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2016 International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan

A Smart Parking System using WiFi and Wireless


Sensor Network
Cheng Yuan, Li Fei, Chen Jianxin and Ji Wei
Nangjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
Email:{13012120, lifei, chenjx, jiwei}@njupt.edu.cn

AbstractIn the last few years, smart parking has been focused
due to the development of indoor position technology. There
are several smart parking systems for garage. But there are
two major problems in these systems. The rst one is the
detection of parking space occupation, and the second one is
space navigation.To solve these two problems, we propose a smart
parking system combining WiFi and wireless sensor network. In
this system, geomagnetic sensors are used to detect the occupation
of parking spaces, and WiFi is used for navigation. A prototype
system has been developed.

I. I NTRODUCTION
In recent years, the demand of accurate positioning and
navigation is increasing, especially in a complex indoor en-
vironment, such as underground mines, shopping malls, etc.
We often need to obtain the location of terminal device and Fig. 1. Layout of Magnetic Sensors
its holder[1]. Due to the limitation of GPS(Global Position
System), some technologies like WiFi, Zigbee and RFID are
processed in the server and provided to the user with a smart
applied in indoor positioning. Recently, indoor positioning
mobile terminal.
with fusion technology is a hot research topic.
Two main problems exist in underground parking garage: B. Parking space detection algorithm
detecting the occupation of parking space and positioning the In parking space detection module, a sensor node with
moving vehicles[2]. Vamsee k. Boda and his team have pro- magnetometer is placed on the middle between two adjacent
posed a scheme to detect the area of vehicles using magnetic parking spaces on the ground as in Fig.1. The detection
sensors. Based on this theory, to obtain the exact location algorithm in the sensor node estimates which side the car is
of every car, and to decrease the cost, we use magnetometer parking in or out. The estimation result will be sent to the
for two adjacent parking spaces. In addition, the WiFi indoor sink node and then to the server. Fig.2 depicts the variations
positioning technology is used to locate the moving vehicles. of magnetic eld when a car is parking in and out. In this
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: Section system, Y-axis of magnetometer is parallel to the long side of
II describes the overall system architecture, including the parking space, and the Z-axis is perpendicular to the ground.
parking space detection module and the improved WiFi in-
door positioning. Section III introduces the prototype system.
Section IV makes a brief conclusion.

II. A SMART PARKING SYSTEM

The proposed system shown in Fig.1, is composed of


parking space detection module, vehicles positioning module
and background processing server.

A. System Introduction
In the rst module, a sensor node with magnetometer
monitors the magnetic eld around the parking space and Fig. 2. Magnetic Data
judges the occupation state through a detection algorithm[3].
In the second module, the WiFi indoor positioning technology As shown in Fig.2, when a car is parking in or out of the
combined with the sensor network provides the location of parking space, three-axis data of magnetic sensor will change
moving vehicles to the server. All these information will be correspondingly. The data from Y and Z-axis is more regularly.

978-1-5090-2073-7/16/$31.00 2016 IEEE


2016 International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan

They will be used to detect the occupation of each parking


space, as in Eq.1:


{1, 0} Yn > Yn1 , Zn Zn1

{1, 0} Yn Yn1 , Zn > Zn1
{Slef t , Sright }n =

{0, 1} Yn Yn1 , Zn Zn1

{0, 1} Yn > Yn1 , Zn > Zn1
(1)
In Eq.(1), S denotes the status of parking space, -1 and 1
represent the car leaving and running into the parking space
respectively, Yn and Zn denotes the current magnetic data
output of each axis. With the real-time monitoring of a 3-axis
of magnetometer, the changes of parking space occupation
state will be accurately catched.
C. WiFi Positioning and navigation
The WiFi indoor positioning technology uses ngerprinting (a) Test Scenario (b) Client Interface
technology with smart phones to collect signal strength[4]. Fig. 3. Prototype System
This algorithm, which is most widely used, includes two
stages: off-line collecting and online positioning[5]. During the TABLE I
off-line collecting stage: the RSS(Received Signal Strength) C OMPARISON OF THE ERROR
signals, which are collected by smart phones, together with the
<1m <2m <3m <4m <5m
coordinate of reference points, will be saved in database. This
fusion algorithm 34% 60% 77% 87% 98%
data is called Radio Map. During the online positioning stage: KNN algorithm 21% 41% 73% 81% 92%
mobile terminals are used to compute the real-time RSS signal,
which match the database to nd the nearest coordination.
Some improvements have been done in the proposed system is shown in Table I. The cumulative error probabilities of 2m
using ngerprinting algorithm. Firstly, combining with mag- and 5m are increased by 19% and 6% respectively.
netic sensors, the WiFi positioning result will be calibrated.
IV. C ONCLUSION
when a vehicle is passing by the sensor node, a peak will
be detected from the magnetic data. At the same time, a In this paper, a smart parking system is proposed, including
corresponding message including the location of node will three parts: the parking space detection module, the WiFi
be sent to the server. Then the WiFi positioning result will indoor positioning module and a background server. In the rst
be corrected to the coordinate of the sensor node. Secondly,in module, we adopted a 3-axis magnetometer sensor instead of
the parking garage, when vehicles are moving, they are usually the traditional infrared sensor, to detect two parking spaces. In
on the driveway. So the positioning result will be adjusted the second module, the WiFi positioning result is improved by
to one side of the driveway according to the direction. The magnetometer and accelerometer sensors. The last module is
direction of user is calculated by the inertial sensors in the responsible for the communication and data processing. The
smart terminal. Thirdly, it can be judged by accelerometer proposed system will meet the demands of self-positioning.
sensor whether the smart terminal is now still or moving. If The low cost, high accuracy and good portability will bring it
it is still, positioning result can be averaged with the previous a broad application prospect.
results in order to reduce the error. R EFERENCES
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978-1-5090-2073-7/16/$31.00 2016 IEEE

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