Luminance:

VISUAL TESTING lighting levels;

12.1Introduction to, terminology, purpose lighting techniques;
and history of, NDT contrast.
History Optical principles:
History of visual testing (VT) operation of lenses;
Purpose of NDT operation of magnifiers;
Definition of VT image construction;
Terminology virtual images;
Terminology applicable to VT chromatic aberration
EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-10 geometric distortion;
Extended overview of VT magnification principles;
Applications Visual perception:
12.2 Physical principles of the method what the eyes see;
and associated knowledge what the mind sees;
Relevant standards: what others perceive;
EN 13018: VT General principles what the designer, engineer etc.
EN 13927: VT equipment Material attributes affecting the test:
Vision: cleanliness;
Fundamentals The eye, including operation colour;
and construction condition;
Vision limitations shape;
Adaptation and accommodation Disorders size;
Lighting: physics of light temperature;
Electromagnetic radiation texture;
Visible wavelengths type;
Fundamentals of light: surface finish;
transmission; surface preparation;
reflection; Environmental and physiological
absorption. factors:
Lighting measurements atmosphere;
comfort; cold working processes;
perspective. heat treatment processes.
distance; Material composition:
accessing; surface finishing methods;
fatigue; basic foundry technology;
health; machining and material removal
humidity; processes;
mental attitude; polymers/composites.
position; In-service aspects:
safety; service induced flaws;
temperature; mechanically;
cleanliness. thermally;
Direct and remote methods tribology;
Vision requirements & the employers wear;
Responsibility chemical;
12.3 Product knowledge and capabilities electrochemical.
of the method and its derivate techniques References:
The depth of knowledge required for EN 970
this section is as follows: EN 12454
test objects and flaws; EN 1370
basic production and EN 10163-1
degradation process; EN 10163-2
terms, origin and nature and EN 10163-3
appearance of flaws; EN ISO 5817, etc
product technology sectors; Capability and limitations of VT
basic metallurgy of the Detect ability:
process/component; flaw size;
welding/joining methods. shape;
Including cladding and buttering orientation/position;
wrought product production flaw types;
methods; surface condition effects;
equipment limitations; Image recording, transfer and storage
lighting effects. equipment:
Associated techniques: equipment selection & limitations
gauging; verification of equipment
comparators; Sizing of indications:
measurement; imaging systems;
thermographic imaging; special optical systems.
replication. Or other special equipment as
References: necessary for the test (underwater,
ISO 3057 radiation resistant, etc.)
12.4 Equipment Introduction to, and 12.5 Information prior to testing
applications of, equipment Pre-test documentation (EN 13018)
Introduction to, and applications of, Test instructions
equipment Written procedure or standard (when
Mirrors required)
Magnifiers (ISO 3058) Object to be tested
Borescopes Extent of test coverage
Fibrescopes Technique and sequence of performing test
Photographic and video: Surface condition
imaging cameras; Surface preparation
video monitors The stage of manufacture or service
light sources and special life when testing is to be carried out
lighting; The requirements of test personnel
gauges, templates, scales, The acceptance criteria
special tools, etc.; The illumination (type, level and direction)
automated systems; The visual testing equipment to be used
computer-enhanced systems; The post test documentation
demonstration test piece; A demonstration test piece &
resolution targets; inspection checkpoints
graticules. Requirement for recorded images
Development and writing of NDT
instructions for level I for a given test By comparison
specimen, from standards or codes By measurement
12.6 Testing Automated evaluation, e.g. pattern
How to set up and calibrate a test Recognition
Specifying and working with Recording
demonstration test pieces and Reporting
resolution targets 12.9 Quality aspects
Prepare written test instructions from Personnel qualification
standards or codes for given test (according to EN 473 and ISO 9712)
pieces Equipment verification
Practical training on test equipment Written instructions
and performing tests on training test Traceability of documents
pieces with known flaws to A review of applicable NDT
instructions as above including application and product standards
equipment and test parameters 12.10 Developments
12.7 Evaluation and Reporting General information
Level 1 detail plus how to control
and monitor a Level 1 test done
with your guidance
Interpretation, evaluation and
reporting of results to specifications
and standards
Objective/Subjective evaluation
Completion of calibration forms
12.8 Assessment
Classification and assessment of
observations per acceptance criteria
from the codes, standards or written
instructions, etc. or by specific
reference to a level 3 where no
codes or standards exist