STAIRCASE PRESSURIZATION FAN (19TH FLO

Project No.
Project Name
Consultant

INPUT
No. of Building Floors N
Building Floor Height H
No. of Stairwells
Gap around each Stairwell door
Building External Wall Area per Floor Ab
Total Stairwells Area per Floor As
Temperature of Outside Air To
Temperature of Stairwell Air Ts
Area Leakage Factor for Exterior Building Walls Abo/Ab
Area Leakage Factor for Stairwell Walls Asb/As
Pressure Difference between stairwell and building at Stairwell Bottom DPsbb

CALCULATION
Flow Area between Building and Outside per Floor Abo
Flow Area between Stairwell and Building per Floor Asb
B factor B
Distance above Stairwell Bottom Y
Pressure Difference between stairwell and building at Stairwell Top DPsb
Total Volumetric Flow Rate QT
Volumetric Flow Rate for Each Staircase Q

Equations
B = 7.64 * (1/Ts-1/To)
Y=N*H
T (oR) = T (oF) + 459
DPsb = DPsbb + B * Y / ( 1 +( Asb /Abo )2 )
QT = 1740 * N * Asb * (DPsbt1.5 - DPsbb1.5) / (DPsbt - DPsbb)

Reference : (c) 2001 ASHRAE Handbook, HVAC Applications, Chapter 52

ION FAN (19TH FLOOR)

Date :

= 18
= 11.48 ft
= 2
= 0.236 ft2
= 10000 ft2
= 248 ft2
o
= 574 R
o
= 554 R
= 2.10E-04
= 1.10E-04
= 0.200 in. of Water

= 2.100 ft2
= 0.499 ft2
= 4.805E-04
= 206.64 ft
= 0.294 in. of Water
= 11639.57 cfm
= 5819.78 cfm
Energy Efficient Building Design College Of Architecture Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago

Stairwell ASHRAE 1999 HVAC Applications Handbook 51.9

Pressurization DPsbt = DPsbb + [ By / { 1 + ( Asb/Abo)2 } ] B = 7.64 * ( 1/To - 1/Ts )
X = [ (DPsbt)3/2 - (DPsbb)3/2 ] / [ DPsbt - DPsbb ] Q = 1740 * N * Asb * X
Table-1: Door Leakage Area
Height (ft) 7 User
Width (ft) 3 Leak-Area (ft2) Input Doors in Parallel: Leakage Areas = A1 , A2, --- An
Area (ft2) 21 Avge 1/8" 0.21 Calculated Effective Leakage Area (Ae)
Perim (ft) 20 3/4" Undercut 0.36 by Program Ae = A1 + A2 + ----- + An

Table-2: Elevator Doors Table-4 Additional CFM for Open Doors A1

Leak Area (ft2) Vel thru # of Doors (7' x 3') Open
Minim 0.55 Door 1 3 4
Maxim 0.70 25 525 1,575 2,100
50 1,050 3,150 4,200
Table-3: Leakage Areas: Walls, Floors 100 2,100 6,300 8,400
A = Leakage Area As = Surface Area 150 3,150 9,450 12,600
Construction A/As An
Exterior Walls Tight 0.00007
Avg 0.00021 Doors in Series: Leakage Areas = A1 , A2, A3, --- An
Loose 0.00042
Stairwell Walls Tight 0.00002 A1 An
Avg 0.00011
Loose 0.00035 Effective Leakage Area (Ae) Doors in Series
Elevator Shaft Walls Tight 0.00018 Ae = [ 1/A12 + 1/A22 + 1/A32 + ----- + 1/An2 ] -0.5
Avg 0.00084
Loose 0.00180 ASHRAE Pressure Minimum Stairwell Pressure (in. H2O) =
Floors Avg 0.00005 Recommendation Maximum Stairwell Pressure (in. H2O) =

Building Length (ft) Use square root of floor area if 115 Lb

Building Width (ft) building is not rectangular 104 Wb
Stairwell Plan View Length (ft) 10 Ls
Stairwell Plan View Width (ft) 10 Ws
Temperature of Outdoor Air in Winter (deg F) -4 to
To Temperature of Outdoor Air (deg Rankine) 456 To = to + 460
Temperature of Stairwell Air (deg F) 70
Ts Temperature of Stairwell Air (deg Rankine) 530 Ts = ts + 460
DPsbb MIN Press Difference Stair & Bldg at Bottom of Stair (in) 0.05 PD-min
B B = 7.64 * ( 1/To - 1/Ts ) 0.00234 B = 7.64 * ( 1/To - 1/Ts )
N Number of Floors 36 N
Floor to Floor Height (ft) 11 H
y Distance between Stairwell Bottom and Top (ft) 396 y=N*H
Asdb Leakage Area between Stairwell Door & Bldg Space per Floor (ft2) 0.21 Dor-lkg See Table-1 or -2
Wall Surface Area between Stairwell & Bldg Space per floor (ft2) 440 W-sb = 2 * ( Ls + Ws ) * H
Stairwell Wall Tightness Leakage Area (ft2) 0.00011 Str-lkg See Table-3
Aswb Flow Area between Stairwell Wall & Bldg per Floor (ft2) 0.0484 F-sb = W-sb * Str-lkg
Exter Wall Surface Area between Bldg and Outside per Floor (ft2) 4818 Wall-ext = 2 * ( Lb + Wb ) * H * N
Building Exterior Wall Tightness Leakage Area (ft2) 0.00021 Bld-lkg See Table-3
Abo Flow Area between Building & Outside per Floor (ft2) 1.01178 F-bo = W * Bld-lkg
Asb Total Flow Leakage Area Stairwell & surrounding Space (ft2) 0.25840 Tot-lkg = Dor-lkg + Str-lkg
DPsbt MAX Press Difference Stair & Bldg at Top of Stair (in) 0.91964 Fan Static Pressure
DPsb AVG Press Difference between Stair & Bldg Space (in) 0.48482 PD-avg = ( PD-min + PD-max ) / 2
X -n [ (DPsbt)3/2 - (DPsbb)3/2 ] 0.87073 PD-max = PD-min +
X -d [ DPsbt - DPsbb ] 0.86964 (B*y) / (1+(Tot-lkg/F-bo)^2 )
Q Supply Air (cfm) 16,207 Q = 1740*N*Asb*X-n/X-d

Instructor: Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP Arch-551 (Fall) Arch-552 (Spring)
 Energy Efficient Building Design College Of Architecture Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago

Example
.64 * ( 1/To - 1/Ts )
1740 * N * Asb * X Table-4 Additional CFM for Open Doors
Vel thru # of Doors (7' x 3') Open
Door 1 3 4
reas = A1 , A2, --- An 25 525 1575 2100
50 1050 3150 4200
1 + A2 + ----- + An 100 2100 6300 8400
150 3150 9450 12600

Building Length (ft) Use square root of floor area if 115

Building Width (ft) building is not rectangular 104 16,207 for stair pressurization
Stairwell Plan View Length (ft) 10 2,100 4 doors open at 25 fpm
Stairwell Plan View Width (ft) 10 18,307 Total Fan CFM
Temperature of Outdoor Air in Winter (deg F) -4
To Temperature of Outdoor Air (deg Rankine) 456 No. of Floor No. Fan Total
Temperature of Stairwell Air (deg F) 70 Floors Roof CFM = 16,000
Ts Temperature of Stairwell Air (deg Rankine) 530 1 Mech-36
DPsbb MIN Press Difference Stair & Bldg at Bottom of Stair (in) 0.05 2 35
B B = 7.64 * ( 1/To - 1/Ts ) 0.00234 3 34 2,000 cfm
N Number of Floors 36 4 33
Floor to Floor Height (ft) 11 5 32
y Distance between Stairwell Bottom and Top (ft) 396 6 31
Asdb Leakage Area between Stairwell Door & Bldg Space per Floor (ft2) 0.21 7 30 2,000 cfm
Wall Surface Area between Stairwell & Bldg Space per floor (ft2) 440 8 29
0.052 Stairwell Wall Tightness Leakage Area (ft2) 0.00011 9 28
0.551 Aswb Flow Area between Stairwell Wall & Bldg per Floor (ft2) 0.0484 10 27
Exter Wall Surface Area between Bldg and Outside per Floor (ft2) 4818 11 26 2,000 cfm
Building Exterior Wall Tightness Leakage Area (ft2) 0.00021 12 25
Abo Flow Area between Building & Outside per Floor (ft2) 1.01178 13 24
Asb Total Flow Leakage Area Stairwell & surrounding Space (ft2) 0.2584 14 23
DPsbt MAX Press Difference Stair & Bldg at Top of Stair (in) 0.91964 15 22 2,000 cfm
DPsb AVG Press Difference between Stair & Bldg Space (in) 0.48482 16 21
X -n [ (DPsbt)3/2 - (DPsbb)3/2 ] 0.87073 17 20
X -d [ DPsbt - DPsbb ] 0.86964 18 19
Q Supply Air (cfm) 16206.5 19 18 2,000 cfm
20 17
Supply CFM = 16,000 21 16
22 15
23 14 2,000 cfm
24 13
25 12
26 11
27 10 2,000 cfm
28 9
29 8
30 7
31 6 2,000 cfm
32 5
33 4
in + PD-max ) / 2 34 3
35 2 2,000 cfm
(1+(Tot-lkg/F-bo)^2 ) 36 1
37 B1

Instructor: Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP Arch-551 (Fall) Arch-552 (Spring)
 Energy Efficient Building Design College Of Architecture Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago

stair pressurization
oors open at 25 fpm

Fan Total
CFM = 16,000

2,000 cfm

2,000 cfm

2,000 cfm

2,000 cfm

2,000 cfm

2,000 cfm

2,000 cfm

2,000 cfm

2,000 cfm

Instructor: Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP Arch-551 (Fall) Arch-552 (Spring)
Energy Efficient Building Design College of Architecture Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago

Boston British Standards Institue BSI 5588 Part 4 : Fire design 1978
Stairwell Pressurization In. H2O to N/m2 (Pa) 248.76
m3/hr to cfm 1.7 cfm to L/s 0.472
meters to feet 3.281 m2 to ft2 10.764
Door Leakage Space Pressurization Levels
Door opens relative to Ht Wd Perimter Leak Area Leak-A / PerimBldng Height Emergency Operation
Pressurized Space m m m ft m2 ft2 m2/m ft2/ft m ft Pa In Pa
(1) Single opens Into 2 0.8 5.6 18.4 0.01 0.108 0.002 0.006 < 12 < 40 50 0.201 8
(2) Single opens Away 2 0.8 5.6 18.4 0.02 0.215 0.004 0.012 >= 12 >= 40 50 0.201 15
Doors in Series: Leakage Areas = A1 , A2, A3, --- An Effective Leakage Area (Ae)
Doors in Parallel: Leakage Areas = A1 , A2, A3, --- An

Ae = A1 + A2 + ----- + An
A1 An

A1 Ex: Stairwell (doors in parallel)

SI
Effective Leakage Area (Ae) Doors in Series Leakage Area/Door (m2) 0.024
2 2 2 2 -0.5
Ae = [ 1/A1 + 1/A2 + 1/A3 + ----- + 1/An ] Total floors 46
Required Air Supply to maintain pressure difference Eff. Leakage Area (m2) 1.104
between Pressurized Space and Adjacent Space Stairwell Pressure (Pa) 120
0.5
Q = 0.827 x A x P Space Pressure (Pa) 0.1
Q = Air Supplr (m3/s) to the pressurized space Supply Air (m3/s) 10.00
A = Total effective leakage area (m2) Supply Air (L/s) 9995
P = Pressure Level (Pa) in pressurized space = An

Stair Pressure - Space Pressure

Note Input to this Program can be entered on the ASHRAE Sheet

You can override the ASHRAE input by entering
data directly in the orange cells

Info from ASHRAE Form or enter input directly

Calculated by Program

Instructor: Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP Arch-551 (Fall) Arch-552 (Spring)
 Energy Efficient Building Design College of Architecture Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago

Operation
In
0.032
0.060

IP
0.258
46
####
0.482
0.000
cfm
21,176

Instructor: Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP Arch-551 (Fall) Arch-552 (Spring)
Energy Efficient Building Design College of Architecture Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago

Natural Ventilation User Input Wind Only

Q=C4*Cv*A*U

InsideTempTi 50 HourstoMinutes 60 Flow Due to Thermal Forces Q=AirFlowRate,cfm

2xgrav.Const 64.4 OpeningAreaft2 100 To Cd (Ti-To)/Ti Q Cv=OpeningEffectivenessCoeff

HeightBot-Topft 110 F CFM A=OpeningArea,ft2

0 0.525 1.000 265,124 U=WindVelocity,mph

Flow Due to Wind Only 10 0.500 0.800 225,842 g=GravitationalConstant

Dir 10 20 40 60 80 90 20 0.475 0.600 185,806

Spd Cv Cv Cv Cv Cv Cv 30 0.450 0.400 143,725 Thermal Only

mph 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 40 0.425 0.200 95,983 Q=60*Cd*A*sqrt(2*g*DH*abs(Ti-To)Ti)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0.400 0.000 0 Cd=0.4+0.0025*(Ti-To)

5 8,800 13,200 17,600 22,000 26,400 30,800 60 0.375 0.200 84,691 Cd=DischargeCoeffforOpening

10 17,600 26,400 35,200 44,000 52,800 61,600 70 0.350 0.400 111,786 DH=DifferenceinOpeningHeights,ft

15 26,400 39,600 52,800 66,000 79,200 92,400 80 0.325 0.600 127,130 Ti=InsideTemp,F

20 35,200 52,800 70,400 88,000 105,600 123,200 90 0.300 0.800 135,505 To=OutsideTemp,F

25 44,000 66,000 88,000 110,000 132,000 154,000 100 0.275 1.000 138,875

30 52,800 79,200 105,600 132,000 158,400 184,800 110 0.250 1.200 138,300

Instructor: Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP Arch-551 (Fall) Arch-552 (Spring)
 Energy Efficient Building Design College of Architecture Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago

H*abs(Ti-To)Ti)

Instructor: Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP Arch-551 (Fall) Arch-552 (Spring)
Energy Efficient Building Design College of Architecture Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago

Zone & Stair Pressurization ASHRAE 1999 HVAC Applications Handbook Default User Input
for Fire Control Uniform Building Code (UBC) Project User Input
Project Name Calculated

Table-1: Door Leakage Area Doors in Series: Leakage Areas = A1 , A2, A3, --- An
Height (ft) 7
Width (ft) 3 Leak-Area (ft2)
Area (ft2) 21 Avge 1/8" 0.21 A1 An
Perim (ft) 20 3/4" Undercut 0.36

Table-2: Elevator Doors Effective Leakage Area (Ae) Doors in Series

Leak Area (ft2) Ae = [ 1/A12 + 1/A22 + 1/A32 + ----- + 1/An2 ] -0.5
Minimum 0.55
Maximum 0.70 Doors in Parallel: Leakage Areas = A1 , A2, --- An
Effective Leakage Area (Ae). Ae = A1 + A2 + ----- + An
Table-3: Leakage Areas for Walls and Floors AC Supply Smoke Exhaust
A/As = Leakage Area / Surface Area AC Return
A/As A/As Normal
Construction
ASHRAE UBC An
Exterior Walls Tight 0.00007 Supply only Qs Pressurized
Avg 0.00021 0.00100 Sandwich Floor
Loose 0.00042 Exhaust only Fire Floor Qe
Stairwell Walls Tight 0.00002 Exhaust

Elevators
Shafts
Pressurized Stairs

Avg 0.00011 0.00150 Supply only Qs Pressurized

Loose 0.00035 Sandwich Floor
Elev. Shaft Walls Tight 0.00018 Normal
Avg 0.00084 0.00150 Normal Operation
Loose 0.00180 (All Other Floors)
Floors & Roofs Avg 0.00005 0.00050
Exit Enclosures UBC x 0.00350 A1

Fire Floor: Smoke Exhaust Damper is Open. HVAC Supply, Return and Exhaust (TX & GX) Air Dampers are Closed
Sandwich Floors: (above & below fire floor) HVAC Supply Damper is Open. Return and all Exhaust Dampers are Closed
All Other Floors: Smoke Exhaust Damper is Closed. Normal Supply, Return & Exhaust (TX & GX) operating conditions
Color Key Default User Input
Total Leakage Area between Fire Space and Adjacent Spaces Project User Input
Fire Space Area (ft2) = 7,400 Elev Shaft Area/Flr (ft2) = 950 Calculated
Floor to Ceiling Height (ft) = 12 Number of Elevators = 0 F = Fdc + (5.2 x W x A x DP) / (2 x (W - d))
A (leakage) / As (floor) = 0.0005 A (leakage) / As (elev) = 0.00084 d = distance from door handle to
Flr & Clg Leakage Area (ft2) = 7.4 Elev Leakage Area (ft2) = 0 latch edge of door (ft) = 0.25
Wall Area/Flr (ft2) = 1500 A = Exit Door Area (ft2) = 21
Number of Walls = 4 Total Leakage Area (A) = 15.46 W = Door Width (ft) = 3
A (leakage) / As = 0.00021 Press. Fire Space (in.) = 0 DP = Press Diff. Across Door (in) = 0.05
Wall Leakage Area (ft2) = 1.26 Press. Adjac Space (in.) = 0.05 Fdc = Force to overcome Door
Door Leakage Area per Door = 0.36 Closing Device (lbf) = 10
Number of Doors = 5 Min Exh fr Fire Space (Qs) = 9,023 F = Exit Door Opening Force (lbf) = 13.0
Total Door Leakage = 1.8 CFM/FT2 = 1.2
Qs = 2610 x A x sqrt(DP) ACH @ Ceiling Ht = 6.1

Instructor: Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E. Skidmore, Owings Merrill, LLP Arch-551 (Fall) Arch-552 (Spring)