Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Types of Roof
Flat roof
Pitched roof or sloping roof
Curved roof
GABLE ROOF
Barn/ garages
MANSARD ROOF
The mansard roof is a French
design and is more difficult to
construct than the hip or gable
roof.
Hip roofs are thus much better suited for hurricane regions
than gable roofs. Hip roofs have no large, flat, or slab-sided
ends to catch wind and are inherently much more stable
than gable roofs.
Cross hipped
roof
SHED ROOF
Offers the same simplicity and
economical construction methods
as a flat roof but does not have the
drainage problems associated with
a flat roof.
COMMON ROOFING
MATERIAL
ROOF ELEMENTS
1. Span it is the clear distance between the
supports of an arch, beam or roof truss.
2. Rise it is the vertical distance between
the top of the ridge and the wall plate
3. Pitch it is the inclination of the sides of a
roof to the horizontal plane. It is
expressed either in terms of
degrees(angles) or as a ratio of rise to
span.
Wall plate: Usually 100 x 50 mm softwood
timbers are fixed to the top of load
bearing walls to distribute loads and
provide fixings for roof timbers.
Battens
Cleat
Post plate
Usual slope is 30
These roofs have two basic elements ; (i) rafters, and (ii) purlins.
The purlins give intermediate support to the rafters, and are
supported on end walls. The intermediate supports so provided in
the form of purlins, reduce the size of the rafters to the economical
range. Such a roof is also known as rafter and purlin roof.
The principal rafters support the purlins. The purlins support the
closely-spaced common rafters which have the same slope as the
principal rafters. The common rafters support the roof covering as
usual.
The spacing of the king-post truss is limited to
3 m centre to centre. The truss is suitable for
spans varying from 5 to 8 meters.
qThe lower, horizontal. tie beam
receives the ends of the principal
rafters, and prevents the wall from
spreading out due to thrust.
qThe king-post prevents the tie-
beam from sagging at its centre of
span. qThe trusses are supported on the bed blocks
qThe struts connected to the tie of stone or concrete, embedded in the
beams and the principal rafters in supporting walls so that load is distributed to a
inclined direction, prevent the greater area.
sagging of principal rafters.
In absence of the straining sill, the thrust from the strut would
tend to force the foot of the queen-post inwards. Purlins, with
cleats, are provided as in the king-post truss. These trusses are
suitable for spans between 8 to 12 meters.