Redstp1 Mastering Standardized Test

Mastering Standardized Tests
Teacher Edition
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CONTENTS
Introduction
The Teacher Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Task Regimen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Test-Taking Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
National Science Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Answer Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii
Student Edition Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 1: The Nature of Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Chapter 2: Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Chapter 3: Matter and Its Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Chapter 4: Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table . . . . . . . . .19
Chapter 5: Motion, Forces, and Simple Machines . . . . . . . . . . .23
Chapter 6: Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Chapter 7: Electricity and Magnetism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Chapter 8: Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Chapter 9: Rocks and Minerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Chapter 10: Forces Shaping Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Chapter 11: Weathering and Erosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Chapter 12: The Atmosphere in Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Chapter 13: Oceans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Chapter 14: Exploring Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Chapter 15: The Solar System and Beyond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Chapter 16: CellsThe Units of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
Chapter 17: Invertebrate Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Chapter 18: Vertebrate Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Chapter 19: The Human Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Chapter 20: The Role of Genes in Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Chapter 21: Ecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Chapter 22: Earths Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
Introduction
The Teacher Edition
Welcome to the Teacher Edition of Mastering Standardized Tests for Science.
This Teacher Edition is comprised of three distinct sections:
Introduction: Methods
The Teacher Edition Introduction contains methods for content review and test
preparation, answer sheets for student use, a complete list of the National Science
Standards skills, and answer keys that provide the correct answer choice and the
National Science Standard skill tested for each question.
Chapter Test: Content Mastery

For every chapter in the textbook, this workbook contains a Chapter Test. The Chapter
Tests do not test students comprehensive retention of chapter content but do test
students mastery of chapter content. Chapter Tests are included in the Student
Edition. Correct answer choices can be found in the answer key on pages xixxiv of the
Teacher Edition.
Standardized Test Practice: Test Preparation

For every chapter in the textbook, this workbook contains a corresponding
Standardized Test Practice. The questions in the Standardized Test Practices help
prepare students for national tests such as the TerraNova, the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills
(ITBS), and the Stanford Achievement Test, Ninth Edition (SAT-9). These Standardized
Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Test Practices are included in the Student Edition. Correct answer choices can be
found in the answer key on pages xixxiv of the Teacher Edition.
How can this workbook help my students on standardized tests?

By beginning to prepare your students now for their upcoming standardized tests, you
will greatly improve their chances of success. This workbook will help your students
become accustomed to answering both multiple-choice questions and open-
ended response questions like those on the TerraNova, ITBS, and SAT-9.
Questions requiring students to eliminate answer choices based on information
provided in graphs, illustrations, and tables also are included.
Items covering general science concepts provide a thorough representation of the
National Science Standards.
A unique four-part Task Regimen and helpful Test-Taking Tips designed to
maximize the benefits of using this workbook are presented in this section.
Some of the activities in the tables are designed to encourage interaction between
students of various levels.
iv Introduction Science Level Red

Task Regimen
Task I
Objective: To use the Standardized Test Practices to strengthen students approaches to
questions, to teach techniques for answering questions, and to prepare students for
standardized tests
In-Class Assignment: To give students the opportunity to be exposed to realistic
standardized-testing situations
At-Home Assignment: To enable students to analyze their own mistakes and identify any
skills that need extra review
LEVEL In-Class Assignment At-Home Assignment

LEVEL 1 Using the Standardized Test Practices, administer Students review their wrong
a practice test in realistic test-taking setting. answers, identify their mistakes,
Make sure to announce the in-class, practice and try to figure out the correct
test day in advance so that students can answers, using the textbook only
prepare. when needed.
Benefit: Students become more familiar with a Benefit: Students closely analyze
realistic test-taking atmosphere. their answer choices and learn to
identify mistakes or common habits
such as working too fast or not
reading questions carefully.
LEVEL 2 Same as above. Same as above.

Benefit: Same as above. Benefit: Same as above.
Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
LEVEL 3 Same as above. Students review their wrong

Benefit: Same as above. answers, identify their mistakes,
and try to figure out the correct
answers, using the textbook for
every question. They should put a
question mark next to any
questions that they still cannot
answer. These particularly difficult
questions should be reviewed with
a partner or during class time.
Benefit: Students closely analyze
their answer choices, learn to
identify mistakes or common
habits, and thoroughly review
material in the textbook.
Science Level Red Introduction v

Task II
Objective: To use the Chapter Tests and Standardized Test Practices to review science
material and prepare for standardized tests
In-Class Assignments: To help students better understand the scientific concepts and
details that they were not clear on after completion of the textbook chapter
At-Home Assignments: To identify what parts of the textbook provide the information
students need to correct misunderstanding of scientific concepts
LEVEL At-Home Assignment In-Class Assignment
LEVEL 1 After working on a practice test in a realistic test- In small groups, students can
taking setting, students note the textbook page review missed concepts and work
number where the information can be found on the brief questions prepared
and prepare some brief questions for other by peers.
students to help them understand the material. Benefit: Students solidify their
Students can pursue their scientific investigations understanding of material by
independently in the library. working with their peers and
Benefit: Students work to have an advanced having an opportunity to be part
understanding of the scientific material. of a more focused review.
LEVEL 2 After working on a practice test, students can Same as above.

make a list of all information that is required to Benefit: Same as above.
answer each missed question and note the
textbook page number where the information
can be found.
Benefits: Students are able to review material

they had learned and try to find
the source of their error.
LEVEL 3 After working on a practice test, students can In small groups, students can
make a list of all information that is required to review missed concepts and work
answer each missed question and note the on the brief questions prepared by
textbook page number where the information peers. Review the problematic
can be found. For instance, when students questions with the group. Then
cannot locate the textbook information, they reread the missed questions and
should write down a list of the questions that determine why they were wrong
they need to better understand. on the first test.
Benefit: Students help themselves by locating Benefit: Same as above.
material in the textbook that relates to the test
questions. By writing out a list of problematic
questions, students create an organized goal and
review system for themselves.
vi Introduction Science Level Red

Task III
Objective: To focus on the process of elimination by practicing with the Chapter Tests
and Standardized Test Practices
In-Class Assignments: To clarify and illustrate common patterns and methods that can
be used to effectively eliminate wrong answer choices
At-Home Assignments: To develop the ability to eliminate incorrect answer choices
through careful analysis and description
LEVEL 1 Students should write a list of the hardest Review test questions as an entire
questions with graphics and all the information class or in groups. Students
given in the questions and accompanying observations of the information
graphics. Students should note which pieces of given by each question and its
information are helpful in answering the accompanying graphic should be
question correctly. written on the board.
Benefit: Students practice identifying and Benefit: Students practice thinking
organizing all of the information given in test critically about the information
questions. given in questions and graphics.
question correctly. Students should use the written on the board.
textbook whenever necessary. Benefit: Same as above.
Benefit: Students practice identifying and

organizing all of the information given in test
questions.
graphics. Students should note any questions or given by each question and its
problems they had with understanding the accompanying graphic should be
graphics. written on the board. For
Benefit: Students practice identifying and particularly difficult questions,
organizing all of the information given in test students should work in small
questions. groups to create thorough lists of
observations and questions.
Benefit: Same as above.
Science Level Red Introduction vii

Task IV
Objective: To develop the ability to recognize, extract, and use all information given
within the test
In-Class Assignments: To discuss and identify effective mechanisms for recognizing all
information given in test questions and graphics
At-Home Assignments: To develop the ability to recognize and use all of the given
information in test questions and graphics
question correctly. written on the board.
Benefit: Students practice identifying and Benefit: Students practice thinking
organizing all of the information given in test critically about the information
questions. given in questions and graphics.

question correctly. Students should use the written on the board.
textbook whenever necessary. Benefit: Same as above.
Benefit: Students practice identifying and
organizing all of the information given in test
questions.
graphics. Students should note any questions or given by each question and its
problems they had with understanding the accompanying graphic should be
graphics. written on the board. For
Benefit: Students practice identifying and particularly difficult questions,
organizing all of the information given in test students should work in small
questions. groups to create thorough lists of
observations and questions.
Benefit: Same as above.
viii Introduction Science Level Red

Test-Taking Tips
Test-Taking Tips for Before the Test:
Remind students to get 89 hours of sleep for several days leading up to the test.
Advise students to spend the evening prior to the test doing something relaxing such
as playing a board game, exercising, or reading an enjoyable book.
Encourage students to eat a healthy breakfast with fresh foods high in protein, and
carbohydrates. Suggest that students bring granola bars and juice if they will be
getting a break during the test.
The morning of the test, tell students to clear their minds of any outside distractions
and focus their attention on the test.
Test-Taking Tips for During the Test:

Instruct students to listen to and read all directions in order to avoid errors due to
misunderstanding.
Remind students to be sure that they understand the question before reading the
answer choices. Once they get to the answer choices, they should always read every
answer choice before selecting an answer.
Graphics often contain crucial information. Remind students to examine and analyze all
graphics related to a question.
Explain to students that they should always choose an answer. By eliminating as many
wrong choices as possible, students have a good chance at guessing correctly and
obtaining more points.
Science Level Red Introduction ix

National Science Standards
(UCP)Unifying Concepts and Processes
1 Systems, order, and organization
2 Evidence, models, and explanation
3 Change, constancy, and measurement
4 Evolution and equilibrium
5 Form and function
(A) Science as Inquiry

1 Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry
2 Understanding scientific inquiry
(B) Physical Science: Grades 58

1 Properties and changes of properties in matter
2 Motions and forces
3 Transfer of energy
(C) Life Science: Grades 58

1 Structure and function in living systems
2 Reproduction and heredity
3 Regulation and behavior
4 Populations and ecosystems
5 Diversity and adaptations of organisms
(D) Earth and Space Science: Grades 58

1 Structure of the Earth system
2 Earths history
3 Earth in the solar system
(E) Science and Technology: Grades 58

1 Abilities of technological design
2 Understanding science and technology
(F) Science in Personal and Social Perspectives: Grades 58

1 Personal health
2 Populations, resources, and environments
3 Natural hazards
4 Risks and benefits
5 Science and technology in society
(G) History and Nature of Science: Grades 58

1 Science as a human endeavor
2 Nature of science
3 History of science
x Introduction Science Level Red

Answer Key
Chapter 1: The Nature of Science
Chapter Test Standardized Test Practice
Question Correct National Science Question

Correct Answer
Number Answer Standard Number
A2 Grades 512, 1 A
1. b.
B2 Grades 912
2 J
C3 Grades 58;
2. j. 3 C
C6 Grades 912
4 F
3. c. UCP 2 Grades 512
5 C
4. g. A2 Grades 512
6 F
5. b. A2 Grades 512
7 A
6. j. UCP 1 Grades 512
8 H
7. c. A2 Grades 512
9 See below.
8. h. A2 Grades 512
9 Student answers will vary. Students should readily identify each branch and its focuslife science focuses on structure, function,
behavior of living things; earth science focuses on the structure and process that shapes Earth and space; physical science focuses
on matter and energy as well as the laws that govern each. All are similar in that those that study each employ scientific methods
in their explorations.
Chapter 2: Measurement

Correct Answer
1. a. UCP 3 Grades 512 1 A
2. g. UCP 3 Grades 512 2 H
3. d. UCP 3 Grades 512 3 B
4. h. UCP 3 Grades 512 4 H
5. d. UCP 3 Grades 512 5 A
6. h. UCP 2 Grades 512 6 H
7 A
8 H
9 See below.
9 Precision refers to how close measurements are to one another. Precise measurements show little variation but might not be
accurate; Accuracy refers to how close a measured value is to an accepted value.
Science Level Red Introduction xi

Chapter 3: Matter and Its Changes
Number Answer Standard Correct Answer
Number
1. a. UCP3 1 A
2. g. UCP3 2 F
3. d. B1 3 C
4. h. B1 4 G
5. b. B1 5 C
6 G
6. f. B1
7 C
7. c. B1
8 see below
9 see below
8 The physical properties of color, shape, and luster are similar in that they can be observed without changing the object being
studied. Color and luster both depend on how an object reflects light. Shape, on the other hand, is a three-dimensional property.
9 lengththe distance between two points (measured in m, km, cm, mm); massthe amount of matter in an object (measured in
g, kg, mg); volumethe amount of space an object takes up (measured in liters, mL, m3, cm3)
Chapter 4: Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table


Correct Answer

1. a. B2 Grades 912 1 C
2. f. B2 Grades 912 2 J
3. d. B1 Grades 912 3 A
4. g. B2 Grades 912 4 J
5. c. A2 Grades 512 5 B
6. h. B2 Grades 912 6 F
7 See below.
7 The letters are symbols that indicate each element present in the compound. The number(s) are subscripts and tell the number of
atoms of each element in the compound.
xii Introduction Science Level Red

Chapter 5: Motion, Forces, and Simple Machines

Correct Answer
1. b. B2 1 C
2. f. B2 2 F
3. c. B2 3 C
4. f. UCP3 4 G
5 D
6 F
7 D
8 See below.
9 See below.
8 Average speed, instantaneous speed, and constant speed are all types of speed. Average speed is the total distance traveled
divided by the total time. Instantaneous speed is the speed at any given instant of an object. Constant speed is speed that does
not change over time.
9 According to Newtons first law, an object in motion tends to remain in motion at a constant velocity in a straight line. The force
that prevents an object from remaining in motion is friction. Of the three surfaces listed, a sidewalk would have the most friction,
so the brick would slide the shortest distance over a sidewalk. A wet sidewalk would have less friction, so the brick would slide a
little farther over a wet sidewalk. An icy sidewalk would have the least friction, so the brick would slide the greatest distance over
an icy sidewalk.
Chapter 6: Energy

Number
1. c. UCP1 1 B
2. h. B3 2 H
3. c. B1 3 C
4. j. B3 4 F
5. d. B1 5 B
6. f. B1 6 J
7 D
7. d. B3
8 See below.
8. h. B3
9 See below.
8 Potential energy is stored energy due to an objects position. The greater the height of a pendulum, the more potential energy it
has. Kinetic energy is energy due to an objects motion. The faster a pendulum is moving, the more kinetic energy it has. As a
pendulum drops from a certain height in its arc, the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy, and the pendulum speeds up.
At the lowest point in its arc, the pendulums potential energy is at a minimum and its kinetic energy is at a maximum. As the
pendulum swings upward to the other side, kinetic energy is converted to potential energy, and the pendulum slows down. At its
highest point, potential energy is at a maximum and kinetic energy is at a minimum.
9 Three examples of chemical reactions: (1) burning hydrogen gasexothermic (energy is released in the forms of heat and light),
(2) dissolving ammonium nitrate in waterendothermic (energy is absorbed from the surroundings), and (3) reacting sugar and
acidexothermic (energy is released as heat)
Science Level Red Introduction xiii

Chapter 7: Electricity and Magnetism
Correct Answer
1. a. B1 Grades 58 1 A
2. h. B1 Grades 58 2 H
3. a. B1 Grades 58 3 C
4. f. B1 Grades 58 4 G
5. c. B1 Grades 58 5 B
6. j. B1 Grades 58 6 H
7. c. B1 Grades 58 7 B
8. f. B3 Grades 58 8 G
9. b. B3 Grades 58 9 See below.
9 A generator converts mechanical energy into electric energy. A generator has many coils of wire wound around an
armature that rotates in a magnetic field. The armature is turned and an electromotive force is induced by the coils. An
electric current is the output of the generator.
Chapter 8: Waves

Correct Answer
1. b. B6 Grades 912 1 C

2. f. B6 Grades 912 2 F
3. c. B6 Grades 912 3 B
4. j. B6 Grades 912 4 H
5. d. B6 Grades 912 5 B
6. g. B6 Grades 912 6 H
7. a. UCP2 Grades 512 7 See below.
8 See below.
7 Amplitude is a waves height; Wavelength is the distance between like points in a wave, such as the distance from
crest to crest or trough to trough; Frequency is the number of wavelengths that pass, per unit of time.
8 Both transverse waves and compressional waves have wave properties, such as amplitude, wavelength, and
frequency. Transverse waves displace matter perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Compressional waves
displace matter parallel to the direction of wave propogation.
xiv Introduction Science Level Red

Chapter 9: Rocks and Minerals
Correct Answer
1. d. UCP3 1 A
2. h. UCP1 2 G
3. b. B1 3 C
4. j. D1 4 J
5. d. B1 5 A
6 H
6. f. D1
7 See below.
8 See below.
7 The fossil fuels we find today formed from generations of plants that died in ancient tropical swamps and coastal areas and
accumulated. The plant material first formed a compact organic material called peat. As layers of sediment gradually accumulated
over the peat, the pressure and heat exerted by the thickening layers gradually drove out the moisture and increased the carbon
content of the peat, forming coal; Fossil fuels are considered nonrenewable resources because it took millions of years for them to
form and they cannot be replaced quickly.
8 Streak and luster are two physical properties that can be used to identify minerals. Streak is the color of the powdered mineral.
When a mineral is rubbed across a streak plate, the color of the powder it leaves can be used to identify it. Luster is the way a
mineral reflects light; Whether a mineral has a metallic or nonmetallic luster can help identify it.
Chapter 10: Forces Shaping Earth


Correct Answer
1. d. D1 Grades 58 1 A
2. h. D1 Grades 58 2 G
3. a. UCP3 3 B
4. h. D2 Grades 58 4 H
5. d. D2 Grades 58 5 A
6 J
Science Level Red Introduction xv

Chapter 11: Weathering and Erosion

Correct Answer
1. c. D1 1 B
2. g. D1 2 F
3. c. A2 3 C
4. j. UCP3 4 F
5. d. D1 5 B
6 F
6. h. D1
7 D
7. c. D1
8 See below.
9 See below.
8 Glaciers use the rocks they carry along their bottoms as scraping tools, carving out sharp ridges in underlying bedrock. The result is
mountain features with sharp ridges.
9 Organisms absorb water and minerals from rocks, which breaks the rock down and forms a thin layer of soil. They add organic
matter to the soil in the form of waste products or dead organisms. The waste products and the dead organisms are nitrogen-rich
and make the soil more fertile.
Chapter 12: The Atmosphere in Motion


Correct Answer
1. a. D1 1 B
2. g. D1 2 F
3. d. D1 3 C
4. f. D1 4 H
5. b. UCP3 5 C
6 G
6. f. D1
7 A
8 F
9 See below.
9 Clouds are made of tiny droplets of water, except cirrus clouds, which are made of ice crystals; Low and middle clouds form
horizontally along warm fronts; High cirrus clouds form at the highest altitude of a warm front. Vertical clouds form vertically along
a cold front.
xvi Introduction Science Level Red

Chapter 13: Oceans

Correct Answer
1. a. D1 1 B
2. f. B3 2 G
3. b. B2 3 C
4. h. D3 4 F
5. d. UCP3 5 A
6 G
6. f. C4
7 D
7. d. B1
8 See below.
8. h. C5
9 See below.
9. b. F2
8 Diagrams of the water cycle should include land, the ocean, the Sun, clouds, precipitation, and runoff. The diagram should be
labeled properly. The ocean is an important part of the water cycle because large amounts of water evaporate from its surface.
9 Both live in water. Plankton drift with the currents, whereas nekton swim.
Chapter 14: Exploring Space

Correct Answer
1. b. E1 Grades 512 1 C
2. h. G3 Grades 58 2 F
3. c. D3 Grades 512 3 A
4. g. D3 Grades 512 4 H
5. a. E1 Grades 512 5 B
6. h. A1 Grades 512 6 J
7 A
8 See below
8 In the race to the moon, each nation developed and launched space crafts, each independent of the other. Neither government
shared resources or discoveries. The development of the International Space Station has been a sharing of resources and ideas.
Additionally astronauts manning the station have often been multinational in nature.
Science Level Red Introduction xvii

Chapter 15: The Solar System and Beyond

Correct Answer
1. b. D3 1 D
2. h. UCP3 2 H
3. d. D3 3 D
4. g. D3 4 J
5. c. D3 5 A
6 H
6. f. D3
7 C
8 G
9 See below.
10 See below.
9 Answers will vary. An example might state, I would like to visit Pluto because I think it would be interesting to see a planet made
of ice and rock.
10 Astronomical units are multiples of the average distance between Earth and the Sun. One AU equals about 93 million miles, or
about 150 million kilometers. An AU should be used to measure distances to other planets. A light-year is the distance that
something traveling at the speed of light would cover in one year. One light-year equals about 6 trillion miles, or 9.5 trillion
kilometers. A light-year should be used to measure the distance to stars and galaxies.
Chapter 16: CellsThe Units of Life


Number
1. a. C1 1 A
2. g. E2 2 H
3. a. C1 3 B
4. h. UCP3 4 F
5. b. C1 5 C
6. f. C2 6 F
7. c. C1 7 A
8 H
9 See below.
10 See below.
9 Students drawings should include chromosomes, mitrochondrion, vacuoles, cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell membrane.
10 Mitochondria transform the energy stored in food molecules; They break down food molecules through the process of cellular
respiration and store the released energy as ATP molecules.
xviii Introduction Science Level Red

Chapter 17: Invertebrate Animals

Correct Answer
1. b. C1 1 A
2. h. C1 2 G
3 B
3. b. UCP1
4 F
4. g. C1
5 C
5. c. UCP1 6 H
6. j. B1 7 D
7. c. UCP1 8 J
8. h. C5 9 A
9. a. C1 10 See below.
10 They are both eukaryotic, multicellular, and heterotrophic invertebrates made up of two layers of cells with one body opening.
They obtain food in different ways. Sponges, such as red sponges, are filter feeders. Cnidarians, such as jellyfish, are predators that
capture or poison their prey with nematocysts (stinging cells), usually located at the ends of their tentacles.
Chapter 18: Vertebrate Animals


Correct Answer
1. c. C1 1 D
2. h. C3 2 G
3. b. C3 3 B
4. j. C1 4 J
5. b. C1 5 C
6. j. UCP1 6 H
7. c. C3 7 B
8. h. C1 8 H
9 A
10 See below.
11 See below.
10 An endotherm is an animal that maintains a constant body temperature and is not dependent on the environment for temperature
regulation. Examples of endotherms are birds and mammals; An ectotherm is an animal whose body temperature changes with the
temperature of its surroundings. Examples of ectotherms are fish, amphibians, and reptiles. Endotherms and ectotherms are
vertebrates.
11 feathersstreamline a birds body; wingsgive an aerodynamic shape; four-chambered heartsupplies cells with oxygen needed
to produce energy; hollow bonesdecrease weight
Science Level Red Introduction xix

Chapter 19: The Human Body

Correct Answer
1. d. C1 Grades 58 1 B
2. h. C1 Grades 58 2 F
3. a. C1 Grades 58 3 B
4. h. UCP2 4 F
5. c. UCP2 5 A
6 J
6. g. C1 Grades 58
7 B
7. b. C3 Grades 58
8 See below.
8 (1) Sperm fertilizes the egg in the oviduct - zygote. (2) Cell division begins in the zygote. (3) The zygote travels down
the oviduct to the uterus. (4) Implantation of the zygote to the uterus to become an embryo. (5) Embryo develops.
Chapter 20: The Role of Genes in Inheritance


Correct Answer
1. b. UCP3 1 A
2. f. C2 2 G
3. c. UCP3 3 B

4. g. C2 4 J
5. d. C2 5 A
6 H
7 B
8 See below.
9 See below.
8 Budding is when a new organism develops attached to the parent and eventually separates; Regeneration is when a new organism
develops from a part separated from the parent; Cloning is when a new organism develops from the same DNA as the parent.
They are all similar in that there is only one parent and no mixing of genetic material.
9 Animals with the desired traits are bred. In the next generation, only the offspring that exhibit these traits will be bred. Eventually,
all offspring will be born with these traits.
xx Introduction Science Level Red

Chapter 21: Ecology

Correct Answer
1. a. C4 Grades 58 1 B
2. h. C4 Grades 58 2 F
3. c. UCP2 3 C
4. f. C4 Grades 58 4 G
5. c. C4 Grades 58 5 C
6 H
6. g. C4 Grades 58
7 See below.
7. a. C4 Grades 58
8 See below.
7 Plants are primary producers, capturing energy from the Sun and converting it into food. Herbivores eat the plants.
The herbivores in turn are eaten by the carnivores. Therefore the food the herbivore obtained from the plant is
eventually consumed (after several conversions) by the carnivore.
8 Possible effects include: Loss of habitat for plants and animals. Potential loss of certain species of plants or animals.
Loss of potential predators which may result in an unwanted increase in a plant or animal population.
Chapter 22: Earths Resources


Correct Answer
1. b. F2 Grades 58 1 G
2. j. F2 Grades 58 2 D
3. a. F2 Grades 58 3 H
4. a. UCP2 4 C
5. d. C5 Grades 58 5 J
6. h. F1 Grades 58 6 B
7. d. F2 Grades 58 7 See below.
7 First step is to separate the items by type. For example plastics and glass. Next is to contact a local government
agency for any special handling instructions. Finally, dispose of the item as recommended.
Science Level Red Introduction xxi

xxii Introduction
Science Level Red
Answer Sheet
Name: Date:
Chapter:
Chapter Test
1 A B C D 7 A B C D
2 F G H J 8 F G H J
3 A B C D 9 A B C D
4 F G H J 10 F G H J
5 A B C D 11 A B C D
Standardized Test Practice

1 A B C D 7 A B C D
2 F G H J 8 F G H J
3 A B C D 9 A B C D
5 A B C D 11 A B C D
Science Level Red Introduction xxiii

Introduction
What is in this book?
Welcome to the Student Edition of Mastering Standardized Tests for Glencoe
Science Level Red.
There are three distinct sections in this workbook:

Introduction: Methods
This introduction provides you with methods to tackle test questions. Using the
methods in this introduction, you will learn how to use the process of elimination,
how to identify important information in the tests graphs, charts, and tables, as well
as other skills that can help you succeed on tests. Carefully study the methods in this
introduction before you begin the test questions in this workbook.
This workbook was written to accompany your textbook. For every chapter in your
textbook, there are two types of tests in this workbook.
Chapter Test: Content Mastery

For every chapter in Science Level Red, this workbook contains a Chapter Test. Each
Chapter Test is made up of multiple-choice questions designed to assess your
knowledge and understanding of the material in the corresponding chapter of the
textbook.

Standardized Test Practice: Test Preparation
For every chapter in Science Level Red, this workbook contains a corresponding
Standardized Test Practice. The questions in this section are designed to prepare you
for national science tests such as the TerraNova, the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills (ITBS),
and the Stanford Achievement Test, Ninth Edition (SAT-9). The format of the
questions found in these practice tests is very similar to the format of the questions
found in the actual national science tests.
4 Introduction Science Level Red

Task Regimen
A unique four-part Task Regimen and helpful Test-Taking Tips designed to
maximize the benefits of using this workbook are presented in this section. Each of the
four tasks is designed to help you identify challenges and improve your performance.
Each task has an assignment for you to do on your own at home and one to do in
class. Often the homework and the in-class activities will be coordinated, so it is
important that you concentrate on both equally.
TASK At-Home Assignment In-Class Assignment
TASK 1 Using an answer key from the teacher, The teacher administers the
locate and review any questions you test in a realistic test-taking
missed. Place a question mark beside environment.
any question you cannot figure out and
bring it to class for discussion.
TASK 2 For each question you missed, find the Work in a group to discuss
pages in the textbook that cover the any confusing questions and
material and explain what specific content areas. Then work
information was needed to answer the through the confusing
question correctly. If you cannot find any questions together.
helpful information in the textbook,
write out three questions about the test
question that you did not understand.
TASK 3 For every incorrect question, go through Your teacher will lead a
each answer choice and explain why it is discussion for each question.
correct or incorrect. Include any tips or Share your ideas and
hints you noticed that helped you observations with the class.
eliminate choices. Place a question mark Keep notes of the discussion
beside any question you cannot figure to help your review.
out and bring it to class for discussion.
TASK 4 Your teacher will provide you with a list Work in a group to discuss
of questions to work on. For each each question. Make sure
question, make observations and write to note the location in the
down all of the information given in textbook where helpful
the test in the form of a graphic, a information was found.
passage, or otherwise. Write the
information directly onto the test.
Science Level Red Introduction 5

Test-Taking Tips
Test-Taking Tips for Before the Test :
1. Be sure to get plenty of sleep the week before the test. A healthy amount of sleep is
89 hours every night.
2. The night before the test, try to do something relaxing but stimulating, such as
playing a board game, exercising, or reading an enjoyable book. Cramming the night
before the test often can hamper your memory and make you tired.
3. The morning of the test, eat a healthy breakfast with fresh foods that are high in
protein and carbohydrates.
4. The morning of the test, clear your mind of any outside distractions so that you will
be better able to focus on the test. If breaks are given during the test, use that time to
relax and clear your mind.
Test-Taking Tips for During the Test :

1. Listen to and read all directions.
2. Be sure you understand the question before reading the answer choices. Then, make
sure to read and consider every answer choice.
3. Remember to carefully consider all the information presented in the tests graphics.
4. If the test is timed, be sure to pace yourself.
5. Always choose an answer. By eliminating as many incorrect choices as possible, you

will have a good chance at guessing correctly and obtaining more points.
6 Introduction Science Level Red

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 1 The Nature of Science Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
Read each question and choose the best answer. Then fill in the correct answer on your answer
document.
3. All of these are examples of ways

1/2 liter 1/2 liter 1/2 liter
in which models can help scientists
EXCEPT _______.
a. communicating observations and ideas
b. saving time, money, equipment, and
lives
c. predicting exactly what will happen
Sponge A Sponge B Sponge C
d. predicting possible outcomes
1. Which of these questions would most

likely be answered by this experimental
setup?
a. How does room temperature affect WARNING:
water?
b. Which sponge is the most absorbent? Goggles and Aprons Must
Be Worn at All Times
c. How fast will the water evaporate?
d. Which sponge cleans the best?
4. This sign was found at the entrance of a

2. In an experiment designed to determine chemistry laboratory. It is an important

if a specific brand of cat food is causing sign because _______.
cats to meow excessively, it would be best
f. goggles help chemists see better
to _______.
g. chemicals can seriously damage eyes
f. keep feeding cats with the specific and skin
brand of cat food and record the
h. accidents rarely happen in laboratories
results
j. chemists will be fined if they do not
g. mix together the specific brand of cat
obey the rules
food with another brand of food and
feed to cats
h. let some of the cats drink water with
the specific brand of food
j. feed some cats with the specific brand
of cat food and other cats with another
brand
The Nature of Science 7

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
5. Trina wanted to find out which of her 7. A protein bar claims on its packaging that
rubber balls can bounce the highest. She it is all natural. Which of these sources
took the first ball and dropped it onto the might be the most helpful in determining
cement sidewalk. She then dropped the whether this claim is entirely true?
second ball from the same height onto the a. Television advertisements
grass. She recorded how high each ball
b. The taste of the bar
bounced. Her experiment could be
improved by _______. c. The list of ingredients
a. measuring the time it takes for each d. The manager of a grocery store
ball to reach its maximum height
b. bouncing both balls on one of the
surfaces 8. Scientists now believe that life may have
c. dropping the second ball from a existed on Mars at one time. This is an
higher height example of _______.
d. bouncing the ball on the grass two f. a scientific law
times g. a scientific certainty
h. a scientific theory
j. a scientific question
6. All of these are branches of science
EXCEPT _______.
f. life
g. earth

h. physical
j. abstract
8 The Nature of Science

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 1 The Nature of Science Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
Read each question. Then, on your answer sheet, mark the answer choice that you think is best.
1 A guess about the probable outcome of 4 Experimental results are compared

an experiment is called a against the results of controls. Controls
improve an experiment by
A hypothesis
F ensuring that the experiment tests
B control
only one variable
C variable
G allowing for the experiment to test as
D constant many variables as possible
H making sure everything in the
experiment remains constant
2 Which of the following is not a benefit of J guaranteeing that the experimental
scientifically obtained evidence? outcome verifies the hypothesis
F Repeatability
G Believability
5 In an experiment, a model can help a
H Ability to evaluate relative merit
scientist
J Permanence
A create a hypothesis
B make the experimental setup match
reality as closely as possible
3 Which of these is a limitation of using
models in science? C test a situation that is otherwise too
complex to observe
A Delaying the outcome of an
experiment D draw a conclusion from experimental
results
B Hindering experimenters from testing
their hypotheses
C Basing models on an incomplete or
6 Which of these is a potential problem in
inaccurate observation
science?
D Inhibiting the ability of scientists to
communicate with each other F Bias
G Repeatability
H Observation
J Communication
The Nature of Science 9

Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 1 The Nature of Science
7 Which statement provides the best 8 Which of these is not an important

description of a theory? laboratory consideration?
A A theory is an explanation supported F Safety
by scientific evidence. G Accuracy
B A theory is a factual and absolute
H Certainty
depiction of reality.
J Precision
C Theories are easily disproven.
D A theory is a never-changing model of
the universe and everything in it.
Directions: Read Number 9 below. Then, on the lines that follow, write your answer in complete
sentences.
9 There are three branches of science: life, Earth, and physical. Explain the similarities and
differences among these three branches of science.
10 The Nature of Science

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 2 Measurement Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
document.
1. Josephine and Enrico both measured the

width of a table using their hands.
Josephine determined that the width of the 300
table was six hands. Enrico determined 250
that it was five hands. Both of these are 200
valid measurements, but neither is
accurate. If they would like to use their 150
hands, how can they best determine the 100
actual width of the table?
50
a. Use only one of their hands
0
b. Measure each students hand with a
ruler
3. Mr. Levitz poured orange juice into a
c. Use only the fingers on their hands
container. About how much orange juice is
d. Measure both students hands with a in the container?
ruler and use the total
a. 260 hectoliters
b. 260 kiloliters
2. Which of these is the main reason why the c. 260 liters
International System of Units was created d. 260 milliliters
in 1960?
f. To make more precise measurements

g. To avoid confusion between different
countries standards of measurement
h. To make a measurement system that is
easier to use than the English system
j. To help make more accurate
measurements
Measurement 11
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 2 Measurement
4. Which standard of measurement would Tickets Sold

you use to best determine the length of the for Fridays Concert
line? Number of
Group
Tickets Sold
Adult
Females 250
A B
Adult
Males 200
f. Kilometers
Student
g. Meters Females 300
h. Centimeters
Student
j. Micrometers Males 150
Senior
Citizens 100
5. All of these units are examples of
the International System of Units
Total Number of Tickets Sold = 1,000
EXCEPT _______.
a. meters 6. Which kind of graph would be the most
b. kilograms appropriate to visually compare the
c. Kelvin number of tickets that each group
d. pounds purchased for the concert?
f. Bar graph

g. Line graph
h. Pie chart
j. Range graph
12 Measurement
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 2 Measurement Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
1 An astronaut who weighs 667 newtons 4 A measurement is a scientific

on Earth weighs 253 newtons on Mars. observation stated in
Why does the astronaut have different
weights on different planets? F letters
G words
A Gravity is greater on Earth than on
Mars. H numbers
B Mass is greater on Earth than on J estimates

Mars.
C Temperature is lesser on Earth than on
Mars. 5 Which statement best describes
D An Earth-made scale does not work
precision?
properly on Mars. A how close measurements are to each
other
B how close measurements are to the
2 Which of the following is not an SI unit? actual value
F joule C slow measurements
G gram D measurements with the correct

number of significant figures
H degrees Celsius
J newton
3 An architect measured the volume of a

newly built bathroom cabinet. The
volume the architect recorded was most
likely measured in
A cubic liters
B cubic centimeters
C cubic micrometers
D cubic watts
Measurement 13
Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 2 Measurement
This chart shows information about light 7 Which of the following illustrations
bulbs. Use the information in the chart to would best display this data?
answer Numbers 68 below.
A bar graph
B pie graph
Determining Light C drawing
Bulb Lifespan
Light Bulb D photograph
Light Bulb Lifespan (hours)
Q 33.5
R 37.7
8 Which of the following correctly rounds
S 41.3 the result of light bulb R to the nearest
T 39.2 ones place?
F 33 hours
6 Which of the following is a good G 37 hours

estimate of the average lifespan of the H 38 hours
tested light bulbs?
J 40 hours
F 20 hours
G 30 hours
H 40 hours
J 50 hours

Directions: Read Number 9 below. Then, on the lines that follow, write your answer in
complete sentences.
9 Precision and accuracy are terms used to describe measurement. Define each term.
14 Measurement
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 3 Matter and its Changes Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
document.
Measurements of Objects
Volume Density
Object Mass (g) (cm3 ) (g/m3)
Ball 100 50 2
Box 40 40 1
Toy Car 50 10 5
Book 90 30 3
1. These two soda cans have the same mass.
About how much is the mass of these soda
cans? 2. According to this information, which
a. 500 grams object has a mass of less than 50 grams?
b. 500 kilograms f. Ball
c. 500 pounds g. Box
d. 500 ounces h. Toy car
j. Book
Q R S T
3. These pictures show different stages of a melting ice cube. Which of these lists the stages of the
ice cube from first to last?
a. Q, R, S, T
b. Q, S, T, R
c. S, T, Q, R
d. R, T, Q, S
Matter and its Changes 15

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 3 Matter and its Changes
6. What is the advantage of putting some

ANTACIDS SOAP AMMONIA medications in dark brown bottles rather
than in clear ones?
f. To prevent light from chemically
4. Which of the following belongs with the changing the medications
group above? g. To decrease the cost of the
f. Lemon juice medications
g. Vinegar h. To provide larger containers to hold
medications
h. Oven cleaner
j. To prevent water from damaging the
j. Tomatoes
medications
7. Which of these pairs of liquids is most

likely to chemically neutralize each other
when mixed?
a. Orange juice and lemonade
b. Ammonia and water
c. Orange juice and oven cleaner
Q R S T d. Vinegar and lemonade
Orange Ammonia Water Vinegar
Juice

5. The picture shows four liquids in bottles.
Each liquid will be tested to determine its
pH measurement. When they are tested,
which liquid should have a pH closest to
14?
a. Q
b. R
c. S
d. T
16 Matter and its Changes

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 3 Matter and its Changes Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
1 Which of the following is an example of 4 Which of the following is measured in

a change in identity? cubic meters?
A Sugar cooked and burned into a F length
caramel G volume
B A loaf of bread getting sliced
H temperature
C An ice cube melting
J mass
D Clay being molded into a flower pot
1
13
2 The pot above is being heated and
contains only water. Which statement is Boiling Points Material Boiling
accurate? of Materials Point (K)
F The water is changing its state.
Helium 4
Neon 20
G The water is changing its chemical Xenon 131
properties. Propane 231

H The water is changing its mass.
J The water is undergoing a chemical 5 According to the information in the
reaction. table, what is the material in the beaker?
A helium
3 Which of the following is not a physical B neon

property? C xenon
A size D propane
B color
C flammability
D shape
Matter and its Changes 17

Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 3 Matter and its Changes
6 What could cause bubbles and vapor to 7 Which of these is not a state of matter?
form when two substances come in
contact with each other? A solid
B liquid
F melting point
C substance
G chemical reaction
D gas
H change of state
J conservation of mass
Directions: Read Numbers 8 and 9 below. Then, on the lines that follow, write your answers in
complete sentences.
8 Color, shape, and luster are examples of physical properties that can be seen and felt. Explain
the similarities and differences between these three examples of physical properties.

9 Length, mass, and volume are examples of measurable properties. Describe each example
and note the unit used to measure each property.
18 Matter and its Changes

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 4 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
document.
H2SO4 Characteristics of Some Elements

Atomic Atomic
Sulfuric Acid Element
Number Mass
Hydrogen 1 1
1. According to the chemical formula in the Helium 2 4

box above, all of the following chemical Lithium 3 7
elements can be found in a molecule of Beryllium 4 9
sulfuric acid EXCEPT _______.
a. carbon 2. According to the information above, which
b. hydrogen of the elements has an atomic number that
c. oxygen is equal to its atomic mass?
d. sulfur f. Hydrogen
g. Helium
h. Lithium
j. Beryllium
Elements
Number of Number of
Element
Protons Neutrons
Hydrogen 1 0
Carbon 6 6
Oxygen 8 8
Uranium 92 142
3. The mass number of an atom is equal to the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.
According to this definition, which of the elements in the table has the highest mass number?
a. Hydrogen
b. Carbon
c. Oxygen
d. Uranium
Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 19

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 4 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table
Molecular Masses of
Some Compounds
Molecular Mass
Compound
(atomic mass units)
NaCl 58.8
LiF 25.9
NaBr 102.9
KI 166.0
4. Which of the compounds listed above has the smallest molecular mass?
f. NaCl
g. LiF
h. NaBr
j. KI
6. Which of the following is a property of a

Atomic Mass Density nonmetal?
f. It has a hard and shiny surface.
g. It can be bent into different shapes.
h. It is a poor conductor of electricity.

j. It is a good conductor of heat.
5. This chart would most likely be used in an

experiment designed to answer which of
the following questions?
a. Does an elements density increase
when its temperature is increased?
b. Which substances will float on water?
c. Does an elements density increase as
its atomic mass increases?
d. Are solids more dense than liquids?
20 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 4 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
Element Number of Number of Number of Mass Atomic

Protons Electrons Neutrons Number Number
Sodium 11 11 12 11 23
Aluminum 13 13 14 13 27
Boron 5 5 6 5 11
Chlorine 17 17 18 17 35
1 Most atoms contain one or more positively charged particles in their nuclei. These positively
charged particles are called
A neutrons
B electrons
C protons
D compounds
2 Which statement provides the best 4 Sometimes two elements combine to

description of a homogeneous mixture? make a new substance with its own
special properties. This new substance is
F A homogeneous mixture is a mixture
an example of
that is made very slowly.
F a homogeneous mixture
G A homogeneous mixture always
contains a liquid and a solid. G a heterogeneous mixture
H A homogeneous mixture is made by H an atom
combining many protons. J a compound
J A homogeneous mixture is a mixture
that is the same throughout.
5 Which of the following is not an example
of matter?
3 Which of the following would be the best
for conducting electricity? A water
B sunlight
A copper
C air
B oxygen
D wood
C wood
D paper
Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 21

Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 4 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table
Isotopes of Hydrogen
P N P P
N N
6 Which of these statements is correct?
F All isotopes of hydrogen have one proton in the nucleus.

G All isotopes of hydrogen have one neutron in the nucleus.
H Isotopes of hydrogen have different numbers of electrons in them.
J There are the same number of protons and neutrons in every isotope of hydrogen.
Directions: Read Number 7 below. Then, on the lines that follow, write your answer in
complete sentences.
7 All substances have chemical formulas that tell about what is inside them. The chemical
formula for water is H2O. What do the numbers and letters in the chemical formula for water
tell you about water?
22 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 5 Motion, Forces, and Simple Machines Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
document.
Electric Trains Movement
Kilowatts Kilometers/Hour
10 7.2
20 14.4
30 21.6
40 ?
1. Which of the following best describes what
is happening to the books in the picture
above? 3. According to the conductor of an electric
a. The books are accelerating. train, every 10 kilowatts of electricity can
b. The books are pushing the shelf. move a train 7.2 kilometers per hour.
According to this information, how fast
c. The normal force is too great.
will an electric train move with 40
d. The forces on the books are not kilowatts?
balanced.
a. 14.4 km/h
b. 21.2 km/h
c. 28.8 km/h
d. 35.6 km/h
2. These children are playing tug-of-war, a

contest in which each team tugs on a rope
to pull the other team across a line.
Everyone is tugging on the rope, but no
one is moving because _____.
f. the net force of the two teams is zero
g. the children do not have enough mass
to create force
h. the rope resists any change in motion
j. there is too much friction for the rope
to move
Motion, Forces, and Simple Machines 23

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 5 Motion, Forces, and Simple Machines
Calculating Weight
Mass Weight
Student (kilograms) (newtons)
V 48.0 470.4
W 52.0 509.6
X 55.0 539.0
Y 43.0 421.4
Z 49.0 480.2
4. The table shows the data collected by a class that calculated five students weights. Which of
the following graphs best represents the information from above?
Calculating Weight Calculating Weight

550 550
(newtons)
(newtons)
500 500
Weight
Weight
f. 450 h. 450

400 400
v w x y z v w x y z
0 0
Student Student
Calculating Weight Calculating Weight

550 550
(newtons)
(newtons)
500
Weight
500
Weight
g. 450 j. 450
400 400
v w x y z v w x y z
0 0
Student Student
24 Motion, Forces, and Simple Machines

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 5 Motion, Forces, and Simple Machines Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
1 Force always occurs in equal and 4 Which of the following can cause an
opposite pairs. What is this rule known object to come to rest?
as?
F electricity
A Newtons first law
G friction
B Newtons second law
H gravity
C Newtons third law
J power
D Acceleration
5 Two hikers are climbing up Mt. Everest.

2 A body in motion tends to continue in As they climb, the force of Earths gravity
the same motion. What is this rule on them
known as?
A propels them upward
F Newtons first law
B stays exactly the same
G Newtons third law
C increases slightly
H Momentum
D decreases slightly
J Action and reaction
3 Which of the following is not a

consideration in Newtons second law?
A acceleration
B net force
C velocity
D mass
Motion, Forces, and Simple Machines 25

Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 5 Motion, Forces, and Simple Machines
6 Which of the following statements best 7 Which of the following is the reason that
describes speed? objects have weight on Earth?
F change in distance divided by change A gravitational force of the Milky Way
in time B gravitational force of the Sun
G change in time divided by change in
C gravitational force of the Moon
distance
D gravitational force of Earth
H change in acceleration divided by
change in time
J change in velocity divided by change
in time
complete sentences.
8 Explain the similarities and differences between average speed, instantaneous speed, and
constant speed.

9 Imagine that you slide a brick on three increasingly slippery surfaces: a sidewalk, a wet
sidewalk, and an icy sidewalk. How far do you expect the brick to travel in each of the three
cases? Give an explanation for your answer in terms of Newtons first law.
26 Motion, Forces, and Simple Machines

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 6 Energy Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
document.
Mechanical Chemical
energy turns energy moves
oven knob hand
M N
Electrical
energy enters The oven
the oven heats up Water
O P
1. Which of these sequences correctly

represents the energy flow used to turn on 3. What temperature does the thermometer
an oven? probably read?
a. M, N, O, P a. 0C
b. O, M, N, P b. 50C
c. N, M, O, P c. 100C
d. P, O, N, M d. 500C
4. The universe is filled with different forms

of energy. Which type of energy is LEAST
involved when a camper starts a fire with a
match?
f. Chemical
g. Mechanical
h. Heat
j. Electrical
2. Which of the following processes is

responsible for drying the hair of the
person pictured above?
f. Reaction
g. Radiation
h. Conduction
j. Insulation
Energy 27
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 6 Energy
5. Naomi placed one end of a spoon in a

beaker of water and heated the beaker of
water. Which hypothesis is best tested by
Naomis experiment?
a. What kind of reaction is a fire?
b. Can hands detect very cold
temperatures?
c. Why doesnt the metal burn?
d. How well does metal conduct heat?
7. Which of the following would be affected

first if the solar radiation were stopped?
a. The flying birds
0C 120C b. The ability of wood to burn
c. The chemical reaction that makes ash
6. According to the diagram, which statement d. The growth of trees
best describes what happens to water
molecules when they are heated?
f. They move further apart. 8. Four airplanes are flying to one airport. A
g. They move at a slower speed scientist wants to know which airplane has

h. They bond with each other. the greatest potential energy. Answering
j. Their energy level decreases. which of the following would be the
LEAST helpful?
f. The mass of each aircraft
g. The weight of each airplane without
passengers
h. Each airplanes distance to the airport
j. Each airplanes altitude
28 Energy
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 6 Energy Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
1 In physics, the quantity that 4 Which of these is an energy-absorbing

characterizes the ability to cause change chemical reaction?
is called
F endothermic
A force
G exothermic
B energy
H catalytic
C momentum
J dissipative
D inertia
5 Which of the following is not a form of

2 Which of the following is a description heat transfer?
of heat?
A conduction
F Potential energy from atoms moving
B diffusion
in many directions
C convection
G Measure of the kinetic energy of
atoms in an object D radiation
H Transfer of kinetic energy from one

object to another
J When two objects cause each other to
lose atoms
3 A skier is at the top of a hill, ready to

begin travelling down it. What kind of
energy does the skier have?
A nuclear energy
B atomic energy
C potential energy
D chemical energy
Energy 29
Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 6 Energy
6 As a speed skater races down the track, 7 Which of the following describes
the speed skaters kinetic energy depends temperature?
on the speed skaters
A a measure of the chemical reactions
F mass and direction taking place inside of an object
G velocity and direction B a measure of the rate of energy
H direction
transformation in the atoms of an
object
J mass and speed
C a measure of the molecular density of
the object
D a measure of the average kinetic
energy of the atoms in an object
complete sentences.
8 One way to analyze changes in a system is through energy changes. Consider a pendulum
swinging left to right. Explain how the pendulums energy changes from potential to kinetic
and back as the pendulum swings through its motion.
9 List and describe three examples of chemical reactions. Identify whether each reaction is Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
endothermic or exothermic.
30 Energy
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 7 Electricity and Magnetism Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
Choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions.
1. If you want to demonstrate that like

charges repel, it would be best Series Parallel
to .
a. place two positively charged objects
near each other
b. place two neutral objects near each
other
c. place one positive and one negative
object near each other
Circuit Bulb Battery
d. place one negative and one neutral
object near each other
3. These boxes show two ways of connecting

a circuit. The series circuit differs from the
parallel circuit because the lights in the
series circuit all experience .
a. the same current
b. the same voltage
c. different current
d. alternating current
4. According to Ohms Law, if the voltage in

a battery is increased, what will happen to
the current produced by the battery?
f. It will increase.
2. If lightning strikes this house, the lightning g. It will decrease.
rod on top will prevent damage h. It will stay the same.
because .
j. It is impossible to determine.
f. an electrical charge is not able to
move through the rod
g. the rod is an insulator and cannot 5. Which of these describes charge?
receive an electrical charge a. the power of a body to create energy
h. the excess electrical charge will be through movement
conducted into the ground b. a measure of the weight of a body
j. the rod will convert the excess c. the ability of a body to influence other
electrical charge into air charges around it
d. the amount of matter in a body
Electricity and Magnetism 31

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 7 Electricity and Magnetism
6. Which of these causes a magnetic field to 8. What is the purpose of using a generator?
be produced around a current-carrying f. to turn motion into electricity
wire?
g. to turn electrical energy into kinetic
f. the magnetic domains moving in the energy
wire
h. to turn motion into magnetism
g. the metal atoms in the wire
j. to generate a magnetosphere
h. the kinetic aurora moving in the wire
j. the electrons moving in the wire
Ni Ni Ni Ni C C C C 120240
24,000 Volts
Ni Ni Ni Ni C C C C Volts
Ni Ni Ni Ni C C C C
Ni Ni Ni Ni C C C C
Magnetic Nonmagnetic
7. According to the diagram, which statement

best describes why the nickel is magnetic
and the carbon is not? 9. The picture shows how homes get electric
a. The protons in the carbon have their power from the power plant. The voltage
magnetic fields aligned. from the power plant is too high to be

b. The protons in the nickel have their directly delivered to the house. When the
magnetic fields aligned. voltage reaches the second set of power
c. The electrons in the nickel have their lines, what device changes the voltage to
magnetic fields aligned. 120 or 240 volts?
d. The electrons in the carbon have their a. electromagnet
magnetic fields aligned. b. transformer
c. motor
d. voltmeter
32 Electricity and Magnetism

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 7 Electricity and Magnetism Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
1 Darnell wants to know what charge a 4 Electric charges that are not touching
piece of cloth has. He notes that when it can still exert an influence on one
is near a positively charged object, it another. What explains this
attracts the object. The cloth also repels a phenomenon?
negatively charged object. He should
classify the charge of the cloth as F static charge
G electric field
A negative
H induced charge
B neutral
J electric current
C positive
D uncharged 5 Which of these statements is false?
A The north and south poles of the
magnet will attract each other.
2 Which of these describes voltage? B If the magnet is broken in half, it will
F a measure of an electrons amperes not have north and south poles.
G the power delivered by an appliance C The south poles of two magnets will
repel each other.
H a measure of electrical potential
energy D If the magnet is broken in half, it will
still have north and south poles.
J the amount of resistance present in a
circuit
6 When the current to a wire is shut off,

the magnetic field around the wire will
Power Requirements for probably
Household Appliances
Appliance Power (in watts) F disappear around a part of the wire
Coffee maker 1,625 G continue to exert a force
Blender 800
H disappear completely
Toaster 950
Microwave 625 J attract iron filings
3 In the table shown above, the appliance

that draws the most current is the
A microwave
B blender
C coffee maker
D toaster
Electricity and Magnetism 33

Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 7 Electricity and Magnetism
7 In the United States, a type of current is 8 Giovanni sprinkled iron filings around a
used that varies from positive to negative magnet. Which of the following did
60 times per second. This type of current Giovanni most likely see?
is called
F the iron filings lining up against the
A direct current magnetic field lines
B alternating current G the iron filings lining up with the
C variable current
magnetic field lines
H the iron filings accumulating atop the
D simulating current
magnet
J the iron filings randomly falling
around the magnet
sentences.
9 Explain the basic principle of a generator.
34 Electricity and Magnetism

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 8 Waves Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
document.
Loudness of Some Sounds

Sound Loudness (decibels)
Whisper 20
Typical classroom 35
Conversation 65
Vacuum cleaner 80
Rock concert 100
Jet airplane 140 3. Which of these processes enables the boy
to see over the wall?
1. According to this information, which a. Diffraction
sound has a loudness greater than 100 b. Interference
decibels?
c. Reflection
a. Whisper d. Refraction
b. Jet airplane
c. Rock concert
d. Vacuum cleaner
Medium Speed of Sound Speed of Light
(m/s) (108 m/s)
Stone 5971 1.61
2. Carmen is watching a fireworks display Water 1486 2.25
with her parents. She notices that she sees Air 335 3.0
the flashes of light before she hears the Vacuum 0 3.0

explosion. This happens because _______.
f. the light from the fireworks travels 4. According to the chart, which medium
faster than the sound from the cannot transmit sound?
explosion f. Stone
g. the sound from the explosion travels g. Water
faster than the light from the fireworks h. Air
h. Carmen sees better than she hears j. Vacuum
j. the fireworks are moving away from
Carmen
Waves 35
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 8 Waves
5. Which sound would have the highest Decibel Levels in Center City
pitch?
Time
Loudness (min) % of Time
Very Soft
a. 1 5%
110 Hz (0-20 decibels)
Soft
4 20%
(20-60 decibels)
Loud
(60-100 decibels) 12 60%
b. 220 Hz Very Loud
3 15%
(100-150 decibels)
7. Which of these graphs best illustrates these

c. 440 Hz data?
5%
15%
20%
a. Very Loud
d. 880 Hz Loud
60%
Soft
Very Soft
15%
25%
b. 20%
Very Loud
Loud

40%
Soft
Very Soft
Radio Ultra- Gamma 20%

Waves Infrared violet X Rays Rays
c. 40%
15%
Very Loud
Visible Light Loud
25% Soft
Very Soft
6. According to this information, which type
of electromagnetic energy is used to
diagnose broken bones? 10%
10%
Very Loud
f. Gamma rays d. Loud
50%
g. X rays 30% Soft
Very Soft
h. Infrared waves
j. Radio waves
36 Waves
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 8 Waves Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
1 Which of these properties of sound is 4 Which of the following is not an example

measured in meters per second? of diffraction?
A frequency F light bending between two pencils
B loudness G water waves bending around a boat
C speed H light bouncing off a mirror
D wavelength J water waves bending around a pier
2 Which of the following is not a property 5 Frequency is the number of wavelenghts

of mechanical waves? that pass a point in one second. A
student was asked to measure the
F moves around corners frequency of a wave. The frequency she
G uses matter to transfer energy recorded was most likely measured in
H moves in the form of waves A meters
J does not require matter to carry B Hertz
energy
C feet
D grams
Radar Gun
POLICE
POLICE
6 A person sees his or her face in a mirror.
This is an example of
3 Police can detect speeding motorists with F diffraction
a radar gun. What property of waves
enables them to do this? G refraction
H reflection
A Waves bend when they strike an
object. J interference
B Waves bounce off when they strike an
object.
C Waves bend around barriers.
D Two waves combine, travel together,
and form a new wave.
Waves 37
Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 8 Waves
Directions: Read Numbers 78 below. Then, on the lines that follow, write your answers in
complete sentences.
7 Waves have three properties: amplitude, wavelength, and frequency. Describe each property.
8 Transverse waves and compressional waves are both types of mechanical waves. Explain the
similarities and differences between these two types of mechanical waves.
38 Waves
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 9 Rocks and Minerals Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
document.
2. A conglomerate is a type of rock that

consists of smaller rocks cemented
together randomly. Circles may be used to
model the way rocks appear in a
conglomerate. According to this
information, which of the following best
500 represents a conglomerate?
400 600
300 700
200 800 f.
100 900
0 1000
g.
1. A student is weighing a rock sample.

About how much does the rock weigh?
a. 585 milligrams
b. 585 nanograms
h.
c. 585 kilograms
d. 585 grams
j.
Rocks and Minerals 39

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 9 Rocks and Minerals
3. All of the following can be used to identify
Mohs Scale
mineral types EXCEPT _____.
a. color Hardness Mineral
b. length 1 Talc
c. luster 2 Gypsum
d. streak
3 Calcite
4 Fluorite
4. Which factor would have the LEAST 5 Apatite

effect on the formation of a rock?
6 Feldspar
f. Weathering
7 Quartz
g. Pressure
8 Topaz
h. Melting
j. Radiation 9 Corundum
10 Diamond
5. According to Mohs scale, the mineral with

a hardness of 7 is _____.
a. talc
b. calcite
c. topaz

d. quartz
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
6. Which process is taking place in all three pictures?

f. Rock formation
g. Volcanic activity
h. Ocean creation
j. Sedimentation
40 Rocks and Minerals

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 9 Rocks and Minerals Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
1 Which of the following is not a process

that forms minerals?
A precipitation
B evaporation
C magma cooling
D magma heating
2 Which of the following statements, in

regard to minerals, best describes the
streak test? 4 Oil is often found near vertical columns
of rock like the one shown in the
F the apparent color of a mineral diagram. What kind of rock can push
G the color of a mineral on white tile itself vertically through existing
horizontal layers of rock?
H the shine or luster of a mineral
J the cleavage or fracture of a mineral F extrusive sedimentary
G nonfoliated metamorphic
H organic sedimentary
3 Rocks made of broken fragments of
J intrusive igneous
other rocks compacted and cemented

together are called
A chemical
B mineral
C detrital
D gems
Rocks and Minerals 41

Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 9 Rocks and Minerals
5 Which of the following is not a part of 6 Which of these is not a characteristic of

the rock cycle? foliated rock?
A condensation F layers of minerals

B sedimentation G different colored bands
C metamorphosis H even in color
D deposition J parallel bands
complete sentences.
7 Fossil fuels are often found in sedimentary rocks. Describe how coal, a fossil fuel was created,
using a diagram to illustrate your point. Explain why fossil fuels are not considered
renewable energy resources.

8 Use what you know about streak and luster to explain how they are used for mineral
identification.
42 Rocks and Minerals

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 10 Forces Shaping Earth Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
document.
Layers of the Earth

Layer Thickness (km)
Crust 70
Mantle 2900
Outer Core 2250
Inner Core 1300
1. The chart shows the thickness of the layers that make up Earths interior. Which graph best represents
the data in the chart?
3500 3500
3000
Thickness (km)
3000
2500 Thickness (km) 2500
2000 2000
1500 1500
1000 1000
a 500 c 500
0 0
Crust Mantle Outer Inner Crust Mantle Outer Inner
Core Core Core Core
Layer Layer
3500 3500
3000 3000
Thickness (km)
Thickness (km)
2500 2500
2000 2000
1500 1500
1000 1000
b 500 d 500
0 0
Crust Mantle Outer Inner Crust Mantle Outer Inner
Core Core Core Core
Layer Layer
Forces Shaping Earth 43

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 10 Forces Shaping Earth
Distance (km) from Age of Rocks

Mid-Atlantic Ridge (millions of years)
1 0.8
2 1.6
3 2.4
4 3.2
5 ?
4. Geologists performed tests to determine the

age of rocks on the ocean bottom at various
distances from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Based
on this information, what will be the age of
2. These rock layers are shaped in this manner in
rocks found at a distance of 5 kilometers from
response to
the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
f. erosion by moving water
f. 3.0 million years
g. nearby volcanoes
g. 3.6 million years
h. compression forces
h. 4.0 million years
j. erosion by glaciers
j. 5.0 million years

Q
R
Motion S
of Tectonic
Plate T
1 km
3. What is the approximate height of this 5. Which is the order of the volcanoes, from the
mountain? youngest to the oldest, that were formed by
the motion of this tectonic plate?
a. 4.5 km
a. Q, R, S, T
b. 5.5 km
b. T, S, Q, R
c. 6.5 km
c. Q, T, S, R
d. 7.5 km
d. T, S, R, Q
44 Forces Shaping Earth

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 10 Forces Shaping Earth Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
Read the passage. Then read each question that follows the passage. Decide which is the best
answer to each question. Mark the letter for that answer.
Hawaiis Volcanoes
The Hawaiian Islands are a chain of islands Hawaiian Eruptions
located in the Pacific Ocean. They are actually
Before a volcano erupts in Hawaii, there are
volcanic mountains that start on the ocean floor and
usually earthquakes. These quakes open long
rise up above the sea. The islands were formed by
cracks in the ground. Lava rises up through the
underwater volcanoes that periodically erupted over
cracks due to the same underground pressure that
a period of millions of years. Lava from these
caused the earthquakes. In the early stages of most
volcanoes slowly built up until it gradually
eruptions in Hawaii, lava is thrown high into the air
accumulated and reached the surface, creating
from along the cracks. The lava looks like a
islands.
burning fountain or curtain as it rises high into the
The Lava That Built Hawaii air and then falls. Its a spectacular sight.
A volcano is like a vent in Earths surface. Lava However, compared to the lava eruptions from
is red-hot, melted rock that flows like a fiery river volcanoes in other parts of the world, Hawaiian
out of Earth when a volcano erupts. The lava comes lava flows are rather quiet. The gases that are
from a layer of rock deep inside Earth where the always part of an eruption are able to escape easily
temperature can be more than 1,832F. When the out of the Hawaiian mountains, without the extra
underwater volcanoes that became Hawaii erupted pressure that makes some eruptions so violent.
and spewed lava, the water cooled and hardened the Whenever the Mauna Loa or the Kilauea erupts,
lava. Over time, plants began to grow on the lava rivers of steaming lava flood down the
rock. Birds arrived and nested. The underwater mountainside. Mauna Loa, the biggest volcano in
mountain range had become a chain of islands. the world, produces 1 million to 5 million tons of
lava per hour at the beginning of an eruption. The
The mountain range that forms Hawaii is one of
eruptions can last anywhere from several days to
the tallest on Earth. The mountains rise 15,000 feet
ten months, as lava continually pours out of Earth,
from the bottom of the ocean to sea level and then
pushed by gases beneath.
continue up into the sky. The tallest mountain in
the islands, Mauna Kea, rises another 13,796 feet The volcanoes that created the Hawaiian Islands
above sea level, making it 28,796 feet in height. were extraordinary forces of nature. Two of these
This is almost as tall as Mount Everest, which is volcanoes are still active, and as lava pours from
just over 29,000 feet, making it the tallest mountain them and spreads out, the mountains of Hawaii
completely above sea level in the world. continue to grow.
The islands grew from the northwest to the
southeast. The first volcanoes have been extinct for
a long time. The last two active volcanoes, the
Mauna Loa and the Kilauea, are at the most
southeastern part of the island chain.
Forces Shaping Earth 45

Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 10 Forces Shaping Earth
1 In this passage, the word accumulated 4 The oldest volcanoes in the islands were
means probably
A built up F formed by coral reefs and not by lava
B grew hotter
deposits
G mostly located in the southeast part of
C fell apart
the islands
D moved faster
H mostly located in the northwest part
of the islands
J not very powerful and didnt produce
2 Which of the following is a FACT in this much lava
passage?
F The sight of a burning fountain of 5 According to the passage, which event
lava erupting from a volcano is occurs first in the eruption of a volcano
spectacular. in the Hawaiian Islands?
G Mount Everest is the tallest mountain A Earthquakes cause cracks to open in
in the world completely above sea Earth.
level.
B Red-hot lava flows up out of Earth.
H More of the Mauna Loa volcano is
above sea level than below it. C Lava pours out of Earth for ten
months.
J Volcanic eruptions in the Hawaiian
Islands are usually followed by D Lava is thrown into the air like a
earthquakes. fountain.

6 Which of these is the best summary of
this passage?
3 What is the main idea of the third
paragraph of this passage? F Lava is red-hot, melted rock that flows
like a fiery river from out of Earth
A The Mauna Loa is the tallest mountain
when a volcano erupts.
on the island.
G The Hawaiian Islands are a chain of
B The mountain range that forms
islands that lie in the Pacific Ocean
Hawaii is one of the tallest on Earth.
and are part of a mountain range.
C The Hawaiian mountains rise 15,000
H The Hawaiian Islands were formed
feet from the sea floor to sea level.
over millions of years until plants
D Mount Everest is more than 29,000 began to grow on them and birds
feet above sea level. began to nest.
J Volcanic eruptions and lava deposits
in the sea created the Hawaiian Islands
and continue to make them larger.
46 Forces Shaping Earth

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 11 Weathering and Erosion Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
document.
1. Which of these rocks will most likely

experience the greatest amount of ice
wedging?
a.
2. Which is probably most responsible for the

formation of this canyon?
f. Wind
g. Water
b.
h. Plants
j. Animals
3. Patricia likes to play on a field at the edge

c. of a mountain slope with many rocks on it.
She went outside to check the weather.
Which observation would mean that it
would not be good for her to play in the

field?
a. She felt a light wind on her arm.
d. b. A deer was eating grass in the field.
c. Dark clouds covered the sky.
d. The sky was clear and bright.
Weathering and Erosion 47

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 11 Weathering and Erosion
Loss in Height of Sand Dune 6. Till, a mixture of different-size particles

ranging from clay to large boulders, is
Height of Sand
End of Day usually created by _____.
Dunes (meters)
f. wind
1 80.5
g. water deposition
2 60.1
h. glacial deposition
3 39.7 j. mudslides
4 ?
4. Scientists measured the loss in height of a CREEP SLUMP ROCKSLIDE

sand dune over a four-day period. If
everything remains the same, what will the
height of the sand dune be at the end of the 7. Which of these belongs with the group
fourth day? above?
f. 16.7 meters a. Gravity
g. 17.3 meters b. Glacial erosion
h. 18.7 meters c. Mudflow
j. 19.3 meters d. Ice

5. All of the following directly affect soil
formation EXCEPT _____.
a. the parent rock
b. the shape of the land
c. the climate
d. glaciers
48 Weathering and Erosion

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 11 Weathering and Erosion Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
1 At the South Pole, large masses of snow 4 Which of the following is an effect of
and ice cover Earths surface. These wind weathering?
masses are called
F deflation
A continental icebergs
G inflation
B continental glaciers
H cirques
C latitudes
J sheet flow
D topography
5 Which of the following is not a typical

2 Which of the following is a naturally cause of mechanical weathering?
occurring cause of chemical weathering?
A plant roots
F oxygen
B bird nesting
G nitrogen
C animal burrowing
H ammonia
D ice wedging
J peroxide
3 Which of the following is not a form of

mass movement?
A creep
B slump
C muddrop
D rock slide
Weathering and Erosion 49

Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 11 Weathering and Erosion
6 Soil is formed when rock is weathered 7 Which of the following is not important
chemically or mechanically. The source during natural soil formation?
of soil is known as
A topography
F parent rock
B climate
G child rock
C organisms
H sibling rock
D manure
J abraded rock
complete sentences.
8 Glaciers are important factors in the erosion of mountain ranges, giving many mountain
peaks around the worldespecially in the Alpstheir characteristic sharp ridges. Describe
how glaciers contribute to mountain shaping, using a diagram to show how the sharp ridges
are created.

9 Explain how organisms can influence soil development by describing how taking nutrients
from rocks and adding organic matter affects it.
50 Weathering and Erosion

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 12 The Atmosphere in Motion Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
document.
sphere
Iono
Therm
os
p
Me h
er phere
ere s
sph
e
os
to Tro
a
Str
po er
sph
e
3. This diagram depicts _____.

1. According to the diagram, which layer of
a. tectonic plate movement
Earths atmosphere is suitable for jet
travel? b. evolution
c. the solar system
a. Stratosphere
d. the water cycle
b. Mesosphere
c. Troposphere
d. Ionosphere
2. The atmosphere exerts pressure on Earths

surface because it _____.
f. holds heat
g. has weight
h. holds moisture
j. obtains energy from the Sun
The Atmosphere in Motion 51

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 12 The Atmosphere in Motion
Characteristics of Clouds
Cloud Name Description

or Prefix
Cumulus puffy
Stratus layered
Alto- forms in the middle

atmosphere
Cirro- forms in the upper

atmosphere
Nimbus- creates
precipitation
4. According to this table, a nimbostratus cloud is a _____.

f. layered, precipitation-causing cloud
g. precipitation-causing cloud in the middle atmosphere
h. puffy cloud in the upper atmosphere
j. layered cloud in the middle atmosphere

5. A science class measured the atmospheric 6. All of the following are forms of water in
pressure around their school. Which the atmosphere EXCEPT _____.
instrument records atmospheric pressure?
f. smog
a. Thermometer g. precipitation
b. Barometer h. ice
c. Water gauge j. vapor
d. Mass scale
52 The Atmosphere in Motion

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 12 The Atmosphere in Motion Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
1 The national weather service keeps a 4 The atmosphere consists of several

close eye on developing weather systems. layers. Which of the following is the
Which of these is an important reason correct arrangement of atmospheric
why? layers from Earth to space?
A To watch for occluded fronts F ionosphere thermosphere
B To watch for dangerous storms
mesosphere stratosphere
troposphere
C To measure the relative humidity
G thermosphere ionosphere
D To monitor low and high pressure mesosphere troposphere
regions stratosphere
H troposphere stratosphere
2 The clouds causing a thunderstorm mesosphere thermosphere
above a mountain range are most likely ionosphere
J stratosphere troposphere
F cumulonimbus
mesosphere ionosphere
G cirrus thermosphere
H cirrostratus
J altocumulus
5 Which of the following is not a type of
substance commonly found in the
atmosphere?
A nitrogen
B ozone
C chlorine
D aerosol
3 In the diagram above, the air pressure

would be lowest near the
A ocean surface
B shore
C mountain peak
D river
The Atmosphere in Motion 53

Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 12 The Atmosphere in Motion
Clouds 7 The dew point is an important factor in

Wind
weather prediction because it is the
Rain
A temperature at which condensation of
n
oratio
Ru atmospheric water can take place
no
ff
E va p
B volume at which condensation of
atmospheric water can take place
Ocean
C mass at which condensation of
6 The diagram above depicts D force at which condensation of
F the nitrogen cycle
G the water cycle
H the oxygen cycle 8 The main way that heat is transferred in
the atmosphere is by
J the soil cycle
F convection
G conduction
H transmission
J diffusion

sentences.
9 Explain the similarities and differences between the low cloud group (low and middle
clouds) and the high cloud group (high and vertical clouds).
54 The Atmosphere in Motion

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 13 Oceans Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
document.
B
C D
A
3. In the picture, the wavelength of these

waves is the distance noted by _____.
a. A
1. The most likely cause of the formation of b. B
this rocky structure was _____. c. C
a. waves eroding softer surrounding d. D
rocks
b. volcanic eruptions inland 4. Which of these pictures is most likely to
c. earthquake activity under the ocean have the highest high tide at the letter T?
d. human activity on the beach
f. T
F
G g. T
2. In the picture of the ocean, the warmest h. T
temperatures can be found in _____.

f. F
g. G
h. H
j. T
j. J
Oceans 55
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 13 Oceans
8. Nekton are animals that can actively swim

0
rather than drift in ocean current.
30 10
According to this definition, which of
these is a nekton?
20
f.
5. What is the mass reading on this scale,

which is holding solids collected from
evaporated sea water?
g.
a. 34.3 grams
b. 35.3 grams
c. 35.7 grams
d. 34.7 grams
h.
6. In general, ocean upwellings benefit

organisms living in coastal waters most
by _____.
f. bringing nutrient-rich water up from j.

the bottom of the ocean
g. providing fresh water for the
organisms in coastal waters to drink
h. creating currents to carry fish across
the ocean
j. causing tides to rise and fall
9. What is the purpose of building
desalination plants near oceans?
a. To help harvest seaweed for food
7. Which statement best describes what
happens to the upper water layer when b. To make fresh water for drinking
water evaporates from the surface of the c. To control the height of tides
ocean? d. To make the ocean more salty
a. It causes currents.
b. It becomes less concentrated.
c. It moves faster.
d. It becomes more dense and sinks.
56 Oceans
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 13 Oceans Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
1 In certain parts of the ocean, cold, deep 4 Which of the following is a reason that
water is forced to the surface by winds Iceland is relatively warm even though it
that blow away warmer surface water. is located at a far northern latitude?
This effect is called
F The Gulf Stream brings warm,
A the Coriolis effect southern water to Icelands shores.
B upwelling G The tides bring warm, southern water
C downwelling
to Icelands shores.
H Surface winds bring warm, southern
D thermocline
air to Iceland.
J Atmospheric winds bring warm,
southern air to Iceland.
2 Earths oceans may have been formed by
F volcanic eruptions that spewed water
vapor into the air 5 Tides periodically raise and lower the
G vast storms that rained water into the water level at the oceans edge. Which of
oceans the following causes tides?
H a great collision between Earth and A the Moons gravitational pull on Earth
the Moon
B Earths gravitational pull on the Moon
J underground rivers breaking through
C the Suns gravitational pull on the
to the surface
Moon
D Earths gravitational pull on the Sun
3 Which of the following is not normally

dissolved in ocean water?
A salt
B oxygen
C ammonia
D nitrogen
Oceans 57
Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 13 Oceans
6 Unique ocean organisms live near hot, 7 Which of the following is not an
deep ocean vents. These organisms important element of the oceans
obtain energy through ecosystem?
F photosynthesis A decomposers
G chemosynthesis B producers
H plankton C consumers
J erosion D providers
complete sentences.
8 Oceans are a major component of the water cycle. Draw a diagram of the water cycle,
including rain, evaporation, and runoff, including a description of the oceans key role in
maintaining the cycle.

9 Explain the similarities and differences between plankton and nekton.
58 Oceans
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 14 Exploring Space Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
Some Space Probe Missions

Date Mission Purpose
1977 Voyager 1 To fly past Jupiter and Saturn
To fly past Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
1977 Voyager 2
and Neptune
To transmit information about Jupiter
1989 Galileo
and its moons back to Earth
1992 Mars Observer To collect information about Mars
(mission failed)
1. According to the chart, the space probe most likely to have collected pictures about Uranus
would be .
a. Voyager 1

b. Voyager 2
c. Galileo
d. Mars Observer
Types of Spacecraft
Type Example Description
Space A spacecraft with supplies and areas for
Skylab 1
Station humans staying a long time in space.
An object that revolves around
Satellite Sputnik 1
another object.
An instrument that sends information

Probe Pathfinder
from space back to Earth.
Space A spacecraft that can carry people and
Columbia
Shuttle objects into and back from space.
2. According to the chart, a spacecraft that is designed to take pictures of planets for scientists
back on Earth is .
f. a space station
g. a satellite

h. a probe
j. a space shuttle
Exploring Space 59
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 14 Exploring Space
Group A Group B
3. The instruments in Group A are different from the instruments in Group B because only the
instruments in Group A are .
a. objects that produce visible light

b. objects that can be found in school classrooms
c. tools for observing visible light coming from a distance
d. tools for measuring the temperature of very hot objects
4. A reflecting telescope uses a mirror. Which 5. Which of the following has been the
of the following is a reflecting telescope? greatest benefit of using the space shuttle?
a. transporting astronauts and materials to
and from space
f.

b. exploring the surfaces of Mars and
Jupiter
c. disposing of the space shuttle after one
mission
g.
d. using solar energy to power spaceships
h.
6. Under which heading in a table of contents
would the most information about the
Apollo 11 space mission be found?
j. f. The Space Shuttle
g. Telescopes: Looking up into Space
h. The Race to the Moon
j. Satellites
60 Exploring Space
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 14 Exploring Space Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
1 The weights of astronauts are much less

when they walk on the Moon than when B
A
they walk on Earth. This is because of
A the depth of the Moons craters D
B the light coming from the Sun

C the strength of the Moons gravity C
D the solar winds
4 In the picture of the International Space

2 Some kinds of telescopes contain lenses. Station, the most likely place to put solar
The lens of a telescope panels to generate electricity would be

F magnifies and focuses the light F A
G reflects the light back out to space G B
H turns the telescope off and on
H C
J moves the telescope up and down J D
3 While walking on the Moon, the 5 Space probes have been used by
astronauts space suits keep them alive by scientists for many years. Space probes

A keeping them at the right pressure
can be used to
and temperature A carry astronauts to the space station
B giving them food to eat
B fly to distant planets to take pictures
C providing pockets for carrying C carry astronauts working on
Moon rocks experiments
D preventing them from tripping D house teams working in space for
months
Exploring Space 61
Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 14 Exploring Space
6 Which of the following pieces of 7 Which of the following is considered a

equipment would be the most useful type of electromagnetic radiation?
when looking at other planets?

A light
B water
C wind
F
D ozone

sentences.
8 In the past, the United States and the former Soviet Union competed and cooperated
to reach the goals of their space programs. Explain how the race to reach the Moon and
the creation of the new International Space Station support this statement.
62 Exploring Space
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 15 The Solar System and Beyond Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
document.
N
W E
S
Q R S T
1. Which is the order of the stages, from the earliest in the day to the end of the day, of the
position of the Sun in the sky?
a. Q, R, S, T
b. Q, T, S, R
c. S, R, T, Q
d. T, S, R, Q
Times of Sunrise
Day Sunrise
Monday 6:28 A.M.
Tuesday 6:30 A.M.
Wednesday 6:32 A.M.
Thursday 6:34 A.M.

3. Which of these contributes most to making
Friday ? half of the Moon bright in the picture?
a. Light from distant stars
2. These data were collected by astronomers b. Light from other planets
to determine when the Sun rose each day
c. Light from street lamps on Earth
during one week. If everything remains the
same, what will be the time of sunrise on d. Light from the Sun
Friday?
f. 6:32 A.M.
g. 6:35 A.M.
h. 6:36 A.M.
j. 6:38 A.M.
The Solar System and Beyond 63

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 15 The Solar System and Beyond
6. A galaxy is made up of a collection of

stars, gas, and dust. According to this
definition, which of these is a galaxy?
Q
f.
T S
4. In the picture of Earth in space, it is most g.

likely sunrise at _____.
f. Q
g. R
h. S
j. T h.
Q
S
j.
T

R
S
T
5. Which of the following lists the planets in

order from closest to the Sun to farthest
from the Sun?
a. Q, R, S, T
b. R, T, S, Q
c. S, T, R, Q
d. Q, R, T, S
64 The Solar System and Beyond

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 15 The Solar System and Beyond Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
1 Sometimes people see figures such as 4 Which statement best explains what
animals in the arrangement of stars in causes the seasons?
the sky. These figures are called
F Earth rotates on an axis, which causes
A supernova winds to circle around the planet.
B supergiants G The Moon revolves around Earth in
C galaxies
an orbit, which causes the oceans to
periodically rise and fall.
D constellations
H Earth revolves around the Sun in an
orbit that is slightly elliptical, which
causes some parts of the planet to be
2 What causes a solar eclipse? closer to the Sun and other parts to be
farther away from the Sun for periods
F Earth rotates around its axis at exactly of time.
the same rate that it revolves around
the Moon, casting a shadow that J Earth rotates on an axis that is tilted
momentarily blocks out sunlight. with respect to the Sun, which causes
some parts of the planet to receive
G Earth passes between the Sun and the more sunlight than other parts of the
Moon, casting a shadow that planet for periods of time.
momentarily blocks out moonlight.
H The Moon passes between Earth and
the Sun, momentarily blocking out
5 Very occasionally, a full moon seems to
sunlight.
temporarily darken as the Earth passes
J The Sun passes between Earth and the between it and the Sun. This situation is
Moon, momentarily blocking out called a
sunlight.
A lunar eclipse
B solar eclipse
3 Which of the following is not an inner C planetary eclipse
planet? D Earth eclipse
A Mars
B Earth
C Jupiter
D Venus
The Solar System and Beyond 65

Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 15 The Solar System and Beyond
6 What is an equinox? 7 Which of the following planets does not

have a solid surface?
F Sunlight hits Earth, tilted on its axis,
in such a way that Earth experiences A Mars
the longest day (and shortest night) of B Earth
the year.
C Jupiter
G Sunlight hits Earth, tilted on its axis,
in such a way that Earth experiences D Venus
the shortest day (and longest night) of
the year.
H Sunlight hits Earth, tilted on its axis, 8 Which of these is a cause of a supernova?
in such a way that Earth experiences
an equally long day and night. F A constellation breaks up into its
constituent parts.
J Sunlight hits Earth, tilted on its axis,
in such a way that Earth experiences a G A star runs out of fuel and collapses
solar eclipse. on itself.
H A galaxy rotates ever faster until it
explodes.
J An asteroid burns up in the
atmosphere of a planet.
complete sentences.

9 Imagine that you are able to visit the planets in our solar system. Choose one planet that you
would like to visit. Use what you have learned about that planet to explain the characteristics
of it and why you would like to visit it.
10 Tabitha was learning about astronomical units and light-years. Explain the types of
measurements for which astronomical units should be used and light-years should be used.
Include the length of an astronomical unit and the length of a light-year in your explanation.
66 The Solar System and Beyond

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 16 CellsThe Units of Life Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
Choose the best answer for each of the following questions.
Cell
Q
Organelle
R
Multicellular Organism
S
Organ
T
1. Which is the order of these biological objects from the least to the most complex?
a. R, Q, T, S
b. S, T, R, Q
c. T, S, Q, R
d. R, Q, S, T
2. Which kind of scientist would most likely Lethal and Preferred

study unicellular organisms? pH Levels for Cells
f. Astronomer 12
g. Biologist 10
h. Chemist 8
pH
j. Physician 6
4
2
0
A B C D
Cell membrane
4. According to the graph, which type of cell
can survive at the highest pH level?
f. A
g. B
h. C
3. What is the purpose of a cell membrane?
j. D
a. To form a boundary to allow food in
and wastes out
b. To separate organelles
c. To link multicellular organisms
d. To provide a pathway for nutrients to
move within the cell
CellsThe Units of Life 67
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 16 CellsThe Units of Life
5. A red blood cell is a type of cell that has Organelles and their Purposes
no nucleus. According to this definition,
Organelle Purpose
which of these is a red blood cell?
contains
Nucleus hereditary
materials
Vacuoles storage
energy
Mitochondria
a. production
photosynthesis
Cloroplast occurs
6. According to this chart, information

b.
regarding a cells reproduction is stored in
what organelle?
f. Nucleus
g. Vacuole
c. h. Mitochondria
j. Chloroplast
d. VACUOLE MITOCHONDRIA CHLOROPLAST

7. Which of these belongs with the group
above?
a. Organ
b. Cilia
c. Nucleus
d. Bacteria
68 CellsThe Units of Life

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 16 CellsThe Units of Life Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
1 The structure that allows only certain 4 Which of these is most useful when
materials to move into and out of the studying cells?
cell is called the
F Microscope
A cell membrane
G Pencil and paper
B organelle
H Mass scale
C vacuole
J Telescope
D organism
5 Organelles are structures that

2 Which of the following is not an
organelle? A increase cell size
B add to cell complexity
F Mitochondria
C have a specific job or jobs
G Nucleus
D filter out unwanted materials
H Cytoplasm
J Chloroplast
6 In a plant cell, a chloroplast helps the cell

to
3 Which of these supports and protects a
plant cell? F convert light into food

G dispose of wastes
A Photosynthesis
H direct reproduction
B Cell wall
J store important chemicals
C DNA
D Tissue
CellsThe Units of Life 69

Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 16 CellsThe Units of Life
7 A biologist studying cells could use 8 Which of the following may be classified
scientific tools and procedures to reveal as a unicellular animal?
A the purpose of different organelles F Book
B why microscopes are so costly G Tree
C when the cells were harvested H Amoeba
D who put the cells on the microscope J Lion
slide
complete sentences.
9 Draw an animal cell and label its different parts.

10 Explain the role of the mitochondria in the cell. Describe how mitochondria uses the process
of cellular respiration in order to carry out their role.
70 CellsThe Units of Life

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 17 Invertebrate Animals Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
1. Insect bodies contain small holes called 4. Bivalves are a group of mollusks that have
spiracles. These spiracles affect the insects two shells. According to this definition,
by _____. which of the organisms shown below is a
a. releasing oxygen bivalve?
b. taking in oxygen
c. releasing liquid wastes f.
d. absorbing food
g.
h.
Group A Group B
j.
2. The organisms in Group B are different
from the organisms in Group A because

only the organisms in Group B have _____.
f. radial symmetry
g. teeth
GILLS SHELL FOOT
h. bilateral symmetry
j. tentacles
5. Which of the following belongs with the
group above?
3. Information about cephalopods would most a. Thorax
likely be found under which of the b. Abdomen
following headings in a table of contents? c. Mantle
a. Arthropods d. Tentacles
b. Mollusks
c. Echinoderms
d. Cnidarians
Invertebrate Animals 71
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 17 Invertebrate Animals
6. Which part of an invertebrate is LEAST 8. Which two invertebrates are most closely
likely to become a fossil? related?
f. Shell
g. Spicule
f.
h. Exoskeleton
j. Gill
7 Arachnids have a cephalothorax, an

g.
abdomen, and four pairs of legs. According
to this information, which of the following
is an arachnid?
a. h.
j.
b.

9 Most arthropods will have all of these
c. characteristics EXCEPT _____.
a. mantle
b. exoskeleton
c. jointed appendages
d. segmented bodies
d.
72 Invertebrate Animals
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 17 Invertebrate Animals Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
1 Most animal cells are eukaryotic. What 4 Which of the following is not a type of
are distinguishing features of eukaryotic roundworm?
cells?
F tapeworm
A a nucleus with a membrane around it
G hookworm
B a cell wall and cytoplasm
H heartworm
C chloroplasts and photosynthesis
J Trichinella worm
D mitosis and meiosis
5 Sponges are filter feeders. Filter feeders

2 Which of the following is not a defining eat by
characteristic of animals?
A catching and chewing prey with sharp
F ability to move teeth
G ability to make own food B ingesting nutrients through wet skin
H radial or bilateral symmetry C straining large quantities of water for
J multicellular organism
food
D ensnaring prey in a web spun from
spinnerets on the abdomen
3 Animals are categorized by the presence
or lack of a backbone. Animals lacking a

backbone are classified as
A vertebrates
B invertebrates
C mammals
D monotremes
Invertebrate Animals 73
Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 17 Invertebrate Animals
6 A mollusks hard shell helps it by 8 Which of these is not an arthropod?
F keeping it dry F lobster

G providing a place to store extra food G bee
H protecting it from predators H fly
J enabling it to swim J sponge
7 A student measured a millipede. The 9 Which of the following can be classified

length the student recorded was most as an arachnid?
likely measured in
A spider
A meters
B leech
B kilometers
C jellyfish
C micrometers
D sea cucumber
D centimeters
Directions: Read number 10 below. Then, on the lines that follow, write your answer in complete
sentences.

10 What are the similarities and differences between sponges and cnidarians? Give examples of
each.
74 Invertebrate Animals
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 18 Vertebrate Animals Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
document.
1. Information about fins would most likely 3. What is the purpose of amphibians living
be found under which heading in a table of in moist places?
contents? a. To stabilize their body temperatures
a. Amphibian Adaptations b. To keep their skin moist to enable
b. Comparing Cnidarians and Mollusks absorption of oxygen
c. Movement of Aquatic Vertebrates c. To live in an environment with a large
d. Mammalian Adaptations number and variety of insects
d. To hibernate more comfortably
2. All of the following affect the rate of

amphibian metamorphosis EXCEPT _____.
f. species type
g. food supply
h. larval size
j. water temperature
Group A Group B
4. The animals in Group A are different from the animals in Group B because the animals in
Group A have _____.
f. fins
g. gills
h. spinal cords
j. bones
Vertebrate Animals 75
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 18 Vertebrate Animals
5. Down feathers are a type of insulating 7. Which of the following is the best
feather that are fluffy and trap heat. description of estivation?
According to this definition, which of a. A period of cold weather activity
these is a down feather? experienced by some amphibians
b. A period of body temperature change
a. experienced during illness by some
reptiles
c. A period of warm weather inactivity
b. experienced by some amphibians
d. A period of embryonic development
in the uterus experienced by some
mammals
c.
d. 8. A placental is a type of mammal that has a

placenta, which is a saclike organ. The
placenta affects the health of a placental
embryo by _____.
f. blocking the transfer of bacteria and
MAMMARY GLANDS MAMMALS PLACENTALS viruses between the mother and the
embryo
g. blocking the growth of blood vessels
6. Which of these belongs with the terms in the umbilical cord

above? h. assisting the transfer of food, oxygen,
f. Amniotic egg and wastes between the mother and
the embryo
g. Larval stage
j. assisting the gestation of the embryo
h. Exothermic
so that the gestation period decreases
j. Marsupials dramatically
76 Vertebrate Animals
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 18 Vertebrate Animals Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
1 Vertebrates are one type of chordate. 4 Which of the following is not a type of
What is a distinguishing feature of vertebrate?
chordates?
F amphibian
A segmented abdomen
G bird
B radial symmetry
H fish
C vocal chord
J crustacean
D notochord
5 Fish have gills. Gills serve the same

2 Which of the following is not a defining purpose as
characteristic of vertebrates?
A collar cells in sponges
F endoskeleton
B pouches in marsupials
G exoskeleton
C lungs in mammals
H backbone
D eggs in reptiles
J gills at some stage in the life cycle
6 A birds hollow bones help it

3 Some animals maintain a relatively
constant body temperature. These F hop

animals are known as G nest
A ectotherms H fly
B endotherms J sing
C isotherms
D mesotherms
Vertebrate Animals 77
Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 18 Vertebrate Animals
7 Which of the following is the reason 9 Which of the following describes a type
amphibians hibernate? of mammal?
A to catch prey A placental
B to maintain body temperature B cartilaginous
C to reproduce C ectothermic
D to undergo metamorphosis D jawless
8 Fish can move from shallow water to

deep water and back because of their
F bony tails
G fins
H swim bladders
J hingeless jaws
complete sentences.

10 What are the similarities and differences between endotherms and ectotherms? Provide
examples of each.
11 The bodies of birds are designed for flight. List the characteristics of bird bodies and explain
how these characteristics help birds to fly.
78 Vertebrate Animals
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 19 The Human Body Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
Mouth Esophagus Stomach 4. Which balloon best shows how your lungs
move when you inhale?
Small Large ? Anus
intestines intestines
f.
1. Which organ of the digestive tract is
missing?
a. spleen
b. gall bladder g.
c. teeth
d. rectum
Group A Group B
j.
2. The bones in Group A are different from
the bones in Group B because only the

bones in Group A have .
f. immovable joints
g. calcium
h. movable joints
j. pivot joints
3. What is the primary function of nephrons

in the kidney?
a. to remove wastes from blood
b. to remove water from cells
c. to add carbon dioxide into cells
d. to add salt into the blood
The Human Body 79

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 19 The Human Body
Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Other Gases
Inhaled Air 78% 21% 0.03% 0.97%
Exhaled Air 78% 16% 4% 2%
5. Based on the data in the table above, which substances are excreted by the lungs?
a. carbon dioxide and oxygen only
b. nitrogen and oxygen only
c. carbon dioxide and other gases
d. nitrogen only
7. Which of these shows the process of

ovulation?
a.
Neuron A Neuron B

b.
6. The above picture shows two neurons. A
nerve impulse moves from Neuron A to
Neuron B because of .
c.
f. the release of various carbohydrates
into the synapse
g. the release of chemicals called
neurotransmitters
d.
h. the dendrites that are connected
j. Neuron A hitting against Neuron B
80 The Human Body

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 19 The Human Body Standardized Test Practice
Body Part ? 4 Which bones are most responsible for a

persons height?
Mouth Yes
Stomach Yes shin bone
Epidermis No
White Cells No
Small Intestines Yes F
thigh bone backbone

1 What could be used as the missing
heading?
skull
A Part of Nervous System?
G
B Part of Digestive System?
knee
C Part of Skeletal System? arm bone
D Part of Circulatory System?
ribcage
2 The alveoli in our lungs help us by H
F diffusing oxygen into the blood arm bones thigh bone
G diffusing carbon dioxide into the

blood pelvic bone
H diffusing oxygen out of the blood

J diffusing nitrogen into the blood J
thigh bone shin bone
3 Lawrences teacher is describing a certain

part of the eye. He says it is a tissue at
the back of the eye that is sensitive to 5 A similarity between the endocrine
light. The tissue contains two types of system and the nervous system is that
cells called rods and cones. Lawrence they are both control systems. One
correctly identifies the part as the difference is that the endocrine system
A pupil A doesnt react as quickly as the nervous

system
B retina
B is made up of many neurons
C optic nerve
C reacts more quickly than the nervous
D lens
system
D does not release hormones into the
blood
The Human Body 81

Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 19 The Human Body
6 Sperm and testosterone are produced 7 In which of the following does

in the fertilization of an egg usually take place?
F urethra A ovary
G prostate gland B oviduct
H penis C placenta
J testes D cilia
Directions: Read Number 8 below. Then, on the lines that follow, write your answers in complete
sentences.
8 Reproduction begins inside of the female body when a sperm fertilizes an egg. Describe the
steps in reproduction, from fertilization of the egg to implantation of the embryo. Draw a
diagram of the female reproductive system and show where the steps occur.
82 The Human Body

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 20 The Role of Genes in Inheritance Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
document.
centimeters
1 2. The picture above shows a cell. Which of
these shows what will form when the cell
0 goes through meiosis?
1. What is the approximate height of this pea

plant? f.
a. 4 centimeters
b. 6 centimeters
c. 8 centimeters
d. 10 centimeters
g.
h.
j.
The Role of Genes in Inheritance 83

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 20 The Role of Genes in Inheritance
Observations of Mitosis Observations of Pea Plants
End of Hour Number of Cells Trait Dominant Allele
1 2 Plant Height Tall
2 4 Flower Color Purple
3 8 Seed Color Yellow
4 ? Seed Texture Smooth
3. These data were collected by watching a 5. According to the chart, when a pea plant
cell go through mitosis many times. If with two purple-flower alleles is mated
everything remains the same, what will be with a white-flowered pea plant, the
the number of cells present at the end of offspring plants will have _____.
the fourth hour? a. white flowers
a. 8 b. yellow seeds
b. 10 c. tall stems
c. 16 d. purple flowers
d. 32

4. Under which heading in a table of contents
would the most information about
mutations be found?
f. Plant Reproduction
g. Genes and Heredity
h. Classification of Animals
J Photosynthesis
84 The Role of Genes in Inheritance

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 20 The Role of Genes in Inheritance Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
1 The material that controls heredity in 4 Many complex life forms reproduce
almost every living thing on Earth is sexually. Sexual reproduction results in
offspring that
A DNA
F are identical to the mother
B RNA
G are identical to both parents
C trait
H are identical to one parent but are
D nucleus
completely different from the other
J share some traits with each parent but
are not identical to either one
2 Which of the following is not a type of
asexual reproduction?
F bud 5 Selective breeding allows breeders to
G seed
A increase the chance of desirable traits
H clone in offspring
J cell division B develop perfect offspring
C completely predict all traits in
offspring
3 The cell division process that creates sex D eliminate every negative trait in every
cells is different from the cell division offspring
process that makes all other kinds of
cells. Which of these is the process that
creates sex cells?
A mitosis
B meiosis
C chromosome
D allele
The Role of Genes in Inheritance 85

Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 20 The Role of Genes in Inheritance
6 Which of the following is an example of 7 People are born with differently colored
a mutation? hair because of
F a baby looking like both of its parents A spontaneous mutation
G a hydra producing an identical B genetic variation
offspring by budding C egg fertilization
H a four-leaf clover plant being
D asexual regeneration
produced by a three-leaf clover plant
J a human egg and sperm cell joining
and resulting in a full set of 46
chromosomes
Directions: Read Numbers 8 and 9 below. Then, on the lines that follow, write your answer in
complete sentences.
8 Asexual reproduction can occur by budding, regeneration, and cloning. Explain the
differences and similarities between these three asexual reproduction methods.

9 Animals, such as cows, horses, and dogs, have often been selectively bred. How does selective
breeding work and what are its effects?
86 The Role of Genes in Inheritance

Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 21 Ecology Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
3 The composition of the air we breathe is

about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1%
other gases. Which of these graphs best
illustrates this information?
Nitrogen
Other
a.
Oxygen
1. A limiting factor is something that limits
the size of a population in an ecosystem.
According to this definition, which of
Nitrogen
these could be a limiting factor for the Other
rabbits in the picture?
b.
a. number of edible plants
b. human homes and buildings Oxygen
c. lack of water
d. cloudy weather Nitrogen
Other
c.
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Other
d.
2. The picture shows a sprouted mangrove
Oxygen
seed floating away from a mangrove
swamp in an ocean current. According to
this picture, ocean currents benefit the
mangrove species most by .
f. drowning its sprouted seeds
g. providing fresh water for the seeds
to grow
h. spreading its sprouted seeds to new
coastal areas
j. making it easier for seagulls to eat its
sprouted seeds
Ecology 87
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 21 Ecology
Caribou Snowy Owl
Mosquito Lichen
6. The picture shows organisms from one of

4. If more mice were added to a region, there the major biomes on Earth. In which
would be more food for each of the biome are all of these organisms able to
following EXCEPT . live?
f. plants f. tropical rain forest
g. bats g. tundra
h. snakes h. desert
j. foxes j. ocean
Owls Abiotic Features of Ecosystems

Centipedes Lizards Snakes

Crickets
Mice
7. The pictures show three abiotic features of
ecosystems. Which of the following is the
5. If all of the centipedes disappeared from major characteristic of abiotic features?
the region, the species that would benefit
a. They are all non-living.
most would be .
b. They are in all ecosystems.
a. snakes
c. They are necessary for life.
b. mice
d. They are impossible to measure.
c. lizards
d. owls
88 Ecology
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 21 Ecology Standardized Test Practice
3 Which statement best explains what a

population is?
A A population is all of the animals in a
habitat.
B A population is all of the carnivores in
Picture A Picture B an ecosystem.
C A population is all of the animals of
1 The ecosystem in Picture A is healthy one specific species in an ecosystem.
while the ecosystem in Picture B is not. D A population is all of the animals that
What seems to be needed to help the an ecologist can count in a habitat.
organisms in Picture B survive?
A more sunny days
B more plants
C fewer predators
D more wind
2 Which of the choices below is a

decomposer?
4 Which organism in this food web is a
F mushroom herbivore?
G grass
F plant
H cricket
G caterpillar
J fish
H spider
J fox
Ecology 89
Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 21 Ecology
Eagles
6 Which sentence provides the best
definition of a pioneer species?
F Pioneer species are the last organisms

Snakes
Sparrows to move into an ecosystem.
G Pioneer species are usually carnivores.
Mice
H Pioneer species are the first organisms
to move into an ecosystem.
Grasshoppers
J Pioneer species are species found only
in the western United States.
5 Which of the statements below is true?
A Energy transfers from sparrows to

grasshoppers.
B Energy transfers from eagles to snakes.
C Energy transfers from grasshoppers to
mice.
D Energy transfers from snakes to mice.
Directions: Read Numbers 78 below. Then, on the lines that follow, write your answers in
complete sentences.

7 In an ecosystem, there are plants, herbivores (plant eaters), and carnivores (meat eaters).
Explain how all organisms are dependent on plants for food, even if they dont eat plants
themselves. Draw a food chain as part of your explanation.
8 A forest is cut down to make space for a new mall. What will be some of the effects of this
human activity on the forest ecosystem?
90 Ecology
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 22 Earths Resources Chapter Test
DIRECTIONS
1. All of the following are nonrenewable 4. Juans class wanted to begin a school
energy sources EXCEPT . recycling program by collecting the glass
a. coal bottles and aluminum cans used by students
during lunchtime. Since drink containers
b. geothermal energy
must be sorted before recycling, which set of
c. natural gas bins below would be most helpful?
d. petroleum oil
A l u minu m G la s s
f.
2. Information about oil and coal being used
to heat homes would most likely be found
under which heading in a table of
contents? Paper D r in k
g. C o ntain e r s
f. Nuclear Energy
g. Renewable Resources
h. Inexhaustible Resources
j. Fossil Fuels D r in k D r in k
h. C o ntain e r s C o ntain e r s
3. Which of the following is NOT a way to

help conserve energy resources?

P l a s ti c Paper
a. leave the windows slightly open in j.
winter
b. turn off the lights when leaving the
room
c. use solar power to heat your home
5. Which of the following methods of insect
d. put extra insulation in the roof of your
pest control would have the LEAST
home
harmful effect on the environment?
a. pulling out all the plants that the
insect pests feed on
b. spraying pesticides over all the plants
c. setting traps that contain concentrated
insecticide
d. releasing insects that prey on the
insect pests
Earths Resources 91
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter Test Chapter 22 Earths Resources
Air Quality Index

AQI
Index Values Health Catagories
Categories Cautionary Statements for 8-Hour Ozone
0 to 50 Good None
51 to 100 Moderate Sensitive people should consider

limiting prolonged outdoor exertion.
101 to 150 Unhealthy for Active children and adults and people with
Sensitive Groups respiratory disease, such as asthma, should
limit prolonged outdoor exertion.
151 to 200 Unhealthy Active children and adults and people with
respiratory disease, such as asthma, should
limit prolonged outdoor exertion. Everyone else,
especially children, should limit prolonged
outdoor exertion.
201 to 300 Very Unhealthy Active children and adults and people with
respiratory disease, such as asthma, should
limit prolonged outdoor exertion. Everyone else,
especially children, should limit outdoor exertion.
6. According to the Air Quality Index, air with an AQI Value of 250 would have a rating
of .
f. moderate

g. unhealthy
h. very unhealthy
j. hazardous
7. Which of the following shows a group of items suitable for composting?
a. c.
b. d.
92 Earths Resources
Name: Date: Class:
Chapter 22 Earths Resources Standardized Test Practice
DIRECTIONS
The Tiger's Shrinking Range

Russia
Mongolia
Siberian Tiger
China (150-200)
India South China Tiger

(30-80)
Indo-Chinese Tiger
Bengal Tiger (1,000-1,700)
(3,350-4,700)
Sumatran Tiger
(650)
1 This water heater conserves energy Key
because the insulating jacket Range in 1900 Range in 1994
A provides a nonrenewable resource

B traps extra heat
3 The diagram above shows the shrinking
C cools the water more quickly ranges and estimated population of five
D absorbs sunlight different species of tiger. In the region of
the world shown on the map, the danger
of extinction would be greatest for the
2 Which of the following natural resources A Indo-Chinese tiger

is renewable? B Siberian tiger

F coal C South China tiger
G natural gas D Sumatran tiger
H oil
J water
4 The biggest problem with using plastic
garbage bags is that they
F are expensive compared to paper bags
G often break when they are overfilled
H do not decompose when they are
thrown away in a landfill
J produce toxic gases when they are
burned by waste departments
Earths Resources 93
Name: Date: Class:
Standardized Test Practice Chapter 22 Earths Resources
Directions: This chart shows information from a pond collected over several months as its pH
was changed by acid rain. Use the information in the chart to answer Numbers 45 below.
Number 6 A neighboring pond that is a similar size

pH Number Temp. is somewhat cloudy and has 31 fish, 150
Month of Visibility
level of fish (C)
lily pads lily pads, and a temperature of 62C.
May 5.9 50 200
very
62
What is the most likely pH of this pond?
cloudy
F 5.9
a little
June 5.5 30 165 64
cloudy G 5.5
July 4.9 20 100 clear 63 H 4.9

J 4.2
Aug. 4.2 5 33 clear 64
5 Which measurement did not seem to be

affected by the pH of the pond?
A number of fish
B number of lily pads
C visibility
D temperature

Directions: Read Number 7 below. Then, on the lines that follow, write your answers in
complete sentences.
7 Explain the steps you should take to dispose of wastes safely.
94 Earths Resources

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Standardized Test Practice: Test Preparation

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x Introduction Science Level Red

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Science Level Red Introduction xi

Chapter 4: Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

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Chapter 18: Vertebrate Animals