 1,1% 1,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

53,3% ,
18,3%, 70,8% ,
11,8%.
20% ,
12,4% ,
6,7% 1,7%,
3,9% 1,1%.

164

.

(77,5%
10,8% ),
(55,1% 16,1% ).
, ,
. =,005.

120.

?
, . .
77,5% 55,1% 66,4%
10,8% 16,1% 13,4%
9,2% 19,5% 14,3%
1,7% 7,6% 4,6%
0,8% 1,7% 1,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
,
, , (8%
).
(6,6% ), (4,2%
).

121.

?
,
. .
66,1% 64,4% 68,0% 66,4%
14,4% 15,6% 10,7% 13,4%
15,3% 13,3% 13,3% 14,3%
3,4% 4,4% 6,7% 4,6%
0,8% 2,2% 1,3% 1,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

165
 , ( 0% )
,
-.

122.
?
,
.
65,8% 69,2% 44,4% 78,9% 67,1% 66,4%
13,7% 9,6% 22,2% 10,5% 14,5% 13,4%
15,1% 13,5% 11,1% 10,5% 15,8% 14,3%
4,1% 7,7% 16,7% 0% 1,3% 4,6%
1,4% 0% 5,6% 0% 1,3% 1,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

166
4.2.26
.

(
57,9%):

: 9,6%;

: 6,7%;

: 25,9%;

: 26,9%

: 31%.

. , 62,1%,
45%.
(36,7%
22,3%
). .

123.

?
.
10,0% 9,5% 9,6%
8,3% 6,1% 6,7%
36,7% 22,3% 25,9%
20,0% 29,1% 26,8%
25,0% 33,0% 31,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,

,
.

167
 124.

?

.
12,9% 7,9% 8,7% 4,5% 9,6%
8,2% 4,8% 7,2% 4,5% 6,7%
37,6% 25,4% 18,8% 4,5% 25,9%
21,2% 27,0% 33,3% 27,3% 26,8%
20,0% 34,9% 31,9% 59,1% 31,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
. ,
28,1% , 42,1%,
25,4% 19,5%.
,001.
.

125.

?
. .
6,6% 12,7% 9,6%
6,6% 6,8% 6,7%
16,5% 35,6% 25,9%
28,1% 25,4% 26,8%
42,1% 19,5% 31,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
. ,
, ,
3.4 .
=,024.
126.

168
 126.

?
.
14,3% 5,0% 9,6%
5,9% 7,5% 6,7%
28,6% 23,3% 25,9%
19,3% 34,2% 26,8%
31,9% 30,0% 31,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(
72%), (53,4%)
(51,2%), .

127.

?

. .
12,6% 11,1% 4,0% 9,6%
5,9% 11,1% 5,3% 6,7%
31,1% 24,4% 18,7% 25,9%
24,4% 26,7% 30,7% 26,8%
26,1% 26,7% 41,3% 31,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ,
-
,
:
-: 75%;
-: 72,2%;
: 63,2%;
-: 63%
-: 36,4%.

169
 (=,006).
128.

128.

?

.
6,8% 1,9% 5,6% 10,5% 18,2% 9,6%
8,2% 7,7% 5,6% 0% 6,5% 6,7%
21,9% 15,4% 16,7% 26,3% 39,0% 25,9%
32,9% 36,5% 38,9% 15,8% 14,3% 26,8%
30,1% 38,5% 33,3% 47,4% 22,1% 31,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

170
 4.2.27 .

57,4%. , :

: 14,8%;

: 8%;

: 19,8%;

: 29,1%

: 28,3%.

58,8%,
53,3%.

129.

. ?

13,3% 15,3% 14,8%
13,3% 6,2% 8,0%
20,0% 19,8% 19,8%
28,3% 29,4% 29,1%
25,0% 29,4% 28,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

28,1%,
37,2%, 30,2%
19% . (=,005),

171

. -

130.

?
.
.
15,7% 13,8% 14,8%
4,1% 12,1% 8,0%
14,9% 25,0% 19,8%
28,1% 30,2% 29,1%
37,2% 19,0% 28,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
.
48,3% , 66,4%
. =,025.
.

131.

. ?

21,2% 8,4% 14,8%
9,3% 6,7% 8,0%
21,2% 18,5% 19,8%
26,3% 31,9% 29,1%
22,0% 34,5% 28,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(
68,9%), (60%)
(49,2%).
132.

172
 132.

?
.
.
17,8% 17,8% 8,1% 14,8%
11,0% 6,7% 4,1% 8,0%
22,0% 15,6% 18,9% 19,8%
24,6% 31,1% 35,1% 29,1%
24,6% 28,9% 33,8% 28,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
:

-: 76,9%;

-: 76,5%;

-: 58,9%;

: 57,9%

-: 38,2%.
, -
- ,
- . ,

, ,

.
=,008

.
.

173
 133.

. ?

13,7% 1,9% 5,9% 10,5% 27,6% 14,8%
5,5% 7,7% 5,9% 5,3% 11,8% 8,0%
21,9% 13,5% 11,8% 26,3% 22,4% 19,8%
30,1% 42,3% 35,3% 15,8% 21,1% 29,1%
28,8% 34,6% 41,2% 42,1% 17,1% 28,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

174
 4.2.28 , .

, ,
54,8%.
:

: 17,1%;

: 7,7%;

: 19,7%;

: 24,8%

: 30,8%.

.
50,8% (28,8%
22% ), 57,1% (23,4%
33,7% ).

134.

, ?
.
16,9% 17,1% 17,1%
13,6% 5,7% 7,7%
18,6% 20,0% 19,7%
28,8% 23,4% 24,8%
22,0% 33,7% 30,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
.

175
 135.

, ?
.
18,5% 21,0% 15,9% 4,5% 17,1%
14,8% 4,8% 4,3% 0% 7,7%
25,9% 14,5% 18,8% 13,6% 19,7%
19,8% 21,0% 29,0% 40,9% 24,8%
21,0% 38,7% 31,9% 40,9% 30,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ,
, ,

(=,004). (),

18, 24 24
.
, ,
.

136.

?
,

.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
0% 13,0% 31,7% 7,7% 17,8% 0% 0% 33,3% 17,1%
0% 16,7% 8,3% 5,8% 2,2% 0% 0% 0% 7,7%
20,0% 27,8% 13,3% 28,8% 13,3% 12,5% 0% 0% 19,7%
40,0% 20,4% 13,3% 25,0% 33,3% 37,5% 100,0% 33,3% 24,8%
40,0% 22,2% 33,3% 32,7% 33,3% 50,0% 0% 33,3% 30,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

.
65,8%, 44,7%,
. (=,001),

176
 .
137.

137.

, ?
. .
14,2% 20,2% 17,1%
5,8% 9,6% 7,7%
14,2% 25,4% 19,7%
22,5% 27,2% 24,8%
43,3% 17,5% 30,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(
71,6%), (50%)
(47,4%).

138.

, ?
. .
20,7% 22,7% 8,1% 17,1%
9,5% 6,8% 5,4% 7,7%
22,4% 20,5% 14,9% 19,7%
18,1% 20,5% 37,8% 24,8%
29,3% 29,5% 33,8% 30,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
,

.
:

177
 -: 80,8%

-: 77,7%;

-: 61,3%;

-: 32,9%

: 31,6%.

,001,
.
.

139.
, ?
.
13,9% 0% 16,7% 31,6% 28,8% 17,1%
5,6% 7,7% 0% 0% 13,7% 7,7%
19,4% 11,5% 5,6% 36,8% 24,7% 19,7%
27,8% 42,3% 44,4% 5,3% 9,6% 24,8%
33,3% 38,5% 33,3% 26,3% 23,3% 30,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

178
 4.2.29
.

.
, :

: 5,9%;

: 4,6%;

: 16,9%;

: 24,1%

: 48,5%.

,
. 27,1%
, 35,6%,
23% , 52,8%.

140.

?
.
10,2% 4,5% 5,9%
6,8% 3,9% 4,6%
20,3% 15,7% 16,9%
27,1% 23,0% 24,1%
35,6% 52,8% 48,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
(20,2% 38,1%
),
( 28,6% ),

179
 (27,3%
63,6% ),
(4,5%).

141.

?

.
8,3% 3,2% 5,9% 4,5% 5,9%
4,8% 4,8% 5,9% 0% 4,6%
28,6% 6,3% 16,2% 4,5% 16,9%
20,2% 25,4% 26,5% 27,3% 24,1%
38,1% 60,3% 45,6% 63,6% 48,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

85,2%, 59,5%.

26,7% 7,4%
.
,001,


. .

142.

?
. .
4,1% 7,8% 5,9%
3,3% 6,0% 4,6%
7,4% 26,7% 16,9%
20,7% 27,6% 24,1%
64,5% 31,9% 48,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
, .

180
 .

143.

?
. .
6,8% 4,5% 5,3% 5,9%
5,9% 2,3% 4,0% 4,6%
24,6% 13,6% 6,7% 16,9%
20,3% 27,3% 28,0% 24,1%
42,4% 52,3% 56,0% 48,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,

,

- (27,5%
60,8% ) -
(16,7% 61,1% ),
- (28,8% 52,1%
). =,024

.

.

144.

?

.
5,5% 2,0% 0% 10,5% 9,2% 5,9%
1,4% 3,9% 5,6% 0% 9,2% 4,6%
12,3% 5,9% 16,7% 31,6% 25,0% 16,9%
28,8% 27,5% 16,7% 10,5% 22,4% 24,1%
52,1% 60,8% 61,1% 47,4% 34,2% 48,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

181
 4.2.30 .

: 31,9%;

: 21,8%;

: 29,8%;

: 10,9%

: 5,5%.

18,3%
6,7% ,
8,4% , 5,1%. .

145.

. ?

20,0% 36,0% 31,9%
25,0% 20,8% 21,8%
30,0% 29,8% 29,8%
18,3% 8,4% 10,9%
6,7% 5,1% 5,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ,

7,6% 1,7% , 14,2%
, 9,2%.

182
=,037,
.

146.

?
.
36,4% 27,5% 31,9%
22,9% 20,8% 21,8%
31,4% 28,3% 29,8%
7,6% 14,2% 10,9%
1,7% 9,2% 5,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(=,003), ,

()
.
(
43%),

.

147.

?
.
.
43,0% 20,5% 31,9%
19,0% 24,8% 21,8%
25,6% 34,2% 29,8%
6,6% 15,4% 10,9%
5,8% 5,1% 5,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ,
.

183

,
(13,3%
);
(13,3% 4,4% ),
8,5%, 0,8%.
.
=,010,

.

148.

?
. .
34,7% 40,0% 22,7% 31,9%
26,3% 15,6% 18,7% 21,8%
29,7% 26,7% 32,0% 29,8%
8,5% 13,3% 13,3% 10,9%
0,8% 4,4% 13,3% 5,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ,

(27,8% 5,6%
); -
(13,5% 11,5% )
- 15,1%
5,5%.
5,3%

,
- 2,6% ,
, , 1,3%
.

184

(=,003).
.

149.

?
.
42,5% 13,5% 16,7% 26,3% 39,5% 31,9%
13,7% 28,8% 16,7% 36,8% 22,4% 21,8%
23,3% 32,7% 33,3% 26,3% 34,2% 29,8%
15,1% 13,5% 27,8% 5,3% 2,6% 10,9%
5,5% 11,5% 5,6% 5,3% 1,3% 5,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

185
 4.3 2
4.3.1 :

) ) ) )

, , ,
.
80:

) : 35,9%;
) : 60,8%;
) : 2,1%
) : 1,3%.

, 28,3%
, 38,4% .
,
.

150.
: ) ) ?
) )
28,3% 38,4% 35,9%
65% 59,3% 60,8%
3,3% 1,7% 2,1%
3,3% 0,6% 1,3%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

80
. Vlahovi 1997: 123, :
(28%), (63%), (3,6%), (0,4%), 5%
. , ,

.

186
 .

,
. .

151.
: ) ) ?
) ) .
33,6% 38,1% 35,9%
63,9% 57,6% 60,8%
1,7% 2,5% 2,1%
0,8% 1,7% 1,3%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
,
.

152.
: ) ) ?
) )
45,3% 26,7% 35,9%
52,1% 69,2% 60,8%
1,7% 2,5% 2,1%
0,9% 1,7% 1,3%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,

(50,8% ),
(39,7% ),
(27,9% )
(25,4% ).

(44,9% ; 53,4% ; 0,8% 0,8% );
: 28,4%;
63,5%; 5,4% 2,7%,

187
 24,4% 75,6%.

.

153.

: ) ) ?
) ) .
44,9% 24,4% 28,4% 35,9%
53,4% 75,6% 63,5% 60,8%
0,8% 0% 5,4% 2,1%
0,8% 0% 2,7% 1,3%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ,
-,
,
- ,
-.
.

154.
: ) ?
) ) )

26,4% 25% 5,6% 47,4% 56,6% 35,9%
69,4% 67,3% 94,4% 52,6% 42,1% 60,8%
2,8% 5,8% 0% 0% 0% 2,1%
1,4% 1,9% 0% 0% 1,3% 1,3%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

188
 4.3.2 : / / /

81. :

: 47,1%;

: 44,5%;

: 7,6%

: 0,8%.

,
.

155.
: / / ?
/ .
46,6% 47,2% 47,1%
41,4% 45,6% 44,5%
8,6% 7,2% 7,6%
3,4% 0% 0,8%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

.
55,7% , 37,9%
. .

81
. Vlahovi 1997: 116,
() : (14%), (53%),
(24%), (3%) 5% .

189
 156.
: / / ?
/ . .
55,7% 37,9% 47,1%
39,3% 50% 44,5%
4,1% 11,2% 7,6%
0,8% 0,9% 0,8%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, - ;

(10% 5,1% ).

157.

: / / ?
/ .
46,6% 47,5% 47,1%
48,3% 40,8% 44,5%
5,1% 10% 7,6%
0% 1,7% 0,8%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. .

158.
: / / ?
/ . .
52,1% 40% 43,2% 47,1%
40,3% 53,3% 44,5% 44,5%
6,7% 6,7% 9,5% 7,6%
0,8% 0% 1,4% 0,8%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
- -
;
.

190
 159.
: / / ?
/ .
43,8% 53,8% 27,8% 42,1% 51,3% 47,1%
45,2% 42,3% 44,4% 52,6% 43,4% 44,5%
9,6% 3,8% 22,2% 5,3% 5,3% 7,6%
1,4% 0% 5,6% 0% 0% 0,8%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

191
 4.3.3 : / .

:
, 91,4% , 8,6%
82.

,
.

160.

: / . ?

84,2% 93,8% 91,4%

15,8% 6,3% 8,6%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(96,7%) ( 3,3%
),
85,7%,
14,3%. 161.

.

82 82
. Vlahovi 1997: 116,
() (47%),
(28%), 25% .

192
 161.

: / . ?

84,2% 93,8% 91,4%

15,8% 6,3% 8,6%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

: 89,9%, 10,1%;

: 93%, 7%

: 93%, 7%.
162.
: / . ?
.

89,9% 93% 93% 91,4%

10,1% 7% 7%
8,6%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
100% , /
,
163:

-: 94,4% / 5,6%;

-: 94% / 6%;

-: 88% / 12%

-: 77,8% / 22,2%.

193
 163.
: / . ?

94,4% 94% 77,8% 100% 88% 91,4%

5,6% 6& 22,2% 0% 12% 8,6%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

194
4.3.4 : / .

.
:

: 96,7%

: 3,3%.
, ,

; .

164.

: / . ?

91,7% 98,3% 96,7%

8,3% 1,7% 3,3%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. 165.

165.

: / . ?

97,5% 95,8% 96,7%

2,5% 4,2% 3,3%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

195


.

166.

: / . ?
.

95,8% 97,8% 97,3% 96,7%

4,2% 2,2% 2,7%
3,3%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, 100%
.
:

-: 98,7% 1,3% ;

-: 98,1% 1,9% ;

-: 94,6% 5,4%

-: 88,9% 11,1% .
167.
: / . ?

94,6% 98,1% 88,9% 100% 98,7% 96,7%

5,4% 1,9% 11,1% 0% 1,3% 3,3%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

196
4.3.5 :

,
83.
.

: 35,4%;

: 7,6%

: 57%.
,
.

, .
.

168.

: ?
)
)
) . .

) 41% 29,6% 35,4%

) 8,2% 7% 7,6%
) 50,8% 63,5% 57%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

83
. Vlahovi 1997: 117, ,
() , :
(38%), (4%),
(51%), 7% .

197

:
(38,1%)
(35,6%) (31,1%).

169.

: ?
)
)
) . .

) 38,1% 35,6% 31,1% 35,4%

) 7,6% 4,4% 9,5% 7,6%
) 54,2% 60% 59,5% 57%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,

,
,
, - .

170.
: ?
)
)
) .

) 31,1% 23,1% 38,9% 50% 44% 35,4%

) 8,1% 9,6% 5,6% 0% 8% 7,6%

) 60,8% 67,3% 55,6% 50% 48% 57%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

198
4.3.6 :

(40,2%)
84. .

: 13,4%;

: 40,2%;

: 28,9%

17,6%.
,
21,7%
, 10,6% ,
(19% 13,3%
).

171.

: ?

) 21,7% 10,6% 13,4%
) 36,7% 41,3% 40,2%
) 28,3% 29,1% 28,9%
) 13,3% 19% 17,6%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

84
. Vlahovi 1997: 117,
, , ,
: (17%), (43%),
(25%), (4%), 11% , ,
, .

199

,
.

,
, ,
11% 15,7% ,
15,3% 19,8%
. ,
(50%) (30,6%),
.
.

172.

: ?
.
) 13,1% 13,7% 13,4%
) 44,3% 35,9% 40,2%
) 26,2% 31,6% 28,9%
) 16,4% 18,8% 17,6%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

173.

: ?

) 11% 15,7% 13,4%
) 50% 30,6% 40,2%
) 23,7% 33,9% 28,9%
) 15,3% 19,8% 17,6%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
, ,
.
174.

200
 174.
: ?
.
) 12,6% 6,7% 18,7% 13,4%
) 42% 42,2% 36% 40,2%
) 29,4% 35,6% 24% 28,9%
) 16% 15,6% 21,3% 17,6%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

- (19,2%),
(31,6%),
.
.

175.
: ?

) 13,5% 19,2% 11,1% 0% 13,2% 13,4%
) 29,7% 36,5% 55,6% 31,6% 51,3% 40,2%
) 35,1% 30,8% 16,7% 36,8% 22,4% 28,9%
) 17,6%
21,6% 13,5% 16,7% 31,6% 13,2%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

201
 4.3.7
?

,
:

: 48,7%

: 51,3%.

,

.

176.

?
?

45,8% 49,7% 48,7%

54,2% 50,3% 51,3%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, . 35,4% , 64,6%
,
, , 68,2% , 31,8%
.
18, 19 20 , 21 24
.

,
.
.

202
 177.

?
?

61,7% 35,1% 48,7%

38,7% 64,9% 51,3%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
( ),
.

178.

?
?

35,7% 61,3% 48,7%

64,3% 38,7% 51,3%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

.
.

179.

?

?

77% 45,8% 44,8% 25% 48,7%

23% 54,2% 55,2% 75% 51,3%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

203


(68,1%), (48,9%)
(36,8%).

180.

?
?
.

36,8% 48,9% 68,1% 48,7%

63,2% 51,1% 31,9%

51,3%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
- (76,5%),
-

(50%). .

181.

?

?

58,9% 76,5% 50% 22,2% 25,7% 48,7%

41,1% 23,5% 50% 77,8% 74,3% 51,3%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

204
4.3.8 :

) ,

,

. .
:

) : 15,3%

) , : 84,7%.

21

.

.
.

182.

: ?

) 17,4% 13% 15,3%

) ,
82,6% 87% 84,7%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
21,7%
.

205
 183.
: ?

) 17,1% 13,4% 15,3%

) ,
82,9% 86,6% 84,7%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(19,2%)
(17,8%) (11,9%).

184.

: ?
.

) 11,9% 17,8% 19,2% 15,3%

) ,
88,1% 82,2% 80,8%
84,7%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. , -

,

(94,7%) -
(90,4%). .

185.
: ?

)
21,9% 9,6% 17,6% 5,3% 14,7% 15,3%

)
78,1% 90,4% 82,4% 94,7% 85,3% 84,7%
,

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

206
 4.3.9 :
) ) )

85. :

: 34,5%;

: 9,5%

: 56%.


(15,3%) (7,5%).
.

186.

: ?

35,6% 34,1% 34,5%

15,3% 7,5% 9,5%
49,2% 58,4% 56%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, :

: 23,3 % 45,7% ;

: 1,7% 17,2%

: 75% 37,1% .

85
. 2005, .
,
.

207
 187.
: ?
.

23,3% 45,7% 34,5%

1,7% 17,2% 9,5%
75% 37,1% 56%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(: 13,3%, : 5,4%
).
39,3% 30% ,

55,4% 56,7% .

188.

: ?

39,3% 30% 34,5%

5,4% 13,3% 9,5%
55,4% 56,7% 56%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
.
.

189.
: ?
.

44,7% 25,6% 24% 34,5%

8,8% 11,6% 9,3% 9,5%
46,5% 62,8 66,7% 56%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

208

- (
61,1% ),
- (71,2%) -
(63%). .
190.

: ?

23,3% 17,3% 61,1% 61,1% 45,1% 34,5%

13,7% 11,5% 5,6% 0% 7% 9,5%
63% 71,2% 33,3% 38,9% 47,9% 56%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

209
 4.3.10 :

) ) )

,
:

: 34,3%;

86: 63,5%

: 2,1%.
, ,
,
.

:
,
, .
:

: 43,5% 25,4% ;

: 55,7% 71,2%

: 0,9% 3,4% .
191.
: ?

43,5% 25,4% 34,3%

55,7% 71,2% 63,5%
0,9% 3,4% 2,1%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

86
. 2005, .
, ,
.

210

. , ,

(: 40,2%;
: 38,6%; : 22,2%),
(
: 56,4%; 61,4%; 76,4%).

192.

: ?
.

40,2% 38,6% 22,2% 34,3%

56,4% 61,4% 76,4% 63,5%
3,4% 0% 0,4% 2,1%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
-
,
. ,

- (86,5% ).

193.
: ?

26,4% 13,5% 35,3% 47,1% 53,3% 34,3%

70,8% 86,5% 58,8% 52,9% 44% 63,5%
2,8% 0% 5,9% 0% 2,7% 2,1%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

211
 4.3.11 : ) ) )

,
:

: 34,9%

: 4,6%

87: 60,5%.


,
. ,
:

: 39,7% 33,3% ;

: 5,2% 4,4%

: 55,2% 62,2%
.
194.
: ?

39,7% 33,3% 34,9%

5,2% 4,4% 4,6%
55,2% 62,2% 60,5%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. :

87
. 2005, . ,
.

212
 : 36,1% 33,6% ;

: 2,5% 6,9%

: 61,5% 59,5% .
195.
: ?
.

36,1% 33,6% 34,9%

2,5% 6,9% 4,6%
61,5% 59,5% 60,5%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,

.

196.
: ?
.

39% 31,1% 30,7% 34,9%

3,4% 2,2% 8% 4,6%
57,6% 66,7% 61,3% 60,5%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
; -

, ()

. .

213
 197.
: ?

40,5% 26,9% 11,8% 36,8% 29,5% 34,9%

1,4% 5,8% 23,5% 5,3% 2,6% 4,6%
58,1% 67,3% 64,7% 57,9% 57,9% 60,5%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

214
4.3.12 : ) )

) : 83,8%

) : 16,2%.

82,1%,
17,9%,
84,3%, 15,7% .

198.

: ?

) 82,1% 84,3% 83,8%

) 17,9% 15,7% 16,2%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

.
:
(
88)
, 90,8%
76,5% , 9,2% 23,5% .

199.

: ?
.

) 90,8% 76,5% 83,8%

) 9,2% 23,5% 16,2%

88
.
, , 2014.
.
.

215
 : ?
.

) 90,8% 76,5% 83,8%

) 9,2% 23,5% 16,2%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

89
.
,
(88,3%) (78,9%)
.

200.

: ?

) 78,9% 88,3% 83,8%

) 21,1% 11,7% 16,2%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,

. , -

.
.

201.

: ?

) 91,9% 89,5% 84,5% 68,4% 83,8%

) 8,1% 10,5% 15,5% 31,6% 16,2%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

89
.
, 2016.

216

, ,

, 81%
, 19% ;
, 86,7% , 13,3%
86,3% 13,7% .

202.

: ?
.

) 81% 86,7% 86,3% 83,8%

) 19% 13,3% 13,7% 16,2%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
(94,7%),
- (91,8%), -
(82%), - (79,7%)
- (61,1%).

203.

: ?

) 91,8% 82% 61,1% 94,7% 79,7% 83,8%

) 8,2% 18% 38,9% 5,3% 20,3% 16,2%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

217
 4.3.13 : / ?

; 90
:

: 86,9%

: 13,1%.

:
.

204.

: ?

80,8% 88,9% 86,9%

19,2% 11,1% 13,1%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

:
(
)
(94,4 79,2%). 205.

90 90
. Vlahovi 1997: 122,
(25%),
(27%), 48% .
:
(12%), (31%),
57% .

218
 205.

: ?
.

94,4% 79,2% 86,9%

5,6% 20,8% 13,1%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

( 87,9%
, 86,1% ).

.
.

206.

: ?
.

83,8% 90% 89,9% 86,9%

16,2% 10% 10,1% 13,1%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
-
(92,9%) - (89,1%).
-
(58,8%
). 207.

219
 207.

: ?

92,9% 89,1% 41,2% 87,5% 90,8% 86,9%

7,1% 10,9% 58,8% 12,5% 9,2% 13,1%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

220
4.3.14
? /

35,4%

64,6%.

,
.

208.

?
?

37,9% 34,6% 35,4%

62,1% 65,4% 64,6%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
, (40,2%
30,4% ),
.

209.

?
? .

40,2% 30,4% 35,4%

59,8% 69,6% 64,6%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

221

. ,

56,5% ,
23,3% . -
.

210.

?

?

56,5% 23,3% 29,8% 31% 35,4%

43,5% 76,7% 70,2% 69% 64,6%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
:

27,1% 72,9%

43,7% 56,3%.
,
.

.


: : 31,7%; : 37,8%
: 40,3%.
211.

222
 211.

?
? .

31,7% 37,8% 40,3% 35,4%

68,3% 62,2% 59,7%

64,6%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,

- (58% ),
- (50%), - (36,5%), -
(20,8%)
(16,7%).

212.

?

?

36,5% 58% 50% 16,7% 20,8% 35,4%

63,5% 42% 50% 83,3% 79,2% 64,6%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

223
 4.3.15
? /

,
. ,

, :

: 25,8%

: 74,2%.

,
(27,4%)
(21,1%) .
213.

213.

?

?

21,1% 27,4% 25,8%

78,9% 72,6% 74,2%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,

.

(
32,8% , 18,4%).
214.

224
 214.

?

? .

32,8% 18,4% 25,8%

67,2% 81,6% 74,2%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

(31,1% )
(20,5%). .

215.

?

?

20,5% 31,1% 25,8%

79,5% 68,9% 74,2%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

,
,
,
. ,

.
, ,
216:

: 43,5%;

: 21,7%;

17,5%

: 19,3%.

225
 216.

?


?

43,5% 21,7% 17,5% 19,7% 25,8%

56,5% 78,3% 82,5% 80,7% 74,2%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

37,8% .
30,6%,


18,5% .

217.

?

? .

18,5% 37,8% 30,6% 25,8%

81,5% 30,6% 69,4% 74,2%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

-
(40%), , 91
- .

218.

91
. , 2011.

226
 218.

?

?

28,4% 40% 22,2% 22,2% 15,8% 25,8%

71,6% 60% 77,8% 77,8% 84,2% 74,2%

100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

227
 4.4

1 - .

30 92 : ,
, , ,
. 0.0593
1016,
, ,
. ,

: ,
, , ( 4.4.1
4.4.6). , ,
,

(30 1)
.

92

, ,
, (
, , ).
93
, ,05,
, 1.

228
 4.4.1

1. / /,
- 25,488,
4, 0,05 (,001)

.

2.
- 17,088, 4,
0,05 (=,002)
.

3.
- 14,176, 4,
0,05 (=,007)
.

229
 4.4.2

1. -
14,768, 4, 0,05 (=,005)

.

2.
- 30,648,
4, 0,05 (,001)

.

3. ,
- 11,875,
4, 0,05 (=,018)

.

4. -
16,978, 4, 0,05 (=,002)

.

5. ,
- 13,921, 4,
0,05 (=,008)

.

6.
- 11,204, 4,
0,05 (=,024)

230

.

7. - 11,158,
4, 0,05 (=,025)

.

8. -
10,196, 4, 0,05 (=,037)

.

231
 4.4.3

( ,
, )
21 30
,
.
.

1. - 29,587,
4, 0,05 (,001)

.

2. - 26,635,
4, 0,05 (,001)

.

3.
- 18,433,
4, 0,05 (=,001)

.

4. -
44,665, 4, 0,05 (,001)


.

5. -
30,255, 4, 0,05 (=,037)

232

.

6.
- 23,339, 4, 0,05
(,001)

.

7. / /,
- 57,324,
4, 0,05 (,001)

.

8.
- 31,632, 4,
0,05 (,001)

.

9.
- 28,244,
4, 0,05 (,001)

.

10.
- 36,162, 4,
0,05 (,001)

.

11. -
11,534, 4, 0,05 (=,021)

233


.

12.
- 12,412, 4,
0,05 (=,015)

.

13.
- 30,535, 4,
0,05 (,001)

.

14. ,
- 17,524,
4, 0,05 (=,002)

.

15. ,
- 14,186, 4,
0,05 (=,007)

.

16. ,
- 15,094, 4,
0,05 (=,005)

.

234
 17.
- 20,747, 4,
0,05 (,001)

.

18. - 14,906,
4, 0,05 (=,005)

.

19. ,
- 19,276, 4,
0,05 (=,001)

.

20.
- 29,446, 4,
0,05 (,001)

.

21. -
16,009, 4, 0,05 (=,003)


.

235
 4.4.4

1. -
17,742, 8, 0,05 (=,023)

.

2.
- 22,772,
8, 0,05 (=,004)

.

3. -
20,195, 8, 0,05 (=,010)

.

236
 4.4.5

1. - 32,066,
16, 0,05 (=,010)

.

2. -
33,509, 16, 0,05 (=,006)

.

3. -
33,840, 16, 0,05 (=,006)

.

4.
- 41,316, 16, 0,05
(,001)
.

5. -
35,798, 16, 0,05 (=,003)

.

6.
- 57,474,
16, 0,05 (,001)

.

237
 7. -
28,722, 16, 0,05 (=,026)

.

8. ,
- 42,701, 16,
0,05 (,001)

.

9.
- 33,737, 16,
0,05 (=,006)

.

10. - 32,810,
16, 0,05 (=,008)

.

11. ,
- 53,394, 16,
0,05 (,001)
.

12.
- 28,978, 16,
0,05 (=,024)

.

13. -
35,734, 16, 0,05 (=,003)

238

.

239
 4.4.6

. (18
, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 24 ),
18, 24 24 ,
.

,
.

1. ,
- 51,471, 28,
0,05 (=,004)
.

240
 4.4.7

,
, .


.

Metod multivarijacione analize koja se koristi za opis

meusobne zavisnosti velikog broja promenljivih korienjem
manjeg broja osnovnih, ali neopaljivih sluajnih promenljivih
poznatih kao faktori, naziva se faktorska analiza (Kovai 1994:
215).
,

1 (30 )
,
.

. ,
30 1,
8 , 3
, .
17,
18.

19 (
, . ).
,
.
, .
19,
.

241
 1. .

,
,
,

. , , ,
, ,
,
,
(
19
1).

2. .

.

,
.
19
2. , , ,
, ,
/, , .

3. .

( 19,
3)
,
, -
.
,

242
,
, ,
, ,
,
.

,
,
.

243
 4.5

,
. ,
(
, ).

4.5.1

1. , , ,
, , , .

, ,
, , ,
,
.
, ,
, .

, ,
(). , ,
, ,
. , -
, ,
(). , , ,
(). ().
, , ().
, ().

244
 2. ,
.

,
.
,
, -
, . .

. ,
, ,
().
(). , ;
().
(). . ,
().
.
,
(). , ,
(). ,
(). ,
, ().
, ,
().
;
,
().

3. ,
.

,
. , , ,

245

.

,
(). ,

(). .
,
, ,
().

, :
- -
,
.

().
,
, ,
(). , ,
(). ().
,
, ().

4. , ,
.

,
, , .

.

246
 , ,
, ,
().
().

5.

.

- ;
:
,
, -: ,
, . ,
,
.

. ,
, .
().
, .

().
, ().

6. .

,

,
(Kerswill 2003),
.

? a a, .

247
 4.5.2

1.
,
, , , , - ,
,
.

: ,
, ,
.
,
,
, ,

.
( ,
).

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- ,
:
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248

( 2),
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: : 34,3%; :
63,5% : 2,1%

: : 34,5%; :
9,5% : 56%.
.
,
,
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,
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249

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250
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251
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3. .

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94
,
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(. Cote, Clement 1994: 237).

252
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4.5.3

1.
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,
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253
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254
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2.

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255
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3.

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256
 4.6 :

1
,
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,

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, 240
30 (15).


,
.

,
(- )

.

257
 214.

1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
; 5
( : ;
)
1 2 3 4 5




1. 28,6% 14,7% 30,7% 17,6% 8,4%
.
2. . 12,6% 10,5% 27,3% 26,1% 23,5%
3. . 4,2% 3,8% 12,6% 27,3% 52,1%

4. 60,9% 14,7% 9,2% 10,5% 4,6%
.

5. 13,4% 12,2% 34,9% 15,1% 24,4%
.
6. . 15,5% 21,8% 43,3% 14,3% 5%

7. 3,4% 8,5% 16,6% 28,1% 43,4%
.

8. 48,3% 15% 20,4% 11,3% 5%
.

9. 14% 14,9% 27,2% 18,7% 25,1%
.
/ /,
10. 3,4% 6,4% 17,8% 18,2% 54,2%
.

11. 5,4% 6,3% 24,3% 23,4% 40,6%
.
12. . 13,3% 11,2% 35,2% 20,6% 19,7%

13. 32,6% 10,9% 21,3% 17,6% 17,6%
.

14. , 20,4% 13,8% 23,3% 28,8% 13,8%
.
,
15. 13,9% 13% 29% 29,4% 14,7%
.

16. 24,4% 18% 23,8% 22,6% 10,9%
.

17. 10,9% 13% 23% 26,4% 26,8%
.

18. 27,2% 19,2% 26,8% 18,4% 8,4%
.

19. 1,7% 4,2% 9,2% 29,4% 55,4%
.

20. 36,8% 17,2% 33,1% 9,2% 3,8%
.

21. 14,2% 14,2% 33,5% 25,5% 12,6%
.

22. , 67,4% 11,3% 13,8% 3,8% 3,8%
.

23. 27,5% 17,1% 25,4% 22,9% 7,1%
.

24. 14,2% 8,4% 27,2% 28,5% 21,8%
, .

25. 66,4% 13,4% 14,3% 4,6% 1,3%
,

258
 .

26. 9,6% 6,7% 25,9% 26,9% 31%
.
27. . 14,8% 8% 19,8% 29,1% 28,3%
,
28. 17,1% 7,7% 19,7% 24,8% 30,8%
.

29. 5,9% 4,6% 16,9% 24,1% 48,5%
.

30. 31,9% 21,8% 29,8% 10,9% 5,5%
.

259
 4.6.1 1.

,
, .

,
, ,
,
, ,
.

.
, , .
75%
:

,
,
, .

,
, , ,
,
, ,
().
,
,
. (Petrovi 2009: 140,

260
144),
, ,
,
.

.

,
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,
,

.
,
,
- .

,
, ,
(Baker 1992: 819),
, ,
.
(Bordens, Horowitz
2008),

.

,
(

261
 ) 9 10
, ,
, .

20.

,
. Kognitivna komponenta stava posebno je zanimljiva za
izuavanje stavova uopte, pa time i onih o jeziku, budui da je stvaranje stereotipa
direktno vezano za ovu komponentu (Vlahovi 1997: 63).

,
. , ,

,
,
,
,
.

:

.

.
,
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262

,
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21.

. (Vlahovi 1997:
66) ,
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:
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263
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22.

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: ,
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(),
(),
().

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264
 4.6.2 2.

3.6 .
,

.
,
(Labov 1969: 30).
, .

,
(
),
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(
)
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/ /,

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265


.

,
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266
 .
, 23.

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24.

267
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, 25.

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, (.

268
overt) (Labov 1990: 210, . : Milroy
2001: 533).
, (Labov 1969: 3031) :

,
:
,
,

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,
,
.



. 95
, (Holmes 1992)
. ,


;
, ;

96, ,
. (Lakoff 2004)
(. linguistic inbalance)
(. womens language mens language),
, , , .

95
When we examine the full spectrum of stylistic behavior for men and women, it appears that
the crucial differences lie in the steeper slope of style shifting for women: in all but the lowest status
group fhey may actually use more of a non-standard form in their casual speech than men, but in formal
styles they shift more rapidly and show an excess of hypercorrect behavior at that end of the scale.
Furthermore, women respond in a much more extreme fashion to subjective reaction tests than men, and
are far more prone to stigmatize non-standard usage. The overall picture of women's behavior fits in with
the general sociolinguistic principle stated above--that those who use more non-standard forms in their
own casual speech will be most sensitive to those forms in the speech of others. .
96
. Trudgill 1972.

269
 (. L. Milroy, Magrain 1980; Ladegaard 2000)

.

270
 4.6.3 3.

,
(
),
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26

.

271

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27.

272

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28

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273
 4.6.4 4.

(, )
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274
 .
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(Bugarski 1997: 2425) ,
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275
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32.

276
 4.6.5 4.

4 ,
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29, 30 31.

(
) ,

97; ,
, ,

(. affective involvement, Kaplan 1972).

97

. Kaplan 1972.

277


.

, 24,2% ,
10% , 11% 6,8%

, .


85,2%, 59,5%.
,
,
.

/ /,

75,4%
31,6% .

32,5% 4,1% .
,

,
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278

, .

,

.


22,1% , 27%
, 12,8% , 7,7%
.
: 63,1% 47,5%
. ,
:
65,8%,
44,7%, .

34,4%, 12,1%.

.

.

,

,
.
65,6% 37,9%
,
, .

279

,
21,5% 38% ,
8,5% 10,3%
(50,4%).

:
70,5%, 35,1%.
.

,
(Milroy 2001),
,

.

,
4,
.

(15,7%
, 8,3% , 5,1%
, , 0,9%
),
.

280

.

,
, , 69,7%,
37,6%.

,

.

281
 4.6.6 5.

, .

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282

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283
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34.

284
 4.6.7 6.

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.

285

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de
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. -
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, . 35 .

286

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287
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37.

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288
 4.6.8 6.

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de iure de facto
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289


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-
, ,

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, ,
- ,

.

,
-:
: 27,8%
; 27,3% - ; 27,5%
- ; 22,2% -
16,2% - .

.

:
69,2% - ; 63,2%
; 48,6% -
; 44,2% -
38,9% - .

290
 .
-
.
: 31,4% - ;
26,3% ; 24,3% -
; 21,1% -
16,7% - .

/ /,
.

- , 84,3%
,
.

.

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.


- , -
,
- .

- .

,
.

291
 -
- .

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-
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- ,
,

.

,
, -
.
- (58,8%), -
(48%), - (44,6%),
(31,6%) , -
(22,1%).

: ,
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- .

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,
: -: 76,9%; -: 76,5%; -
: 58,9%; : 57,9% -: 38,2%.
,

292
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.

,
-
(71,2%) - (63%). ,

(86,5%)
.

-


.
.

,

- (58% ),
- (50%), - (36,5%), -
(20,8%)
(16,7%).

: -: 40%; -: 28,4%;

293
-: 22,2%; : 22,2% -:
15,8% .

294
 5.

5.1

.
- ,


,
,
, .

,
,
.

,
,
(Baker 1992; Cargile 2002; Cargile, Giles 1997; Cargile et al. 1994;
Dragojevi, Giles, Watson. 2013; Edwards 1999; Garrett 2001, 2007, 2010; Giles,
Billings 2004; Giles, Marlow 2011; Giles, Raki 2014). :

(Vlahovi 1989, 1990,
1997; Kovaevi 2004, 2005; 2005; 2009; Relji 2011;
2011; 2011; , 2011),

.
. , . . (Petrovi
2009; Filipovi 2009; Filipovi, Vuo 2012), (Woolard,

295
Schieffelin 1994; Lippi-Green 1997; Schieffelin et al. 1998; Milroy 2001; Blommaert
2006; Gal 2006).

,
, ,
,
.

,
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: (1)
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296
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4.6 .

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1.
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297
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) 9 10
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298
 :
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(),
(),
().

,
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2.
.

,
,
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(Labov 1969; Holmes 1992; Lakoff 2004).

,
,
,

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.

299
 ,
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:
,
. , <,05
: 1. /
/,
(,001); 2.
(=,002); 3.
(=,007).
4.4.1
,
, 4.6.2 2.

3.
.

:
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300

,

.

, (
)
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,



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0,05.
4.4.2 .

: 1. (=,005); 2.

301

(,001); 3.
,
(=,018) ; 4. (=,002); 5.
, (=,008);
6.
(=,024); 7.
(=,025); 8. (=,037).

, 4.6.3 3.

4.
(,
) (, ).

,
.

,

.

,


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,
.

.
,

302
 ,
. ,
;
;
;

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.
(Bugarski 1997: 2425) ,
, , , .

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303
 .
;
;
.

, 21
30 .

4.6.4 4 4.6.5 4,


4.4.3 .

: 1.
(,001); 2.
(,001); 3.
(=,001); 4.
(,001); 5.
(=,037); 6.
(,001); 7. / /,
(,001); 8.
(,001); 9.

(,001); 10.
(,001); 11.
(=,021); 12.
(=,015); 13.
(,001); 14.
,
(=,002);15. ,
(=,007); 16.
, (=,005); 17.

304

(,001); 18. (=,005); 19.
, (=,001);
20.
(,001); 21. (=,003).

.
4.
.
. ,

,
.

,
.

,
;
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(. affective involvement).


.

305


, 24,2% ,
10% , 11% 6,8%

, .


85,2%, 59,5%.
,
,
.

/ /,

75,4%
31,6% .

32,5% 4,1% .
,

,
.

,

.


22,1% , 27%

306
, 12,8% , 7,7%
.
: 63,1% 47,5%
. ,
:
65,8%,
44,7%, .

34,4%, 12,1%.

.

.

,

,
.
65,6% 37,9%
,
, .

,
21,5% 38% ,
8,5% 10,3%
(50,4%).

307

:
70,5%, 35,1%.
.

,
(Milroy 2001),
,

.

,
4,
.

(15,7% ,
8,3% , 5,1%
, , 0,9% ),
.

.

,
, , 69,7%,
37,6%.

308

.

5.
,
.

,


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(
),
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309


.

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310
 ,
.
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6.
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de
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. -
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311



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, (
60%).

- ,

312


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de
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313

-
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4.6.7 6 4.6.8 7,
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4.5 .

,
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1. , , , ,
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314
 , ,
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3. ,
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4. , ,
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315
 5.

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6. .

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(Kerswill 2003),
.

? a a, .

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1.
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316
 : ,
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2. , .

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. 2.1.3.1
,

317
 ,
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3. .

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, .

.
, .
1.
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2.

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318
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(60,8%),
.
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.
,
,
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. ,
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,
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319
 : / / /
,
(47,1%) (44,5%).
,
.
55,7%
, 37,9% . ,
- ,
.
,
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: :
/ ,
, 91,4%
, 8,6% .

(96,7%) ( 3,3% ),

85,7%, 14,3%.
.

.
, 100%
,
- , 77,8%
.

: /
96,7% , 3,3%.
, ,

(98,3 91,7%).

320
 (97,5 95,8%).
.
, 100%
, 11,1%
- .

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(57%), 35,4%
7,6%
.
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.

,

,
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: ) (13,4%); )
(40,2%); ) (28,9%) )
(17,6%). ,
21,7%
, 10,6% ,
(19% 13,3%
).

321
, .
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, ,
11% 15,7% ,
15,3% 19,8% .
,
, ,
.
- (19,2%),
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?
48,7%, 51,3%.
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.
,
.
,
( ).

,
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322

(84,7%),
(15,3%).
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.
,
21,7%
.
(19,2%)
(17,8%) (11,9%).

. , -

,

(94,7%) - (90,4%).

,
, .
: (34,5%);
(9,5%) (56%).

(15,3%)
(7,5%).

,
.
.
,

.
-

323
 ( 61,1% ),
- (71,2%) -
(63%).

: ) , )
)
4,3%; : 63,5% : 2,1%.
, ,
,
.
:
,
, .

. , ,

,
.

- (86,5% ).

,
(34,9%); (4,6%), , (60,5%).


,
.
.

.
,

. ,

324
 ;
-
,
()
.

: )
: 83,8% ) : 16,2%.
.
: (
) ,
90,8%
76,5% , 9,2% 23,5% .
,
(88,3%) (78,9%).
,
,

. ,

(94,7%), - (91,8%),
- (82%), - (79,7%)
- (61,1%).

: / ? ;
: 86,9% : 13,1%.
:
.
:
( )
(94,4
79,2%).

325
.
.
,
- (92,9%)
- (89,1%). -

(58,8% ).

, .

? 35,4% ,
64,6%.
.
(40,2% 30,4% ).

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26,7% 29,2% 28,6%
10,0% 16,3% 14,7%
36,7% 28,7% 30,7%
16,7% 18,0% 17,6%
10,0% 7,9% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

11,9% 12,8% 12,6%
11,9% 10,1% 10,5%
35,6% 24,6% 27,3%
27,1% 25,7% 26,1%
13,6% 26,8% 23,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

6,9% 3,3% 4,2%
8,6% 2,2% 3,8%
15,5% 11,7% 12,6%
27,6% 27,2% 27,3%
41,4% 55,6% 52,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

65,0% 59,6% 60,9%
11,7% 15,7% 14,7%
13,3% 7,9% 9,2%
8,3% 11,2% 10,5%
1,7% 5,6% 4,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

18,3% 11,8% 13,4%
13,3% 11,8% 12,2%
38,3% 33,7% 34,9%
11,7% 16,3% 15,1%
18,3% 26,4% 24,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

348
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8,5% 17,9% 15,5%
22,0% 21,8% 21,8%
52,5% 40,2% 43,3%
11,9% 15,1% 14,3%
5,1% 5,0% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

5,3% 2,8% 3,4%
8,8% 8,4% 8,5%
19,3% 15,7% 16,6%
28,1% 28,1% 28,1%
38,6% 44,9% 43,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
46,7% 48,9% 48,3%
13,3% 15,6% 15,0%
23,3% 19,4% 20,4%
11,7% 11,1% 11,3%
5,0% 5,0% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
8,8% 15,7% 14,0%
10,5% 16,3% 14,9%
26,3% 27,5% 27,2%
17,5% 19,1% 18,7%
36,8% 21,3% 25,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

/ /, ?
.
5,3% 2,8% 3,4%
10,5% 5,0% 6,4%
33,3% 12,8% 17,8%
24,6% 16,2% 18,2%
26,3% 63,1% 54,2%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
3,4% 6,1% 5,4%
13,6% 3,9% 6,3%
25,4% 23,9% 24,3%
20,3% 24,4% 23,4%
37,3% 41,7% 40,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

349
 ?
.

14,0% 13,1% 13,3%
14,0% 10,2% 11,2%
24,6% 38,6% 35,2%
26,3% 18,8% 20,6%
21,1% 19,3% 19,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
28,3% 34,1% 32,6%
13,3% 10,1% 10,9%
23,3% 20,7% 21,3%
21,7% 16,2% 17,6%
13,3% 19,0% 17,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
20,0% 20,6% 20,4%
16,7% 12,8% 13,8%
20,0% 24,4% 23,3%
28,3% 28,9% 28,8%
15,0% 13,3% 13,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
8,3% 15,7% 13,9%
15,0% 12,4% 13,0%
21,7% 31,5% 29,0%
40,0% 25,8% 29,4%
15,0% 14,6% 14,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
26,7% 24,0% 24,7%
20,0% 17,3% 18,0%
26,7% 22,9% 23,8%
18,3% 24,0% 22,6%
8,3% 11,7% 10,9%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

350
 ?
.
15,0% 9,5% 10,9%
21,7% 10,1% 13,0%
28,3% 21,2% 23,0%
26,7% 26,3% 26,4%
8,3% 33,0% 26,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

22,0% 28,9% 27,2%
20,3% 18,9% 19,2%
35,6% 23,9% 26,8%
16,9% 18,9% 18,4%
5,1% 9,4% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
1,7% 1,7% 1,7%
10,0% 2,2% 4,2%
16,7% 6,7% 9,2%
30,0% 29,4% 29,6%
41,7% 60,0% 55,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
22,0% 41,7% 36,8%
22,0% 15,6% 17,2%
37,3% 31,7% 33,1%
11,9% 8,3% 9,2%
6,8% 2,8% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

10,0% 15,6% 14,2%
15,0% 14,0% 14,2%
40,0% 31,3% 33,5%
23,3% 26,3% 25,5%
11,7% 12,8% 12,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

351
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.
60,0% 69,8% 67,4%
15,0% 10,1% 11,3%
13,3% 14,0% 13,8%
5,0% 3,4% 3,8%
6,7% 2,8% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
23,3% 28,9% 27,5%
11,7% 18,9% 17,1%
30,0% 23,9% 25,4%
28,3% 21,1% 22,9%
6,7% 7,2% 7,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
.
6,7% 16,8% 14,2%
6,7% 8,9% 8,4%
38,3% 23,5% 27,2%
23,3% 30,2% 28,5%
25,0% 20,7% 21,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
.
53,3% 70,8% 66,4%
18,3% 11,8% 13,4%
20,0% 12,4% 14,3%
6,7% 3,9% 4,6%
1,7% 1,1% 1,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
10,0% 9,5% 9,6%
8,3% 6,1% 6,7%
36,7% 22,3% 25,9%
20,0% 29,1% 26,8%
25,0% 33,0% 31,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

352
 ?
.

13,3% 15,3% 14,8%
13,3% 6,2% 8,0%
20,0% 19,8% 19,8%
28,3% 29,4% 29,1%
25,0% 29,4% 28,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
.

16,9% 17,1% 17,1%
13,6% 5,7% 7,7%
18,6% 20,0% 19,7%
28,8% 23,4% 24,8%
22,0% 33,7% 30,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

10,2% 4,5% 5,9%
6,8% 3,9% 4,6%
20,3% 15,7% 16,9%
27,1% 23,0% 24,1%
35,6% 52,8% 48,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

20,0% 36,0% 31,9%
25,0% 20,8% 21,8%
30,0% 29,8% 29,8%
18,3% 8,4% 10,9%
6,7% 5,1% 5,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

353
 4.
( 1)

?
.
28,0% 29,2% 28,6%
13,6% 15,8% 14,7%
28,0% 33,3% 30,7%
20,3% 15,0% 17,6%
10,2% 6,7% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

13,6% 11,7% 12,6%
8,5% 12,5% 10,5%
21,2% 33,3% 27,3%
26,3% 25,8% 26,1%
30,5% 16,7% 23,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

5,1% 3,3% 4,2%
3,4% 4,2% 3,8%
15,3% 10,0% 12,6%
28,8% 25,8% 27,3%
47,5% 56,7% 52,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

62,7% 59,2% 60,9%
15,3% 14,2% 14,7%
11,9% 6,7% 9,2%
7,6% 13,3% 10,5%
2,5% 6,7% 4,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

20,2% 6,7% 13,4%
11,8% 12,6% 12,2%
29,4% 40,3% 34,9%
14,3% 16,0% 15,1%
24,4% 24,4% 24,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

354
 . ?

21,0% 10,1% 15,5%
19,3% 24,4% 21,8%
44,5% 42,0% 43,3%
11,8% 16,8% 14,3%
3,4% 6,7% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

4,3% 2,5% 3,4%
11,1% 5,9% 8,5%
23,1% 10,2% 16,6%
24,8% 31,4% 28,1%
36,8% 50,0% 43,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

51,3% 45,5% 48,3%
10,1% 19,8% 15,0%
20,2% 20,7% 20,4%
15,1% 7,4% 11,3%
3,4% 6,6% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

16,5% 11,7% 14,0%
15,7% 14,2% 14,9%
33,0% 21,7% 27,2%
14,8% 22,5% 18,7%
20,0% 30,0% 25,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

/ /, ?

.

3,4% 3,4% 3,4%
8,4% 4,3% 6,4%
16,8% 18,8% 17,8%
11,8% 24,8% 18,2%
59,7% 48,7% 54,2%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

355
 ?
.

8,4% 2,5% 5,4%
5,0% 7,5% 6,3%
25,2% 23,3% 24,3%
21,0% 25,8% 23,4%
40,3% 40,8% 40,6%
100,0% 8,4% 2,5%

. ?

16,4% 10,3% 13,3%
16,4% 6,0% 11,2%
37,9% 32,5% 35,2%
14,7% 26,5% 20,6%
14,7% 24,8% 19,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?

.

45,8% 19,8% 32,6%
14,4% 7,4% 10,9%
19,5% 23,1% 21,3%
11,9% 23,1% 17,6%
8,5% 26,4% 17,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?

.

27,7% 13,2% 20,4%
16,8% 10,7% 13,8%
19,3% 27,3% 23,3%
23,5% 33,9% 28,8%
12,6% 14,9% 13,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
.

17,9% 9,9% 13,9%
14,5% 11,6% 13,0%
30,8% 27,3% 29,0%
26,5% 32,2% 29,4%
10,3% 19,0% 14,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

356
 ?
.

20,3% 28,9% 24,7%
16,1% 19,8% 18,0%
23,7% 24,0% 23,8%
30,5% 14,9% 22,6%
9,3% 12,4% 10,9%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

10,1% 11,7% 10,9%
9,2% 16,7% 13,0%
23,5% 22,5% 23,0%
26,1% 26,7% 26,4%
31,1% 22,5% 26,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

31,1% 23,3% 27,2%
16,0% 22,5% 19,2%
29,4% 24,2% 26,8%
19,3% 17,5% 18,4%
4,2% 12,5% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

3,3% 1,7%
5,0% 3,3% 4,2%
10,9% 7,4% 9,2%
27,7% 31,4% 29,6%
56,3% 54,5% 55,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

39,0% 34,7% 36,8%
19,5% 14,9% 17,2%
30,5% 35,5% 33,1%
9,3% 9,1% 9,2%
1,7% 5,8% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

357
 . ?

21,0% 7,5% 14,2%
17,6% 10,8% 14,2%
33,6% 33,3% 33,5%
20,2% 30,8% 25,5%
7,6% 17,5% 12,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
,
.

67,8% 66,9% 67,4%
11,9% 10,7% 11,3%
15,3% 12,4% 13,8%
4,2% 3,3% 3,8%
,8% 6,6% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

30,3% 24,8% 27,5%
15,1% 19,0% 17,1%
26,1% 24,8% 25,4%
23,5% 22,3% 22,9%
5,0% 9,1% 7,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
.

19,3% 9,2% 14,2%
10,9% 5,8% 8,4%
28,6% 25,8% 27,2%
27,7% 29,2% 28,5%
13,4% 30,0% 21,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
, .

66,1% 66,7% 66,4%
13,6% 13,3% 13,4%
16,9% 11,7% 14,3%
2,5% 6,7% 4,6%
,8% 1,7% 1,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

358
 ?
.

14,3% 5,0% 9,6%
5,9% 7,5% 6,7%
28,6% 23,3% 25,9%
19,3% 34,2% 26,8%
31,9% 30,0% 31,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

21,2% 8,4% 14,8%
9,3% 6,7% 8,0%
21,2% 18,5% 19,8%
26,3% 31,9% 29,1%
22,0% 34,5% 28,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
.

21,9% 12,5% 17,1%
8,8% 6,7% 7,7%
23,7% 15,8% 19,7%
19,3% 30,0% 24,8%
26,3% 35,0% 30,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

6,8% 5,0% 5,9%
6,8% 2,5% 4,6%
22,0% 11,8% 16,9%
22,9% 25,2% 24,1%
41,5% 55,5% 48,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

36,4% 27,5% 31,9%
22,9% 20,8% 21,8%
31,4% 28,3% 29,8%
7,6% 14,2% 10,9%
1,7% 9,2% 5,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

359
 5. ( 1)

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.
27,9% 27,1% 30,5% 28,8% 28,6%
16,4% 6,8% 15,3% 20,3% 14,7%
32,8% 20,3% 33,9% 35,6% 30,7%
14,8% 33,9% 15,3% 6,8% 17,6%
8,2% 11,9% 5,1% 8,5% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

11,3% 18,3% 12,1% 8,6% 12,6%
11,3% 5,0% 13,8% 12,1% 10,5%
25,8% 3,3% 41,4% 39,7% 27,3%
24,2% 31,7% 27,6% 20,7% 26,1%
27,4% 41,7% 5,2% 19,0% 23,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

1,6% 1,7% 5,2% 8,6% 4,2%
8,6% 6,9% 3,8%
6,5% 10,0% 13,8% 20,7% 12,6%
24,2% 25,0% 27,6% 32,8% 27,3%
67,7% 63,3% 44,8% 31,0% 52,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

53,2% 64,4% 65,5% 61,0% 60,9%
14,5% 8,5% 13,8% 22,0% 14,7%
3,2% 8,5% 10,3% 15,3% 9,2%
17,7% 13,6% 8,6% 1,7% 10,5%
11,3% 5,1% 1,7% 4,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

6,6% 18,3% 6,9% 22,0% 13,4%
9,8% 6,7% 15,5% 16,9% 12,2%
26,2% 13,3% 55,2% 45,8% 34,9%
21,3% 21,7% 10,3% 6,8% 15,1%
36,1% 40,0% 12,1% 8,5% 24,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

360
 ?
.

9,7% 23,3% 10,5% 18,6% 15,5%
30,6% 18,3% 17,5% 20,3% 21,8%
30,6% 45,0% 54,4% 44,1% 43,3%
22,6% 11,7% 10,5% 11,9% 14,3%
6,5% 1,7% 7,0% 5,1% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

6,8% 5,4% 1,7% 3,4%
4,8% 5,1% 7,1% 17,2% 8,5%
3,2% 11,9% 17,9% 34,5% 16,6%
27,4% 23,7% 35,7% 25,9% 28,1%
64,5% 52,5% 33,9% 20,7% 43,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
51,6% 58,3% 39,0% 44,1% 48,3%
21,0% 13,3% 18,6% 6,8% 15,0%
14,5% 13,3% 27,1% 27,1% 20,4%
8,1% 10,0% 6,8% 20,3% 11,3%
4,8% 5,0% 8,5% 1,7% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
17,7% 19,3% 5,2% 13,8% 14,0%
19,4% 21,1% 8,6% 10,3% 14,9%
19,4% 31,6% 24,1% 34,5% 27,2%
29,0% 15,8% 15,5% 13,8% 18,7%
14,5% 12,3% 46,6% 27,6% 25,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

/ /, ?

.
6,5% 6,8% 3,4%
1,6% 1,7% 7,3% 15,3% 6,4%
6,5% 1,7% 32,7% 32,2% 17,8%
14,5% 16,7% 36,4% 6,8% 18,2%
71,0% 80,0% 23,6% 39,0% 54,2%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

361
 ?
.
3,2% 1,7% 1,7% 15,3% 5,4%
4,8% 1,7% 10,3% 8,5% 6,3%
17,7% 10,0% 29,3% 40,7% 24,3%
25,8% 25,0% 25,9% 16,9% 23,4%
48,4% 61,7% 32,8% 18,6% 40,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

10,0% 23,7% 10,5% 8,8% 13,3%
5,0% 11,9% 7,0% 21,1% 11,2%
31,7% 39,0% 33,3% 36,8% 35,2%
33,3% 6,8% 19,3% 22,8% 20,6%
20,0% 18,6% 29,8% 10,5% 19,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?

.
17,7% 40,0% 22,0% 51,7% 32,6%
8,1% 13,3% 6,8% 15,5% 10,9%
11,3% 11,7% 35,6% 27,6% 21,3%
24,2% 20,0% 22,0% 3,4% 17,6%
38,7% 15,0% 13,6% 1,7% 17,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?

.
14,5% 21,7% 11,9% 33,9% 20,4%
8,1% 13,3% 13,6% 20,3% 13,8%
27,4% 21,7% 27,1% 16,9% 23,3%
30,6% 25,0% 37,3% 22,0% 28,8%
19,4% 18,3% 10,2% 6,8% 13,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
.
8,1% 23,7% 11,9% 12,1% 13,9%
16,1% 8,5% 6,8% 20,7% 13,0%
30,6% 27,1% 23,7% 34,5% 29,0%
29,0% 23,7% 35,6% 29,3% 29,4%
16,1% 16,9% 22,0% 3,4% 14,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

362
 ?
.
29,0% 20,3% 28,8% 20,3% 24,7%
17,7% 11,9% 22,0% 20,3% 18,0%
21,0% 16,9% 27,1% 30,5% 23,8%
16,1% 42,4% 13,6% 18,6% 22,6%
16,1% 8,5% 8,5% 10,2% 10,9%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
4,8% 6,7% 19,0% 13,6% 10,9%
12,9% 5,0% 20,7% 13,6% 13,0%
19,4% 10,0% 25,9% 37,3% 23,0%
30,6% 28,3% 22,4% 23,7% 26,4%
32,3% 50,0% 12,1% 11,9% 26,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

22,6% 30,0% 24,1% 32,2% 27,2%
22,6% 15,0% 22,4% 16,9% 19,2%
17,7% 21,7% 31,0% 37,3% 26,8%
24,2% 25,0% 10,3% 13,6% 18,4%
12,9% 8,3% 12,1% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
1,6% 5,1% 1,7%
3,2% 1,7% 3,4% 8,5% 4,2%
4,8% 3,3% 10,2% 18,6% 9,2%
29,0% 30,0% 33,9% 25,4% 29,6%
61,3% 65,0% 47,5% 47,5% 55,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
43,5% 56,7% 25,4% 20,7% 36,8%
16,1% 23,3% 13,6% 15,5% 17,2%
32,3% 18,3% 39,0% 43,1% 33,1%
4,8% 13,6% 19,0% 9,2%
3,2% 1,7% 8,5% 1,7% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

363
 ?
.

6,5% 26,7% 8,6% 15,3% 14,2%
11,3% 13,3% 10,3% 22,0% 14,2%
25,8% 30,0% 41,4% 37,3% 33,5%
37,1% 20,0% 24,1% 20,3% 25,5%
19,4% 10,0% 15,5% 5,1% 12,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
, .
75,8% 78,0% 57,6% 57,6% 67,4%
6,5% 8,5% 15,3% 15,3% 11,3%
4,8% 11,9% 20,3% 18,6% 13,8%
3,2% 3,4% 8,5% 3,8%
9,7% 1,7% 3,4% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
29,0% 35,0% 20,3% 25,4% 27,5%
21,0% 15,0% 16,9% 15,3% 17,1%
21,0% 20,0% 28,8% 32,2% 25,4%
22,6% 25,0% 22,0% 22,0% 22,9%
6,5% 5,0% 11,9% 5,1% 7,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
.
8,1% 25,0% 10,3% 13,6% 14,2%
6,5% 8,3% 5,2% 13,6% 8,4%
16,1% 18,3% 36,2% 39,0% 27,2%
35,5% 30,0% 22,4% 25,4% 28,5%
33,9% 18,3% 25,9% 8,5% 21,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
, .
78,7% 76,3% 54,2% 55,9% 66,4%
9,8% 11,9% 16,9% 15,3% 13,4%
6,6% 11,9% 16,9% 22,0% 14,3%
3,3% 10,2% 5,1% 4,6%
1,6% 1,7% 1,7% 1,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

364
 ?
.

4,9% 8,3% 5,1% 20,3% 9,6%
8,2% 5,0% 6,8% 6,8% 6,7%
14,8% 18,3% 32,2% 39,0% 25,9%
32,8% 23,3% 35,6% 15,3% 26,8%
39,3% 45,0% 20,3% 18,6% 31,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

8,2% 23,3% 8,6% 19,0% 14,8%
1,6% 6,7% 12,1% 12,1% 8,0%
13,1% 16,7% 24,1% 25,9% 19,8%
34,4% 21,7% 29,3% 31,0% 29,1%
42,6% 31,7% 25,9% 12,1% 28,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
.
9,8% 18,6% 15,3% 25,5% 17,1%
6,6% 5,1% 6,8% 12,7% 7,7%
11,5% 16,9% 20,3% 30,9% 19,7%
26,2% 18,6% 33,9% 20,0% 24,8%
45,9% 40,7% 23,7% 10,9% 30,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
4,9% 3,3% 5,2% 10,3% 5,9%
1,6% 5,0% 3,4% 8,6% 4,6%
8,2% 6,7% 15,5% 37,9% 16,9%
21,3% 20,0% 29,3% 25,9% 24,1%
63,9% 65,0% 46,6% 17,2% 48,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

36,1% 50,0% 18,6% 22,4% 31,9%
19,7% 18,3% 22,0% 27,6% 21,8%
26,2% 25,0% 30,5% 37,9% 29,8%
8,2% 5,0% 20,3% 10,3% 10,9%
9,8% 1,7% 8,5% 1,7% 5,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

365
 6.
( 1)

?
. .
27,5% 29,7% 28,6%
11,7% 17,8% 14,7%
26,7% 34,7% 30,7%
24,2% 11,0% 17,6%
10,0% 6,8% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?
.
14,8% 10,3% 12,6%
8,2% 12,9% 10,5%
14,8% 40,5% 27,3%
27,9% 24,1% 26,1%
34,4% 12,1% 23,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
.
1,6% 6,9% 4,2%
7,8% 3,8%
8,2% 17,2% 12,6%
24,6% 30,2% 27,3%
65,6% 37,9% 52,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
. .
58,7% 63,2% 60,9%
11,6% 17,9% 14,7%
5,8% 12,8% 9,2%
15,7% 5,1% 10,5%
8,3% ,9% 4,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?
.
12,4% 14,5% 13,4%
8,3% 16,2% 12,2%
19,8% 50,4% 34,9%
21,5% 8,5% 15,1%
38,0% 10,3% 24,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

366
 . ?
.
16,4% 14,7% 15,5%
24,6% 19,0% 21,8%
37,7% 49,1% 43,3%
17,2% 11,2% 14,3%
4,1% 6,0% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?
.
3,3% 3,5% 3,4%
5,0% 12,3% 8,5%
7,4% 26,3% 16,6%
25,6% 30,7% 28,1%
58,7% 27,2% 43,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
. .
54,9% 41,5% 48,3%
17,2% 12,7% 15,0%
13,9% 27,1% 20,4%
9,0% 13,6% 11,3%
4,9% 5,1% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
.
18,5% 9,5% 14,0%
20,2% 9,5% 14,9%
25,2% 29,3% 27,2%
22,7% 14,7% 18,7%
13,4% 37,1% 25,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

/ /, ?
. .
3,3% 3,5% 3,4%
1,6% 11,4% 6,4%
4,1% 32,5% 17,8%
15,6% 21,1% 18,2%
75,4% 31,6% 54,2%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

367
 ?
. .
2,5% 8,5% 5,4%
3,3% 9,4% 6,3%
13,9% 35,0% 24,3%
25,4% 21,4% 23,4%
54,9% 25,6% 40,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?
.
16,8% 9,6% 13,3%
8,4% 14,0% 11,2%
35,3% 35,1% 35,2%
20,2% 21,1% 20,6%
19,3% 20,2% 19,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
. .
28,7% 36,8% 32,6%
10,7% 11,1% 10,9%
11,5% 31,6% 21,3%
22,1% 12,8% 17,6%
27,0% 7,7% 17,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
. .
18,0% 22,9% 20,4%
10,7% 16,9% 13,8%
24,6% 22,0% 23,3%
27,9% 29,7% 28,8%
18,9% 8,5% 13,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
. .
15,7% 12,0% 13,9%
12,4% 13,7% 13,0%
28,9% 29,1% 29,0%
26,4% 32,5% 29,4%
16,5% 12,8% 14,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

368
 ?
. .
24,8% 24,6% 24,7%
14,9% 21,2% 18,0%
19,0% 28,8% 23,8%
28,9% 16,1% 22,6%
12,4% 9,3% 10,9%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
. .
5,7% 16,2% 10,9%
9,0% 17,1% 13,0%
14,8% 31,6% 23,0%
29,5% 23,1% 26,4%
41,0% 12,0% 26,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
.
26,2% 28,2% 27,2%
18,9% 19,7% 19,2%
19,7% 34,2% 26,8%
24,6% 12,0% 18,4%
10,7% 6,0% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
. .
,8% 2,5% 1,7%
2,5% 5,9% 4,2%
4,1% 14,4% 9,2%
29,5% 29,7% 29,6%
63,1% 47,5% 55,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
. .
50,0% 23,1% 36,8%
19,7% 14,5% 17,2%
25,4% 41,0% 33,1%
2,5% 16,2% 9,2%
2,5% 5,1% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

369
 ?
.
.
16,4% 12,0% 14,2%
12,3% 16,2% 14,2%
27,9% 39,3% 33,5%
28,7% 22,2% 25,5%
14,8% 10,3% 12,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
. .
76,9% 57,6% 67,4%
7,4% 15,3% 11,3%
8,3% 19,5% 13,8%
1,7% 5,9% 3,8%
5,8% 1,7% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
. .
32,0% 22,9% 27,5%
18,0% 16,1% 17,1%
20,5% 30,5% 25,4%
23,8% 22,0% 22,9%
5,7% 8,5% 7,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
. .
16,4% 12,0% 16,4%
7,4% 9,4% 7,4%
17,2% 37,6% 17,2%
32,8% 23,9% 32,8%
26,2% 17,1% 26,2%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
. .
77,5% 55,1% 66,4%
10,8% 16,1% 13,4%
9,2% 19,5% 14,3%
1,7% 7,6% 4,6%
,8% 1,7% 1,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

370
 ?
. .
6,6% 12,7% 9,6%
6,6% 6,8% 6,7%
16,5% 35,6% 25,9%
28,1% 25,4% 26,8%
42,1% 19,5% 31,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
.
15,7% 13,8% 14,8%
4,1% 12,1% 8,0%
14,9% 25,0% 19,8%
28,1% 30,2% 29,1%
37,2% 19,0% 28,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
. .
14,2% 20,2% 17,1%
5,8% 9,6% 7,7%
14,2% 25,4% 19,7%
22,5% 27,2% 24,8%
43,3% 17,5% 30,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
. .
4,1% 7,8% 5,9%
3,3% 6,0% 4,6%
7,4% 26,7% 16,9%
20,7% 27,6% 24,1%
64,5% 31,9% 48,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
.
43,0% 20,5% 31,9%
19,0% 24,8% 21,8%
25,6% 34,2% 29,8%
6,6% 15,4% 10,9%
5,8% 5,1% 5,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

371
 7.
( 1)

?
.
30,6% 29,5% 24,3% 31,8% 28,6%
11,8% 13,1% 22,9% 4,5% 14,7%
42,4% 18,0% 31,4% 18,2% 30,7%
10,6% 27,9% 10,0% 40,9% 17,6%
4,7% 11,5% 11,4% 4,5% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

11,8% 12,7% 11,8% 18,2% 12,6%
14,1% 9,5% 8,8% 4,5% 10,5%
41,2% 9,5% 29,4% 18,2% 27,3%
22,4% 33,3% 23,5% 27,3% 26,1%
10,6% 34,9% 26,5% 31,8% 23,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

7,2% 1,6% 4,3% 4,2%
2,4% 1,6% 8,6% 3,8%
15,7% 9,5% 12,9% 9,1% 12,6%
27,7% 23,8% 28,6% 31,8% 27,3%
47,0% 63,5% 45,7% 59,1% 52,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
66,7% 61,3% 52,9% 63,6% 60,9%
14,3% 12,9% 21,4% 14,7%
11,9% 9,7% 8,6% 9,2%
6,0% 11,3% 12,9% 18,2% 10,5%
1,2% 4,8% 4,3% 18,2% 4,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

15,5% 19,4% 10,0% 13,4%
19,0% 4,8% 11,4% 9,1% 12,2%
39,3% 25,8% 42,9% 18,2% 34,9%
13,1% 17,7% 15,7% 13,6% 15,1%
13,1% 32,3% 20,0% 59,1% 24,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

372
 . ?

11,9% 22,6% 12,9% 18,2% 15,5%
22,6% 14,5% 31,4% 9,1% 21,8%
46,4% 46,8% 35,7% 45,5% 43,3%
11,9% 12,9% 15,7% 22,7% 14,3%
7,1% 3,2% 4,3% 4,5% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

3,7% 4,8% 1,4% 4,5% 3,4%
7,4% 8,1% 12,9% 8,5%
24,7% 11,3% 15,7% 4,5% 16,6%
29,6% 27,4% 28,6% 22,7% 28,1%
34,6% 48,4% 41,4% 68,2% 43,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
42,4% 55,6% 47,1% 54,5% 48,3%
20,0% 15,9% 5,7% 22,7% 15,0%
22,4% 15,9% 21,4% 22,7% 20,4%
12,9% 7,9% 15,7% 11,3%
2,4% 4,8% 10,0% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
11,9% 24,6% 11,6% 14,0%
11,9% 19,7% 13,0% 19,0% 14,9%
28,6% 24,6% 23,2% 42,9% 27,2%
15,5% 19,7% 23,2% 14,3% 18,7%
32,1% 11,5% 29,0% 23,8% 25,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

/ /, ?

.
7,3% 2,9% 3,4%
9,8% 3,2% 7,2% 6,4%
30,5% 1,6% 18,8% 13,6% 17,8%
25,6% 20,6% 8,7% 13,6% 18,2%
26,8% 74,6% 62,3% 72,7% 54,2%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
8,3% 1,6% 7,1% 5,4%
9,5% 3,2% 7,1% 6,3%
39,3% 14,3% 20,0% 9,1% 24,3%
16,7% 28,6% 27,1% 22,7% 23,4%
26,2% 52,4% 38,6% 68,2% 40,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

373
 ?
.

12,3% 20,6% 10,3% 4,8% 13,3%
12,3% 9,5% 13,2% 4,8% 11,2%
29,6% 34,9% 39,7% 42,9% 35,2%
23,5% 17,5% 20,6% 19,0% 20,6%
22,2% 17,5% 16,2% 28,6% 19,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?

.
35,7% 38,1% 31,4% 9,1% 32,6%
13,1% 7,9% 11,4% 9,1% 10,9%
26,2% 17,5% 22,9% 9,1% 21,3%
9,5% 19,0% 18,6% 40,9% 17,6%
15,5% 17,5% 15,7% 31,8% 17,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?

.
20,0% 23,8% 21,4% 9,1% 20,4%
14,1% 9,5% 15,7% 18,2% 13,8%
24,7% 23,8% 20,0% 27,3% 23,3%
28,2% 27,0% 32,9% 22,7% 28,8%
12,9% 15,9% 10,0% 22,7% 13,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
.
10,7% 22,6% 11,4% 9,1% 13,9%
14,3% 11,3% 14,3% 9,1% 13,0%
26,2% 33,9% 30,0% 22,7% 29,0%
35,7% 16,1% 32,9% 31,8% 29,4%
13,1% 16,1% 11,4% 27,3% 14,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

29,4% 24,2% 22,9% 13,6% 24,7%
22,4% 16,1% 10,0% 31,8% 18,0%
21,2% 22,6% 30,0% 18,2% 23,8%
15,3% 27,4% 22,9% 36,4% 22,6%
11,8% 9,7% 14,3% 0% 10,9%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
15,5% 9,5% 8,6% 4,5% 10,9%
21,4% 6,3% 11,4% 4,5% 13,0%
31,0% 15,9% 22,9% 13,6% 23,0%
20,2% 28,6% 28,6% 36,4% 26,4%
11,9% 39,7% 28,6% 40,9% 26,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

374
 ?
.

20,2% 33,3% 31,4% 22,7% 27,2%
23,8% 15,9% 17,1% 18,2% 19,2%
40,5% 22,2% 15,7% 22,7% 26,8%
10,7% 22,2% 21,4% 27,3% 18,4%
4,8% 6,3% 14,3% 9,1% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
3,5% 1,4% 1,7%
7,1% 1,6% 4,3% 4,2%
14,1% 4,8% 10,0% 9,2%
29,4% 27,0% 28,6% 40,9% 29,6%
45,9% 66,7% 55,7% 59,1% 55,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
25,0% 47,6% 35,7% 54,5% 36,8%
15,5% 20,6% 20,0% 4,5% 17,2%
40,5% 25,4% 30,0% 36,4% 33,1%
14,3% 3,2% 10,0% 4,5% 9,2%
4,8% 3,2% 4,3% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

7,1% 19,0% 15,9% 22,7% 14,2%
12,9% 14,3% 18,8% 4,5% 14,2%
38,8% 34,9% 29,0% 22,7% 33,5%
29,4% 22,2% 23,2% 27,3% 25,5%
11,8% 9,5% 13,0% 22,7% 12,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
, .
62,4% 79,0% 62,9% 68,2% 67,4%
14,1% 8,1% 11,4% 9,1% 11,3%
17,6% 8,1% 15,7% 9,1% 13,8%
3,5% 5,7% 9,1% 3,8%
2,4% 4,8% 4,3% 4,5% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
17,6% 39,7% 30,0% 22,7% 27,5%
22,4% 14,3% 17,1% 4,5% 17,1%
30,6% 23,8% 18,6% 31,8% 25,4%
18,8% 22,2% 30,0% 18,2% 22,9%
10,6% 4,3% 22,7% 7,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

375
 , ?
.
6,0% 25,4% 15,7% 9,1% 14,2%
10,7% 6,3% 7,1% 9,1% 8,4%
35,7% 27,0% 21,4% 13,6% 27,2%
22,6% 28,6% 37,1% 22,7% 28,5%
25,0% 12,7% 18,6% 45,5% 21,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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57,6% 80,6% 63,8% 68,2% 66,4%
14,1% 9,7% 17,4% 9,1% 13,4%
18,8% 8,1% 13,0% 18,2% 14,3%
7,1% 1,6% 4,3% 4,5% 4,6%
2,4% 1,4% 0% 1,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
12,9% 7,9% 8,7% 4,5% 9,6%
8,2% 4,8% 7,2% 4,5% 6,7%
37,6% 25,4% 18,8% 4,5% 25,9%
21,2% 27,0% 33,3% 27,3% 26,8%
20,0% 34,9% 31,9% 59,1% 31,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.

9,6% 25,4% 13,0% 9,1% 14,8%
12,0% 7,9% 4,3% 4,5% 8,0%
22,9% 23,8% 14,5% 13,6% 19,8%
27,7% 17,5% 43,5% 22,7% 29,1%
27,7% 25,4% 24,6% 50,0% 28,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
.
18,5% 21,0% 15,9% 4,5% 17,1%
14,8% 4,8% 4,3% 0% 7,7%
25,9% 14,5% 18,8% 13,6% 19,7%
19,8% 21,0% 29,0% 40,9% 24,8%
21,0% 38,7% 31,9% 40,9% 30,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

376
 ?
.
8,3% 3,2% 5,9% 4,5% 5,9%
4,8% 4,8% 5,9% 0% 4,6%
28,6% 6,3% 16,2% 4,5% 16,9%
20,2% 25,4% 26,5% 27,3% 24,1%
38,1% 60,3% 45,6% 63,6% 48,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.

21,4% 50,8% 27,5% 31,8% 31,9%
26,2% 17,5% 26,1% 4,5% 21,8%
33,3% 20,6% 26,1% 54,5% 29,8%
10,7% 7,9% 17,4% 10,9%
8,3% 3,2% 2,9% 9,1% 5,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

377
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1)

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30,3% 22,2% 29,7% 28,6%
11,8% 17,8% 17,6% 14,7%
33,6% 28,9% 27,0% 30,7%
13,4% 26,7% 18,9% 17,6%
10,9% 4,4% 6,8% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
15,1% 11,1% 9,5% 12,6%
10,9% 8,9% 10,8% 10,5%
22,7% 28,9% 33,8% 27,3%
27,7% 22,2% 25,7% 26,1%
23,5% 28,9% 20,3% 23,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

.
5,1% 6,7% 1,3% 4,2%
7,6% 3,8%
11,9% 13,3% 13,3% 12,6%
28,0% 28,9% 25,3% 27,3%
47,5% 51,1% 60,0% 52,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
. .
63,0% 56,8% 60,0% 60,9%
14,3% 25,0% 9,3% 14,7%
9,2% 4,5% 12,0% 9,2%
9,2% 13,6% 10,7% 10,5%
4,2% 8,0% 4,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
.
18,3% 11,4% 6,8% 13,4%
12,5% 11,4% 12,2% 12,2%
30,0% 40,9% 39,2% 34,9%
14,2% 18,2% 14,9% 15,1%
25,0% 18,2% 27,0% 24,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

378
 ?
.
.
20,0% 20,0% 5,5% 15,5%
20,0% 20,0% 26,0% 21,8%
40,8% 37,8% 50,7% 43,3%
10,8% 22,2% 15,1% 14,3%
8,3% 2,7% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
.
3,4% 9,1% 3,4%
9,3% 6,8% 8,2% 8,5%
21,2% 15,9% 9,6% 16,6%
28,0% 22,7% 31,5% 28,1%
38,1% 45,5% 50,7% 43,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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. .
47,5% 48,9% 49,3% 48,3%
14,2% 15,6% 16,0% 15,0%
19,2% 15,6% 25,3% 20,4%
14,2% 11,1% 6,7% 11,3%
5,0% 8,9% 2,7% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
. .
18,5% 9,5% 9,5% 14,0%
11,8% 21,4% 16,2% 14,9%
28,6% 31,0% 23,0% 27,2%
16,0% 14,3% 25,7% 18,7%
25,2% 23,8% 25,7% 25,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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, .
. .
3,3% 4,5% 2,8% 3,4%
8,3% 6,8% 2,8% 6,4%
18,3% 20,5% 15,3% 17,8%
15,8% 13,6% 25,0% 18,2%
54,2% 54,5% 54,2% 54,2%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

379
 ?
. .
5,9% 4,4% 5,3% 5,4%
6,7% 6,7% 5,3% 6,3%
23,5% 28,9% 22,7% 24,3%
19,3% 28,9% 26,7% 23,4%
44,5% 31,1% 40,0% 40,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
.
12,8% 16,3% 12,3% 13,3%
13,7% 9,3% 8,2% 11,2%
39,3% 34,9% 28,8% 35,2%
15,4% 20,9% 28,8% 20,6%
18,8% 18,6% 21,9% 19,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?

. .
37,0% 44,4% 18,7% 32,6%
13,4% 11,1% 6,7% 10,9%
24,4% 13,3% 21,3% 21,3%
11,8% 20,0% 25,3% 17,6%
13,4% 11,1% 28,0% 17,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?

. .
23,3% 26,7% 12,0% 20,4%
12,5% 17,8% 13,3% 13,8%
22,5% 22,2% 25,3% 23,3%
25,8% 22,2% 37,3% 28,8%
15,8% 11,1% 12,0% 13,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
. .
15,1% 17,8% 9,5% 13,9%
11,8% 22,2% 9,5% 13,0%
26,9% 31,1% 31,1% 29,0%
32,8% 24,4% 27,0% 29,4%
13,4% 4,4% 23,0% 14,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

380
 ?
. .
21,7% 29,5% 26,7% 24,7%
15,8% 15,9% 22,7% 18,0%
22,5% 25,0% 25,3% 23,8%
27,5% 20,5% 16,0% 22,6%
12,5% 9,1% 9,3% 10,9%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
. .
10,8% 11,4% 10,7% 10,9%
12,5% 15,9% 12,0% 13,0%
25,8% 15,9% 22,7% 23,0%
20,0% 22,7% 38,7% 26,4%
30,8% 34,1% 16,0% 26,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?
.
31,9% 26,7% 20,0% 27,2%
19,3% 20,0% 18,7% 19,2%
27,7% 20,0% 29,3% 26,8%
16,0% 24,4% 18,7% 18,4%
5,0% 8,9% 13,3% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
.
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5,8% 4,4% 1,3% 4,2%
12,5% 8,9% 4,0% 9,2%
26,7% 22,2% 38,7% 29,6%
54,2% 60,0% 54,7% 55,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
. .
37,8% 40,0% 33,3% 36,8%
16,0% 28,9% 12,0% 17,2%
31,1% 26,7% 40,0% 33,1%
11,8% 2,2% 9,3% 9,2%
3,4% 2,2% 5,3% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

381
 ?
.
.
16,7% 13,3% 10,8% 14,2%
20,0% 8,9% 8,1% 14,2%
28,3% 37,8% 39,2% 33,5%
22,5% 28,9% 28,4% 25,5%
12,5% 11,1% 13,5% 12,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
, . .
65,5% 75,6% 65,3% 67,4%
15,1% 2,2% 10,7% 11,3%
14,3% 11,1% 14,7% 13,8%
3,4% 4,4% 4,0% 3,8%
1,7% 6,7% 5,3% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
. .
28,3% 26,7% 26,7% 27,5%
18,3% 13,3% 17,3% 17,1%
21,7% 33,3% 26,7% 25,4%
24,2% 24,4% 20,0% 22,9%
7,5% 2,2% 9,3% 7,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
. .
19,2% 13,6% 6,7% 14,2%
8,3% 11,4% 6,7% 8,4%
27,5% 25,0% 28,0% 27,2%
27,5% 25,0% 32,0% 28,5%
17,5% 25,0% 26,7% 21,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
, . .
66,1% 64,4% 68,0% 66,4%
14,4% 15,6% 10,7% 13,4%
15,3% 13,3% 13,3% 14,3%
3,4% 4,4% 6,7% 4,6%
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100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

382
 ?
. .
12,6% 11,1% 4,0% 9,6%
5,9% 11,1% 5,3% 6,7%
31,1% 24,4% 18,7% 25,9%
24,4% 26,7% 30,7% 26,8%
26,1% 26,7% 41,3% 31,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?
.
17,8% 17,8% 8,1% 14,8%
11,0% 6,7% 4,1% 8,0%
22,0% 15,6% 18,9% 19,8%
24,6% 31,1% 35,1% 29,1%
24,6% 28,9% 33,8% 28,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
. .
20,7% 22,7% 8,1% 17,1%
9,5% 6,8% 5,4% 7,7%
22,4% 20,5% 14,9% 19,7%
18,1% 20,5% 37,8% 24,8%
29,3% 29,5% 33,8% 30,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
. .
6,8% 4,5% 5,3% 5,9%
5,9% 2,3% 4,0% 4,6%
24,6% 13,6% 6,7% 16,9%
20,3% 27,3% 28,0% 24,1%
42,4% 52,3% 56,0% 48,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

.
34,7% 40,0% 22,7% 31,9%
26,3% 15,6% 18,7% 21,8%
29,7% 26,7% 32,0% 29,8%
8,5% 13,3% 13,3% 10,9%
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100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

383
 9.
( 1)

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.
23,6% 25,0% 38,9% 52,6% 27,3% 28,6%
12,5% 19,2% 22,2% 5,3% 14,3% 14,7%
40,3% 32,7% 16,7% 5,3% 29,9% 30,7%
15,3% 15,4% 22,2% 26,3% 18,2% 17,6%
8,3% 7,7% 10,5% 10,4% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

10,8% 11,8% 16,7% 11,1% 14,3% 12,6%
14,9% 13,7% 5,6% 5,6% 6,5% 10,5%
31,1% 23,5% 38,9% 22,2% 24,7% 27,3%
27,0% 23,5% 16,7% 33,3% 27,3% 26,1%
16,2% 27,5% 22,2% 27,8% 27,3% 23,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

2,8% 22,2% 5,3% 3,9% 4,2%
4,2% 1,9% 5,3% 5,2% 3,8%
13,9% 9,6% 22,2% 15,8% 10,4% 12,6%
30,6% 19,2% 16,7% 10,5% 36,4% 27,3%
48,6% 69,2% 38,9% 63,2% 44,2% 52,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?

.
59,5% 57,7% 66,7% 78,9% 58,7% 60,9%
20,3% 9,6% 16,7% 16,0% 14,7%
6,8% 9,6% 5,6% 5,3% 13,3% 9,2%
10,8% 13,5% 5,6% 10,5% 9,3% 10,5%
2,7% 9,6% 5,6% 5,3% 2,7% 4,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

. ?

8,1% 9,8% 5,6% 15,8% 22,4% 13,4%
10,8% 11,8% 27,8% 5,3% 11,8% 12,2%
43,2% 29,4% 44,4% 42,1% 26,3% 34,9%
13,5% 17,6% 5,6% 10,5% 18,4% 15,1%
24,3% 31,4% 16,7% 26,3% 21,1% 24,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

384
 . ?

12,3% 3,9% 11,1% 15,8% 27,3% 15,5%
24,7% 29,4% 16,7% 21,1% 15,6% 21,8%
41,1% 37,3% 50,0% 26,3% 51,9% 43,3%
16,4% 19,6% 16,7% 26,3% 5,2% 14,3%
5,5% 9,8% 5,6% 10,5% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

12,5% 5,3% 6,6% 3,4%
9,7% 3,8% 10,5% 11,8% 8,5%
6,9% 11,5% 37,5% 21,1% 23,7% 16,6%
31,9% 30,8% 25,0% 15,8% 26,3% 28,1%
51,4% 53,8% 25,0% 47,4% 31,6% 43,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
48,6% 50,0% 50,0% 52,6% 45,5% 48,3%
12,2% 19,2% 27,8% 5,3% 14,3% 15,0%
21,6% 23,1% 16,7% 15,8% 19,5% 20,4%
10,8% 3,8% 15,8% 18,2% 11,3%
6,8% 3,8% 5,6% 10,5% 2,6% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
18,3% 7,8% 5,3% 19,7% 14,0%
12,7% 19,6% 15,8% 17,1% 14,9%
22,5% 25,5% 11,1% 21,1% 38,2% 27,2%
26,8% 21,6% 22,2% 21,1% 7,9% 18,7%
19,7% 25,5% 66,7% 36,8% 17,1% 25,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

/ / ?
, .
.
2,8% 2,0% 10,5% 3,9% 3,4%
1,4% 5,9% 5,9% 5,3% 11,7% 6,4%
22,2% 7,8% 29,4% 15,8% 18,2% 17,8%
22,2% 23,5% 23,5% 5,3% 13,0% 18,2%
51,4% 60,8% 41,2% 63,2% 53,2% 54,2%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

385
 ?
.
2,7% 3,8% 15,8% 7,8% 5,4%
4,1% 3,8% 16,7% 9,1% 6,3%
24,7% 19,2% 33,3% 21,1% 26,0% 24,3%
28,8% 28,8% 16,7% 26,3% 15,6% 23,4%
39,7% 44,2% 33,3% 36,8% 41,6% 40,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

16,9% 3,9% 11,1% 20,3% 13,3%
9,9% 7,8% 11,1% 15,8% 13,5% 11,2%
32,4% 35,3% 16,7% 36,8% 41,9% 35,2%
26,8% 29,4% 16,7% 5,3% 13,5% 20,6%
14,1% 23,5% 44,4% 42,1% 10,8% 19,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?

.
24,3% 7,7% 27,8% 57,9% 52,6% 32,6%
8,1% 7,7% 16,7% 5,3% 15,8% 10,9%
23,0% 23,1% 27,8% 10,5% 19,7% 21,3%
24,3% 26,9% 11,1% 21,1% 5,3% 17,6%
20,3% 34,6% 16,7% 5,3% 6,6% 17,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?

.
20,3% 13,5% 11,1% 26,3% 26,0% 20,4%
17,6% 5,8% 5,6% 15,8% 16,9% 13,8%
17,6% 28,8% 50,0% 26,3% 18,2% 23,3%
29,7% 40,4% 22,2% 15,8% 24,7% 28,8%
14,9% 11,5% 11,1% 15,8% 14,3% 13,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?

.
12,2% 9,6% 11,1% 21,1% 17,3% 13,9%
10,8% 11,5% 10,5% 20,0% 13,0%
31,1% 28,8% 11,1% 21,1% 33,3% 29,0%
31,1% 32,7% 44,4% 26,3% 22,7% 29,4%
14,9% 17,3% 33,3% 21,1% 6,7% 14,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

386
 ?
.

29,7% 23,5% 16,7% 21,1% 23,4% 24,7%
12,2% 27,5% 22,2% 10,5% 18,2% 18,0%
24,3% 21,6% 33,3% 21,1% 23,4% 23,8%
20,3% 19,6% 16,7% 31,6% 26,0% 22,6%
13,5% 7,8% 11,1% 15,8% 9,1% 10,9%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
9,6% 17,3% 5,6% 10,5% 9,1% 10,9%
11,0% 13,5% 16,7% 5,3% 15,6% 13,0%
17,8% 25,0% 33,3% 31,6% 22,1% 23,0%
30,1% 26,9% 22,2% 21,1% 24,7% 26,4%
31,5% 17,3% 22,2% 31,6% 28,6% 26,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

21,6% 21,2% 22,2% 36,8% 35,5% 27,2%
25,7% 17,3% 16,7% 21,1% 14,5% 19,2%
20,3% 25,0% 50,0% 26,3% 28,9% 26,8%
20,3% 26,9% 5,6% 10,5% 15,8% 18,4%
12,2% 9,6% 5,6% 5,3% 5,3% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.

2,7% 1,9% 1,3% 1,7%
2,7% 3,8% 5,6% 6,5% 4,2%
6,8% 3,8% 16,7% 5,3% 14,3% 9,2%
31,1% 36,5% 27,8% 15,8% 27,3% 29,6%
56,8% 53,8% 50,0% 78,9% 50,6% 55,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
33,8% 38,5% 16,7% 36,8% 43,4% 36,8%
16,2% 13,5% 16,7% 21,1% 19,7% 17,2%
33,8% 40,4% 38,9% 31,6% 26,3% 33,1%
12,2% 3,8% 16,7% 5,3% 9,2% 9,2%
4,1% 3,8% 11,1% 5,3% 1,3% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

387
 ?
.

12,2% 3,8% 21,1% 24,7% 14,2%
13,5% 9,6% 5,9% 10,5% 20,8% 14,2%
29,7% 38,5% 35,3% 36,8% 32,5% 33,5%
29,7% 28,8% 41,2% 21,1% 16,9% 25,5%
14,9% 19,2% 17,6% 10,5% 5,2% 12,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
,
.
63,5% 71,2% 50,0% 73,7% 71,1% 67,4%
13,5% 7,7% 16,7% 10,5% 10,5% 11,3%
10,8% 11,5% 27,8% 15,8% 14,5% 13,8%
4,1% 5,8% 5,6% 2,6% 3,8%
8,1% 3,8% 1,3% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
23,0% 25,0% 16,7% 26,3% 36,4% 27,5%
16,2% 19,2% 16,7% 15,8% 16,9% 17,1%
25,7% 25,0% 16,7% 21,1% 28,6% 25,4%
31,1% 21,2% 27,8% 26,3% 14,3% 22,9%
4,1% 9,6% 22,2% 10,5% 3,9% 7,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
.
12,3% 5,8% 15,8% 24,7% 14,2%
11,0% 1,9% 10,5% 11,7% 8,4%
19,2% 32,7% 22,2% 15,8% 35,1% 27,2%
27,4% 34,6% 38,9% 21,1% 24,7% 28,5%
30,1% 25,0% 38,9% 36,8% 3,9% 21,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
65,8% 69,2% 44,4% 78,9% 67,1% 66,4%
13,7% 9,6% 22,2% 10,5% 14,5% 13,4%
15,1% 13,5% 11,1% 10,5% 15,8% 14,3%
4,1% 7,7% 16,7% 1,3% 4,6%
1,4% 5,6% 1,3% 1,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
6,8% 1,9% 5,6% 10,5% 18,2% 9,6%
8,2% 7,7% 5,6% 6,5% 6,7%
21,9% 15,4% 16,7% 26,3% 39,0% 25,9%
32,9% 36,5% 38,9% 15,8% 14,3% 26,8%
30,1% 38,5% 33,3% 47,4% 22,1% 31,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.

13,7% 1,9% 5,9% 10,5% 27,6% 14,8%
5,5% 7,7% 5,9% 5,3% 11,8% 8,0%
21,9% 13,5% 11,8% 26,3% 22,4% 19,8%
30,1% 42,3% 35,3% 15,8% 21,1% 29,1%
28,8% 34,6% 41,2% 42,1% 17,1% 28,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?
.
13,9% 16,7% 31,6% 28,8% 17,1%
5,6% 7,7% 13,7% 7,7%
19,4% 11,5% 5,6% 36,8% 24,7% 19,7%
27,8% 42,3% 44,4% 5,3% 9,6% 24,8%
33,3% 38,5% 33,3% 26,3% 23,3% 30,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
5,5% 2,0% 10,5% 9,2% 5,9%
1,4% 3,9% 5,6% 9,2% 4,6%
12,3% 5,9% 16,7% 31,6% 25,0% 16,9%
28,8% 27,5% 16,7% 10,5% 22,4% 24,1%
52,1% 60,8% 61,1% 47,4% 34,2% 48,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.

42,5% 13,5% 16,7% 26,3% 39,5% 31,9%
13,7% 28,8% 16,7% 36,8% 22,4% 21,8%
23,3% 32,7% 33,3% 26,3% 34,2% 29,8%
15,1% 13,5% 27,8% 5,3% 2,6% 10,9%
5,5% 11,5% 5,6% 5,3% 1,3% 5,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
60,0% 33,3% 21,0% 36,0% 30,4% 0% 0% 16,7% 28,6%
20,0% 7,0% 19,4% 14,0% 13,0% 25,0% 25,0% 33,3% 14,7%
0% 45,6% 25,8% 24,0% 28,3% 37,5% 50,0% 16,7% 30,7%
0% 10,5% 22,6% 14,0% 19,6% 37,5% 25,0% 33,3% 17,6%
20,0% 3,5% 11,3% 12,0% 8,7% 0% 0% 0% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
20,0% 8,8% 14,5% 17,6% 10,9% 14,3% 0% 0% 12,6%
20,0% 14,0% 14,5% 5,9% 8,7% 0% 0% 0% 10,5%
20,0% 40,4% 19,4% 21,6% 32,6% 14,3% 0% 33,3% 27,3%
20,0% 26,3% 29,0% 25,5% 21,7% 14,3% 50,0% 33,3% 26,1%
20,0% 10,5% 22,6% 29,4% 26,1% 57,1% 50,0% 33,3% 23,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
20,0% 5,5% 3,2% 7,7% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4,2%
0% 1,8% 1,6% 3,8% 10,9% 0% 0% 0% 3,8%
20,0% 12,7% 14,5% 13,5% 10,9% 12,5% 0% 0% 12,6%
40,0% 27,3% 25,8% 30,8% 28,3% 12,5% 25,0% 16,7% 27,3%
20,0% 52,7% 54,8% 44,2% 50,0% 75,0% 75,0% 83,3% 52,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?

. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
80,0% 62,5% 65,6% 57,7% 54,3% 62,5% 75,0% 50,0% 60,9%
0% 14,3% 13,1% 21,2% 13,0% 12,5% 16,7% 14,7%
0% 14,3% 8,2% 9,6% 6,5% 16,7% 9,2%
20,0% 7,1% 9,8% 5,8% 17,4% 12,5% 25,0% 16,7% 10,5%
1,8% 3,3% 5,8% 8,7% 12,5% 4,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
20,0% 17,9% 14,8% 15,4% 8,7% 0% 0% 0% 13,4%
0% 17,9% 11,5% 9,6% 13,0% 12,5% 0% 0% 12,2%
40,0% 37,5% 34,4% 44,2% 17,4% 25,0% 75,0% 50,0% 34,9%
20,0% 14,3% 14,8% 13,5% 19,6% 12,5% 0% 16,7% 15,1%
20,0% 12,5% 24,6% 17,3% 41,3% 50,0% 25,0% 33,3% 24,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

390
 ?
.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
0% 12,3% 18,0% 15,4% 13,0% 37,5% 0% 33,3% 15,5%
50,0% 19,3% 18,0% 25,0% 26,1% 12,5% 25,0% 16,7% 21,8%
25,0% 47,4% 49,2% 40,4% 34,8% 37,5% 50,0% 50,0% 43,3%
25,0% 14,0% 11,5% 15,4% 17,4% 12,5% 25,0% 0% 14,3%
0% 7,0% 3,3% 3,8% 8,7% 0% 0% 0% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
20,0% 3,6% 4,9% 2,0% 0% 12,5% 0% 0% 3,4%
20,0% 9,1% 8,2% 6,0% 10,9% 0% 0% 16,7% 8,5%
20,0% 18,2% 18,0% 14,0% 15,2% 12,5% 0% 33,3% 16,6%
20,0% 36,4% 24,6% 28,0% 21,7% 37,5% 25,0% 33,3% 28,1%
20,0% 32,7% 44,3% 50,0% 52,2% 37,5% 75,0% 16,7% 43,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
60,0% 42,1% 56,5% 46,2% 50,0% 37,5% 50,0% 33,3% 48,3%
20,0% 24,6% 14,5% 7,7% 8,7% 25,0% 25,0% 16,7% 15,0%
20,0% 19,3% 16,1% 25,0% 19,6% 37,5% 25,0% 16,7% 20,4%
0% 10,5% 9,7% 19,2% 10,9% 0% 0% 0% 11,3%
0% 3,5% 3,2% 1,9% 10,9% 0% 0% 33,3% 5,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
60,0% 10,5% 16,7% 11,8% 13,6% 0% 0% 33,3% 14,0%
0% 10,5% 21,7% 11,8% 15,9% 37,5% 0% 0% 14,9%
0% 28,1% 28,3% 27,5% 22,7% 37,5% 25,0% 50,0% 27,2%
20,0% 17,5% 16,7% 25,5% 18,2% 12,5% 25,0% 0% 18,7%
20,0% 33,3% 16,7% 23,5% 29,5% 12,5% 50,0% 16,7% 25,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

/ /, ?

. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
25,0% 5,3% 3,3% 3,9% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3,4%
0% 8,8% 6,7% 3,9% 8,7% 0% 0% 0% 6,4%
25,0% 26,3% 16,7% 15,7% 17,4% 0% 0% 0% 17,8%
0% 28,1% 15,0% 17,6% 8,7% 25,0% 25,0% 33,3% 18,2%
50,0% 31,6% 58,3% 58,8% 65,2% 75,0% 75,0% 66,7% 54,2%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
0% 8,9% 4,8% 1,9% 8,7% 0% 0% 0% 5,4%
0% 10,7% 1,6% 3,8% 10,9% 0% 0% 16,7% 6,3%
60,0% 35,7% 22,6% 21,2% 13,0% 12,5% 0% 50,0% 24,3%
40,0% 21,4% 19,4% 30,8% 26,1% 12,5% 25,0% 0% 23,4%
0% 23,2% 51,6% 42,3% 41,3% 75,0% 75,0% 33,3% 40,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
20,0% 10,7% 21,3% 4,1% 15,6% 14,3% 0% 16,7% 13,3%
0% 16,1% 8,2% 16,3% 4,4% 14,3% 0% 16,7% 11,2%
20,0% 21,4% 36,1% 49,0% 35,6% 42,9% 25,0% 50,0% 35,2%
40,0% 25,0% 19,7% 20,4% 17,8% 0% 25,0% 16,7% 20,6%
20,0% 26,8% 14,8% 10,2% 26,7% 28,6% 50,0% 0% 19,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?

. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
60,0% 33,9% 37,1% 23,1% 37,0% 12,5% 0% 50,0% 32,6%
0% 16,1% 6,5% 11,5% 13,0% 12,5% 0% 0% 10,9%
0% 25,0% 19,4% 28,8% 15,2% 25,0% 0% 16,7% 21,3%
0% 8,9% 17,7% 25,0% 19,6% 25,0% 50,0% 0% 17,6%
40,0% 16,1% 19,4% 11,5% 15,2% 25,0% 50,0% 33,3% 17,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?
,
. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
0% 19,3% 27,4% 25,0% 15,2% 0% 0% 16,7% 20,4%
40,0% 10,5% 8,1% 19,2% 10,9% 37,5% 0% 33,3% 13,8%
60,0% 21,1% 25,8% 19,2% 28,3% 0% 25,0% 16,7% 23,3%
0% 38,6% 22,6% 25,0% 28,3% 37,5% 75,0% 16,7% 28,8%
0% 10,5% 16,1% 11,5% 17,4% 25,0% 0% 16,7% 13,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

, ?

. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
40,0% 8,9% 22,6% 7,7% 13,3% 25,0% 0% 0% 13,9%
20,0% 14,3% 12,9% 9,6% 13,3% 12,5% 25,0% 16,7% 13,0%
0% 30,4% 27,4% 42,3% 15,6% 25,0% 25,0% 50,0% 29,0%
20,0% 32,1% 25,8% 26,9% 37,8% 25,0% 25,0% 16,7% 29,4%
20,0% 14,3% 11,3% 13,5% 20,0% 12,5% 25,0% 16,7% 14,7%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

392
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.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
0% 29,8% 32,8% 21,2% 17,4% 0% 25,0% 33,3% 24,7%
60,0% 21,1% 19,7% 7,7% 21,7% 25,0% 0% 0% 18,0%
20,0% 19,3% 14,8% 44,2% 19,6% 12,5% 25,0% 33,3% 23,8%
0% 19,3% 19,7% 21,2% 26,1% 50,0% 50,0% 33,3% 22,6%
20,0% 10,5% 13,1% 5,8% 15,2% 12,5% 0% 0% 10,9%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
0% 15,8% 9,8% 15,4% 6,5% 0% 0% 0% 10,9%
40,0% 19,3% 13,1% 7,7% 10,9% 0% 0% 16,7% 13,0%
20,0% 29,8% 24,6% 21,2% 15,2% 25,0% 0% 33,3% 23,0%
20,0% 22,8% 21,3% 30,8% 34,8% 12,5% 75,0% 0% 26,4%
20,0% 12,3% 31,1% 25,0% 32,6% 62,5% 25,0% 50,0% 26,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
20,0% 25,0% 29,0% 28,8% 21,7% 12,5% 25,0% 83,3% 27,2%
20,0% 21,4% 17,7% 21,2% 17,4% 12,5% 25,0% 16,7% 19,2%
40,0% 35,7% 32,3% 19,2% 17,4% 50,0% 0% 0% 26,8%
20,0% 12,5% 16,1% 21,2% 28,3% 12,5% 25,0% 0% 18,4%
5,4% 4,8% 9,6% 15,2% 12,5% 25,0% 0% 8,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
0% 5,3% 0% 1,9% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1,7%
0% 7,0% 3,2% 5,8% 2,2% 0% 0% 0% 4,2%
0% 14,0% 6,5% 7,7% 13,0% 0% 0% 0% 9,2%
0% 38,6% 21,0% 36,5% 30,4% 25,0% 25,0% 0% 29,6%
100,0% 35,1% 69,4% 48,1% 54,3% 75,0% 75,0% 100,0% 55,4%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
40,0% 22,8% 43,5% 37,3% 41,3% 50,0% 25,0% 50,0% 36,8%
20,0% 12,3% 22,6% 19,6% 15,2% 12,5% 0% 16,7% 17,2%
20,0% 40,4% 27,4% 29,4% 34,8% 25,0% 75,0% 33,3% 33,1%
20,0% 19,3% 1,6% 9,8% 6,5% 12,5% 0% 0% 9,2%
0% 5,3% 4,8% 3,9% 2,2% 0% 0% 0% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
0% 7,0% 17,7% 9,6% 17,8% 50,0% 0% 33,3% 14,2%
40,0% 12,3% 11,3% 21,2% 13,3% 0% 0% 16,7% 14,2%
40,0% 33,3% 35,5% 38,5% 24,4% 25,0% 50,0% 33,3% 33,5%
20,0% 35,1% 24,2% 21,2% 20,0% 25,0% 50,0% 16,7% 25,5%
0% 12,3% 11,3% 9,6% 24,4% 0% 0% 0% 12,6%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
60,0% 66,7% 77,0% 59,6% 60,9% 75,0% 50,0% 100,0% 67,4%
20,0% 10,5% 8,2% 17,3% 8,7% 12,5% 25,0% 0% 11,3%
0% 17,5% 8,2% 15,4% 21,7% 0% 0% 0% 13,8%
20,0% 1,8% 1,6% 5,8% 2,2% 12,5% 25,0% 0% 3,8%
0% 3,5% 4,9% 1,9% 6,5% 0% 0% 0% 3,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
60,0% 14,0% 37,1% 30,8% 21,7% 37,5% 0% 50,0% 27,5%
20,0% 26,3% 16,1% 17,3% 4,3% 25,0% 25,0% 16,7% 17,1%
20,0% 29,8% 22,6% 26,9% 23,9% 37,5% 25,0% 0% 25,4%
0% 17,5% 22,6% 19,2% 37,0% 0% 50,0% 33,3% 22,9%
0% 12,3% 1,6% 5,8% 13,0% 0% 0% 0% 7,1%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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, .
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
7,0% 21,3% 17,3% 10,9% 25,0% 16,7% 14,2%
20,0% 10,5% 9,8% 3,8% 6,5% 12,5% 16,7% 8,4%
60,0% 28,1% 32,8% 23,1% 19,6% 12,5% 50,0% 33,3% 27,2%
24,6% 23,0% 34,6% 37,0% 37,5% 25,0% 16,7% 28,5%
20,0% 29,8% 13,1% 21,2% 26,1% 12,5% 25,0% 16,7% 21,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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,
. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
60,0% 63,2% 70,5% 65,4% 60,0% 62,5% 100,0% 100,0% 66,4%
20,0% 10,5% 13,1% 13,5% 20,0% 12,5% 0% 0% 13,4%
20,0% 15,8% 13,1% 15,4% 15,6% 12,5% 0% 0% 14,3%
0% 8,8% 1,6% 5,8% 2,2% 12,5% 0% 0% 4,6%
0% 1,8% 1,6% 0% 2,2% 0% 0% 0% 1,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
20,0% 10,5% 12,9% 7,7% 4,4% 12,5% 0% 16,7% 9,6%
0% 8,8% 1,6% 11,5% 6,7% 12,5% 0% 0% 6,7%
40,0% 40,4% 25,8% 19,2% 22,2% 0% 0% 16,7% 25,9%
0% 19,3% 29,0% 34,6% 26,7% 25,0% 50,0% 16,7% 26,8%
40,0% 21,1% 30,6% 26,9% 40,0% 50,0% 50,0% 50,0% 31,0%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
20,0% 7,3% 21,0% 13,5% 13,3% 25,0% 0% 33,3% 14,8%
0% 10,9% 11,3% 3,8% 6,7% 12,5% 0% 0% 8,0%
40,0% 16,4% 24,2% 26,9% 8,9% 12,5% 0% 33,3% 19,8%
20,0% 34,5% 16,1% 32,7% 35,6% 25,0% 75,0% 16,7% 29,1%
20,0% 30,9% 27,4% 23,1% 35,6% 25,0% 25,0% 16,7% 28,3%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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,
.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
0% 13,0% 31,7% 7,7% 17,8% 0% 0% 33,3% 17,1%
0% 16,7% 8,3% 5,8% 2,2% 0% 0% 0% 7,7%
20,0% 27,8% 13,3% 28,8% 13,3% 12,5% 0% 0% 19,7%
40,0% 20,4% 13,3% 25,0% 33,3% 37,5% 100,0% 33,3% 24,8%
40,0% 22,2% 33,3% 32,7% 33,3% 50,0% 0% 33,3% 30,8%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

?

. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
20,0% 5,4% 4,8% 7,7% 4,5% 12,5% 0% 0% 5,9%
0% 3,6% 4,8% 3,8% 9,1% 0% 0% 0% 4,6%
20,0% 26,8% 14,5% 13,5% 15,9% 0% 0% 16,7% 16,9%
0% 25,0% 17,7% 34,6% 22,7% 37,5% 0% 16,7% 24,1%
60,0% 39,3% 58,1% 40,4% 47,7% 50,0% 100,0% 66,7% 48,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

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.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24
0% 17,9% 46,8% 26,9% 35,6% 37,5% 25,0% 50,0% 31,9%
80,0% 21,4% 22,6% 23,1% 15,6% 25,0% 25,0% 0% 21,8%
20,0% 39,3% 14,5% 34,6% 28,9% 37,5% 50,0% 50,0% 29,8%
0% 12,5% 9,7% 13,5% 13,3% 0% 0% 0% 10,9%
0% 8,9% 6,5% 1,9% 6,7% 0% 0% 0% 5,5%
100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

395
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31. 2,537a 4 ,638
.
32. . 5,491a 4 ,241

33. . 8,285a 4 ,082

34.
4,050a 4 ,399
.
35. 3,622a 4 ,460
.
36. . 4,403a 4 ,354

37. 1,502a 4 ,826

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38. ,540a 4 ,970
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40. / /,
25,488a 4 ,001
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41. 7,799a 4 ,099
.
42. . 4,275a 4 ,370

43.
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.
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6,558a 4 ,161
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46. 1,694a 4 ,792
.
47. 17,088a 4 ,002
.
48. 4,190a 4 ,381
.
49. 14,176a 4 ,007
.
50. 8,655a 4 ,070
.
51. 2,260a 4 ,688
.
52.
, 3,745a 4 ,442
.
53. 3,584a 4 ,465
.
54. 8,273a 4 ,082
, .

396
55.
, 6,149a 4 ,188
.
56.
6,180a 4 ,186
.
57. . 3,266a 4 ,514

58. , 6,045a 4 ,196

.
59.
6,762a 4 ,149
.
60. 8,187a 4 ,085
.

397
 12: -
- (

1) (0,05


)
1. 2,628a 4 ,622
.
2. . 9,150a 4 ,057

3. . 2,994a 4 ,559

4.
5,943a 4 ,203
.
5. 10,182a 4 ,037
.
6. . 7,739a 4 ,102

7. 11,545a 4 ,021
.
8. 8,648a 4 ,071
.
9. 8,071a 4 ,089
.
10. / /,
8,509a 4 ,075
.
11. 5,087a 4 ,278
.
12. . 14,768a 4 ,005

13.
30,648a 4 ,001
.
14.
, 11,875a 4 ,018
.
15. ,
7,182a 4 ,127
.
16. 9,229a 4 ,056
.
17. 4,359a 4 ,360
.
18. 8,287a 4 ,082
.
19. 5,471a 4 ,242
.
20. 4,153a 4 ,386
.
21. 16,978a 4 ,002
.
22.
, 5,835a 4 ,212
.
23. 2,644a 4 ,619
.
24. 13,921a 4 ,008
, .

398
25.
, 3,674a 4 ,452
.
26.
11,204a 4 ,024
.
27. . 11,158a 4 ,025

28. , 9,345a 4 ,053

.
29.
8,825a 4 ,066
.
30. 10,196a 4 ,037
.

399
 13: -
- (

1) (0,05


)
1. 9,448a 4 ,051
.
2. . 29,587a 4 ,001

3. . 26,635a 4 ,001

4.
18,433a 4 ,001
.
5. 44,665a 4 ,001
.
6. . 4,716a 4 ,318

7. 30,255a 4 ,001
.
8. 9,247a 4 ,055
.
9. 23,339a 4 ,001
.
10. / /,
57,324a 4 ,001
.
11. 31,632a 4 ,001
.
12. . 3,941a 4 ,414

13.
28,244a 4 ,001
.
14.
, 7,352a 4 ,118
.
15. ,
1,966a 4 ,742
.
16. 8,599a 4 ,072
.
17. 36,162a 4 ,001
.
18. 11,534a 4 ,021
.
19. 12,412a 4 ,015
.
20. 30,535a 4 ,001
.
21. 5,755a 4 ,218
.
22.
, 17,524a 4 ,002
.
23. 5,013a 4 ,286
.
24. 14,186a 4 ,007
, .

400
25.
, 15,094a 4 ,005
.
26.
20,747a 4 ,001
.
27. . 14,906a 4 ,005

28. , 19,276a 4 ,001

.
29.
29,446a 4 ,001
.
30. 16,009a 4 ,003
.

401
 14: -
- (

1) (0,05


)
1. 8,202a 8 ,414
.
2. . 4,776a 8 ,781

3. . 13,155a 8 ,107

4.
11,066a 8 ,198
.
5. 7,716a 8 ,462
.
6. . 17,742a 8 ,023

7. 13,025a 8 ,111
.
8. 6,138a 8 ,632
.
9. 9,123a 8 ,332
.
10. / /,
5,608a 8 ,691
.
11. 4,005a 8 ,857
.
12. . 7,310a 8 ,504

13.
22,772a 8 ,004
.
14.
, 8,546a 8 ,382
.
15. ,
13,589a 8 ,093
.
16. 5,891a 8 ,659
.
17. 13,004a 8 ,112
.
18. 8,513a 8 ,385
.
19. 12,002a 8 ,151
.
20. 11,121a 8 ,195
.
21. 9,708a 8 ,286
.
22.
, 8,687a 8 ,369
.
23. 4,836a 8 ,775
.
24. 8,511a 8 ,385
, .

402
25.
, 2,433a 8 ,965
.
26.
12,572a 8 ,127
.
27. . 10,032a 8 ,263

28. , 15,376a 8 ,052

.
29.
13,669a 8 ,091
.
30. 20,195a 8 ,010
.

403
 15: -
- (

1) (0,05


)
1. 19,057a 16 ,266
.
2. . 10,217a 16 ,855

3. . 32,066a 16 ,010

4.
14,163a 16 ,587
.
5. 20,307a 16 ,207
.
6. . 33,509a 16 ,006

7. 33,840a 16 ,006
.
8. 15,904a 16 ,460
.
9. 41,316a 16 ,001
.
10. / /,
21,076a 16 ,176
.
11. 18,833a 16 ,277
.
12. . 35,798a 16 ,003

13.
57,474a 16 ,001
.
14.
, 21,041a 16 ,177
.
15. ,
22,060a 16 ,141
.
16. 10,263a 16 ,853
.
17. 10,455a 16 ,842
.
18. 19,334a 16 ,252
.
19. 13,785a 16 ,615
.
20. 13,781a 16 ,615
.
21. 28,722a 16 ,026
.
22.
, 14,083a 16 ,593
.
23. 18,517a 16 ,295
.
24. 42,701a 16 ,001
, .

404
25.
, 17,070a 16 ,381
.
26.
33,737a 16 ,006
.
27. . 32,810a 16 ,008

28. , 53,394a 16 ,001

.
29.
28,978a 16 ,024
.
30. 35,734a 16 ,003
.

405
 16: -
- (

1) (0,05


)
1. 33,752a 28 ,209
.
2. . 28,091a 28 ,460

3. . 23,183a 28 ,724

4.
18,229a 28 ,920
.
5. 29,546a 28 ,385
.
6. . 16,376a 28 ,960

7. 21,861a 28 ,788
.
8. 32,798a 28 ,243
.
9. 31,059a 28 ,314
.
10. / /,
32,335a 28 ,261
.
11. 39,999a 28 ,066
.
12. . 31,813a 28 ,282

13.
30,207a 28 ,353
.
14.
, 34,761a 28 ,177
.
15. ,
24,105a 28 ,676
.
16. 40,376a 28 ,061
.
17. 35,790a 28 ,148
.
18. 30,538a 28 ,338
.
19. 33,584a 28 ,215
.
20. 26,057a 28 ,570
.
21. 34,900a 28 ,173
.
22.
, 29,182a 28 ,403
.
23. 39,867a 28 ,068
.
24. 25,520a 28 ,599
, .

406
25.
, 14,627a 28 ,982
.
26.
29,301a 28 ,397
.
27. . 28,431a 28 ,442

28. , 51,471a 28 ,004

.
29.
24,475a 28 ,656
.
30. 36,501a 28 ,130
.

407
 17.

Total Variance Explained

Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings

Componen % of Cumulative % of Cumulative % of Cumulative

t Total Variance % Total Variance % Total Variance %

1 5,361 17,869 17,869 5,361 17,869 17,869 4,027 13,423 13,423

2 4,495 14,982 32,851 4,495 14,982 32,851 2,830 9,434 22,857

3 2,965 9,884 42,735 2,965 9,884 42,735 2,756 9,186 32,044

4 1,426 4,755 47,490 1,426 4,755 47,490 2,338 7,792 39,836

5 1,222 4,074 51,564 1,222 4,074 51,564 2,009 6,696 46,531

6 1,137 3,790 55,354 1,137 3,790 55,354 1,836 6,121 52,652

7 1,079 3,597 58,951 1,079 3,597 58,951 1,825 6,085 58,737

8 1,029 3,429 62,380 1,029 3,429 62,380 1,093 3,643 62,380

9 ,942 3,139 65,519

10 ,905 3,015 68,534

11 ,774 2,582 71,116

12 ,721 2,403 73,519

13 ,690 2,301 75,819

14 ,670 2,232 78,052

15 ,634 2,112 80,163

16 ,599 1,997 82,160

17 ,556 1,852 84,012

18 ,532 1,775 85,787

19 ,486 1,620 87,406

20 ,467 1,555 88,961

21 ,427 1,424 90,386

22 ,410 1,366 91,752

23 ,395 1,316 93,068

24 ,375 1,249 94,317

25 ,341 1,136 95,453

26 ,335 1,116 96,569

27 ,290 ,968 97,537

28 ,273 ,909 98,445

29 ,258 ,861 99,307

30 ,208 ,693 100,000

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

408
 18.

409
 19.

a
Component Matrix

Component

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
,701

.
,701
,

.
,652

.
,650
,


.
,646

.
,597
.
,582
.
,578


.
,564


.
,547
.

410
 ,498 ,449 -,407



.
,459 -,425 -,417

.
/ ,618
/,

.
,609
,

.
,603

.
,594


.
,567 ,420


.
,522



.
,507 -,444



.
,498 ,435
.

411
 ,498 ,472

.
,470

,


.
,469 ,447


.
,462
.
,423 -,411



.
,598

,

.
,587

,

.
,524 ,429


.


.
,431 ,465


.

412
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
a. 8 components extracted.

413
 20. :
:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ;
4 ; 5

( : ;

)

1 2 3 4 5

1.
28,6% 14,7% 30,7% 17,6% 8,4%
.

2.
60,9% 14,7% 9,2% 10,5% 4,6%
.

3.
3,4% 8,5% 16,6% 28,1% 43,4%
.

4. /
/,
3,4% 6,4% 17,8% 18,2% 54,2%

.

5.
32,6% 10,9% 21,3% 17,6% 17,6%
.

6.
24,4% 18% 23,8% 22,6% 10,9%
.

7.
1,7% 4,2% 9,2% 29,4% 55,4%
.

8.
, 67,4% 11,3% 13,8% 3,8% 3,8%
.

9.
, 66,4% 13,4% 14,3% 4,6% 1,3%
.

10. ,
17,1% 7,7% 19,7% 24,8% 30,8%
.

414
 21. :
:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ;
4 ; 5

( : ;

)

1 2 3 4 5

1. . 12,6% 10,5% 27,3% 26,1% 23,5%

2.
13,4% 12,2% 34,9% 15,1% 24,4%
.

3.
48,3% 15% 20,4% 11,3% 5%
.

4.
5,4% 6,3% 24,3% 23,4% 40,6%
.

5.
, 20,4% 13,8% 23,3% 28,8% 13,8%
.

6.
10,9% 13% 23% 26,4% 26,8%
.

7.
36,8% 17,2% 33,1% 9,2% 3,8%
.

8.
27,5% 17,1% 25,4% 22,9% 7,1%
.

9.
9,6% 6,7% 25,9% 26,9% 31%
.

10.
5,9% 4,6% 16,9% 24,1% 48,5%
.

415
 22. :
:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ;
4 ; 5

( : ;

)

1 2 3 4 5

1. . 4,2% 3,8% 12,6% 27,3% 52,1%

2.
15,5% 21,8% 43,3% 14,3% 5%
.

3.
14% 14,9% 27,2% 18,7% 25,1%
.

4.
13,3% 11,2% 35,2% 20,6% 19,7%
.

5.
, 13,9% 13% 29% 29,4% 14,7%
.

6.
27,2% 19,2% 26,8% 18,4% 8,4%
.

7.
14,2% 14,2% 33,5% 25,5% 12,6%
.

8.
, 14,2% 8,4% 27,2% 28,5% 21,8%
.

9.
14,8% 8% 19,8% 29,1% 28,3%
.

10.
31,9% 21,8% 29,8% 10,9% 5,5%
.

416
 23. :

:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
; 5
( : ;
)
1 2 3 4 5



1. 28,6% 14,7% 30,7% 17,6% 8,4%
.
26,7% 10,0% 36,7% 16,7% 10,0%
29,2% 16,3% 28,7% 18,0% 7,9%

2. 60,9% 14,7% 9,2% 10,5% 4,6%
.
65,0% 11,7% 13,3% 8,3% 1,7%
59,6% 15,7% 7,9% 11,2% 5,6%
3. . 3,4% 8,5% 16,6% 28,1% 43,4%
5,3% 8,8% 19,3% 28,1% 38,6%
2,8% 8,4% 15,7% 28,1% 44,9%
/ /,
4. 3,4% 6,4% 17,8% 18,2% 54,2%
.
5,3% 10,5% 33,3% 24,6% 26,3%
2,8% 5,0% 12,8% 16,2% 63,1%

5. 32,6% 10,9% 21,3% 17,6% 17,6%
.
28,3% 13,3% 23,3% 21,7% 13,3%
34,1% 10,1% 20,7% 16,2% 19,0%

6. 24,4% 18% 23,8% 22,6% 10,9%
.
26,7% 20,0% 26,7% 18,3% 8,3%
24,0% 17,3% 22,9% 24,0% 11,7%

7. 1,7% 4,2% 9,2% 29,4% 55,4%
.
1,7% 10,0% 16,7% 30,0% 41,7%
1,7% 2,2% 6,7% 29,4% 60,0%

8. , 67,4% 11,3% 13,8% 3,8% 3,8%
.
60,0% 15,0% 13,3% 5,0% 6,7%
69,8% 10,1% 14,0% 3,4% 2,8%

9. , 66,4% 13,4% 14,3% 4,6% 1,3%
.
53,3% 18,3% 20,0% 6,7% 1,7%
70,8% 11,8% 12,4% 3,9% 1,1%
,
10. 17,1% 7,7% 19,7% 24,8% 30,8%
.
16,9% 13,6% 18,6% 28,8% 22,0%
17,1% 5,7% 20,0% 23,4% 33,7%

417
 24. :
:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
; 5
( : ;
)
1 2 3 4 5


1. . 12,6% 10,5% 27,3% 26,1% 23,5%
11,9% 11,9% 35,6% 27,1% 13,6%
12,8% 10,1% 24,6% 25,7% 26,8%
2. . 13,4% 12,2% 34,9% 15,1% 24,4%
18,3% 13,3% 38,3% 11,7% 18,3%
11,8% 11,8% 33,7% 16,3% 26,4%
3.
48,3% 15% 20,4% 11,3% 5%
.
46,7% 13,3% 23,3% 11,7% 5,0%
48,9% 15,6% 19,4% 11,1% 5,0%
4.
5,4% 6,3% 24,3% 23,4% 40,6%
.
3,4% 13,6% 25,4% 20,3% 37,3%
6,1% 3,9% 23,9% 24,4% 41,7%
5. ,
20,4% 13,8% 23,3% 28,8% 13,8%
.
20,0% 16,7% 20,0% 28,3% 15,0%
20,6% 12,8% 24,4% 28,9% 13,3%
6.
10,9% 13% 23% 26,4% 26,8%
.
15,0% 21,7% 28,3% 26,7% 8,3%
9,5% 10,1% 21,2% 26,3% 33,0%
7.
36,8% 17,2% 33,1% 9,2% 3,8%
.
22,0% 22,0% 37,3% 11,9% 6,8%
41,7% 15,6% 31,7% 8,3% 2,8%
8.
27,5% 17,1% 25,4% 22,9% 7,1%
.
23,3% 11,7% 30,0% 28,3% 6,7%
28,9% 18,9% 23,9% 21,1% 7,2%
9.
9,6% 6,7% 25,9% 26,9% 31%
.
10,0% 8,3% 36,7% 20,0% 25,0%
9,5% 6,1% 22,3% 29,1% 33,0%
10.
5,9% 4,6% 16,9% 24,1% 48,5%
.
10,2% 6,8% 20,3% 27,1% 35,6%
4,5% 3,9% 15,7% 23,0% 52,8%

418
 25. :

:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
; 5
( : ;
)
1 2 3 4 5


1. . 4,2% 3,8% 12,6% 27,3% 52,1%
6,9% 8,6% 15,5% 27,6% 41,4%
3,3% 2,2% 11,7% 27,2% 55,6%
2. . 15,5% 21,8% 43,3% 14,3% 5%
8,5% 22,0% 52,5% 11,9% 5,1%
17,9% 21,8% 40,2% 15,1% 5,0%
3.
14% 14,9% 27,2% 18,7% 25,1%
.
8,8% 10,5% 26,3% 17,5% 36,8%
15,7% 16,3% 27,5% 19,1% 21,3%
4. . 13,3% 11,2% 35,2% 20,6% 19,7%
14,0% 14,0% 24,6% 26,3% 21,1%
13,1% 10,2% 38,6% 18,8% 19,3%
5. ,
13,9% 13% 29% 29,4% 14,7%
.
14,0% 14,0% 24,6% 26,3% 21,1%
13,1% 10,2% 38,6% 18,8% 19,3%
6.
27,2% 19,2% 26,8% 18,4% 8,4%
.
22,0% 20,3% 35,6% 16,9% 5,1%
28,9% 18,9% 23,9% 18,9% 9,4%
7.
14,2% 14,2% 33,5% 25,5% 12,6%
.
10,0% 15,0% 40,0% 23,3% 11,7%
15,6% 14,0% 31,3% 26,3% 12,8%
8. ,
14,2% 8,4% 27,2% 28,5% 21,8%
.
6,7% 6,7% 38,3% 23,3% 25,0%
16,8% 8,9% 23,5% 30,2% 20,7%
9. . 14,8% 8% 19,8% 29,1% 28,3%
13,3% 13,3% 20,0% 28,3% 25,0%
15,3% 6,2% 19,8% 29,4% 29,4%
10.
31,9% 21,8% 29,8% 10,9% 5,5%
.
20,0% 25,0% 30,0% 18,3% 6,7%
36,0% 20,8% 29,8% 8,4% 5,1%

419
 26. :

:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
; 5
( : ;
)
1 2 3 4 5



1. 28,6% 14,7% 30,7% 17,6% 8,4%
.
28,0% 13,6% 28,0% 20,3% 10,2%
29,2% 15,8% 33,3% 15,0% 6,7%

2. 60,9% 14,7% 9,2% 10,5% 4,6%
.
62,7% 15,3% 11,9% 7,6% 2,5%
59,2% 14,2% 6,7% 13,3% 6,7%
3. . 3,4% 8,5% 16,6% 28,1% 43,4%
4,3% 11,1% 23,1% 24,8% 36,8%
2,5% 5,9% 10,2% 31,4% 50,0%
/ /,
4. 3,4% 6,4% 17,8% 18,2% 54,2%
.
3,4% 8,4% 16,8% 11,8% 59,7%
3,4% 4,3% 18,8% 24,8% 48,7%

5. 32,6% 10,9% 21,3% 17,6% 17,6%
.
45,8% 14,4% 19,5% 11,9% 8,5%
19,8% 7,4% 23,1% 23,1% 26,4%

6. 24,7% 18% 23,8% 22,6% 10,9%
.
20,3% 16,1% 23,7% 30,5% 9,3%
28,9% 19,8% 24,0% 14,9% 12,4%

7. 1,7% 4,2% 9,2% 29,4% 55,4%
.
0% 5,0% 10,9% 27,7% 56,3%
3,3% 3,3% 7,4% 31,4% 54,5%

8. , 67,4% 11,3% 13,8% 3,8% 3,8%
.
67,8% 11,9% 15,3% 4,2% 0,8%
66,9% 10,7% 12,4% 3,3% 6,6%

9. , 66,4% 13,4% 14,3% 4,6% 1,3%
.
66,1% 13,6% 16,9% 2,5% ,8%
66,7% 13,3% 11,7% 6,7% 1,7%
,
10. 17,1% 7,7% 19,7% 24,8% 30,8%
.
21,9% 8,8% 23,7% 19,3% 26,3%
12,5% 6,7% 15,8% 30,0% 35,0%

420
 27. :

:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
; 5
( : ;
)
1 2 3 4 5


1. . 12,6% 10,5% 27,3% 26,1% 23,5%
13,6% 8,5% 21,2% 26,3% 30,5%
11,7% 12,5% 33,3% 25,8% 16,7%
2. . 13,4% 12,2% 34,9% 15,1% 24,4%
20,2% 11,8% 29,4% 14,3% 24,4%
6,7% 12,6% 40,3% 16,0% 24,4%

3. 48,3% 15% 20,4% 11,3% 5%
.
51,3% 10,1% 20,2% 15,1% 3,4%
45,5% 19,8% 20,7% 7,4% 6,6%

4. 5,4% 6,3% 24,3% 23,4% 40,6%
.
8,4% 5,0% 25,2% 21,0% 40,3%
2,5% 7,5% 23,3% 25,8% 40,8%
,
5. 20,4% 13,8% 23,3% 28,8% 13,8%
.
27,7% 16,8% 19,3% 23,5% 12,6%
13,2% 10,7% 27,3% 33,9% 14,9%

6. 10,9% 13% 23% 26,4% 26,8%
.
10,1% 9,2% 23,5% 26,1% 31,1%
11,7% 16,7% 22,5% 26,7% 22,5%

7. 36,8% 17,2% 33,1% 9,2% 3,8%
.
39,0% 19,5% 30,5% 9,3% 1,7%
34,7% 14,9% 35,5% 9,1% 5,8%

8. 27,5% 17,1% 25,4% 22,9% 7,1%
.
30,3% 15,1% 26,1% 23,5% 5,0%
24,8% 19,0% 24,8% 22,3% 9,1%

9. 9,6% 6,7% 25,9% 26,9% 31%
.
14,3% 5,9% 28,6% 19,3% 31,9%
5,0% 7,5% 23,3% 34,2% 30,0%

10. 5,9% 4,6% 16,9% 24,1% 48,5%
.
6,8% 6,8% 22,0% 22,9% 41,5%
5,0% 2,5% 11,8% 25,2% 55,5%

421
 28. :

:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
; 5
( : ;
)
1 2 3 4 5


1. . 4,2% 3,8% 12,6% 27,3% 52,1%
5,1% 3,4% 15,3% 28,8% 47,5%
3,3% 4,2% 10,0% 25,8% 56,7%
2. . 15,5% 21,8% 43,3% 14,3% 5%
21,0% 19,3% 44,5% 11,8% 3,4%
10,1% 24,4% 42,0% 16,8% 6,7%
3.
14% 14,9% 27,2% 18,7% 25,1%
.
16,5% 15,7% 33,0% 14,8% 20,0%
11,7% 14,2% 21,7% 22,5% 30,0%
4. . 13,3% 11,2% 35,2% 20,6% 19,7%
16,4% 16,4% 37,9% 14,7% 14,7%
10,3% 6,0% 32,5% 26,5% 24,8%
5. ,
13,9% 13% 29% 29,4% 14,7%
.
17,9% 14,5% 30,8% 26,5% 10,3%
9,9% 11,6% 27,3% 32,2% 19,0%
6.
27,2% 19,2% 26,8% 18,4% 8,4%
.
31,1% 16,0% 29,4% 19,3% 4,2%
23,3% 22,5% 24,2% 17,5% 12,5%
7.
14,2% 14,2% 33,5% 25,5% 12,6%
.
21,0% 17,6% 33,6% 20,2% 7,6%
7,5% 10,8% 33,3% 30,8% 17,5%
8. ,
14,2% 8,4% 27,2% 28,5% 21,8%
.
19,3% 10,9% 28,6% 27,7% 13,4%
9,2% 5,8% 25,8% 29,2% 30,0%
9. . 14,8% 8% 19,8% 29,1% 28,3%
21,2% 9,3% 21,2% 26,3% 22,0%
8,4% 6,7% 18,5% 31,9% 34,5%
10.
31,9% 21,8% 29,8% 10,9% 5,5%
.
36,4% 22,9% 31,4% 7,6% 1,7%
27,5% 20,8% 28,3% 14,2% 9,2%

422
 29. :

:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
; 5
( : ;
)
1 2 3 4 5




1. 28,6% 14,7% 30,7% 17,6% 8,4%
.
27,5% 11,7% 26,7% 24,2% 10,0%
29,7% 17,8% 34,7% 11,0% 6,8%

2. 60,9% 14,7% 9,2% 10,5% 4,6%
.
58,7% 11,6% 5,8% 15,7% 8,3%
63,2% 17,9% 12,8% 5,1% ,9%

3. 3,4% 8,5% 16,6% 28,1% 43,4%
.
3,3% 5,0% 7,4% 25,6% 58,7%
3,5% 12,3% 26,3% 30,7% 27,2%
/ /,
4. 3,4% 6,4% 17,8% 18,2% 54,2%
.
3,3% 1,6% 4,1% 15,6% 75,4%
3,5% 11,4% 32,5% 21,1% 31,6%

5. 32,6% 10,9% 21,3% 17,6% 17,6%
.
28,7% 10,7% 11,5% 22,1% 27,0%
36,8% 11,1% 31,6% 12,8% 7,7%

6. 24,7% 18% 23,8% 22,6% 10,9%
.
24,8% 14,9% 19,0% 28,9% 12,4%
24,6% 21,2% 28,8% 16,1% 9,3%

7. 1,7% 4,2% 9,2% 29,4% 55,4%
.
,8% 2,5% 4,1% 29,5% 63,1%
2,5% 5,9% 14,4% 29,7% 47,5%

8. , 67,4% 11,3% 13,8% 3,8% 3,8%
.
76,9% 7,4% 8,3% 1,7% 5,8%
57,6% 15,3% 19,5% 5,9% 1,7%

9. , 66,4% 13,4% 14,3% 4,6% 1,3%
.
77,5% 10,8% 9,2% 1,7% 0,8%
55,1% 16,1% 19,5% 7,6% 1,7%
,
10. 17,1% 7,7% 19,7% 24,8% 30,8%
.
14,2% 5,8% 14,2% 22,5% 43,3%
20,2% 9,6% 25,4% 27,2% 17,5%

423
 30. :

:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
; 5
( : ;
)
1 2 3 4 5


1. . 12,6% 10,5% 27,3% 26,1% 23,5%
14,8% 8,2% 14,8% 27,9% 34,4%
10,3% 12,9% 40,5% 24,1% 12,1%
2. . 13,4% 12,2% 34,9% 15,1% 24,4%
12,4% 8,3% 19,8% 21,5% 38,0%
14,5% 16,2% 50,4% 8,5% 10,3%
3. 48,3% 15% 20,4% 11,3% 5%
.
54,9% 17,2% 13,9% 9,0% 4,9%
41,5% 12,7% 27,1% 13,6% 5,1%
4. 5,4% 6,3% 24,3% 23,4% 40,6%
.
2,5% 3,3% 13,9% 25,4% 54,9%
8,5% 9,4% 35,0% 21,4% 25,6%
5. , 20,4% 13,8% 23,3% 28,8% 13,8%

.
18,0% 10,7% 24,6% 27,9% 18,9%
22,9% 16,9% 22,0% 29,7% 8,5%
6. 10,9% 13% 23% 26,4% 26,8%
.
5,7% 9,0% 14,8% 29,5% 41,0%
16,2% 17,1% 31,6% 23,1% 12,0%
7. 36,8% 17,2% 33,1% 9,2% 3,8%
.
50,0% 19,7% 25,4% 2,5% 2,5%
23,1% 14,5% 41,0% 16,2% 5,1%
8. 27,5% 17,1% 25,4% 22,9% 7,1%
.
32,0% 18,0% 20,5% 23,8% 5,7%
22,9% 16,1% 30,5% 22,0% 8,5%
9. 9,6% 6,7% 25,9% 26,9% 31%

.
6,6% 6,6% 16,5% 28,1% 42,1%
12,7% 6,8% 35,6% 25,4% 19,5%
10. 5,9% 4,6% 16,9% 24,1% 48,5%
.
4,1% 3,3% 7,4% 20,7% 64,5%
7,8% 6,0% 26,7% 27,6% 31,9%

424
 31. :

:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
; 5
( : ;
)
1 2 3 4 5



1. . 4,2% 3,8% 12,6% 27,3% 52,1%
1,6% 0% 8,2% 24,6% 65,6%
6,9% 7,8% 17,2% 30,2% 37,9%
2. . 15,5% 21,8% 43,3% 14,3% 5%
16,4% 24,6% 37,7% 17,2% 4,1%
14,7% 19,0% 49,1% 11,2% 6,0%

3. 14% 14,9% 27,2% 18,7% 25,1%
.
18,5% 20,2% 25,2% 22,7% 13,4%
9,5% 9,5% 29,3% 14,7% 37,1%
4. . 13,3% 11,2% 35,2% 20,6% 19,7%
16,8% 8,4% 35,3% 20,2% 19,3%
9,6% 14,0% 35,1% 21,1% 20,2%
,
5. 13,9% 13% 29% 29,4% 14,7%
.
15,7% 12,4% 28,9% 26,4% 16,5%
12,0% 13,7% 29,1% 32,5% 12,8%

6. 27,2% 19,2% 26,8% 18,4% 8,4%
.
26,2% 18,9% 19,7% 24,6% 10,7%
28,2% 19,7% 34,2% 12,0% 6,0%

7. 14,2% 14,2% 33,5% 25,5% 12,6%
.
16,4% 12,3% 27,9% 28,7% 14,8%
12,0% 16,2% 39,3% 22,2% 10,3%
,
8. 14,2% 8,4% 27,2% 28,5% 21,8%
.
16,4% 7,4% 17,2% 32,8% 26,2%
12,0% 9,4% 37,6% 23,9% 17,1%
9. . 14,8% 8% 19,8% 29,1% 28,3%
15,7% 4,1% 14,9% 28,1% 37,2%
13,8% 12,1% 25,0% 30,2% 19,0%

10. 31,9% 21,8% 29,8% 10,9% 5,5%
.
43,0% 19,0% 25,6% 6,6% 5,8%
20,5% 24,8% 34,2% 15,4% 5,1%

425
 32. :

:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
; 5
( : ;
)
1 2 3 4 5



1. 28,6% 14,7% 30,7% 17,6% 8,4%
.
30,3% 11,8% 33,6% 13,4% 10,9%
22,2% 17,8% 28,9% 26,7% 4,4%
29,7% 17,6% 27,0% 18,9% 6,8%

2. 60,9% 14,7% 9,2% 10,5% 4,6%
.
63,0% 14,3% 9,2% 9,2% 4,2%
56,8% 25,0% 4,5% 13,6% 0%
60,0% 9,3% 12,0% 10,7% 8,0%
3. . 3,4% 8,5% 16,6% 28,1% 43,4%
3,4% 9,3% 21,2% 28,0% 38,1%
9,1% 6,8% 15,9% 22,7% 45,5%
0% 8,2% 9,6% 31,5% 50,7%
/ /,
4. 3,4% 6,4% 17,8% 18,2% 54,2%
.
3,3% 8,3% 18,3% 15,8% 54,2%
4,5% 6,8% 20,5% 13,6% 54,5%
2,8% 2,8% 15,3% 25,0% 54,2%

5. 32,6% 10,9% 21,3% 17,6% 17,6%
.
37,0% 13,4% 24,4% 11,8% 13,4%
44,4% 11,1% 13,3% 20,0% 11,1%
18,7% 6,7% 21,3% 25,3% 28,0%

6. 24,7% 18% 23,8% 22,6% 10,9%
.
21,7% 15,8% 22,5% 27,5% 12,5%
29,5% 15,9% 25,0% 20,5% 9,1%
26,7% 22,7% 25,3% 16,0% 9,3%

7. 1,7% 4,2% 9,2% 29,4% 55,4%
.
0,8% 5,8% 12,5% 26,7% 54,2%
4,4% 4,4% 8,9% 22,2% 60,0%
1,3% 1,3% 4,0% 38,7% 54,7%

8. 67,4% 11,3% 13,8% 3,8% 3,8%
, .
65,5% 15,1% 14,3% 3,4% 1,7%
75,6% 2,2% 11,1% 4,4% 6,7%
65,3% 10,7% 14,7% 4,0% 5,3%

9. 66,4% 13,4% 14,3% 4,6% 1,3%
, .
66,1% 14,4% 15,3% 3,4% 0,8%
64,4% 15,6% 13,3% 4,4% 2,2%
68,0% 10,7% 13,3% 6,7% 1,3%
,
10. 17,1% 7,7% 19,7% 24,8% 30,8%
.
20,7% 9,5% 22,4% 18,1% 29,3%
22,7% 6,8% 20,5% 20,5% 29,5%
8,1% 5,4% 14,9% 37,8% 33,8%

426
 33. :

:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
; 5
( : ;
)
1 2 3 4 5


1. . 12,6% 10,5% 27,3% 26,1% 23,5%
15,1% 10,9% 22,7% 27,7% 23,5%
11,1% 8,9% 28,9% 22,2% 28,9%
9,5% 10,8% 33,8% 25,7% 20,3%
2. . 13,4% 12,2% 34,9% 15,1% 24,4%
18,3% 12,5% 30,0% 14,2% 25,0%
11,4% 11,4% 40,9% 18,2% 18,2%
6,8% 12,2% 39,2% 14,9% 27,0%
3. 48,3% 15% 20,4% 11,3% 5%
.
47,5% 14,2% 19,2% 14,2% 5,0%
48,9% 15,6% 15,6% 11,1% 8,9%
49,3% 16,0% 25,3% 6,7% 2,7%
4. 5,4% 6,3% 24,3% 23,4% 40,6%
.
5,9% 6,7% 23,5% 19,3% 44,5%
4,4% 6,7% 28,9% 28,9% 31,1%
5,3% 5,3% 22,7% 26,7% 40,0%
5. , 20,4% 13,8% 23,3% 28,8% 13,8%

.
23,3% 12,5% 22,5% 25,8% 15,8%
26,7% 17,8% 22,2% 22,2% 11,1%
12,0% 13,3% 25,3% 37,3% 12,0%
6. 10,9% 13% 23% 26,4% 26,8%
.
10,8% 12,5% 25,8% 20,0% 30,8%
11,4% 15,9% 15,9% 22,7% 34,1%
10,7% 12,0% 22,7% 38,7% 16,0%
7. 36,8% 17,2% 33,1% 9,2% 3,8%
.
37,8% 16,0% 31,1% 11,8% 3,4%
40,0% 28,9% 26,7% 2,2% 2,2%
33,3% 12,0% 40,0% 9,3% 5,3%
8. 27,5% 17,1% 25,4% 22,9% 7,1%
.
28,3% 18,3% 21,7% 24,2% 7,5%
26,7% 13,3% 33,3% 24,4% 2,2%
26,7% 17,3% 26,7% 20,0% 9,3%
9. 9,6% 6,7% 25,9% 26,9% 31%
.
12,6% 5,9% 31,1% 24,4% 26,1%
11,1% 11,1% 24,4% 26,7% 26,7%
4,0% 5,3% 18,7% 30,7% 41,3%
10. 5,9% 4,6% 16,9% 24,1% 48,5%
.
6,8% 5,9% 24,6% 20,3% 42,4%
4,5% 2,3% 13,6% 27,3% 52,3%
5,3% 4,0% 6,7% 28,0% 56,0%

427
 34. :

:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
; 5
( : ;
)
1 2 3 4 5



1. . 4,2% 3,8% 12,6% 27,3% 52,1%
5,1% 7,6% 11,9% 28,0% 47,5%
6,7% 0% 13,3% 28,9% 51,1%
1,3% 0% 13,3% 25,3% 60,0%
2. . 15,5% 21,8% 43,3% 14,3% 5%
20,0% 20,0% 40,8% 10,8% 8,3%
20,0% 20,0% 37,8% 22,2% 0%
5,5% 26,0% 50,7% 15,1% 2,7%

3. 14% 14,9% 27,2% 18,7% 25,1%
.
18,5% 11,8% 28,6% 16,0% 25,2%
9,5% 21,4% 31,0% 14,3% 23,8%
9,5% 16,2% 23,0% 25,7% 25,7%
4. . 13,3% 11,2% 35,2% 20,6% 19,7%
12,8% 13,7% 39,3% 15,4% 18,8%
16,3% 9,3% 34,9% 20,9% 18,6%
12,3% 8,2% 28,8% 28,8% 21,9%
,
5. 13,9% 13% 29% 29,4% 14,7%
.
15,1% 11,8% 26,9% 32,8% 13,4%
17,8% 22,2% 31,1% 24,4% 4,4%
9,5% 9,5% 31,1% 27,0% 23,0%

6. 27,2% 19,2% 26,8% 18,4% 8,4%
.
31,9% 19,3% 27,7% 16,0% 5,0%
26,7% 20,0% 20,0% 24,4% 8,9%
20,0% 18,7% 29,3% 18,7% 13,3%

7. 14,2% 14,2% 33,5% 25,5% 12,6%
.
16,7% 20,0% 28,3% 22,5% 12,5%
13,3% 8,9% 37,8% 28,9% 11,1%
10,8% 8,1% 39,2% 28,4% 13,5%
,
8. 14,2% 8,4% 27,2% 28,5% 21,8%
.
19,2% 8,3% 27,5% 27,5% 17,5%
13,6% 11,4% 25,0% 25,0% 25,0%
6,7% 6,7% 28,0% 32,0% 26,7%
9. . 14,8% 8% 19,8% 29,1% 28,3%
17,8% 11,0% 22,0% 24,6% 24,6%
17,8% 6,7% 15,6% 31,1% 28,9%
8,1% 4,1% 18,9% 35,1% 33,8%

10. 31,9% 21,8% 29,8% 10,9% 5,5%
.
34,7% 26,3% 29,7% 8,5% ,8%
40,0% 15,6% 26,7% 13,3% 4,4%
22,7% 18,7% 32,0% 13,3% 13,3%

428
 35. :

:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
; 5
( : ;
)
1 2 3 4 5



1. 28,6% 14,7% 30,7% 17,6% 8,4%
.
- 23,6% 12,5% 40,3% 15,3% 8,3%
- 25,0% 19,2% 32,7% 15,4% 7,7%
- 38,9% 22,2% 16,7% 22,2% 0%
52,6% 5,3% 5,3% 26,3% 10,5%
- 27,3% 14,3% 29,9% 18,2% 10,4%

2. 60,9% 14,7% 9,2% 10,5% 4,6%
.
- 59,5% 20,3% 6,8% 10,8% 2,7%
- 57,7% 9,6% 9,6% 13,5% 9,6%
- 66,7% 16,7% 5,6% 5,6% 5,6%
78,9% 0% 5,3% 10,5% 5,3%
- 58,7% 16,0% 13,3% 9,3% 2,7%
3. . 3,4% 8,5% 16,6% 28,1% 43,4%
- 0% 9,7% 6,9% 31,9% 51,4%
- 0% 3,8% 11,5% 30,8% 53,8%
- 12,5% 0% 37,5% 25,0% 25,0%
5,3% 10,5% 21,1% 15,8% 47,4%
- 6,6% 11,8% 23,7% 26,3% 31,6%
/ /,
4. 3,4% 6,4% 17,8% 18,2% 54,2%
.
- 2,8% 1,4% 22,2% 22,2% 51,4%
- 2,0% 5,9% 7,8% 23,5% 60,8%
- 0% 5,9% 29,4% 23,5% 41,2%
10,5% 5,3% 15,8% 5,3% 63,2%
- 3,9% 11,7% 18,2% 13,0% 53,2%

5. 32,6% 10,9% 21,3% 17,6% 17,6%
.
- 24,3% 8,1% 23,0% 24,3% 20,3%
- 7,7% 7,7% 23,1% 26,9% 34,6%
- 27,8% 16,7% 27,8% 11,1% 16,7%
57,9% 5,3% 10,5% 21,1% 5,3%
- 52,6% 15,8% 19,7% 5,3% 6,6%

6. 24,7% 18% 23,8% 22,6% 10,9%
.
- 29,7% 12,2% 24,3% 20,3% 13,5%
- 23,5% 27,5% 21,6% 19,6% 7,8%
- 16,7% 22,2% 33,3% 16,7% 11,1%

429
 21,1% 10,5% 21,1% 31,6% 15,8%
- 23,4% 18,2% 23,4% 26,0% 9,1%

7. 1,7% 4,2% 9,2% 29,4% 55,4%
.
- 2,7% 2,7% 6,8% 31,1% 56,8%
- 1,9% 3,8% 3,8% 36,5% 53,8%
- 0% 5,6% 16,7% 27,8% 50,0%
0% 0% 5,3% 15,8% 78,9%
- 1,3% 6,5% 14,3% 27,3% 50,6%

8. , 67,4% 11,3% 13,8% 3,8% 3,8%
.
- 63,5% 13,5% 10,8% 4,1% 8,1%
- 71,2% 7,7% 11,5% 5,8% 3,8%
- 50,0% 16,7% 27,8% 5,6% 0%
73,7% 10,5% 15,8% 0% 0%
- 71,1% 10,5% 14,5% 2,6% 1,3%

9. 66,4% 13,4% 14,3% 4,6% 1,3%
, .
- 65,8% 13,7% 15,1% 4,1% 1,4%
- 69,2% 9,6% 13,5% 7,7% 0%
- 44,4% 22,2% 11,1% 16,7% 5,6%
78,9% 10,5% 10,5% 0% 0%
- 67,1% 14,5% 15,8% 1,3% 1,3%
,
10. 17,1% 7,7% 19,7% 24,8% 30,8%
.
- 13,9% 5,6% 19,4% 27,8% 33,3%
- 0% 7,7% 11,5% 42,3% 38,5%
- 16,7% 0% 5,6% 44,4% 33,3%
31,6% 0% 36,8% 5,3% 26,3%
- 28,8% 13,7% 24,7% 9,6% 23,3%

430
 36. :

:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
; 5
( : ;
)
1 2 3 4 5


1. . 12,6% 10,5% 27,3% 26,1% 23,5%
- 10,8% 14,9% 31,1% 27,0% 16,2%
- 11,8% 13,7% 23,5% 23,5% 27,5%
- 16,7% 5,6% 38,9% 16,7% 22,2%
11,1% 5,6% 22,2% 33,3% 27,8%
- 14,3% 6,5% 24,7% 27,3% 27,3%
2. . 13,4% 12,2% 34,9% 15,1% 24,4%
- 8,1% 10,8% 43,2% 13,5% 24,3%
- 9,8% 11,8% 29,4% 17,6% 31,4%
- 5,6% 27,8% 44,4% 5,6% 16,7%
15,8% 5,3% 42,1% 10,5% 26,3%
- 22,4% 11,8% 26,3% 18,4% 21,1%
3. 48,3% 15% 20,4% 11,3% 5%
.
- 48,6% 12,2% 21,6% 10,8% 6,8%
- 50,0% 19,2% 23,1% 3,8% 3,8%
- 50,0% 27,8% 16,7% 0% 5,6%
52,6% 5,3% 15,8% 15,8% 10,5%
- 45,5% 14,3% 19,5% 18,2% 2,6%
4. 5,4% 6,3% 24,3% 23,4% 40,6%
.
- 2,7% 4,1% 24,7% 28,8% 39,7%
- 3,8% 3,8% 19,2% 28,8% 44,2%
- 0% 16,7% 33,3% 16,7% 33,3%
15,8% 0% 21,1% 26,3% 36,8%
- 7,8% 9,1% 26,0% 15,6% 41,6%
5. , 20,4% 13,8% 23,3% 28,8% 13,8%

.
- 20,3% 17,6% 17,6% 29,7% 14,9%
- 13,5% 5,8% 28,8% 40,4% 11,5%
- 11,1% 5,6% 50,0% 22,2% 11,1%
26,3% 15,8% 26,3% 15,8% 15,8%
- 26,0% 16,9% 18,2% 24,7% 14,3%
6. 10,9% 13% 23% 26,4% 26,8%
.
- 9,6% 11,0% 17,8% 30,1% 31,5%
- 17,3% 13,5% 25,0% 26,9% 17,3%
- 5,6% 16,7% 33,3% 22,2% 22,2%
10,5% 5,3% 31,6% 21,1% 31,6%
- 9,1% 15,6% 22,1% 24,7% 28,6%
7. 36,8% 17,2% 33,1% 9,2% 3,8%
.
- 33,8% 16,2% 33,8% 12,2% 4,1%
- 38,5% 13,5% 40,4% 3,8% 3,8%
- 16,7% 16,7% 38,9% 16,7% 11,1%
36,8% 21,1% 31,6% 5,3% 5,3%
- 43,4% 19,7% 26,3% 9,2% 1,3%
8. 27,5% 17,1% 25,4% 22,9% 7,1%

431
 .
- 23,0% 16,2% 25,7% 31,1% 4,1%
- 25,0% 19,2% 25,0% 21,2% 9,6%
- 16,7% 16,7% 16,7% 27,8% 22,2%
26,3% 15,8% 21,1% 26,3% 10,5%
- 36,4% 16,9% 28,6% 14,3% 3,9%
9. 9,6% 6,7% 25,9% 26,9% 31%

.
- 6,8% 8,2% 21,9% 32,9% 30,1%
- 1,9% 7,7% 15,4% 36,5% 38,5%
- 5,6% 5,6% 16,7% 38,9% 33,3%
10,5% 0% 26,3% 15,8% 47,4%
- 18,2% 6,5% 39,0% 14,3% 22,1%
10. 5,9% 4,6% 16,9% 24,1% 48,5%
.
- 5,5% 1,4% 12,3% 28,8% 52,1%
- 2,0% 3,9% 5,9% 27,5% 60,8%
- 0% 5,6% 16,7% 16,7% 61,1%
10,5% 0% 31,6% 10,5% 47,4%
- 9,2% 9,2% 25,0% 22,4% 34,2%

432
 37. :

:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
; 5
( : ;
)
1 2 3 4 5



1. . 4,2% 3,8% 12,6% 27,3% 52,1%
- 2,8% 4,2% 13,9% 30,6% 48,6%
- 0% 1,9% 9,6% 19,2% 69,2%
- 22,2% 0% 22,2% 16,7% 38,9%
5,3% 5,3% 15,8% 10,5% 63,2%
- 3,9% 5,2% 10,4% 36,4% 44,2%
2. . 15,5% 21,8% 43,3% 14,3% 5%
- 12,3% 24,7% 41,1% 16,4% 5,5%
- 3,9% 29,4% 37,3% 19,6% 9,8%
- 11,1% 16,7% 50,0% 16,7% 5,6%
15,8% 21,1% 26,3% 26,3% 10,5%
- 27,3% 15,6% 51,9% 5,2% 0%

3. 14% 14,9% 27,2% 18,7% 25,1%
.
- 18,3% 12,7% 22,5% 26,8% 19,7%
- 7,8% 19,6% 25,5% 21,6% 25,5%
- 0% 0% 11,1% 22,2% 66,7%
5,3% 15,8% 21,1% 21,1% 36,8%
- 19,7% 17,1% 38,2% 7,9% 17,1%
4. . 13,3% 11,2% 35,2% 20,6% 19,7%
- 16,9% 9,9% 32,4% 26,8% 14,1%
- 3,9% 7,8% 35,3% 29,4% 23,5%
- 11,1% 11,1% 16,7% 16,7% 44,4%
0% 15,8% 36,8% 5,3% 42,1%
- 20,3% 13,5% 41,9% 13,5% 10,8%
,
5. 13,9% 13% 29% 29,4% 14,7%
.
- 12,2% 10,8% 31,1% 31,1% 14,9%
- 9,6% 11,5% 28,8% 32,7% 17,3%
- 11,1% 0% 11,1% 44,4% 33,3%
21,1% 10,5% 21,1% 26,3% 21,1%
- 17,3% 20,0% 33,3% 22,7% 6,7%

6. 27,2% 19,2% 26,8% 18,4% 8,4%
.
- 21,6% 25,7% 20,3% 20,3% 12,2%
- 21,2% 17,3% 25,0% 26,9% 9,6%
- 22,2% 16,7% 50,0% 5,6% 5,6%
36,8% 21,1% 26,3% 10,5% 5,3%
- 35,5% 14,5% 28,9% 15,8% 5,3%

7. 14,2% 14,2% 33,5% 25,5% 12,6%
.
- 12,2% 13,5% 29,7% 29,7% 14,9%
- 3,8% 9,6% 38,5% 28,8% 19,2%
- 0% 5,9% 35,3% 41,2% 17,6%
21,1% 10,5% 36,8% 21,1% 10,5%
- 24,7% 20,8% 32,5% 16,9% 5,2%
,
8. 14,2% 8,4% 27,2% 28,5% 21,8%
.
- 12,3% 11,0% 19,2% 27,4% 30,1%

433
 - 5,8% 1,9% 32,7% 34,6% 25,0%
- 22,2% 38,9% 38,9%
15,8% 10,5% 15,8% 21,1% 36,8%
- 24,7% 11,7% 35,1% 24,7% 3,9%
9. . 14,8% 8% 19,8% 29,1% 28,3%
- 13,7% 5,5% 21,9% 30,1% 28,8%
- 1,9% 7,7% 13,5% 42,3% 34,6%
- 5,9% 5,9% 11,8% 35,3% 41,2%
10,5% 5,3% 26,3% 15,8% 42,1%
- 27,6% 11,8% 22,4% 21,1% 17,1%

10. 31,9% 21,8% 29,8% 10,9% 5,5%
.
- 42,5% 13,7% 23,3% 15,1% 5,5%
- 13,5% 28,8% 32,7% 13,5% 11,5%
- 16,7% 16,7% 33,3% 27,8% 5,6%
26,3% 36,8% 26,3% 5,3% 5,3%
- 39,5% 22,4% 34,2% 2,6% 1,3%

434


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