Korienje biomase u malim kogeneracionim postrojenjima potencijal i

tehnologije

Vladimir Vukainovi, Milun Babi, Duan Gordi, Dubravka Jeli, Davor Konalovi
Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Fakultet inenjerskih nauka, Sestre Janji 6, 34000 Kragujevac

ABSTRACT

Tenja da se smanji emisija gasova staklene bate (GHG), kao i potreba za obezbeivanjem
sigurnosti u snabdevanju energentima, dovele su do vee primene energetski efikasnih tehnologija i
obnovljivih izvora energije (OIE). Kogeneracija (simultana proizvodnja toplote i elektrine
energije) predstavlja jedan od najpovoljnijih vidova energetski efikasne tehnologije, jer su gubici
primarne energije manji nego kod odvojenog generisanja toplote i elektrine energije, a samim tim i
manja emisija GHG. U Evropskoj Uniji oko 70% sistema daljinskog grejanja se zasniva na
kogeneracionim postrojenjima. Dodatna prednost kogeneracije postie se primenom nekog od
obnovljivih izvora energije kao goriva, jer se na taj nain postie dvostuki efekat u pogledu
smanjenja emisije GHG.
Biomasa predstavlja jedan od najzastupljenijih OIE u Srbiji. Razliite procene pokazuju da
energetski potencijal biomase iznosi 2400 - 2700 ktoe godinje (62,7% uea u ukupnom
potencijalu OIE), gde 1000 ktoe predstavlja potencijal drvne biomase (sea drveta i otpaci drvne
mase pri njenoj primarnoj i sekundarnoj preradi), a vie od 1400 ktoe potie od poljoprivredne
biomase (ostaci poljoprivrednih i ratarskih kultura, ukljuujui i teni stajnjak). Kako najvea
koliina biomase potie od prerade drveta i poljoprivrede, u Srbiji postoji znaajan potencijal za
upotrebu biomase, pre svega, u malim kogeneracionim postrojenjima koja bi snabdevala energijom
drvnu industriju, farme, ili delove optina. Biomasa se najee nalazi u vrstom i gasovitom obliku
to iziskuje i razliite kogeneracione tehnologije.
U radu e biti prikazan nivo korienja biomase u kogeneracionim postrojenjima u EU,
potencijal za korienje biomase u malim kogeneracionom postojenjima u Srbiji, prednosti i
nedostaci, kao i komercijano dostupne kogeneracione tehnologije.
 Utilization of biomass in small cogeneration plants - potential and
technologies

The trend to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), as well as the need for ensuring
security of energy supply have led to greater use of energy efficient technologies and renewable
energy sources (RES). Cogeneration (simultaneous production of heat and electricity) is one of the
most affordable forms of energy efficient technologies, because the losses of primary energy is less
than the separate generation of heat and electricity, and thus lower GHG emissions. In the European
Union about 70% of district heating based on cogeneration plants. An additional advantage of
cogeneration is achieved by using one of the renewable energy sources as fuel, because it achieves
"double effect" in reducing GHG emissions.
Biomass is one of the most abundant renewable energy in Serbia. Various estimates suggest
that the energy potential of biomass is 2400 - 2700 ktoe per year (62.7% of the total potential of
renewable energy), which is 1000 ktoe potential of woody biomass (wood cutting and wood waste
at its primary and secondary processing), and more than 1400 ktoe derived from agricultural
biomass (agricultural residues and crops, including livestock manure). As the largest amount of
biomass derived from wood processing and agriculture, in Serbia there is significant potential for
the use of biomass, primarily in small cogeneration plant that would supply the energy wood
industry, farms, or parts of municipalities. Biomass is most commonly found in solid and gaseous
form which requires a different cogeneration technologies.
The paper will show the level of utilization of biomass in cogeneration plants in the EU, the
potential for biomass cogeneration in small existence in Serbia, the advantages and disadvantages,
as well as commercially available cogeneration technologies.