TNH TON THIT K NG

NG DN KHNG KH

GV : ThS. Nguyn Duy Tu

08/2015 1
Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh
 MC TIU

- SV hiu
hi v trnh by
b c
c cng dng
d ng mt s
loi ming thi c s dng trong h thng
HKK trung tm
- SV hiu c nh hng ca cc yu t n
phn b lu lng
p g
- SV nm c cc phng php tnh ton ng
dn khng kh
- SV s dng
d tt phng
h php
h ma stt ng
u

tnh tn tht p sut ng ng dn khng kh
v chn qut cp,
cp hi gi
08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 2
 NI DUNG CHNG IV

Cu trc ca lung
g khng
g kh t ming
g thi v
ming ht

Phn phi gi cho khng gian iu ho

Tnh ton,
ton thit k ng ng dn khng kh

08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 3

 Cu trc ca lung khng kh t
ming
g tthi
v
ming
g ht
t
1. Lung khng kh t ming thi trn:
Xt mt lung khng kh c thi ra t mt
ming thi trn c ng knh do, tc u ra
ming
g thi l vo v c coi l pphn b u trn
ton tit din ming thi u ra (x=0). B qua tc
ng ca cc lc y ca khng kh trong phng
l lung.
ln l

08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 4

 Cu trc ca lung khng kh t
ming
g tthi
v
ming
g ht
t
+ Nhn xt
- Cng ra xa ming thi tc trung bnh ca
dng gim dn.
- Do nh hngg ca ma st khng g kh ngg yyn
bn ngoi nn tc lung ti bin bng 0, cn tc
ti vng tm lung vn cn duy tr c vo.
- Trong
T
on khi x < xd no
u tc tii tm

lung lun bng vo. Profil tc trn tit din trong
khong ny c dng hnh thang vi chiu cao bng
vo. St bin lung do ma st nn tc gim dn
cho n 0 st bin lung.

08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 5

 Cu trc ca lung khng kh t
ming
g tthi
v
ming
g ht
t
- Ngoi khong xd ngi ta gi l on chnh ca
lung tc ti tm vmax gim dn
dn.
- Cng vi vic gim tc , tit din ca lung
cng g tng
g ln do chuyn
y ng
g khuych
y tn. c

gii thch theo nh lut Becnuli : cc phn t khng
kh trong lung chuyn ng nn c p sut tnh
nh
h hn
h cc
phn
h t ng
yn
bn
b ngoi,
i khng
kh
kh xung quanh trn vo lung v to thnh mt b
phn ca lung nn tit din lung tng dn.dn Gc
n ca lung gi l gc mp khuych tn .

08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 6

 Cu trc ca lung khng kh t
ming
g tthi
v
ming
g ht
t
2. Lung khng kh t ming thi dt:
Tit din lung ch pht trin v pha cnh ln
ca ming thi, cn pha cnh cn li vic m rng
tit din
lung g l khng
g ngg k;do
; pha cnh
p ln
tip xc nhiu vi khng kh trong phng nn c
nhiu phn t xung quanh khuych tn vo lung
theo
h hng
h ny

08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 7

 Cu trc ca lung khng kh t
ming
g tthi
v
ming
g ht
t
3. Tnh ton thng s lung t ming thi:
+ Chiu di on u xd:
- Ming thi trn :
- Ming
g thi dt
:

+ Phn b tc ti trc chnh vmax:

08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 8

 Cu trc ca lung khng kh t
ming
g tthi
v
ming
g ht
t
- L gc mp khuych tn ca on u:
=14o30
30' vi ming thi trn v =12o40
40' vi ming
thi dt.
m - L hngg s pph thuc
vo kch thc v
loi ming thi: Chng hn ming thi trn tp u
m = 6,8, trn c loa khuych tn m = 1,35, ming
thi
hi dt
d m = 2,5.
2
Nh vy khi chn ming thi chng ta phi cn
c vo tr s m c c lung kh thi c tm vi
xa hoc gn.

08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 9

 Cu trc ca lung khng kh t
ming
g tthi
v
ming
g ht
t
4. Cu trc lung khng kh t ming ht:
Tc trung bnh ca lung nh sau:

V - Lu lng
g khngg kh trong
g lung,
g, ((m/s);
);
Fx -Tit din lung ti khong x cch ming ht,
(m).

08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 10

 Cu trc ca lung khng kh t
ming
g tthi
v
ming
g ht
t
- Lung khng kh trc ming thi c gc mp
khuych tn nh
nh, lung khng kh trc cc ming
ht chim ton b khng gian pha trc ming ht
- Lu lng
g khngg kh trong
g lung
g trc ming
g
thi tng dn do chuyn ng khuych tn ca
khng kh bn ngoi vo, cn lung khng kh trc
cc
ming
i h
ht c
lu
l l
lng kh
khng i
i.
-> Khi i ra xa cch ming ht mt khong cch
no tc lung trc ming ht gim nhanh
chng. Lung khng kh trc ming ht trit tiu
rt nhanh, hay ni cch khc l khng kh ch lun
chuyn ti mt khu vc nh gn ming ht.
08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 11
 Cu trc ca lung khng kh t
ming
g tthi
v
ming
g ht
t
Tc trn trc ca lung khng kh trc
ming ht xc nh

vo - Tc ti u vo ming ht, m/s;

d - ng
knhk h ca
ming
i ht,
h m;
x - Khong cch t ming ht ti im xc nh,
m
KH - H s ph thuc dng ming ht

08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 12

 Cu trc ca lung khng kh t
ming
g tthi
v
ming
g ht
t

08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 13

 Cu trc ca lung khng kh t
ming
g tthi
v
ming
g ht
t
T bng gi tr kH ta nhn thy tc khng kh
ti tm lung gim rt nhanh khi tng khong cch
x.
V d
:i vi ming
g thi trn b tr nh ln khi
tng (gc khuych tn 2 > 180o ); khi x=do th
vmax,x = 0,06.vo tc l tc khng kh ti tm lung
ch
h cn
6% tc ngay ming i h trong khi
ht,
khong cch bng do l rt nh, trn thc t cha
n 0,5m.
0 5m

08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 14

 Cu trc ca lung khng kh t
ming
g tthi
v
ming
g ht
t
Kt lun :
- Ming ht ch gy xo ng khng kh ti mt
vng rt nh trc n v do hu nh khng nh
hng g ti s lun chuyn
y khngg kh trong
g
phng.
- C th b tr ming ht nhng v tr bt k,
ngay bn
b cnh h ming
i thi
hi cng khng
kh h hng
nh h
n lung khng kh i ra ming thi.
- Do ht thi gi trong phng c u cn
b tr cc ming ht ri khp khng gian phng,
ng thi to ra s xo trn mnh bng qut hoc
lung gi cp
08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 15
 Phn phi gi cho khng gian
iu
u ho
o
1. Yu cu chung khi phn phi khng kh:
Yu cu chung khi phn phi khng kh cho
h thng l : ta phi to c s n nh v nhit
,
, m v vn
tc trongg vng
g cn iu ha. Nu
khng p ng c th s nh hng ln n s
cm nhn ca nhng ngi trong khng gian iu
h v
ha cc
thng
h s khc
kh khi thit
hi k.
k
m bo c s thoi mi trong vng
iu ha,
ha cc thng s sau cn c duy tr:

08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 16

 Phn phi gi cho khng gian
iu
u ho
o
- Nhit khng kh trong khong : 21,50 250C
- m tng i : 30
30 60%
- Tc khng kh: 0,25 m/s
- Gradien nhit
: 1 20 C
Nh vy, thc hin tt nhng yu cu v phn
b khng kh th vic b tr, lp t v la chn hp
l kch
k h c cng nh
h chng
h loi
l i cc
ming
i thi
hi c

xem l rt quan trng

08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 17

 Phn phi gi cho khng gian
iu
u ho
o
a. Mt s thut ng:
+ Vng u tin:
- Vng u tin l vng con ngi cm thy thoi
mi v pphi m bo yyu cu sau:
- Trnh s phn b nhit c tnh t ngt v
mc dao ng nhit khng qu 20C
- Tc
T di chuyn
h khng
kh kh trong khong
kh 01
0.1-
0.25 m/s
- Vng u tin c gii hn nh sau:
- cao tnh t sn H=1800mm (72 inches)
- Khong cch 2ft tnh t 2 mp tng

08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 18

 Phn phi gi cho khng gian
iu
u ho
o

08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 19

 Tnh ton nhit tha v m tha
+ Qung thi:
Qung thi l khong cch nm ngang tnh t
ming thi n mt ct ngang c vn tc c
gim n 50fpm
g p ((0.25m/s),
), 150fpm
p ((0.75m/s).
)
Qung thi c c biu din bng Tv , ch v ch
th vn tc ti ni qung thi c o. VD: T0.25 ch
th
h qung thi
hi c vn
tc
0.25
0 2 m/s.
/

08/2015 Tnh ton ng ng dn khng kh 20