Sautrantika

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The Sautrantika were an early Buddhist school generally believed to be descended
from the Sthavira nikaya by way of their immediate parent school, the
Sarvastivadins. Their name means literally those who rely upon the sutras, and
indicated their rejection of the Abhidharma texts of other early Buddhist schools.
[1]

Contents [hide]
1 History
2 References
2.1 Bibliography
3 See also
4 External links
History[edit]
The Sarvastivadins sometimes referred to them as the Dar??antika school, meaning
those who utilize the method of examples.[1] This latter name may have been a
pejorative label.[2] It is also possible that the name 'Dar??antika' identifies a
predecessor tradition, or another related, but distinct, doctrinal position; the
exact relationship between the two terms is unclear.[3]

Charles Willemen identifies the Sautrantika as a Western branch of the

Sarvastivadins, active in the Gandhara area, who split from the Sarvastivadins
sometime before 200 CE, when the Sautrantika name emerged.[4] Other scholars are
less confident of a specific identification for the Sautrantika; Nobuyoshi Yamabe
calls specifying the precise identity of the Sautrantika one of the biggest
problems in current Buddhist scholarship.[3] The founding of the Sautantrika school
is attributed to the elder Kumaralata (c. first century), author of a collection of
drstanta (drstantapankti) named Kalpanamanditika. The Sautantrikas were sometimes
also called disciples of Kumaralata.[5]

According to the Abhidharmakosakarika of Vasubandhu, the Sautrantika held the view

that there may be many buddhas simultaneously, otherwise known as the doctrine of
contemporaneous buddhas.[6]

The Sautrantika differed from their parent school, the Sarvastivadins on matters of
ontology.[2] While the Sarvastivadin abhidharma described a complex system in which
past, present, and future phenomena are all held to have some form of their own
existence, the Sautrantika subscribed to a doctrine of extreme momentariness that
held that only the present moment existed.[2] They seem to have regarded the
Sarvastivadin position as a violation of the basic Buddhist principle of
impermanence.[2] The Sarvastivadin abhidharma also broke down human experience in
terms of a variety of underlying phenomena (a view similar to that held by the
modern Theravadin abhidhamma); the Sautrantika believed that experience could not
be differentiated in this manner.[2]

They used the concept of an asraya (substrate, refuge) to explain the continuity of
consciousness through rebirth, whereas the Pudgalavadins and Vatsiputriyins posited
a pudgala (a 'personal entity' distinct from the five skandha), and where non-
Buddhist Indian philosophy typically referred to an atman.[citation needed]
Vasubandhu, one of the Indian monastic scholars primarily responsible for
articulating the doctrines of the Yogacara school, was sympathetic to the
Sautrantika on many doctrinal issues, and wrote critiques of the Vaibha?ika
tradition from a Sautrantika perspective.[7]

No separate vinaya (monastic code) specific to the Sautrantika has been found, nor
is the existence of any such separate disciplinary code evidenced in other texts;
this indicates that they were likely only a doctrinal division within the
Sarvastivadin school.[2]

References[edit]
^ Jump up to a b Wynne 2012, p. 118.
^ Jump up to a b c d e f Buswell 2003, p. 505.
^ Jump up to a b Buswell 2003, p. 177.
Jump up ^ Buswell 2003, p. 220.
Jump up ^ Przyluski, Jean (1940). Darstantika, Sautrantika and Sarvastivaldin. The
Indian Historical Quarterly. 6 24654.
Jump up ^ Xing 2005, p. 67.
Jump up ^ Buswell 2003, p. 878.
Bibliography[edit]
Buswell, Robert Jr. (2003). Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Macmillan USA. ISBN 978-0-02-
865718-9.
Williams, Paul; Tribe, Anthony; Wynne, Alexander (2012). Buddhist Thought A
Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-52087-7.
Xing, Guang (2005). The Concept of the Buddha Its Evolution from Early Buddhism to
the Trikaya Theory. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-33344-3.
See also[edit]
Schools of Buddhism
Nikaya Buddhism
External links[edit]
Sautrantika Theory of Perception [Part 14]. www.wisdomlib.org.
Sautrantika theory of Inference [Part 15]. www.wisdomlib.org.
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