Cesztelyi Tams

Gemmk is gyrk Brigetibl

Gemstones andFinqer Rings from Brigetio

n* %0

A tatai Kuny Domokos Mzeum gytXjtemnyei 6.

ColUctions of tht Kuny Domokos Museum o/ Tata 6.

 Gesztelyi Tams

Gemmk s gyrk Brigetibl

Gemstones and Finger Bings
from Brigetio

A tatai Kuny Domokos Mzeum gyjtemnyei 6.

Collections of the Kuny Domokos Museum of Tata 6.
 Sorozatszerkeszt/Editor of the Series
Dr. Flp Eva

Katalgusszveg/Text of the Catalogue

Gesztelyi Tams

Szerkeszt/Editor
Kisn Cseh Julianna

Fordtotta/Translated by
Bokorn Molnr Erika

A fordtst ellenrizte/Gontrolled by
Tristan Arnison s Martin Henig professzor

Fot/Photo
Tahin Gyula
Kovcs Attila (20, 22, 45, 62, 68, 74, 77, 80, 85-88, 90-91, 94-106, 108-120)

Katalgusterv/Plane of the Catalogue

lveczky Gbor

ISBN 963 7110 35 6

ISSN 1219 6207

Nyomda/Printed
ALFDAT Press Kft

Felels vezet/Director
Lvai Ferenc

Tata 2001

A tanulmny elksztst s kzzttelt a T 025192. sz. OTKA tmogats tette lehetv

This study was prepared and published by the
support of the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, ID No. T 025192.

A cmlapon: Kat. 67.

I. Bevezets
Brigetio
A Pannnia szaki limesn, a Vg
Duna-torkolatval tellenben fekv
Brigetio mr a Kr. u. 1. szzad kzepe
krl katonai llomshelly vlt.1 Az 1-
2. szzad fordulja krl a Carnuntum
s Aquincum kzti hatrszakasz meg
erstsre legistbort hoztak itt ltre,
ahol a Legio I Adiutrix llomsozott. A
tbor a quad-markomann hbork fon
tos bzisa volt. A hbort kveten az
embervesztesget tlnyomrszt a Ke
letrl (Kis-zsia, Syria) bevndorolt la
kossg ptolta. Ez nagymrtkben el
segtette a tbor krli (canaba) s az
attl nyugatra fekv polgri telepls
kialakulst s fejldst. Ez utbbi a 3.
sz. elejn megkapta a municipium, majd
a szzad kzepe krl a colonia rangot.2
Ugyancsak a szzad elejn, 214-ben ha
trmdosts kvetkeztben a vros
Pannnia Superiorbl Pannnia Inferi-
orba kerlt t. A vros virgz gazdasgi
letrl tanskodnak azok a hatalmas
remgyjtemnyek, melyek az itteni
leletekbl jttek ltre.3 A fizetkpes
kereslet vonzotta a kzmveseket s a
kereskedket. Az rubsgnek kszn
het a kermia-, az veg-, a csont-, a
bronz- s a gemmaleletek ms pannni
ai vrosokat tlszrnyal mennyisge.4
A 3. szzad kzeptl megersd bar
br tmadsok kvetkeztben az addig
virgz vrosi let hanyatlsnak indult.
375-ben itt trgyalt a quad kvetsggel
a bkefelttelekrl I. Valentinianus, s
ekzben rte a hall. Ekkor mr a polg
ri lakossg elhagyta a veszlyess vlt
teleplst, a helyben maradk a rmai
uralom vgig a tbor terletre hzd
tak vissza.5
Br Brigetio mdszeres feltrsra
mind ez ideig nem kerlt sor, mgis
Pannnia leggazdagabb lelhelyei kz
I. Introduction
Brigetio
Brigetio was situated on the north
ern boundary of Pannnia, near the
confluence of the rivers Vg and
Danube. It became a military garrison
in the middle of the 1st century A.D.1
At the turn of the 2nd century, a legio
nary camp was founded here in order to
strengthen the boundary between
Carnuntum and Aquincum. The Legio
I Adiutrix was stationed at this camp
which was an important base in the
Quadi-Marcomannic wars. After the
wars, the loss of life among the local
population was made up by immigrants,
mostly from the East (Asia Minor and
Syria). This greatly contributed to the
formation and development of two
civilian settlements; one of which was
around the garrison (canabae) and the
other to the west. This latter settlement
was given the status of a municipium at
the beginning of the 3rd century, and in
the middle of the same century, that of
a colonia.2 In 214, the town was incorpo
rated into Pannnia Inferior, instead of
Pannnia Superior, as a result of a shift
in borders. The large number of coins
discovered here supplies evidence for
the town's booming economy.3 Grafts-
men and tradesmen were attracted by
the demand for their wares. Due to the
presence of such men, the finds of pot
tery, glass, bone, bronze and gems far
exceed the quantities from other
Roman towns in Pannnia.4 Barbarian
attacks in the area increased from the
middle of 3rd century onwards and, as a
consequence, the once lively town life
sunk into decay. In 375, Valentinian I
held negotiations with the Quadi dele
gates here and, while there, met his
death. By that time the town was large
ly abandoned, having become too dan-
3
tartozik. Az innen szrmaz leletek b
sgre s vilgszerte val szthurcols- to the territory of the camp.5
ra mr a 18. szzadbl van adatunk: "Sed
quot et quanta Romanae antiquitatis
Monumenta vilissimus hodie Pagus iste (se.
Szny,) curiosis vetustatis serutatoribus iam
suppeditaverit, non facile enumeraveris:
mittamus nummos omnis moduli aeneos,
argenteos, aureos inibi repertos, quorum
infinitus propemodum per Universum orbem
circumducitur numerus, nos aliquas dum-
taxat gentis huius dominatricis reliquias in
ea vicinia repertas, et in Museum
Kazzayanum huias illatas... Sedquissingu-
las Romanae vetustatis delicias Sznyenses
enumeraverit? Non existimem ullum in uni-
versa Pannnia inveniri locum, qui plura
aut numismata, aut alia vetustatis
Romanae Cimelia recentiori aevo suppedi
taverit." "De hogy mennyi s mekkora
rtk emlket szolgltatott az korrl a
buzg trtnetkutatknak ez a mai nyo
morsgos falu (ti. Szny), azt nem egy
knnyen szmllhatja el az ember. Mel
lzve az ott tallt minden mret bronz-,
ezst- s aranypnzeket, amelyekbl
szinte hatrtalan mennyisg forog az
egsz vilgban, csak azt a nhny fnn
maradt hagyatkt fogom ismertetni en
nek az uralkod npnek..., amelyet
azon a krnyken talltak s az idevalsi
Kazzay-mzeumba hoztak... De ki so
rolhatn fl egyenknt a rmai kor
gynyr sznyi trgyait? Nem hinnm,
hogy akadna mg egy hely az egsz
Pannoniban, amely az jkorban tbb
pnzt vagy ms kincset szolgltatott
volna a rmai korrl."6
A 19. sz. nyolcvanas veitl kezdve,
amikor a Budapest-Bcs vastvonal,
majd orszgt megptsre sor kerlt,
az eurpai mkereskedelemben mg
nagyobb hrnvre tettek szert a brigetii
leletek.7 A nagy kereslet hatsra gyes
kez helybeliek csontfaragvnyokat
kezdtek kszteni, s eredeti rmaiknt
bocstottk ruba. Ezek ldkra val
gerous. Those who stayed on withdrew
Although systematic excavation of
Brigetio have not taken place, it is
counted among the richest sites in
Pannnia. We have an 18th century pas
sage which refers to the number of finds
and their spread: "Sed quot et quanta
Romanae antiquitatis Monumenta vilis
simus hodie Pagus iste (se. Szny,) curiosis
vetustatis serutatoribus iam suppeditaverit,
non facile enumeraveris: mittamus nummos
omnis moduli aeneos, argenteos, aureos inibi
repertos, quorum infinitus propemodum per
Universum orbem circumducitur numerus,
nos aliquas dumtaxat gentis huius domina
tricis reliquias in ea vicinia repertas, et in
Museum Kazzayanum huias illatas... Sed
quis singulas Romanae vetustatis delicias
Sznyenses enumeraverit? Non existimem
ullum in universa Pannnia inveniri
locum, qui plura aut numismata, aut alia
vetustatis Romanae Cimelia recentiori aevo
suppeditaverit. " "How could the quanti
ty and quality of Roman artefacts,
which this poor, present-day village
(viz. Szny) has rewarded zealous histo
rians with, be properly estimated?
Ignoring the variety of bronze, silver,
gold coins found there, I shall describe
only some of the reminders of this
imperial people which have been found
in that area, and are now in the Kazzay
Museum...But who could list, one by
one, the amazing Roman artefacts
found in Szny? I do not believe that
there is anywhere else in the whole of
Pannnia which has yielded more
Roman coin or other treasure to our
modern age."6
Since the 1880's, when the railway
and road between Budapest and Vienna
were built, the finds from Brigetio have
gained even wider recognition.7 As the
demand for local antiquities grew, the
enterprising local inhabitants made
bone carvings and offered them for sale
4
mennyisgben kerltek Nyugat-Eur as Roman. Many found their way, via
pa nagy mzeumaiba s a rgisgkeres antique dealers, to the great museums
kedkhz, gy pl. a lisszaboni mzeum of Western Europe such as that in
ba is.8 Lisbon.8
Kllay dnrl mint a legnagyobb It is worth mentioning a few words
brigetii gyjtemny ltrehozjrl r about dn Kllay, the founder of the
demes nhny szt szlnunk. (lettr largest collection from Brigetio. (His life
tnett hga, Kllay Mria sajt kezvel story was written down, on three and a
jegyezte le hrom s fl oldalon 1990- half sides of paper, by his younger sister,
ben, Komromban, adataimat ebbl Mria Kllay, in 1990. My information
mertem.) 1879-ben szletett jszny- comes from this document.) He was
ben (a ksbbi Komrom), ahol apja ta born in 1879 in New Szny (later
nt volt. A telepls alatt s krltte Komrom) where his father was a school
elterl egykori rmai vros, Brigetio master. While a child, he became fami
maradvnyaival mr gyermekkorban liar with the remains of Roman Brigetio
megismerkedett. Tanulmnyai s kato which lay under his village. After com
nai szolglata befejeztvel O-Szny al pleting his studies and his military ser
jegyzje, majd jegyzje lett. Ettl kezd vice, he became the deputy clerk in Old
ve minden szabadidejt s pnzt sat Szny, and later, the notary. Until the
sokra s a leletek begyjtsre fordtot outbreak of the Second World War, he
ta egszen a II. vilghbor kitrsig. spent all his free time, and money, on
Kzben anyagi okokbl remgyjte excavating and collecting Roman arte
mnyt eladta a veszprmi mzeum facts. Then, for financial reasons, he
nak. Hatalmasra ntt gyjtemnybl a was forced to sell his collection of coins
Duna jobb partjn fekv Komromban to the museum in Veszprm. Komrom
vrosi mzeumot kvntak alaptani, had been divided in two along the line
hogy ezzel a trianoni bke sorn az or of the Danube, as a result of the Treaty
szgtl elszaktott bal parti Komrom of Trianon, and the right bank was with
mzeumt ptoljk. Gyjtemnyt out a museum. It was proposed that a
ezrt a vroshzra szlltottk, ahol a museum be founded here based on
vilghbor sorn tbb rtkes darab el Kllay's collection of antiquities. His
tnt belle. A hbort kveten nem collection was then stored in the guild
kerlt sor a mzeum megalaptsra, s hall, but, during the course of the war, a
a gyjtemny magnkzben tartsa sem number of the valuable pieces disap
volt lehetsges, ezrt tulajdonosa eladta peared. After the war, there were not
az llamnak. A gyjtemny 1957-ben the funds to found a museum. It was
nyert elhelyezst a tatai Kuny Domokos also impossible to keep the collection in
Mzeumban. Kllay dn 1960-ban private hands, so its owner sold it to the
halt meg. state. In 1957, the collection was finally
placed in the Kuny Domokos Museum
in Tata. dn Kllay died in 1960.
Gemmakletek
Minden jel arra mutat, hogy
Carnuntum utn Brigetio Pannnia leg
jelentsebb gemmalelhelye.9 A Wesz-
prminl emltett Kazzay-mzeum a
legkorbbi gyjtemny, amelyrl tud
juk, hogy Brigetibl szrmaz gemmk
is voltak benne, kzlk ttelesen 10
van felsorolva.10 A komromi szlets
Kazzay Smuelnek rtheten a legtbb
rmai rgisge Brigetibl szrmazott.
A gemmk esetben is megllapthat
azonban, hogy sok olyan darab kerlt
kzjk, melyek nem voltak antik ere
detek. Arrl persze nincs adatunk,
hogy gemmk hamistsa is folyt volna
Sznyben, mghozz a 18. szzadban.
Az 1796-ban a Debreceni Reformtus
Kollgium birtokba kerlt Kazzay-fle
gemmagyjtemny a legteljesebb,
1863-as leltri lersa szerint 165 db-bl
llt.
Ms korai gemmagyjtemnyek le
rsaiban is feltnik Brigetio mint
lelhely.11 Kazzay utn a legnagyobb,
brigetii eredetnek mondott gemma
gyjtemny Dri Frigyes volt, mely a
19. sz. vgn, s a 20. sz. elejn jtt lt
re a bcsi mkereskedelembl val v
srlsok sorn (108 db). 12 Ezek kzt is
tallhatk nyilvnvalan nem antik da
rabok. A Kazzay- s Dri-gyjtemnyek
bevonsa a brigetii gemmk tanulm
nyozsba ellenrizhetetlen eredetk
miatt csak a legnagyobb vatossggal le
hetsges.
A Magyar Nemzeti Mzeum n.
Fundgemmen-ekbl val gyarapods
nak legjelentsebb forrsa ugyancsak
Szny vagy -Szny volt. 1879-tl
kezdve - hla elssorban Marossy Jnos
gygyszersz ajndkozsainak13 - fo
lyamatosan rkeztek innen leletek ki
sebb-nagyobb csoportokban a kvetke
z szemlyektl: Voetter O.,14 Radok
J.,15 Sndor M.,i6 Wei3 M.,1? Vdrs
Gem Finds
We have good reason to believe that,
besides Carnuntum, Brigetio is the
most significant site for gems in
Pannnia.9 The Kazzay-Museum, men
tioned by Weszprmi, is the oldest col
lection, wich we know that had gems
from Brigetio, 10 of them are described
by Weszprmi.10 It is also true that most
of the Roman artefacts collected by
Samuel Kazzay, who was born in
Komrom, come from there. However,
among the gems, a number are clearly
not of antique origin. We do not though
have any evidence for the manufacture
of imitation gems in Szny during the
18th century. The Kazzay gem collec
tion, from 1796 in the possession of the
Reformat College in Debrecen, appears
the most complete according to an 1863
inventory description. It includes 165
pieces.
Brigetio appears in other descrip
tions of early gem collections as a find
site.11 Apart from the Kazzay collection,
the largest gem collection said to be of
Brigetian origin, belonged to Frigyes
Dri. It was formed through purchases
from the art trade in Vienna at the end
of the 19th and beginning of the 20th
centuries (108 pieces).12 There are also
pieces of obviously non-antique origin
among them. The Kazzay and Dri col
lections could only be used with the
greatest possible care in a study of gems
from Brigetio; ultimately they are of
unverifiable origin.
The most significant source for the
so called 'Fundgemmen', belonging to
the Hungarian National Museum, was
also Szny or Old Szny (Roman
Brigetio). From 1879 - starting with the
donations of a chemist, Jnos Marossy13
- finds arrived continuously from that
area, in both smaller and larger quanti
ties. They were donated by the follow-
S.,18 Cseley J., 19 Boda F.,20 Petrovics ing persons: O. Voetter, 14 J. Radok, 1 5 M.
J.,2i Kllay .,22 valamint a KUK Genie Sndor,^ M. Wei/3,17 S. Vdrs,! J.
Direction. 2 3 Ez azt eredmnyezte, hogy Cseleyi^ F. Boda, 2 J. Petrovics,2i .
az 1879-1890 kztti idszakban a gem Kllay 22 and also the KUK G e n i e
magyjtemny gyarapodsnak kb. 80 %- Direction. 2 3 Around 80% of the gems
a innen szrmazott (sszesen 42 db). donated between 1879-1890, originated
Ezek lelhelyeinek hitelessgben lta in Brigetio (all in all, 42 pieces).
lban nincs okunk ktelkedni, mgis Although one or two pieces are not
akad kzttk egy-egy nyilvnvalan antique, there is no real reason to doubt
nem antik darab. 2 4 Ezeket leszmtva a the genuiness of the gems' origin. 24
tbbi bevonst felttlenl indokoltnak Apart from those mentioned, it is per
tartjuk a brigetii gemmaleletek rtke fectly reasonable to use these stones in
lsbe. Az 1914-ben megnyitott kom a study of gems from Brigetio. To the
romi (ma Komarno) Jkai Mzeumba best of my knowledge, only a few gems
tudomsunk szerint csak nhny gem from Brigetio are in the Jkai M u s e u m
ma kerlt. which opened in 1914 in Komrom
Annyi bizonyos, hogy a legtbb hite (today Komarno).
lesen brigetiinak tekinthet gemma It remains certain that the majority
jelenleg a tatai Kuny Domokos Mze of gems from Brigetio which can be
um egykori Kllay-gyjtemnyben ta considered as genuine, are to be found
llhat. Az eredetileg 68 vsett kbl je in the Kllay collection, which now
lenleg 60 tallhat fel, kzlk 3 nem belongs to the Kuny Domokos M u s e u m
antik. Vizsglatunkba azonban bevon in Tata. Of the original 73 engraved
tuk a hinyz darabok rtkelhet ada gemstones, 65 remain (three of which
tait is, mint pl. a k anyaga, az brzols are not antique). However, records of
tmja. Nhny kzlk a gyjt sat the missing pieces may be studied
sai sorn kerlt el, tbbsgben azon which reveal their material and the
ban szrvnyleletek, ill. adomnyok, images depicted. Some of the gems
melyeknl a kzelebbi lelhely sem l were discovered during the collector's
lapthat meg. own excavations, but, for the most part,
A Kllay-gyjtemny gemminak the collection consists of sporadic finds
kb. harmadnl ismerjk a kzelebbi le or donations whose exact origins are
lhelyet. E z e k tbbsge a katonai unknown.
vrostl nyugatra lv polgrvrosra T h e original sites are known for
vagy az azt krlvev temetkre esik, approximately a third of the gems in the
melyek kzl keletre az I., nyugatra a Kllay collection. T h e s e sites are main
II-III. polgrvrosi temet terlt el (ld. ly situated in the civilian settlement to
trkp). A Bla-pusztrl szrmaz da the west from the military camp
rabok valsznleg a canabae dli teme (Polgrvros or Civilvros, see map) or
tjnek srmellkletei lehettek, vagy in the three cemeteries around the
szrvnyleletek. A Nemzeti M z e u m town. Cemetery I was located to the
egy-egy darabja szrmazik a canabaetl east, and cemeteries II-III to the west.
dlre es Gaecilia temetbl a nvad T h e pieces which come from Bla
Gaecilia Bathana szarkofgjbl , 25 a puszta might have been grave-goods
keletre elterl Gerht temetbl 2 6 s a from the cemetery to the south of the
nyugatra lv Jrka temetbl. 2 7 Az canabae or sporadic finds. Each piece in
1992-ben a Szny-Vsrtr terletn el- the Hungarian National M u s e u m is
kezddtt satsokbl eddig 3 gemma
s egy res foglalat gyr kerlt el a
polgrvros kzpontjhoz kzel es la
khz feltrsa kzben. 2 8 A tbor ter
letrl szrmaz gemmaleletrl nincs
tudomsunk. A balparti ellenerdbl
(Celamantia) kt gemmrl t u d u n k ,
melyek kzl egy a Nemzeti Mzeum
ban, 2 9 egy pedig a Nyitrai Rgszeti
I n t z e t b e n 3 0 tallhat. E z e n adatok
alapjn arra kvetkeztethetnk, hogy a
kves gyrk viselete a polgri lakossg
letben fontosabb szerepet tlttt be,
mint a katonkban. Nhny rtkelhe
t srlelet esetben az is megllapthat,
vagy legalbbis valsznsthet, hogy a
gyrk, g e m m k tulajdonosai nk
voltak. 31
A brigetii gemmk kztt sem ko
rai, a csszrkort megelz, sem ksi, a
4-5. szzadbl szrmaz darabok nem
fordulnak el. Nhny koracsszrkori
gemmtl eltekintve 3 2 valamennyi a
csszrkori "koin" krbe sorolhat. Ez
a Kr. u. 1-3. szzad kztt nagy mennyi
sgben ellltott, ignytelen kivitel,
sztereotip motvumokat
gemmkat jelenti, melyeknek az alako
kat megforml vseteiben felismerhe
tk a klnbsgek, de egyelre ezek
alapjn sem pontosabb datlst, sem te
rlethez kthet mhelyt nem tudunk
megllaptani. Tbbsgkben mgis a
2-3. szzad fordulja krli vtizedekre
tehetk, amit az ismert leletsszefgg
sekbl, a gyrformkbl s a nicol-
pasztk gyakorisgbl llapthatunk
meg. Az emltett idszak mindenesetre
sszhangban van a rmai telepls ki
alakulsnak, majd virgzsnak idej
vel.
from this cemetery (named the Gaecilia
cemetery after the sarcophagus of
Caecilia Bathana), 2 5 as well as from the
Gerht cemetery 2 6 to the east and the
Jrka cemetery 2 7 to the west. In the
course of excavations in the area of
Szny-Vsrtr (the market) in 1992,
three gems and a ring with empty set
ting were discovered in a house near the
city centre. 2 8 As yet no gems have been
found in the area of the camp at
Brigetio. Two gems are though known
from the encampment on the left bank
of Danube (Celamantia). O n e can be
found in the Hungarian National
M u s e u m , 2 9 and the other in the
Archeological Institute in Nitra. 3 0 T h e
conclusion could be drawn that gems
played a more important role in civilian
than military life. It also appears proba
ble with some of the grave-finds, that
some owners of the rings and gems
were women. 3 1
Among the engraved gems from
Brigetio, there are no pieces from the
pre-imperial period, or from the 4th-5th
alkalmaz centuries A.D. Apart from a few early
imperial gems, 3 2 all the gems could be
included in the imperial koine". This
term refers to the gems produced in vast
quantities between the 1st and the 3rd
centuries A.D., that were plain in tech
nique and used stereotypical motifs.
Differences can be identified in figurai
technique, but we cannot identify very
precise datings or particular territorial
workshops. T h e majority can be dated
to the late Antonine and Severan peri
ods. This dating is based on the known
connections of the finds, the shapes of
the rings and the frequency of nicolo
paste. This period, it should be noted,
coincides with the expansion of the
Roman settlement.
brzolsok s rtelmezsk
A tbbsgben tucatrunak tekint
het brigetii gemmk kzl ktsgte
lenl a sast itat Ganymdst megele
vent kameo emelkedik ki leginkbb
mind mretvel, mind kidolgozsnak
sznvonalval (Nr. 67). Valsznleg
egsz Pannnia legszebb vsett kk
vt lthatjuk benne, melynek rtkt
eredeti, pelta motvummal vezett
aranykerete is nveli. Leletkrlm
nyeirl semmi kzelebbit nem tudunk.
Ellltsi helyt Rmban, valszn
leg az udvari mhelyben kell keres
nnk. Kompozcija egyedi: a sast itat
Ganymds-brzolsokon az ifj
mindkt kezt elrenyjtja, hogy a ser
leget tartsa, vagy hogy msik kezvel a
sast gyengden megrintse. Feje rend
szerint fedetlen, fels teste pedig
meztelen. 33 Itt egyik kezvel htra
nylva sziklra tmaszkodik, fejt s
fels testt pedig lepel bortja. A szikl
ra tmaszkods motvuma felteheten a
Venus s a sas jelenetbl szrmazik,
melynek brzolst kora augustusi
gemmkrl ismerjk.34 A kameo stlusa
klasszicizl: az egymssal szembehe
lyezett kt alak hromnegyed nzettel a
nz fel fordul, gy "kitertett" s ki
egyenslyozott kompozci jn ltre. Az
alakok arnya, plaszticitsa, a rszletek
kidolgozsa nem hagy kvnni valt ma
ga utn. Ez a stlus az Augustus-korban
alakult ki Rmban, de Hadrianus kor
ra is jellemz volt. A jelenetben nem
pusztn egy mitolgiai trtnet felid
zst kell ltnunk, hanem elssorban
annak rmai jelentst. Ganymds a
trjai kirlyi csald tagjaknt a gens
Iulia, de tgabb rtelemben a trjai ere
det rmai np sei kz tartozott, aki
Zeus-Iuppiter (=sas) vlasztottjaknt az
Olymposra kerlhetett, teht a csszri
apotheosis egyik mitikus elkpt je
lentette.
Motifs and their Meanings
Doubtless most of the gems from
Brigetio could be considered cheap
goods. A cameo depicting Ganymede
holding up a goblet to an eagle is an
exception, due to its size and quality
(No. 67). This is probably the most
beautiful gem from Pannnia. The gold
frame with its pelta-motif reflects its
quality. We have no information on the
circumstances of its discovery, but we
must look to Rome for its manufacture,
most likely the court workshop itself.
The composition is unique. In other
depictions of the subject, the youth is
stretching out both his hands, either
both holding the cup, or with one
touching the eagle gently. It is also cus
tomary that his head is uncovered and
his body naked.33 On this gem he leans
against a rock, holding one hand behind
him. His whole body, including the
head, is covered with a veil. The idea of
showing him against a rock might be
derived from scenes of Venus and the
eagle; an image first used on gems in
the early Augustan period.34 The cameo
is classicizing in style: the two opposing
figures are turning towards the specta
tor in three quarter view. In this way a
varied and balanced composition has
been produced. The dimensions and
plasticity of the figures, together with
the use of detail, leave little to be
desired. This style was developed in
the Augustan period, but is also charac
teristic of the Hadrianic period. The
scene must not simply be interpretated
as a mythological reference but as an
allegrii reference to the imperial
court. Ganymede as a member of the
royal family in Troy belonged to the
gens Iulia: the ancestors of the Roman
people through Aeneas. He was raised
to the Olympus through the favour of
Zeus/Jupiter, and thus he could be
9
 A Kllay-gyjtemny s a Nemzeti
M z e u m brigetii eredet gemmin a
leggyakoribb tmk a kvetkezk: Mi
nerva (10), Iuppiter (7), Mercurius (7),
Ceres (7), Bonus Eventus (7), Mars (6),
Fortuna (6), Hercules s hrosz fegyve
rekkel (5), oroszln (5), Amor (5),
Victoria (4), sas (3), szatr (3). Ha az b
rzolsokat gondolatkrk 3 5 szerint cso
portostjuk, akkor azt llapthatjuk meg,
hogy a hadviselshez ktd tmk a
leggyakoribbak: Minerva, Iuppiter,
Mars, oroszln, sas, hrosz (sszesen 36
db). Ezt kvetik a bsget, jltet kife
jez tmk: Mercurius, Ceres, Fortuna,
Bonus Eventus (27 db), majd pedig a
gondtalan letet idz szatr-brzol-
sok. Termszetesen Iuppiter, Fortuna
vagy az oroszln brzolsa tbb jelen
ts is lehet az egyn szndktl, vagy
az adott terlet sajtossgtl fggen.
Brigetio helyzett fekvse s funk
cija alapveten meghatrozta. A Du
nai-limes ellensges tmadstl llan
dan veszlyeztetett rszn helyezke
dett el, ezrt is vlt katonai kzpontt.
Ugyanakkor a Severus-korban a helyi
kereslet s a kzvett kereskedelem
hatsra virgz kereskedelmi s kz
mves kzpontt is vlt. A hadvisels
hez kthet brzolsokat korntsem
kell gy tekintennk, hogy azokat fel
ttlenl katonk viseltk. A hadistenek
vdelmre minden limes-menti lakos
nak szksge volt. Ugyanakkor a kato
nk legalbb annyira vgyhattak a b
ks, gondtalan letre, miknt a civilek.
A kizrlag katonk lakta Celamanti-
bl elkerlt kt gemma egyike ifj
szatrt, a msika pedig egyms mell he
lyezett szatr- s Pn-maszkot brzol. 36
Az egyes istenalakok brigetii jelen
tshez kzelebb kerlhetnk, ha az itt
fennmaradt feliratokkal s egyb lele
tekkel sszevetjk ket. A Minerva-b
rzolsok nagy szma a gemmkon (Nr.
6-13, 77, App. 2) sszefgghet azzal,
understood as the mythological proto
type of the imperial apotheosis.
T h e most frequent images in the
Kllay collection, and among the gems
from Brigetio in the National Museum,
are: Minerva (10), Jupiter (7), Mercury
(7), Ceres (7), Bonus Eventus (7), Mars
(6), Fortuna (6), Hercules and heroes
(5), the lion (5), Amor (5), Victory (4),
the eagle (3), satyrs (3). If we group the
images according to spheres of
thought, 3 5 the most common theme is
warfare: Minerva, Jupiter, Mars, the
lion, the eagle, the hero (36 pieces).
T h e next most popular theme is abun
dance and prosperity: Mercury, Ceres,
Fortuna, Bonus Eventus (27 pieces),
then the depictions of satyrs reflecting
the care-free life. Images of Jupiter,
Fortuna or the lion could, of course,
have more than one meaning depen
ding on the individual or on the peculi
arity of place.
The geographical position of
Brigetio was important. It was located
on a part of the Danubian Limes that
had always been subject to hostile
attacks, thus it had become a military
centre. It had also become a thriving
entrept due to local demand and cross-
border trade in the Severan period.
Glyptic images refering to warfare do
not have to be seen as the preserve of
soldiers: every citizen who lived near
the borders needed the defence of war-
gods. Likewise soldiers, as much as
civilians, might have longed for a peace
ful and prosperous life. From Celaman-
tia, for example, which was inhabited
only by soldiers, two gems have turned
up. One of them depicts a young satyr,
and the other, the juxtaposed masks of
a satyr and Pan. 3 6
We can better grasp the local under
standing of certain deities by comparing
their images on gems with inscriptions
and other finds from this area. T h e large
hogy az istenn valban fontos szerepet
jtszott a vros vallsi letben. Nem
csak bronzbl s terrakottbl kszlt
szobrocski maradtak fenn,37 hanem a
kisszm nagyplasztikai alkotsok k
zl is kett t brzolja, melyek feltehe
ten kultusz szobrok voltak.38 lltanak
neki oltrt gy is, mint a capitoliumi tri
sz tagjnak, de nllan is, mgpedig
veternok, egy centurio s a schola
tubicinum.w Mercurius (Nr. 13, 24-27,
NM Nr. 97, 99) gemmabrzolsai ms
terleteken is a legkedveltebbek kz
tartoztak.40 Brigetiban a kisbronzok
mellett tbb reliefen is lthat aedicula
keretbe helyezve.41 A neki dediklt ol
trok llti polgri szemlyek.42 Figye
lemre mlt, hogy egy alkalommal For
tunval s Silvanusszal egytt kap ol
trt, teht itt a kereskedi szerencsre
gondolhatunk. Ezt fejezheti ki az a
gemma is, melyen Mercurius Fortuna
fel nyjt koszort (Nr. 27). Ms eset
ben viszont Bona Fortunnak egy decu-
rio, Fortuna fortissima-nak, ill. conserva-
trix-nk a Legio I. Adiutrix egy-egy ka
tonja dedikl oltrt,43 teht kifejezet
ten a katonai szerencsrl van sz, mi
knt abban az esetben is, midn
Victoria nyjt koszort Fortuna fel
(NM Nr. 137). Valszn, hogy Mer
curius szerencsehoz jelentse nemcsak
az zleti letre vonatkozhatott, hanem a
katonaira is. gy rtelmezhetjk azt az
egyedinek tekinthet gemmabrzo
lst, melyen Mercurius Minervt koszo
rzza meg (Nr. 13). Ms gemmabrzo
lson Minervt vagy Victoria, vagy Mars
koszorzza.
Iuppiter (Nr. 1-5, App. 1, NM Nr.
68) rthet mdon mind az brzolsok,
mind a feliratok tekintetben a legked
veltebb istenek kz tartozott. A brige-
tioi feliratok tansga szerint lltik
tbbsgben klnfle rendfokozat
katonk voltak, kisebb rszben pedig
polgri szemlyek.44 Ltezett a vros-
number of images of Minerva (Nos 6-
13, App. 2) on gems could be explained
by the important role of the goddess in
the religious life of the town: not only
have many bronze and terracotta fi
gurines survived37 but two sculptures
also depict her, which might have been
cult statues. 38 Altars were erected to her
as a member of the Capitoline triad but
other altars were erected to her alone,
for example by veteran soldiers, a cen
turion or by the schola tubicinum.^9
Depictions of Mercury (Nos 13, 24-27,
NM No. 97-99) were also very popu
lar;40 besides bronze figurines, Mercury
can also be seen on reliefs that feature
aedicula-shaped frames.41 The altars
dedicated to him were erected by civi
lians.42 It is worth remarking on the fact
that Mercury is invoked together with
Fortuna and Silvanus on one of these
altars. In this case we could think of the
merchants' fortune. This idea is depic
ted on the gem where Mercury is giving
Fortuna a wreath (No. 27). In other
instances, an altar was dedicated to
Bona Fortuna by a decurion and to
Fortuna fortissima and conservatrix by
soldiers from the Legio I. Adiutrix.43 An
image might refer specifically to the for
tune of soldiers, such as on a gem
Victoria about to crown Fortuna with a
wreath (NM No. 137). The auspicious
aspect of Mercury also might have
applied not only to business life but to
military life. This could be the explana
tion for a gem showing Mercury crow
ning Minerva with a wreath (No. 13),
possibly a unique image. On other gems
Minerva is being crowned with a wreath
by Victory or Mars.
Jupiter (Nos 1-5, App. 1, NM No.
68) was, for obvious reasons, the
favourite god both in respect of depic
tions and inscriptions. In Brigetio these
were erected by soldiers of various
ranks for the most part, but also by civi-
//
ban egy collegium Iovium is, mely lians.44 There was a collegium Iovium in
Iuppiternek s Iunnak lltott oltrt a the town which erected an altar to
3. szzad elejn.45 A collegium tbbs Jupiter and Juno at the beginning of the
gben civil tagjai kztt feltnen sok a 3rd century.45 Among the predominant
grg nev, ami megersti azt a feltte ly civilian membership of the col
lezst, hogy az istenpr nem a capitoliu- legium, there are a number of Greek
mi triszt takarja.46 Ha keleti eredet names. This supports the idea that the
istenprrl van sz, akkor leginkbb divine couple were not simply viewed
Serapisra s Isisre gondolhatunk. A fel in terms of the Gapitoline Triad.46 If
iratokon semmi nyoma brigetii jelen viewed from an Eastern perspective, we
ltknek, a kisplasztikban viszont might also think of Serapis and Isis.
igen: Iuppiter-Serapis plasztikusan ki There is hardily any trace of the gods'
emelked' mellkpe fejn moiusszal presence on inscriptions in Brigetio, but
(kalathos) kt bronzgyrn (Nr. 78-79), there are two half-length portraits of
Isis mellkpe egyiptomi koronjval kt Jupiter-Serapis, with a modius (kalath
kisbronzon jelenik meg.47 A Dri-gyj os) on his head, on bronze rings (Nos
temnyben kt gemmn lthatunk 78-79) and two statuettes of Isis with
Serapis-brzolst, 48 az egyiken Isis her Egyptian crown.47 On two gems of
mellkpvel egytt. A Kazzay-gyj- the Dri collection we can see represen
temny egyik gemmjn Serapis fejn a tation of Serapis,48 on one of them
modius mellett a sugrkoszor s a kos together with half-length portrait of
szarv is megjelenik.49 Az elbbi a Nap, Isis. On one of the gems in the Kazzay
az utbbi Zeus-Ammon jelvnye, az gy collection, the radiate crown and ram-
elkpzelt istensg az eget s fldet egy horns also feature in an image of
arnt ural Hlioserapis. is pantokra- Serapis.49 The first is a symbol of the
torr vlt, miknt Iuppiter omnipotens- Sun, and the second, of Zeus-Ammon:
sz. Serapis kultusznak kzpontja Ale the envisioned god must be Hliosera
xandria volt, jelentsge pedig kln pis dominating both the sky and the
sen a Severusok idejn ersdtt fel. earth. He had become a pantocrator just
Septimius Severust gyakran brzoltk as Jupiter was omnipotens. The centre of
Serapisra jellemz hajtincsekkel s sza- the Serapis cult was Alexandria and its
kllformval,50 egy aureuson pedig fele significance had grown during the
sgvel, Iulia Domnval Isis s Severan period particularly. Septimus
Serapisknt jelenik meg ketts port Severus was often depicted with tufts of
rjuk.51 Egy tovbbi Kazzaytl val hair and a unique shape of beard,50 both
gemmn egy isten-pr mltsgteljes of which were typical of Serapis, and, on
mellkpe kapcsoldik egymshoz (capi an aureus, he appears with his wife, Iulia
ta iugata)52 gy, miknt a Dri-gyjte Domna, as Isis and Serapis.51 On anoth
mny gemmjn Serapis s Isis, de er gem from Kazzay a half-length por
attribtumok nlkl, teht kinek-kinek trait of a divine couple linked together
tetszsre bzva az rtelmezst. (capita iugata)52 and without attributes,
Ha a brigetii gemmk Ceres-br- leaves interpretation to the individual
zolsainak (Nr. 14-17, App. 4-5, NM Nr. viewer.
127) szoksosnl nagyobb szmra kere If we want to find an explanation for
snk magyarzatot, gy megint csak a the higher than usual number of depic
csszrkori szinkretizmus jelentheti a tions of Ceres (Nos 14-17, App. 4-5,
megoldst. A gabonabsget is biztost NM No. 127) on the gems from
Isist Dmtr-Ceresszel azonostottk. Brigetio, a possible solution might be
Ennek a nyomt rzi a Dri-gyjte found in the syncretism of the imperial
mny egy gemmja, melyen Dmtr period. Isis, who also guaranted an
mellkpe lthat fejn kalathosszal.53 abundance of corn, had long been iden
Msrszrl viszont Isis a nemcsak bs tified with Demeter-Ceres. A trace of
get ad, hanem a sorsot irnyt Fortuna this identification remains on one gem
alakjban is jelen van, ami a brigetii in the Dri collection, where a half-
gemmkon a fejkre helyezett kalat- length portrait of Demeter can be seen
hosban jut kifejezsre (Nr. 27, 30-32). A with a modius on her head. 53 Isis was
Iuppiter, Ceres, Fortuna brzolsok often conflated with Fortuna who guid
esetben teht olyan fontos s ltalnos ed personal destinies. This conflation is
rvny hatalmi krrel rendelkez is expressed by the modius on the head of
tensgekrl lehet sz, akik mind a pol Fortuna (Nos 27, 30-32). It might be
gri, mind a katonai lt szempontjbl said concerning Jupiter, Ceres and
alapvet jelentsggel brtak. Fortuna, that they were gods endowed
Nyilvnvalan a katonai lthez kap with such a universal validity, that they
csoldhatnak a Mars-brzolsok, me possessed a basic significance in both
lyeknek rdekes mdon a brigetii fel civilian and military life.
iratok kztt nincs prhuzama, s a Obviously depictions of Mars might
szobrszati emlkek is ritkk.54 A gem have had military connections. Mars is
mkon elssorban a vlln tropaeumot not mentioned in inscriptions from
tart Mars Gradivus tpus fordul el Brigetio and sculptural images are also
(Nr. 18-20, NM Nr. 92), ami a mr elrt very rare.54 On gems, it is Mars Gra
gyzelem kifejezseknt rtelmezhet, divus who principally appears holding a
vagy az ll Mars Ultor lndzsval s tropaeum on his shoulder (Nos 18-20,
pajzzsal (Nr. 21-22.). Ugyanez a jelent NM No. 92), which could be under
se Victorinak (Nr. 23.), akit ktszer Mi stood as refering to a victory achieved,
nerva (Nr. 8-9), egyszer pedig a or Mars Ultor who stands and holds a
Iuppiter-knt brzolt impertor tart a spear and shield (Nos 21-22). Victory
kezben (NM Nr. 197), jelezve a segt possesses a similiar significance (No.
sgvel elrt gyzelmet. Egy gyri gyj 23.): she is twice shown held by
temnybe kerlt nicolopasztn Victoria Minerva (Nos 8-9), and once by the
glbuson lebegve jelenik meg, kezben emperor (NM No. 197) who is depicted
a gyzelmet hirdet koszorval s pl as Jupiter, referring no doubt to a victo
maggal.55 A remlt hadisiker kifejezje ry gained by his help. On a nicolo paste,
lehet az ll (NM Nr. 187) vagy a fegy from collection in Gyr, Victory appears
vereiben gynyrkd hrosz, aki val on a globe with a wreath and a palm
sznleg Achilleusszal azonosthat (Nr. branch in her hands, symbols in them
40).56 Ezzel a tpussal fleg a nyugati selves of conquest. 55 A hero examining
provincik gemmaleletein tallkozunk. his armour (NM No. 187) could express
A Kllay-gyjtemnyen tl a Dri- s a the hope of military glory, and might be
Kazzay-gyjtemnyben is tallhat be identified with Achilles (No. 40).56 This
lle egy-egy darab.57 Az elbbi rtelmet type is found mainly on gems from the
tulajdonthatjuk az olyan brzolsnak Western provinces. The image can be
is, melyen csak a fegyverek felsorakoz found not only in the Kllay collection,
tatsa lthat (Nr. 60). A biztosnak te but on a gem in the Dri and the Kazzay
kintett hadisikert fejezhette ki Sol br- collections as well.57 The same mea-
zolsa (Nr. 29, NM Nr. 143), amennyi
ben Sol invictust lttk benne. 58 Egy, a
legistbor praetoriuma mellett lv
tiszti laksbl elkerlt Diana-dombor-
m arra mutat, hogy a katonasg a va
dszistennt (Nr. 29) is magnak
rezte. 59 A Pannnia szakkeleti terle
tn klnsen tisztelt Hercules (Nr. 37-
38) mind a polgri lakossg, mind a ka
tonasg krben npszer volt.60 Brige-
tioban is lltottak neki oltrt, egy alka
lommal Fortunval kzsen. 61
Az oroszln kedvelt s sokjelents
brzols volt (Nr. 44-45, 80-81, NM Nr.
205), s tovbbi attribtumok hjn ne
hz eldnteni rtelmezst. Legltal
nosabban a frfiassgot, az ert s btor
sgot testestette meg. Hozz hasonl
tottk a legbtrabb harcosokat. A vele
val megkzds a legvitzebb tettek
kz tartozott, ezrt volt kirlyi kedvte
ls az oroszlnvadszat. Egy ilyen tett
re mg Caracalla is igen bszke volt.62
Szobrt gyakran lltottk templomok,
temetk bejrathoz, ahol kapurz, d
monelhrt szerepet tlttt be. Ugyan
akkor asztrlis jelentse is volt, mivel
rsze a zodiakusnak, s gyakran mag
val a nappal azonostottk. Ennek k
vetkeztben megjelent brzolsa azok
ban a kultuszokban, melyekben a Nap
fontos szerepet jtszott, gy a mithraiz-
musban, ahol a beavats negyedik foko
zatt is jelentette. 63 A nagy mennyisg
ben ksztett olcs oroszlnos nicolo-
pasztk (Nr. 44-45) bizonyra a katona
sg krben rvendtek a legnagyobb
npszersgnek. Caracalla uralkodsa
idejn pnzrmken is megjelenik az
brzolsa feje krl sugrkoszorval,
szjban villmkteggel.64
A gemmkon mindenhol gyakori
Bonus Eventus (Nr. 34-35, App. 9-10,
NM Nr. 157, 159, 189) az lelem meg
szerzsnek biztonsgt s a minden
napok sikereit testesthette meg. llan
d attribtumai a kalsz s a gymlcs-
ning can be given to a gem where only
an assemblage of arms is shown (No.
60). The depiction of Sol (No. 28, NM
No. 143) might also have been associa
ted with military sucess but only where
Sol Invictus was particularly identi
fied.58 A Diana relief, which has come
to light from an officer's appartment
near the praetorium of the legion camp,
reminds us that the soldiers also felt the
goddess (No. 29) to be their own.59
Hercules (Nos 37-38), who was particu
larly revered in the northeast area of
Pannnia, was popular both among the
civilians and the soldiers.60 An altar was
erected to him in Brigetio as well as one
to him and Fortuna.61
The lion (Nos 44-45, 80-81, NM No.
205) was a well loved image which
could be interpreted in a number of dif
ferent ways. Without further attributes,
it is difficult to give the right explana
tion to it. The lion in the widest sense
personified masculinity, power and
courage: the most fearless warriors were
compared to it. Fighting with a lion
belonged to the bravest class of actions
and that is why hunting a lion was often
an imperial passion. Caracalla was espe
cially proud of his hunting prowess in
this regard.62 A lion sculpture was often
erected at the entrance to a sanctuary or
graveyard where its role was to guard
the gates and scare off demons. It was
also a sign of the zodiac and was often
identified with the sun itself. As a result
of this, depictions of lions featured in
cults where the sun played an important
role, such as Mithraism, where it repre
sented the fourth stage of initiation.63
The cheap nicolo pastes depicting lions
that were produced in great amounts
might have been most popular among
soldiers (Nos 44-45). During Caracalla's
reign, the lion appears on coins with a
radiate crown and lightning bolts in its
mouth. 64
14
csel teli tl, de t lthatjuk a kalszt s
vadszzskmnyt tart alakban is. A
gondtalan jlt kifejezi leginkbb a
dionzikus-krbl kerlnek ki. Gem
mkon elssorban a szatrok (Nr. 39,
NM Nr. 29, App. III/2) igen gyakoriak,
amint nfeledten tncolnak vagy jtsza
nak. A bor nyjtotta mmor megtestes
tje Meth (Nr. 36, NM Nr. 169) volt,
akit mindig szjhoz emelt ivcsszvel
brzoltak, de olykor megjelent kez
ben az nnepi felvonulsra utal thyr
sus, vagy mgtte a vgyott nedt bizto
st szlt. A bks falusi letet jelen
ti meg a kecskjt fej psztor (NM Nr.
191, 193) vagy a fa alatt legel kecski
re figyel psztor (App. 11, 13).
Az letrmt kifejez tmk kzl
a szerelemre Amor s Venus (NM Nr.
108) brzolsai utalnak. Ms terlete
ken k a gemmk legkedveltebb mot
vumai kz tartoznak, Brigetiban ke
vsb gyakoriak. Ezek kztt is egyik
brzolsban inkbb az nneplyesen
lp Victorit felttelezhetnnk, mert
egyik kezben plmagat tart, a msik
ban sisakot vagy delfint, de meztelen
megjelense mgis frfialakra vall (NM
Nr. 116). A vadsz (App. 8) vagy delfin
htn lovagl Amor (NM Nr. 119) vi
szont a r jellemzbb, kedvesen s
gondtalanul jtsz gyermeket trja
elnk. A kt azonos formbl szrmaz
vegkamen megjelen lelkez Amor
s Psyche (NM Nr. 263-264) mr kts
get kizran a szerelem nagyszersgt
hirdetik. Az is megllapthat, hogy ni
srbl szrmaznak, teht semmi ktsg
nem fr intim magnleti jelen
tskhz.
Az itt emltett mitolgiai alakokat a
vallsi lethez tartoz feliratokon vagy
brzolsokon hiba keresnnk, a kul
tuszban csak elvtve fordulnak el, va
ljban egy letrzst juttatnak kifeje
zsre. Egy adott terletnek a vallsi le
trl szerzett ismeretek segthetnek ab-
The image of Bonus Eventus (Nos
34-35, App. 9-10, NM Nos 157, 159,
189), which is seen frequently on gems
everywhere, might have reflected con
cern for the provision of food and suc
cess in everyday life. His usual attri
butes are an ear of corn and a bowl full
of fruit, but the figure holding a hunting
stick and hunting spoils could be iden
tified with him as well. Figures from the
Dionysiac circle often reflect a life of
buccolic abundance. Satyrs (No. 39,
NM No. 29, NM App. III/2) who dance
and make music ethusiastically are the
most frequent such figures on gems.
Methe (No. 36, NM No. 169) personi
fied drunkness and was usually depic
ted as holding a cup to her mouth, but
sometimes she appears as a Bacchant
with a thyrsus in her hands or with a
vine behind her, the source of the
desired nectar. The peaceful rural life is
represented, when shepherd is milking
a goat (NM Nos 191, 193) or goats tea
ring branches from trees, watched by
herdsmen (App. 11, 13).
Depictions of Cupid and Venus
(NM No. 108) refer to love and also
express a delight in life. In other parts
of the empire, they are among the
favourite motifs, but in Brigetio they are
less common. Among them one might
be supposed for Victory, ceremoniously
taking a step and holding a palm branch
in one hand, a helmet or a dolphin in
the other one, however its nude appea
rance refers to a male figure (NM No.
116). Otherwise, Cupid hunting (App.
8) or riding a dolphin (NM No. 119)
illustrates a child playing joyfully. It is
the sort of image that is more characte
ristic of him. Cupid and Psyche embra
cing one another appears on two glass
cameos (MN Nos 263-264). Both
images are from identical mould, and
express, without doubt, the greatness of
love. It could be argued that they are
15
ban, hogy az ott gyakori gemmabrzo
lsok gondolati httert jobban megrt
hessk, s trsadalmi ktdsre is k
vetkeztethessnk, a gemmk azonban
nem tartoztak a kultikus rendeltets
trgyak kz - kivve a mgikus gem
mkat -, ezrt kpi vilgukat nem is le
het a vallsi let visszatkrzjnek te
kinteni. Pannnia s ezen bell Brigetio
egy sor olyan jelents kultusszal rendel
kezett, melynek nincs megfelel vissz
hangja a gemmabrzolsokon. Ezek
kz sorolhat Silvanus, Mithras,
Iuppiter Dolichenus. 65 Klnsen
figyelemre mlt viszont, hogy brigetii
gemmn elfordul Diana Ephesia (App.
7) s Magna Mater (App. 6), akiknek az
brzolsval pannniai gemmkon rit
kn tallkozunk. 66 Ez utbbinak
Brigetio-ban tudunk kultuszrl, oltrt
s szentlyt is lltottak neki. 67
A brigetii leletek kztt kt mgi
kus gemma is tallhat, melyek nyilvn
valan keleti eredetek. Az egyik jl is
mert tpus: kakas fej, kgylb, em
bertest alak pajzzsal s ostorral kez
ben (Nr. 65).68 O a legfbb urat s v
delmezt jelentette, gyakran neve is
mellette ll: IAW, azaz Jahwe. Egyedl
ll tpust kpvisel viszont az a Nemze
ti Mzeum gyjtemnybe kerlt he
gyikristly k, mely szles, pelta-dszes,
fllel elltott aranykeretbe van foglalva
(NM Nr. 257). Ellapjnak jelenete, a
vaddiszn htra gaskod szamr, val it: IAW ('Jahwe'). A unique type is rep
sznleg potencianvel varzservel
rendelkezett. Htoldaln a kos htn
l Hermanubis a sikert, szerencst ho
z Herms-Mercurius szerept tlttte
be. A k varzserejt az oldaln krbe
fut felirat is ersteni igyekszik, mely a
bal als sarokbl kiindulva gy hangzik:
IWHAIWWIAIAW. Az IAW betibl s
H-bl sszelltott, rszint palindro-
matikus felirat valsznleg fohsz a
legfbb rhoz, a betk sszekeverse
pedig azt a clt szolglhatta, hogy a nv
from a woman's grave and they have an
intimate and private quality.
We would look in vain for the some
of mentioned deities in religious in
scriptions, or in sacred sculptural
images. The religious life of a particu
lar territory might help us understand
more clearly the social context of gems.
However, gems did not belong among
those objects with a cultic function -
except for magical gems - and for this
reason their iconography must not be
seen as a full reflection of religious life.
Pannnia, and Brigetio in particular had
a number of significant cults of which
there is no reflection on gems. Silvanus,
Mithras, Iuppiter Dolichenus can be
ranked among them. 65 It is particulary
remarkable, that Diana Ephesia (App.
7) and Magna Mater (App. 6) all occur
on gems from Brigetio, because their
depictions only rarely appear on Panno
nian gemstones.66 We know about the
cult of Magna Mater in Brigetio, an altar
and a shrine having been erected to
her.67
There are two magical gems among
the finds in Brigetio that are obviously
of Eastern origin. One well-known type
is a figure with a head of a cock, the legs
of a snake and the a body of a man with
a shield and whip in its hands (No.
65).68 It can identified a supreme divine
being through the name often carved on
resented by a rock crystal from the col
lection in the National Museum which
is set in a broad gold mounting with a
peltic decoration (NM No. 257). The
scene on its obverse depicts a donkey
mounting a wild boar and might have
had a magical power for intesifying
men's potency. On its reverse, Her
manubis shown sitting on a back of a
ram. He is acting in the role of Hermes-
Mercury and bringing success and for
tune. The inscription around the edge
minl inkbb rejtve maradjon. Egyetlen
azonos felirat s hasonl brzols
aquamarin kvet ismernk. Azon vad
kan gaskodik a vaddiszn htra, a m
sik oldaln pedig Anubis trnon lve je
lenik meg.69 A feliratos gemmkbl az
llapthat meg, hogy a grg ugyangy
hasznlt nyelv volt a vroslakk kztt,
mint a latin (Nr. 70, NM Nr. 284.).
Mhely-krds
A gemmk mhelyekhez vagy mes
terekhez ktse pillanatnyilag a leg-
megoldatlanabb krdsek kz tartozik.
Az aquileiai gyjtemny esetben,
mely tbb mint ezer darabbl ll, tr
tnt ksrlet erre, aminek eredmnyeit
ma is szem eltt tartja a kutats, de ezek
ellenrzse a nem kielgt' illusztrcik
miatt igen nehz, s bizonyosan sok
mdostsra s finomtsra szorulnak.
Az azonos helyen, nagyobb mennyisg
ben s nhny vtizedes pontossggal
datlhat leletek a legalkalmasabbak a
mhelykrdsek vizsglatra, ilyen
azonban ritkn fordul el. A hetvenes
vek vgn s a nyolcvanas vek kze
pn Angliban a rgsz szerencse meg
adta ezt a lehetsget. Az els esetben a
walesi Gaerleon melletti legistbor fr
djnek feltrsa sorn a frigidarium le
folyrendszerben 86 gemmra buk
kantak, melyek kt peridusbl szr-
(starting from the bottom left) adds to
the stone's magic power and reads:
IWHAIWWIAIAW. T h e inscription,
that has been compiled from the letters
IAW and H, is partly a palindromatic
text and is probably a breathed prayer
to the supreme divine being. The let
ters may have been jumbled up with
the intention of making the name as
hidden as possible. Only one other gem,
an aquamarine stone, is known with the
same inscription and a similar depiction.
On this piece a wild-boar is mounting a
sow, and on the reverse Anubis appears
sitting on a throne. 69 Upon comparison
of gems featuring inscriptions, it can be
seen that the locals were equally fami
liar with Greek as with Latin (No. 70,
NM No. 284.).
The Question of Workshops
As yet it has proved very diffcult to
assign the gems to particular workshops
or schools of engraving. There has been
a significant attempt with the collection
from Aquileia, which consists of more
than 1000 pieces, and although a scien
tific approach was adopted and the
results were of great interest, it has
proved difficult to verify them, as we
lack sufficient information and it is
probable they require modification and
improvement. Finds in large numbers
and from the same place, which can be
roughly dated, are the most suitable for
considering the question of workshops
but these rarely appear. At the end of
the 1970's and in the middle of the
1980s, the Fortuna of archeologists pro
vided such an opportunity in Britain.
While excavating the bath of a legionary
camp near Caerleon in Wales, 86 gems
were found in the drain of the frigidari-
mztak: 75-110 s 160-230 kztti
idszakbl. 70 Ezek vizsglata sorn
Zienkiewicz bizonyos motvumok s
k'fajtk kedveltsgre az emltett id
szakokban hasznos megfigyelseket
tett. A mesterkezek megllaptsra
azonban nem ltott kell alapot. Tagad
hatatlan, hogy a feltrst s feldolgozst
vgz Zienkiewicz az attribuls lehet
sgt igen szigor felttelhez kttte:
mgpedig ahhoz, hogy kizrlag egyez
elemeknek az sszehasonltsbl lehet
kvetkeztetseket levonni (ZIENKIE
WICZ 1986, 123.). Ezeknek a szma vi
szont nem nagy, gy kevs eslye van
annak, hogy egy viszonylag kis mennyi
sg leletegyttesben az egyez mot
vumok azonos kztl szrmazzanak egy
ilyen knnyen szllthat trgy eset
ben. A szerz felttelezse szerint a k
vek mr megformlva kerltek a met
szkhz, gy azt is ktsgbe vonja, hogy
egy-egy mhelyre jellemz lett volna
bizonyos kfajtk hasznlata. gy vrha
t volt az a vgkvetkeztets, hogy a
caerleoni gemmk igen sokfle mhely
bl szrmaztak.
Fortuna furcsa jtknak tekinthet
jk, hogy pp az elbbi tanulmny elk
szlte idejn bukkant fel egy, a caer-
leoninl is szenzcisabb kincslelet. A
norfolki Snettishamben, egy fldbe rej
tett agyagkorsbl klnfle ezstk
szerekkel s pnzrmkkel egytt 127
karneolgemma kerlt napvilgra. Az
utols remveret 155-ben kszlt, teht
a gemmknak az ellltsa e dtum
eltt trtnhetett. Az brzolsok kidol
gozsnak hasonlsga alapjn Maas-
kant-Kleibrink hrom mesterkezet k
lntett el (engraver A, B, C).71 Az ki
indulpontja nem az azonos motvumok
kidolgozsnak sszehasonltsa volt,
hanem a klnfle mret csiszolko
rongok hasznlatnak sorrendje s md
ja az brzolt alakok testrszeinek meg
formlsa sorn. gy egyltaln nem szo-
um which were divided between two
periods, A. D. 75-100 and 160-330.7o In
his examination of the finds Zien
kiewicz was able to make useful obser
vations concerning the popularity of
certain motifs and materials in the
above mentioned periods. However,
there was little success in attributing
gems to particular engravers. It is indis
putable that Zienkiewicz subjected
such attribution to very strict condi
tions. He considered that only identical
elements could form the basis for attri
bution: 'The only objective way of com
paring the style of engraving within a
collection such as ours is to isolate
recurring motifs..., and compare only
like with like.'(ZIENKIEWIGZ 1986,
123). Considering the number of finds,
there is little chance of finding such
recurring motifs in this collection, par
ticularly with so easily transportable an
object as a gem. Zienkiewicz also put
forward the hypothesis that the stones
had already been shaped prior to rea
ching the engraver and disputes that
certain shapes of stones are characteris
tic of particular workshops. His conclu
sion was thus to be expected; the gems
from Caerleon had come from a great
many workshops.
The discovery of a treasure even
more sensational than that from
Caerleon, and not long before its publi
cation, could also be attributed to the
Archaeological Fortuna. In Snettisham
in Norfolk, 127 cornelian gems were
found, together with several pieces of
silver jewelry and a number of coins, in
an earthenware pitcher hidden in the
soil. The inclusion of tools with the
hoard indicates that it probably
belonged to a jeweler or gem cutter.
The most recent coin was dated 155, so
presumably the gems were mostly pro
duced before that date. On the basis of
the similarities in technique, Maaskant-
18
rtkozott csak egyez elemeknek az sz-
szehasonltsra, valamennyi emberala
kot sszevethetnek tartotta. St az A
mester e s e t b e n m e g k l n b z t e t e t t
egy gondosabb s egy hanyagabb kidol
gozsi mdszert, melyek eredmnye
knt annyira klnbz megjelens
brzolsok jttek ltre, hogy azokat
egymstl fggetlen leletcsoportok ese
tben aligha kttte volna brki is egy
azon mester kezhez. Ezt a dilemmt a
szerzn is megfogalmazta: vajon hol
van az a pont, amelytl mr nem ugyan
ahhoz a kzhez kapcsolhat varicirl
van sz, hanem egy msik mesterkzrl
( K L E I B R I N K 1997, 29).
A snettishami leletegyttes sok te
kintetben vlaszt adott azokra a kts
gekre, melyeket Zienkiewicz megfogal
mazott. Egyrszt az attribuls semmi
k p p e n sem korltozdhat egyez ele
mek sszehasonltsra. A hrom mes
terhez kttt gemmacsoportok klnf
le alakjainak kidolgozsa valban
homognnak tekinthet, valsznleg
az A mester mhelynek az alkalmazot
tai voltak a B s a G metsz, akik igye
keztek a nagyobb rutinnal rendelkez
mesterket kvetni. Az vitathat, hogy
csak hrom, vagy legalbb ngy kz
megklnbztetse indokolt-e. Ms
rszt megersti ez a leletegyttes azt a
korbbi felttelezst, hogy egy-egy m
helynek vagy mesternek lehettek ked
venc kfajti, gemmaformi s gemma
mretei. Pldul a B mester esetben a
kicsi, gmbly ovlis, ellapjn dom
bor, sttebb szn karneolok az
uralkodak. Hasonlkppen lehettek
egy mesternek vagy mhelynek ked
venc tmi is. A snettishami kincslelet
nl ezek a kvetkezk: Bonus Eventus
(27 db), Geres (20 db), papagj (13 db),
Abundantia (10 db).
A snettishami m e s t e r e k h e z attri-
bulhat gemmk a N M gyjtemny
ben is elfordulnak. Teljes bizonyossg-
Kleibrink identified three different
engravers (A, B and G). 7 1 Her starting
point was not the comparison of motifs
but the order in which the engraver
used grinding wheels of different sizes,
and the way in which figures were com
posed. T h u s she did not restrict herself
to the comparison of the identical ele
ments but she considered the figures to
be the basis of comparison. Moreover,
in the case of engraver A, she identified
a 'careful' and a 'careless' method of
manufacture and as a result assigned
apparently different depictions to the
same engraver. Kleibrink however
sounded a cautious note concerning her
own attributions and questioned at
what point one assigned a degree of
variation to another gem cutter: ' O n e
difficult question in judging the hands
at work in Snettisham assemblage is
how much variation may be attributed
to one engraver and at which point it
must be supposed that another crafts
man was at work.' ( K L E I B R I N K 1997,
29).
Kleibrink's analysis of the assem
blage from Snettisham has given an
answer to some of the questions raised
by Zienkiewicz. Attribution must not
be limited simply to the comparison of
identical elements. T h e different fig
ures that she assigns to three craftsmen
could be considered as homogeneous in
that engravers B and C might have been
the employees of A, and were following
the lead of their more experienced mas
ter. It is debatable whether the distinc
tion of only three hands is reasonable:
possibly four craftsmen should rather be
considered. This assemblage also justi
fies the pre-Zienkiewicz hypothesis
that one workshop or engraver pre
ferred certain materials, forms and sizes.
For example, in the case of engraver B,
small rounded oval ring-stones with a
convex obverse and in a darker shade of
19
gal a C mester stlusban kszlt egy
Bonus Eventus-, s valsznleg egy
Mercurius-brzols is.72 Az A mester
legjobb munkjnak nevezett darabhoz
(Nr. 112) mr korbban egsz sor gem
mt kapcsoltunk (NM 16). Azt persze
lehetne vitatni, hogy ez a valamennyi
tbbinl jobb munka valban az A mes
tertl szrmazik-e, mert nemcsak kidol
gozsval, hanem tpusval is eltr a
tbbitl. Br Bonus Eventust brzolja,
de nem a szemben ll, hanem az oldalt
lp tpust. Az A mesterre valban jel
lemz stlushoz hrom Brigetibl szr
maz gemmt is kthetnk. 73 A
Kleibrinknl (KLEIBRINK 1997, 28)
lert metszsi technikt pontosan nyo
mon tudjuk kvetni rajtuk: elszr egy
vastag koronggal a test alakja kszlt el,
egy vkonyabbal a fej, nyak, vgtagok,
ruharedk, vgl a legvkonyabbal az
arc rszei s a kalsz szlai.
Az annyira homogn gemmalelet,
mint a snettishami, sajnos egyedlll.
Elvtve van arra plda, hogy egy rt
kestsre sznt szlltmny mg az ru
ba bocsts eltt fldbe kerlt (pl.
Trierben). 74 A jellemz mgis inkbb az
volt, hogy egy ilyen rukszlettel tnak
indult a gazdja, s addig jrta a vroso
kat, mg ruja el nem fogyott. Ez az t
bizonyra nem volt hosszabb nhny
szz kilomternl. Nhny v elteltvel
bizonyra jra jtt egy mester vagy ke
resked jabb ruval, mely vagy az el
z, vagy egy msik mhelybl szrma
zott, gy vtizedek elteltvel sok m
helybl s mg tbb mestertl szrmaz
gemma juthatott el ugyanarra a terlet
re. Ha egy-egy rgi mindig ugyanabbl
a kzpontbl jutott volna gemmkhoz,
mg mindig knnyebb dolgunk volna
az sszetartoz termkek csoportost
sval. A Rmai Birodalmon bell azon
ban igen nagy volt a lakossg mobilitsa:
a jobb meglhets remnyben vagy a
katonai szolglat miatt akr a birodalom
cornelian predominate (29 stones).
Similarly, an engraver or workshop
might have had preferred topics. In the
Snettisham hoard these are as follows;
Bonus Eventus (27), Ceres (20), parrots
(13), Abundantia(lO).
Gems that could be attributed to the
Snettisham craftsmen abound in the
collection of the Hungarian National
Museum. A depiction of Bonus Even
tus and one of Mercury72 were both pro
duced in the style of engraver C. To the
piece that had been considered to be as
the best work of engraver A a whole
range of gems had been connected
(NM 16). That, of course, could be dis
putable whether this piece of work,
which is better that all the others,
comes really from engraver A because it
differs not only from the manufacturing,
but from type of the others. Although it
depicts Bonus Eventus, still not the one
facing us, but the type from the side.
Three gems from Brigetio are in a style
that could be attributed to craftsman
A.73 The engraving technique that
Kleibrink describes (KLEIBRINK
1997, 28) can also be seen on these
stones: first, the body was carved out
with a thick grinding wheel, next, the
head, limbs and plants with a thinner
one, and finally the details of the face
and that of the cornear were added.
A gem find as homogenous as that
from Snettisham is unfortunately
unique. We have only a few examples of
jewelers' hoards (another example is
that from Trier).74 Typically the owner
of such a stock would haved travelled
through the local towns selling his
stock. He would presumably not have
travel more than a couple of hundred
kilometres but over the course of time,
different itinerant craftsmen or trades
men would also visit these towns, brin
ging different wares produced in diffe
rent workshops. Thus numerous diffe-
20
msik vgbe is ttelepedtek nagyobb
csoportok, akik magukkal vittk kny-
nyen szllthat javaikat, melyek kzl
a legrtkesebbek az kszerek s a be
ljk foglalt gemmk voltak. A tvoli te
rletek gemminak ezt a nagyarny
keveredst legfeljebb az jkori mke
reskedelem mlta fell, melynek az lett
az eredmnye, hogy a mzeumokban
kialakult tbb ezres gemmagyjtem
nyeknek a lelhelyre vonatkozan
tbbnyire semmilyen adattal sem ren
delkeznk.
Az elmondottak alapjn vlik rthe
tv, hogy a szz darabot nem sokkal
meghalad brigetii leletcsoport, mg
ha egy teleplsrl szrmazik is, igen
heterogn kpet mutat, hisz kzel h
rom vszzad termkeirl van sz egy
olyan helyen, ahol a lakossg bevndor
lkbl alakult ki, a 2. szzad vgn szin
te kicserldtt, az itt llomsoz csa
pategysgek pedig megfordultak a li
mes Britannitl Syriig terjed majd
minden szakaszn. A legtbb, ami meg
llapthat, az egyes darabok kapcsolata
egymssal vagy ms terletek leleteivel.
Azonos kezet felttelezhetnk a
Iuppiter s a szatr portr esetben (Nr.
5, 39). Testfelletk megformlsa
plasztikus, de az arcl egyes rszeit, a
szemldkt hatrozottan meghzott
vonalak jelzik. Hajukat a fejtetrl lefu
t finoman vsett prhuzamos vonalak
alkotjk, melyeket egy krbefut szalag
zr le, ezt kveten a homloktl a nyak
szirtig 4-5 prhuzamos vonalbl ll, s
az arc fel fordul hajtincsek sorakoz
nak, melyek a nyakszirten V alakban
sztgaz tincsekkel zrulnak, mg
Iuppiter esetben a szakllban folyta
tdnak. Ehhez a stlushoz kzelll is
tenportrk megtallhatk Kazzay, Dri
s a Nemzeti Mzeum gyjtemny
ben egyarnt,75 de a Britanniban s a
Gadarban tallt gemmk kztt is.76
Ezek a portrk valsznleg helleniszti-
rent gems by numerous different hands
could find their way to the same area. If
the each region had always purchased
its gems from the same production cen
tres, it would be easy to arrange related
ones into groups. However, the mobili
ty of the population within the Roman
Empire was extremely high. In the
expectation of a better living, or be
cause of the military service, large num
bers of people migrated to the other
parts of the empire, taking their valu
able and easily transportable posses
sions with them, namely their jewelry
and the gems. In addition to this
ancient traffic, the modern antiquities
trade has further confused things: for
thousands of engraved gems there is lit
tle hope of ever knowing their origin.
On this basis it is understandable
the assemblage of finds, consisting of
little more than a hundred pieces, from
Brigetio represents a very heteroge
neous picture, even it comes from one
settlement. We are dealing with a time-
span of nearly three centuries in a place
whose population had been formed by
immigrants, changed by the end of the
2nd century, the troops stationed here
had been based in such diverse parts of
the empire as Britain and Syria. The
most that can be concluded is in the
connection of the unique pieces with
each other or with other finds from dif
ferent territories. Identical hands could
be hypothized in the case of the Jupiter
and Satyr portraits (Nos 5, 39). The fi
gure compositions appear somewhat
sculptural and the details of the face,
such as the eyebrows, are marked by
distinctive lines. The hair is represen
ted by gently engraved lines running in
parallel which are finished by a strip
going round and what is followed are
tufts of hair consisting of 4-5 parallel
lines from the forehead to the nape
turning towards the face and closed by
kus minta alapjn, azok stlusnak tbb
kevesebb tvtelvel, a ks hellenisz
tikus kortl a Severus korig folyamato
san s nagy mennyisgben kszlhet
tek egy ignyesen dolgoz kzponti
mhelyben, ahonnan eljutottak a biro
dalom minden rszbe. Mind a
Iuppiter-, mind a szatr-brzolsok igen
nagy npszersgnek rvendtek.77 K
sztse leginkbb egy olyan kulturlis
kzpontban kpzelhet el, mint ami
lyen Alexandria volt. Hasonl stlusban
kszlt egy brigetii maszk-llat kombi
ncit brzol gemma is (Nr. 62), mely
- leltri szma alapjn - taln a szatr-
portrval azonos lelhelyrl szrmazik.
Kedvelt kfajtjuk a jspis, mindkt ol
daln laposra csiszolva, mrete pedig
1,5 x 1-1,3 x 0,3 krl volt.
Az elbbi stlushoz kzel llnak azok
az llatbrzolsok (47: l, 64: csigahz
bl kiugr kutya), melyeknl a gmb
ly formk ragyogan rvnyeslnek,
de ehhez a vkonyabb vonalakkal k
sztett testrszek nem elg szervesen
zeslnek. Ugyanilyen l-brzolsok
lthatk az angliai Bathban s Tiverton-
ban feltrt gemmk kztt, melyeket
M. Henig egy Bathban, a Flavius-kor-
ban mkd mhely termkeinek
tart.78 Az ezekkel rokon darabokat meg
talljuk tvolabbi terleteken is, gy pl.
porolissumi s gadarai gemmkon.79 A
gmbly formk metszsre a jspisf-
lk ktsgtelenl alkalmasabbak, mint
a kvarcok, de sz sincs arrl, hogy ez a
stlus a jspisgemmkra ltalban is r
vnyes volna. A barna jspisba metszett
brigetii ll Ceres (Nr. 16) alakjnl azt
a lineris stlust fedezhetjk fel, mely a
snettishami, karneolba metszett, hason
l Ceres-tpusra jellemz, mindenek
eltt a Nr. 135, 138-ra, melyeket M.
Kleibrink az A mesternek tulajdont. A
karneolba metszett alakok megforml
snl az 1. szzad vgtl a linearitsnak
valban nagyobb szerep jut, mint a
tufts on the nape departing while for
ming a V-shape. In the case of Jupiter
the tufts are running to shape a beard.
Portraits of gods that are close in style
can be found either in the Kazzay and
Dri collections or even the National
Museum's, 75 but there are pieces of the
same style among the gems found in
Britain and Gadara.76 These portraits
might have been based on late Helle
nistic examples and were probably pro
duced in great number until the
Severan period. Possibly they were
manufactured in a central workshop,
from which they were exported to other
parts of the empire. Both depictions of
Jupiter and the satyrs had a great popu
larity77 Such a central workshop would
be best placed in a cultural centre like
Alexandria. An animal-mask combina
tion gem from Brigetio (No. 62) is in a
similar style, and (according to its
inventory number) might be from the
same site as the portrait of the Satyr.
The preferred stone was the jasper,
highly polished and with a flat surface
on both sides; its size was about 1.5 x 1-
1.3x0.3.
Some depictions of animals (No. 47:
horse, No. 64: dog jumping out of a
shell) are close to this in style, in which
rounded cutting is used for the bodies
but the limbs are engraved with thinner
lines which are attached not organically.
Similar depictions of horses can be seen
among the finds from Bath and Tiver
ton in England, which are considered to
be the products of a Flavian workshop
functioning by M. Henig. 78 Similar
gems can be found in more remote
areas such as Porolissum or Gadara.79
Jasper is a material more suited for the
engraving of round features than vari
eties of quarz, but this manufacturing of
jasper is not valid in general. Upon
examining the standing figure of Ceres
engraved on a brown jasper from
22
plaszticitsnak. De hogy ebben is mek
kora klnbsgek lehetnek, azt mi sem
szemllteti jobban, mint a brigetii
gemmk kt azonos tpus Ceres-br-
zolsnak az sszevetse. Mg az egyi
ken a ruharedket vkony prhuzamos
vonalak sokasga rzkelteti, melyek a
pihen lb felletn kisimulnak (Nr.
14), addig a msik gemmn csak vastag
csiszolkoronggal hzott mly vonala
kat ltunk, melynek eredmnye egy ha
sbszer, alig tagolt emberalak a ruhzat
rszleteinek brminem jelzse nlkl
(Nr. 15). Hasonl megfigyelst a Miner
va-brzolsok esetben is tehetnk.
M. Henig Zienkiewicz tanulmny
nak megjelenst kveten a maga
hsz ves gemmakutati tapasztalatt
felhasznlva ksrletet tett a britanniai
gemmaleletek alapjn a csszrkori kro
nolgia fellltsra.80 Eszerint az 'inco
herent grooves style' uralkodv vls
nak mr az Antoninusok korban be
kellett kvetkeznie. Ennek legfbb bi
zonytkt a snettishami lelet-egyttes
ben ltta, melyet a datlst biztost r
me nlkl bizonyosan ksbbinek tar
tott volna a kutats a 2. szzad kzep
nl. A Severus-korban az elbbi stlus
utols peridust ltja, mely a gemma
metszs teljes visszaszorulsval vgz
dtt. Az gy alkotott kphez hozz kell
azonban tennnk, hogy az Antoninus-
s a Severus-kor a portr-ksztsben
mg jelentset alkotott, legalbb is a
Duna-medence s a Balkn terletn.
Intaglik esetben elssorban az ural
kod csald tagjainak az brzolsairl
van sz, mg a kamek tbbsgn ma
gnszemlyekrl. Ez utbbiak, gy t
nik, Britanniig nem jutottak el, s a
nyugati provincikban is ritkn fordul
nak el, viszont Pannoniban81 s a tle
dlkeletre es terleteken gyakoriak,
gy megtallhatk Brigetiban is (Nr.
68-69). ppen ezrt felttelezzk, hogy
ksztsi helyk is ezen a terleten
Brigetio (No. 16), we discover the linear
style which is characteristic of the type
of Ceres engraved on cornelian from
Snettisham (Nos 135, 138 that were
attributed by M. Kleibrink to engraver
A). The linear formation of figures in
case of cornelian became more impor
tant than plasticity after the 1st century.
To show how big the differences might
be, there is no better method than to
compare the two depictions of Geres on
gems from Brigetio. While on one gem
the folds of her garment are suggested
by a number of thin parallel lines which
contrast with the smoothness on the
surface of her leg (No. 14); on the other
gem only deep lines made with a thick
grinding wheel can be seen, the result
of which is a prismatic figure almost
without any proportioning and any re
ference to the details of the garment
(No. 15). We can observe a similar tech
nique with regard to the Minerva depic
tions.
Henig, after the publication of
Zienkiewicz's study, attempted to con
struct a stylistic chronology80 of the
imperial period on the basis of the gem
from British sites. He used his own 20
years of experience as a gem specialist.
According to this chronology, the pre
dominance of the "incoherent grooves
style" was in the Antonine period. The
major proof for this lay in the assem
blage from Snettisham. Without the
coinage, which provides an exact date,
scholars would have thought of the
assemblage to be later the mid-2nd cen
tury. Henig identifies the last period of
this style with the Severan period which
ended with the entire withdrawal of the
gem engraving. We must add to this pic
ture by observing that the Antonine and
Severan periods produced significant
portrait gems, at least in the Danube
basin and the Balkans. On intaglios, it is
members of the imperial family who are
23
keresend. 82 Ahogy a severusi dombor-
mvekre, gy ezekre a kamekra is jel
lemzek a mly alvssek.
Kofajtdk s gyrk
A gemmk kfajtiban nagy vltoza
tossg figyelhet meg, de kiemelked
en magas a karneolok arnya: a Kllay-
gyjtemnyben elri a 40%-ot, a
Nemzeti Mzeumba kerlt brigetii
gemmk kztt a 30%-ot. Ezt a nicolo-
pasztk kvetik a Kllay-gyjtemny-
ben 15%-kal, a NM-ban 17%-kal. Majd
nem azonos arnyban fordulnak el
mindkt gyjtemnyben a barna jspi
sok (15%). Ezt kvetik a rteges ach-
tok fajti (10%): a szardnix s nicolo 3-
4 darabos csoportjai, 3 kalcedon, vgl
1-2 darab kpviseli a tbbi jspisflt,
tovbb a prasemet, ametisztet, szrdot,
a Nemzeti Mzeumban a hegyikris
tlyt. A Nemzeti Mzeumban tbbfle
vegntvny is elfordul: kk, lila, fe
hr, halvnyzld s sttkk. Mr ko
rbban megllaptottuk, hogy a nicolo-
pasztk magas szma a nyugati provinci
kra jellemz, kelet fel haladva mind
kevesebb van bellk. E tekintetben
Brigetio nyugati kapcsolatot mutat. A
ni portrkat brzol szardnix ka-
mek viszont valsznleg a Balkn fe-
depicted, while on the majority of
cameos it is private individuals, particu
larly women. These last mentioned do
not seem to have reached Britain and
turn up rarely in the Western provinces;
but in Pannnia81 and in the territories
to the south, they are frequent. Thus
they can be found in Brigetio as well
(Nos 68-69). That is exactly why we
hypothize that the place of production
should be looked for in this area.82
Deep engraving is characteristic of
them as it is in reliefs of the Severan
period.
Stonetypes and Rings
A great variety of materials are illus
trated by the gems from Brigetio but
the number of cornelian gems is
extraordinarily high: in the Kllay col
lection, it reaches 40%, and among the
gems in the National Museum from
Brigetio, 30%. It is followed by nicolo
paste: in the Kllay collection, 15%, and
in the National Museum, 17%. Brown
jaspers appear in almost equal propor
tion in both collections, 15%. They are
followed by varieties of banded agate
(10%): 3-4 pieces of sardonyx and nico
lo, 3 pieces of chalcedony. Finally there
are the other kinds of jasper, prase,
amethyst, sard and the mountain crystal
in the National Museum (1-2 pieces
each). There are several moulding of
glass: blue, purple, white, light-green
and dark-blue. We have already seen
that a high number of nicolo paste is
charasteristic of the Western provinces,
there are fewer and fewer as we move
East. In this respect the Brigetio gems
reflect those from Western provinces. It
could be that sardonyx cameos with
24
loi rkeztek Brigetiba. A gemmknak
csekly rsze maradt fenn gyrbe fog
lalva. Ezen gyrk anyaga tbbsgben
bronz (14); arany (7) s kt esetben
ezst. Feltn, hogy vas egyltaln nem
fordul el, az arany pedig viszonylag
gyakori, klnsen ha az aranykeretes
fggt (Nr. 67), s 3 tovbbi aranygy
rt is tekintetbe vesszk, melyek nem
voltak kvel dsztve (Nr. 74, 87-88).
Feltn az is, hogy a gyrk formjuk
alapjn vagy a 2. szzad msodik felre,
vagy a 3. szzadra datlhatok. E n n e k
magyarzatt abban kereshetjk, hogy a
quad-markomann hbork utn elssor
ban keleti bevndorlk telepedtek le a
vrosban, akik krben az kszerviselet
kedveltebb volt, mint a rmaiaknl, s a
Severus-kori gazdasgi fellendls meg
is teremtette ehhez az anyagi felttele
ket. A 7 aranygyr kzl 4 esetben a
mret, ha srbl kerlt el, akkor a
csontvz alapjn is megllapthat, hogy
gyermek (Nr. 74, 86-88), tovbbi 2 ese
tben pedig az, hogy n viselte (Nr. 49,
85). Ez utbbi megfigyelst ersti az a
Nemzeti M z e u m gyjtemnybe ke
rlt aranygyr, melyet a katonavrostl
dlre fekv t e m e t nvadjnak,
Caecilinak a szarkofgjban talltak to
vbbi arany kszerekkel egytt, 8 3 vala
mint egy 1998-ban, a tbor dlkeleti sar
ktl keletre feltrt szarkofg ni csont
vza mellett elkerlt filigrn s granu-
lcis technikval ksztett gyr,
ugyancsak tovbbi arany kszerekkel
egytt. 8 4
Ngy gyrben brzols nlkli k,
ill. vegpaszta-bett tallhat (Nr. 85-
86, 90-91). Miknt ez mshol is megfi
gyelhet, a 3. szzad msodik feltl
szorult httrbe a gemmametszs, s a
bettek helyett a gyrk vltak mind
d s z e s e b b e k k . 8 5 A Brigetiban vi
szonylag nagy szmban elkerlt br
zols nlkli gemmk (Nr. 94-99, 103-
105, 107) egy rsze bizonyra ugyancsak
portraits of women, mentioned above,
might have come to Brigetio from fur
ther south in the Balkans. Very few
gems have been survived in their origi
nal settings. T h e material of the rings is
mostly bronze (14), but gold (7), and sil
ver (2) are also found. It is remarkable
that iron does not appear at all and gold
is comparitively frequent, particularly if
we take the gold framed pendents (No.
67) and three other gold rings, not de
corated with a stone, into consideration
(Nos 74, 87-88). It is also surprising that
the rings could be dated on the basis of
their shapes to the end of 2nd or the 3rd
centuries. A possible explanation is that
after the Quadi-Marcomannic wars, it
was mainly migrants from the East who
settled in the town. Among these peo
ple, the wearing of jewels was more
fashionable than among the previous
inhabitants. T h e economic boom in the
Severan period also provided the finan
cial basis for such a fashion. To judge by
the size of the rings and by the skele
tons, four of the 7 gold rings belonged
to children (Nos 74, 86-88), two of them
come from graves of women (Nos 49,
85). This observation is confirmed by
the gold ring from the National
Museum which was found, together
with other gold jewelry, 83 in the sar
cophagus of Caecilia, who gave her
name to the graveyard south of the mil
itary town. A ring made with the filigree
and granulated t e c h n i q u e was also
found by the skeleton of a woman in a
sarcophagus to the east of the camp,
together with other gold jewelry, in
1998.S4
Four rings carry stones or glass
pastes without any images (Nos 85-86,
90-91). As can be seen elsewhere, gem
engraving declined in popularity from
the second part of the 3rd century and
the rings themselves became more and
more highly-decorated. 8 5 T h e gems
25
ks csszrkori gyrk, vagy ms k
szerek - nyaklncok, flbevalk, fibu-
lk - bettei lehettek. Klnsen a tg
lalap, a flhold s a csepp formj gem
mknl gondolhatunk erre (Nr. 99, 106,
109, 112, 118). Az ovlis karneolok (Nr.
94-98) lehettek kszerbettek a ksei,
de tovbbi metszsre elksztett gem
mk is a korai csszrkorban.86 Az t
frt, polider formj karneol gyngyk
(Nr. 100-101) az Alfldn, a 2-3. szzadi
szarmata halomsrokban gyakori mel
lkletek.87 A klnbz szn s form
j vegntvnyek (Nr. 108-118) gyak
ran fordulnak el ks csszrkori
gyrkben.88 A 4. szzad vgtl ezek
az egyszer bettek is mind ritkbbak
k vltak, s helyettk a bronzgyr
anyagbl kialaktott kerek lemez fel
letre stilizlt, alig felismerhet llat- s
nvny-motvumok kerltek (Nr. 80-
81,83).*
* Ksznet illeti a Kuny Domokos Mzeumot,
klnsen Kisn Cseh Julianna rgszt a
munkmhoz nyjtott segtsgrt.
from Brigetio which were not engraved
are relatively high in number (Nos 94-
99, 103-105, 107). However they could
have been used in a variety of settings
apart from rings such as necklaces, ear
rings, or fibulae. This is especially true
in the case of rectanglar, half-moon and
drop shaped gems (Nos 99, 106, 109,
112, 118). The oval cornelians (Nos 94-
98) might have either been jewelery
inlays in the late or gems prepared for
engraving in the early imperial period.86
Polygonal cornelian beads (Nos 100-
101) are very frequent in the Sarmatian
burials of the 2-3rd centuries A. D. on
the Great Hungarian Plain.87 Glass casts
of different colours and shapes (Nos
108-118) often appear in rings from the
late imperial period.88 After the end of
the 4th century even these simple
inlays became more and more rare, and
instead, hardly recognizable motifs of
animals and plants were carved on
bronze ring bevels (Nos 80-81, 83).*
* I am grateful to the Kuny Domokos Museum in
'lata, especially to the archaeologist, Julianna
Cseh, for her cooperation in my work.
26
Jegyzetek Annotations
' VISY 1989, 52-56. i VISY 1989, 52-56.
2 RIU 2, 89 skk. 2 RIU 2, 89 ff.
3 LNYIREDTORBGYI 1999, 3 LNYI - R E D T O R B G Y I 1999,
193-415.; F I T Z 1978, passim. 193-415.; F I T Z 1978, passim.
4 BONIS 1977.; BONIS 1979.; 4 BONIS 1977.; BONIS 1979.;
B A R K C Z I 1966/1967.; B A R K C Z I B A R K C Z I 1966/1967.; B A R K C Z I
1968.; CSEH; BR 1997.; 1968.; CSEH; BR 1997.;
PAULOVICS 1942. PAULOVICS 1942.
5 5
A vros trtnetnek legbvebb lerst T h e most detailed description of the his
Id. BARKCZI 1951. tory of the town see: B A R K C Z I 1951.
6 WESZPRMI 1781, III. 445 = 1968, 6 W E S Z P R M I 1781, III. 445 - 1968,
II/2, 929, 933. II/2, 929, 933.
7 7
Az erre vonatkoz adatokat Id.: T h e data referring to this see:
SZMAD 1997. SZMAD 1997.
8 8
P e t Mria szbeli kzlse, aki az ottani Mria P e t ' s oral s t a t e m e n t , who
rgszeket felvilgostotta a trgyak ere- informed the archeologists there about
detr'l. A krdsr'l bvebben Id.: BR the origins of the objects. About the
2000, 107-111. question in more details see: B I R
9
A M u s e u m Carnuntinumban 368 dara 2000, 107-111.
9
bot riznek, s igen sok tallhat magn 368 pieces are preserved in M u s e u m
gyjtemnyekben (a legjelentsebb grf Carnuntinum, and a lot of t h e m can be
Abensperg-Traun, Petronellben, 159 found in private collections (the most
db). G. D e m b s k i az 1969-es disszertci significant one is of count Abensperg-
jt (Rmerzeitliche G e m m e n und Traun, in Petronell, 159 pieces). G.
Kameen aus Carnuntum. Manuskript: Dembski, extending his thesis of 1969
738 db gemma) kibvtve a magngyj (Rmerzeitliche G e m m e n und Kameen
temnyek anyagval s az jabb leletek aus Carnuntum. Manuskript: 738 pieces
kel, egy ezer ttelt meghalad katal of gems) with the materials of the pri
gust hozott ltre, melynek publiklst a vate collections and the latest finds, has
kzeljvben tervezi. created a catalogue of over a thousand
pieces, the publication of which h e is
io W E S Z P R M I II/2, 930 skk.
11
planning in the near future.
Cimeliotheca 136/2; Elencus Collecti-
onis Nikolai Jankovich ad proprietatem io W E S Z P R M I II/2, 930 ff.
Musei Nationalis Hungarici resignatae H Cimeliotheca 136/2; Elencus Collectio-
(kzirat, N M Adattr). Ann. Nr. 24.= nis Nikolai Jankovich ad proprietatem
N M Nr. 258. Musei Nationalis Hungarici resignatae
12 (manuscript, N M Documentation D e
Ld. Debrecen.
partment). Ann. N o . 24.= N M N o . 258.
13 N M Nr. 116., 127., 143., 153., 159., 197.,
12 See Debrecen.
200., 205., 215., 271.
13 N M Nos 116., 127., 143., 153., 159., 197.,
14 N M Nr. 48., 92., 266., 284.
200., 205., 215., 271.
is N M Nr. 68.
14 N M Nos 48., 92., 266., 284.
16 N M Nr. 97., 108., 151., 187., 189., 191.,
15 N M No. 68.
203., 230., 233., 246.
16 N M Nos 97., 108., 151., 187., 189., 191.,
17 N M Nr. 137.
203., 230., 233., 246.
18 N M Nr. 157., 169.

27
19 N M Nr. 235. 17 N M N o . 137.
20 N M Nr. 247. is NM Nos 157., 169.
21 N M Nr. 257., 263-264. 19 N M N o . 235.
22 N M Nr. 260. 20 N M N o . 247.
23 N M Nr. 99., 119., 207. 21 N M Nos 257., 263-264.
24 N M Nr. 328-330., 334. 22 N M No. 260.
25 N M Nr. 193. 23 N M Nos 99., 119., 207.
26 N M Nr. 240. 24 N M Nos 328-330., 334.
27 N M Nr. App. III/2 = P A U L O V I C S 1941, 25 N M N o . 193.
163., Taf. XXVIII/5. 26 N M N o . 240.
28 B O R H Y 1997-1998. 27 NM No. App. III/2 = PAULOVICS
29 N M Nr. 29. 1941, 163, Taf. XXVIII/5.
30 K L N I K 1984, Nr. 108. 28 B O R H Y 1997-1998.
31 N M Nr. 193., 263-264., App. III/2. 29 N M N o . 29.
32 Nr. 67., N M Nr. 29., 48. 30 K L N I K 1984, N o . 108.
33 S I C H T E R M A N N 1988, 145 sk., Nr. 31 N M N o s 193., 263-264., App. III/2.
138-169.; H E R B I G 1949, 1-9., Abb. 4.,
32 N o . 67.; N M Nos 29., 48.
14.; Gyr Nr. 1.
33 SICHTERMANN 1988, 145 f., Nos
34 V O L L E N W E I D E R 1966, 83 sk., Taf. 138-169.; HERBIG 1949, 1-9., Abb. 4.,
96/3., 6. 14.; Gyr No. 1.
35 V. G E S Z T E L Y I 1998, 56 skk.; N M 12 34 V O L L E N W E I D E R 1966, 83 f., Taf.
sk. 96/3., 6.
36 N M Nr. 29.; K L N I K 1984, Nr. 108. 35 C o m p . G E S Z T E L Y I 1998, 56 ff.; N M
37 PAULOVICS 1942, 220.; BARKCZI 12 f.
1951,33. 36 N M N o . 29.; K L N I K 1984, N o . 108.
38 B A R K C Z I 1951, 45., Taf. LIV/1, 3. 37 P A U L O V I C S 1942, 220.; B A R K C Z I
39 B A R K C Z I 1951, 32-3.; R I U 2, Nr. 1951,33.
393., 443., 444. 38 B A R K C Z I 1951, 45., Taf. LIV/1, 3.
40 V. N M 13. 39 B A R K C Z I 1951, 32-3.; R I U 2, N o s
41 W E S Z P R E M I U/2, 931.; P A U L O V I C S 393., 443., 444.
1942, 226-7.; B A R K C Z I 1951, 46. 40 Comp. N M 13.
42 B A R K C Z I 1951, 32.; R I U 2, Nr. 442., 4i W E S Z P R E M I U/2, 931.; PAULOVICS
384. 1942, 226-7.; B A R K C Z I 1951, 46.
43 B A R K C Z I 1951, 32.; R I U 2, Nr. 385. 42 BARKCZI 1951, 32.; R I U 2, N o s 442.,
44 B A R K C Z I 1951, 32. 384.
45 B A R K C Z I 1951, 44.; R I U 2, Nr. 410. 43 BARKCZI 1951, 32.; R I U 2, N o . 385.
46 B A R K C Z I 1951, 32-3. 44 BARKCZI 1951,32.
47 W E S Z P R E M I II/2, 931.; P A U L O V I C S 45 BARKCZI 1951, 44.; R I U 2, N o . 410.
1942, 218-9. 46 B A R K C Z I 1951, 32-3.
48 Debrecen Nr. 32-33. 47 W E S Z P R E M I II/2, 931.; P A U L O V I C S
49 Kazzay Nr. 46., v. Gadara Nr. 27-28. 1942, 218-9.
so M C C A N N 1968, 55 skk., 109 skk. 48 Debrecen N o s 32-33.

28
 49
si BMC V. Pl. 33/8.; MC CANN 1968, 111. Kazzay No. 46, comp. Gadara Nos 27-28.
52 Kazzay Nr. 69. so M C C A N N 1968, 55 ff., 109 ff.
53 Debrecen Nr. 20. si B M C V PI. 33/8.; M C C A N N 1968, 111.
54 B A R K C Z I 1951, 33.; P A U L O V I C S 52 Kazzay N o . 69.
1942, 241. 53 Debrecen N o . 20.
55 Gyffr Nr. 7. 54 B A R K C Z I 1951, 33.; P A U L O V I C S
56 H E N I G 1970, 252. 1942, 241.
57 Debrecen Nr. 63.; Kazzay Nr. 87. 55 Gyffr N o . 7.
58 B A R K C Z I 1951, 34.; Debrecen Nr. 3 5 - 56 H E N I G 1970, 252.
36. 57 Debrecen N o . 63.; Kazzay N o . 87.
59 BARKCZI 1951, 45., Taf. LIII/1. 58 B A R K C Z I 1951, 34.; Debrecen N o s 35-
60 F I T Z 1962. 36.
61 B A R K C Z I 1951, 33.; R I U 2, Nr. 392. 59 BARKCZI 1951, 45., Taf. L I I I / 1 .
62 SHA. Caracalla V. 9. 60 FITZ 1962.
63 B O N N E R 1950, 35. 6i BARKCZI 1951, 33.; RIU 2, No. 392.
64 B M C V. Pl. 72/6-7., 73/3., 76/9., 77/8. 62 SHA. Caracalla V. 9.
65 V. B A R K C Z I 1951, 30., 34., 45. 63 B O N N E R 1950, 35.
66 Carnuntum Nr. 97-99.; Gorsium Nr. 2. 64 B M C V. Pl. 72/6-7., 73/3., 76/9., 77/8.
67 B A R K C Z I 1951, 3 3 . sk.; R I U 2, Nr. 65 Comp. BARKCZI 1951, 30., 34., 45.
441., 6 3 1 . 66
Carnuntum N o s 97-99., Gorsium N o . 2.
68 Magyarzatt Id.: ZWIERLEIN- 67 B A R K C Z I 1951, 3 3 f.; R I U 2, N o s
DIEHL 1992, 29-35.; GESZTELYI 441., 631.
1998, 61. sk.
68 Its explanation see: ZWIERLETN-
69 A G D 1/3, Nr. 2869. DIEHL 1992, 29-35.; GESZTELYI
70 Z I E N K I E W I C Z 1986, 117-141. 1998, 61. f.
71 MAASKANT-KLEIBRINK 1992.; 69 A G D 1/3, N o . 2896.
KLEIBRINK 1997. 70 Z I E N K I E W I C Z 1986, 117-141.
72 N M Nr. 164., 98. 71 MAASKANT-KLEIBRINK 1992.;
73 Nr. 28.; N M Nr. 159., 187. KLEIBRINK 1997.
74
Trier Ni. 10: Depotfund von mehr als 80 72 N M N o s 164, 98.
gleichartigen fabrikneuen" Ringen. 73 No. 28.; N M Nos 159., 187.
75 Kazzay Nr. 43., 51., 69.; Debrecen Nr. 32., 74 Trier No. 10: Depotfund von mehr als 80
33., 58.; N M Nr. 33. gleichartigen "fabrikneuen" Ringen.
76 Britain Nr. 252.; H E N I G 1988, fig. 4.; 75 Kazzay Nos 43., 51., 69.; Debrecen Nos
Gadara Nr. 26-28. 32., 33., 58.; N M N o . 33.
77 V. G E S Z T E L Y I 1978. 76 Britain N o . 252.; H E N I G 1988, fig. 4.;
78 HENIG 1992. Gadara Nos 26-28.
79 Zalau Nr. 50.; Gadara Nr. 284. 77 Comp. G E S Z T E L Y I 1978.
so HENIG 1988, 147 skk. 78 H E N I G 1992.
si DEMBSKI 1998. 79 Zalau N o . 50.; Gadara N o . 284.
82 N M 21. so H E N I G 1988, 147 ff.
83 P A U L O V I C S 1941, 123.; N M Nr. 193. si DEMBSKI 1998.

29
84 B O R H Y - S Z M A D 1999, 152.
85 GESZTELYI 1996, 57.; GyrNr. 12 sk.
86 Xanten Nr. 197, tovbbi szakirodalom-
mal
- 85 G E S Z T E L Y I 1996, 57.; GyrNos 12 f.
87 Z O L T A I 1941. passim.
88 HENKEL 1913, Nr. 1351., 1353 skk,
1362 sk., Taf. LII.
^ N M 21.
83 P A U L O V I C S 1941, 123.; N M N o . 193.
4 B O R H Y - S Z M A D 1999, 152.
86 Xanten N o . 197, with further special lit-
terature.
87 Z O L T A I 1941 passim.
88 H E N K E L 1913, N o s 1351., 1353 ff.,
1362 f., Taf. L I I .

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Rvidtsek - Abbreviations
DDM
A Debreceni Dri Mzeum Evknyve - Annales Musei Debreceniensis de Friderico
Dri nominati
KEMMK
Komrom-Esztergom Megyei Mzeumok Kzlemnyei - Mitteilungen der Museen des
Komitats Komrom-Esztergom
SEG
Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum

34
II. Katalgus
Intaglik
1. K. 1972. Lh.: Sz'ny. Eltnt, gipszlenyo
matrl ismert.
Kalcedon, ttetsz, f e h r e n - k k e n
opalizl. ll ovlis, mindkt oldala
dombor, le a htoldal fel sszetart.
Fellete fnyezett.
1 , 1 5 x 0 , 9 x 0 , 3 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
Tmls trnon l Iuppiter oldalrl,
meztelen fels teste szembl, als
testt kpeny fedi. Elre nyjtott ke
zben patert (ldoz csszt) tart, a
msikban jogart, lbnl fel tekint
sas. Alapvonal.
Publiklatlan.
A tpushoz v.: Carnuntum Nr. 11-19.
2. K. 1973. Lh.: Szny.
Kalcedon, ttetsz, fehren opalizl.
ll ovlis, mindkt oldala dombor,
le a htoldal fel sszetart, s alig
szreveheten megy t a htoldalba.
Fellete fnyezett, htoldaln utla
gos csiszols.
1,4 x 1,0 x 0,5 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
l Iuppiter mint elbb.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/65.; Erigetio
XXII/5.
A stlushoz v.: Gadara Nr. 6.
3. K. 1992. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, sttvrs. ll ovlis, mind
kt oldala lapos, le az ellap fel sz-
szetart. Srlt, als rsze s htoldala
letrt, repedt.
1,3 x 1,05 x 0,3 cm Kora: 2. sz.
l Iuppiter mint elbb, de sas nl
kl. Trnjnak lbt keresztpntok
fogjk ssze.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/50.
4. K. 1428/2 (nem egyezik a leltrknyvvel)
Lh. Szny.
Nicolopaszta, sttkk. ll ovlis,
mindkt oldala lapos, le egyenes, pe
reme rzss. Fellete lekopott, br
zolsa alig ismerhet fel.
1,2 x 1 0,3 cm Kora: 3. sz.
Trnol Iuppiter(P).
Publiklatlan.
II. Catalogue
Intaglios
1. K. 1972. Szny. Missing, known from plas
ter-cast.
Chalcedony, translucent, having an
opaline reflection of white and blue.
Standing oval, convex on both sides,
bevelled towards back. Polished sur
face.
1,15 x 0,9 x 0,3 cm. 2nd century A. D.
Jupiter in profile sitting on a backed
throne, his n u d e trunk frontal, his
lower body is covered by a cloak. In
his outstreched hand he holds a pa
tera, in the other one a sceptre, at his
feet an eagle looking at him.
Groundline.
Unpublished.
For the type comp.: Carnuntum Nr. 11-
19.
2. K. 1973. Szny.
Chalcedony, translucent, having an
opaline reflection of white. Standing
oval, convex on both sides, bevelled
towards rear and inconspicuously
going to the rear side. Polished sur
face, additional polishing on the back
side.
1,4 x 1,0 x 0,5 cm. 2nd century A. D .
Jupiter enthroned, as last.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/65.; Brigetio
XXII/5.
For the style comp.: Gadara N o . 6.
3. K. 1992. Szny.
Cornelian, dark red. Standing oval, flat
on both sides, bevelled towards
obverse. Damaged, chipped on lower
right edge and back, cracked.
1,3 x 1,05 x 0,3 cm. 2nd century A. D.
Jupiter sitting as before but without
an eagle. T h e legs of his throne are
fastened by cross-shaped hinges.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/50.
4. K. 1428/2 (it does not check up with the
inventory) Szny.
Nicolo paste, dark blue. Standing oval,
flat on both sides, its edge is linear,
obverse border is bevelled. Wear on
35
5. K. 414. Lh. Sz'ny, fels faluvgn (Kom
rom fell) kiosztott hztelken, kert
mvels kzben kerlt el.
Barna jspis. ll ovlis, mindkt ol
dala lapos, le a htoldal fel sszetart.
Fellete fnyezett, a vset is.
1,5 x 1,15 x 0,2 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
Iuppiter feje oldalrl ds hajjal s sza
kllal, vlln k p e n y n e k szle ltha
t.
PubL: Erigetio XXII/3.; G E S Z T E L Y I
1998, 146/17.
A stlushoz v.: Nr. 40, 62.; Zalau Nr.
3.; Da Imatia Nr. 31.
6. K. 1987. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, lnkpiros, benne zrvnyok.
ll ovlis, ellapja lapos, htoldala
enyhn dombor, le az ellap fel
sszetart. Fellete fnyezett, pere
mn kisebb srlsek.
1.2 x 1,0 x 0,5 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
ll I u n o vagy Minerva szembl,
sisakos(?) feje oldalra fordtva, fel
emelt kezvel jogart vagy lndzst, a
msikkal patert tart. Alapvonal. M
lyen vsett.
PubL: Aranyleltr 53/54.
A tpushoz v.: N M Nr. 82.
7. K. 1980. Lh.: Szny.
Karneol, piros. ll ovlis, ellapja
enyhn, htoldala ersen dombor,
le s ellapja utlag lecsiszolva, emi
att az brzols egyes rszletei eltn
tek. Htoldala fnyezett.
1.3 x 0,9 x 0,3 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
ll Minerva szembl hossz chitn-
ban, feje oldalra fordtva, rajta sisak.
Elre nyjtott kezben patert, a m
sikkal lndzsjt s fldre tmasztott
pajzst tartja. Alapvonal. Az egyes
rszletek hinybl arra lehet kvet
keztetni, hogy a munka befejezetlen.
PubL: Aranyleltr 54/59.; G E S Z
TELYI 1998, 138/21.
8. K. 1988. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, vilgos narancssrga, benne
fgglegesen vkony sttebb csk.
ll ovlis, mindkt oldala lapos, le a
htoldal fel sszetart. Fnyezett, sz
le tbb helyen letrt.
1,3 x 1,1 x 0,25 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
face, the depiction is hardly recogniz
able.
1,2 x 1 x 0,3 cm. 3rd century A. D .
Jupiter enthroned(P).
Unpublished.
5. K. 414. Szny. (found on a building site in
the upper end of the village (from
Komrom) during gardening.
Brown jasper. Standing oval, flat on
both sides, bevelled towards back.
Polished surface and engravement as
well.
1,5 x 1,15 x 0,2 cm. 2nd century A. D .
Jupiter's head in profile with thick
hair and beard, the mantle is seen on
his shoulder.
PubL: Brigetio XXII/3.; G E S Z T E L Y I
1998, 146 N o . 17.
For the style comp.: Nos 40, 62.; Zalau
No. 3.; Dalmatia No. 31.
6. K. 1987. Szny.
Cornelian, flaming red, with inclu
sions. Standing oval, obverse is flat,
rear is slightly convex, bevelled
towards the obverse. Polished for the
surface. T h e r e are some small injuries
on the border.
1.2 x 1,0 x 0,5 cm. 2nd century A. D .
Juno or Minerva standing front-wise,
head, with a helmet(P), is turning to
the side, in raised hand is a sceptre or
a spear, and a patera in the other.
Groundline. Engraved deeply.
PubL: Aranyleltr 53/54.
For the type comp.: N M N o . 82.
7. K. 1980. Szny.
Cornelian, red. Standing oval, obverse
is slightly, rear is intensely convex,
edge and obverse are grinded later
and, because of this, some details of
the depictions have been disappeared.
Polished for the rear.
1.3 x 0,9 x 0,3 cm. 2nd century A. D.
Minerva wearing a helmet and a long
chiton stands to the front. Her head is
turned to the side. T h e r e is a patera in
stretching hand and with the other she
holds spear and shield wich rests on
the ground. Groundline.
PubL: Aranyleltr 54/59.; G E S Z T E
LYI 1998, 138 N o . 21.
36
 ll Minerva szembl, hossz chitn-
ban, feje oldalra fordtva, rajta sisak,
elrenyjtott kezben Victoria, a m
sik fldn ll pajzsn nyugszik, mel
lette drdja (Athn Parthenos t
pus). Alapvonal.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/53.
A tpushoz v.: Aquileia No. 106-116.;
Udine Nos 45-49.; Carnuntum No. 54-
58.
9. K. 1989. Lh.: Szny. Eltnt, gipszlenyo
matrl ismert.
Karneol, piros. ll ovlis, ellapja
ersen dombor. Fellete fnyezett.
1,1 x 0 , 9 x 0 , 4 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
ll Minerva mint elbb, de keze fel
emelve lndzsjt tartja.
Publiklatlan.
10. K. 1978. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, sttpiros, ttetsz. ll ov
lis, m i n d k t oldala enyhn dombor,
le az ellap fel sszetart. Ellapja
matt, htoldala fnyezett.
1,6 x 1,1 x 0,45 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
Minerva sisakos mellkpe oldalrl.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/60.
A tpushoz v.: N M No. 85.
11. K 1979. Lh. Szny. Eltnt.
Karneol, barna, ovlis, mindkt oldala
lapos, szlei rzstosak.
1,5 x 1 , 0 x 0 . 4 cm
Minerva balra nz sisakos mellkpe.
Publiklatlan.
12. K 135. Lh. Szny, Blapuszta. Eltnt.
Karneol, pirosas-srga, ovlis, lapos.
1,1 x 0 , 8 x 0 , 4 cm
Minerva jobbra nz sisakos mell
kpe.
Publiklatlan.
13. K. 1990. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, ttetsz, narancssrga, belse
jben apr pttyk. ll ovlis, mind
kt lapja dombor, le a htoldal fel
sszetart. Fnyezett, az brzols is,
ellapjn kopsnyomok, szln lepat
tant.
1,3 x 1,0 x 0,4 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
ll Minerva szembl, hossz chitn-
ban, sisakos feje oldalra fordtva, egyik
keze fldn ll pajzsn nyugszik,
mellette lndzsja, elre nyjtott ke-
8. K. 1988. Szny.
Cornelian, light orange, there is a
darker vertical line in it. Standing oval,
flat on both sides, bevelled towards
the rear. Polished, its border is broken
down on some parts.
1,3 x 1,1 x 0,25 cm. 2nd century A. D.
Minerva wearing a helmet and a long
chiton stands to the front. Her head is
turned to the side, Victory in her
stretching hand, the other is placed on
her shield standing on the ground,
next to it her spear (type of Athene
Parthenos). Groundline.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/53.
For the type comp.: kquileia Nos 106-
116.; Udine Nos 45-49.; Carnuntum
Nos 54-58.
9. K. 1989. Szny. Missing, known from plas
ter-cast.
Cornelian, red. Standing oval, obverse
is intensely convex. Polished for the
surface.
1,1 x 0,9 x 0,4 cm. 2nd century A. D .
Minerva stands as last, but in her hand
she holds her spear.
Unpublished.
10. K. 1978. Szny.
Cornelian, dark red, translucent.
Standing oval. Slightly convex on both
sides, bevelled towards the obverse.
Face is unpolished, rear polished.
1,6 x 1,1 x 0,45 cm. 2nd century A. D.
Minerva's half-length portrait in pro
file with a helmet.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/60.
For the type comp.: N M No. 85.
11. K 1979. Szny. Missing.
Cornelian, brown, oval, flat on both
sides, the borders are bevelled.
1,5 x 1,0x0.4 cm
A bust of Minerva in profile with a
helmet to the left.
Unpublished.
12. K 135. Szny, Blapuszta. Missing.
Cornelian, reddish-yellow, oval, flat.
1,1 x 0 , 8 x 0 , 4 cm
A bust of Minerva in profile with a
helmet to the right.
Unpublished.
37
 zt oltr fl tartja. Az oltr msik ol
daln Mercurius ll szembl, mezte
lenl, fejt Minerva fel fordtja, fel
emelt kezvel koszort nyjt feje fel,
msik kezben caduceust tart s al
hull kpenyt. Alapvonal.
PubL: Aranyleltr 53/52.
A tpushoz v.: Debrecen Nr. 8
(Victoria); Gadara Nr. 225 (Mars).
14. K. 1997. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, srgs-piros, ttetsz. ll
ovlis, mindkt oldala dombor, le a
htoldal fel sszetart. Fellete fnye
zett, ln ragasztmaradvnyok.
1,45 x 1,1 x 0,3 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
ll Ceres hossz chitnban, rajta
himation, k p e n y n e k vgei mindkt
karjrl alhullanak. Egyik kezvel jo
gart, a msikban kt kalszt tart. Alap
vonal.
PubL: Aranyleltr 53/45.; Brigetio
XXII/6.
15. K. 2008. Lh. Szny.
Prasem, zld, srga folttal, kiss ttet
sz, b e n n e pttys zrvnyok. ll
ovlis, mindkt oldala lapos, le a ht
oldal fel sszetart. Fellete fnye
zett.
1 , 2 x 0 , 9 5 x 0 , 4 cm. Kora: 3. sz.
ll Ceres mint elbb, de a hanyag v
ss miatt a rszletek alig felismerhet
ek.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 52/37.
16. K. 2011. Lh.: Szny
Vrsesbarna jspis. ll ovlis, mind
kt oldala lapos, le a htoldal fel
sszetart. Fellete fnyezett, az br
zols is, fels rszn lepattogzott.
1,2 x 0,9 x 0,25 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
ll Ceres szembl hossz chitnban,
oldalra fordtott fejn koszor. Fel
emelt kezben gymlccsel teli tlat
tart, a msikban kalszt. Alapvonal.
PubL: Aranyleltr 52/34.;
G E S Z T E L Y I 1998, 143/3.
17. K. 2012. Lh. Szony.
Prasem, vilgoszld, ttetsz, benne
zrvnyok s egy barns ferde csk. l
l ovlis, m i n d k t oldala lapos, le a
htoldal fel sszetart. Fellete fnye-
13. K. 1990. Szny.
Cornelian, translucent, orange, tiny
dots inside. Standing oval, convex on
both sides, bevelled towards the rear.
Polished surface and depiction, marks
of wear on its face, splitted on the bor
der.
1,3 x 1,0 x 0,4 cm. 2nd century A. D.
Minerva wearing a helmet and a long
chiton stands to the front. Her head is
turned to the side. One hand is placed
on the rim of her shield, which rest on
the ground. She stretches her hand
out over an altar. On the other side of
the altar a n u d e figur of Mercury
stands presenting a wreath to Minerva
with one hand while holding his
caduceus and chlamys in the other.
Groundline.
PubL: Aranyleltr 53/52.
For the type comp.: Debrecen N o . 8
(Victoria); Gadara No. 225 (Mars).
14. K. 1997. Szny.
Cornelian, yellowish-red, translucent.
Standing oval, convex on both sides,
bevelled toward the rear. Polished
surface, remains of glue on the edge.
1,45 x 1,1 x 0,3 cm. 2nd century A. D.
Ceres standing in a long chiton, a
himation on her, the bottoms of her
cloak are falling from her both arms.
She holds a sceptre in one hand and
two ears of corn in the other.
Groundline.
PubL: Aranyleltr 53/45.; Brigetio
XXII/6.
15. K. 2008. Szny.
Prase, green, with a yellow tarnish, it
is slightly translucent, there are with
inclusions. Standing oval, flat on both
sides, bevelled towards the rear.
Polished surface.
1,2 x 0,95 x 0,4 cm. 3rd century A. D.
Ceres standing as last, but because of
the schematic engraving the details
are hardly recognizable.
PubL: Aranyleltr 52/37.
16. K. 2011. Szny.
Reddish-brown jasper. Standing oval,
flat on both sides, bevelled towards
38
 zett, az brzols is, kopott, szln le
pattogzott.
1.3 x 0,95 x 0,3 cm. Kora: 1. sz.
Tmla nlkli trnon l Ceres hossz
chitnban, oldalrl. Elrenyjtott ke
zben kt kalszt tart, a msikkal l
helynek sarkra tmaszkodik. Alap
vonal.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 51/21.
A tpushoz v.: App. 4.
18. K. 415. Lh. Szny, fels faluvgn (Ko
mrom fell) kiosztott hztelken, kert
mvels kzben kerlt el.
gett karneol, szrke. ll ovlis, el
lapja enyhn dombor, htoldala la
pos, le a htoldal fel sszetart. El
lapja matt, htoldala fnyes, fels r
szn srlt.
1.4 x 1,1 x 0,2 cm. Kora: 1. sz.
Mars Gradivus oldalrl, derekra k
ttt k p e n y n e k vgei mindkt olda
ln elllnak, lbn csizma. Elrenyj
tott kezvel vllra tmasztott tropae-
umot tart, a msikkal drdt. Alapvo
nal.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/73.
A stlushoz v.: Nr. 42.
19. K. 1991. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, lnkpiros egy szntelen folt
tal. ll ovlis, mindkt oldala enyhn
dombor, le a htoldal fel sszetart.
Szln lepattogzott, alul egy darab le
trt.
1,35 x 1,15 x 0,3 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
L p Mars mint elbb, de sokkal fel
letesebb munka.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/51.
20. K. 383. Lh. Szny, fels faluvgn kiosz
tott hztelken (Civilvros).
Nicolopaszta. ll ovlis, fellete na
gyon kopott, porzus.
0,8 x 0,6 cm.
Bronzgyrfbe van foglalva, melynek
als rsze hinyzik.
tm.: 1,8 cm Kora: 3. sz.
Balra halad alak, valsznleg Mars
Gradivus.
Publiklatlan.
the rear. Polished surface and depic
tion, splitted at the top.
1.2 x 0,9 x 0,25 cm. 2nd century A. D.
Ceres standing front-wise in a long
chiton, with a wreath on her turned
head. She holds a bowl full of fruit in
her raised hand, and ears of corn in the
other. Groundline.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 52/34.; G E S Z T E -
LYI 1998, 143 No. 3.
17. K. 2012. Szny.
Prase, light green, translucent, with
inclusions and a brownish askew line.
Standing oval, flat on both sides, be
velled towards the rear. Polished sur
face and depiction, intense wear, split
ted on the border.
1.3 x 0,95 x 0,3 cm. 1st century A. D.
Ceres sitting on a throne without a
back wearing a long chiton, in profile.
She holds out two ears of corn with
one of her hands and with her other
hand she leans against the corner of
her seat. Groundline.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 51/21.
For the type comp.: App. 4.
18. K. 415. Szny, found on a building site in
the upper end of the village (from
Komrom) during gardening.
Burnt cornelian, grey. Standing oval,
front is slightly bulging, bevelled to
the rear. Matt surface and polished
back side, damaged at the upper part.
1.4 x 1,1 x 0,2 cm. 1st century A. D.
Mars Gradivus in profile. H e wears a
subligaculum around his waist and its
bottom ends are puffed out, boots on
his legs. H e holds out a tropaeum,
which is leant against his shoulder,
and he holds a spear with the other
hand. Groundline.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/73.
For the style comp.: No. 42.
19. K. 1991. Szny.
Cornelian, bright red with a colorless
mark. Standing oval, convex slightly
on both sides, bevelled towards the
rear. Splitted on the border, a part is
broken down at the lower part.
1,35 x 1,15 x 0,3 cm. 2nd century A. D .
39
21. K. 412. Lh.: Szony, fels faluvgn (Ko
mrom fell) kiosztott hztelken, kert
mvels kzben kerlt el.
Kalcedon, fell vastag vilgoskk, alul
vkony sttkk s szrke rtegekbl
ll. ll ovlis, mindkt oldala lapos,
le az ellap fel sszetart. Fell s
alul letredezett, az alak fejnek fele
hinyzik.
1,35 x 1,2 x 0,4 cm. Kora: 2-3. sz.
ll Mars szembl, sisakos feje oldalra
fordtva, katonai ltzkben. Felemelt
kezben drdt tart, a msikkal pajzs
ra tmaszkodik. Alapvonal.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 55/75.
22. K. 382. Lh. Szny. Fels faluvgn ki
osztott hztelken (Civilvros).
Nicolopaszta, sttkk. ll ovlis,
ellapja lapos, le az ellap fel sz-
szetart. Fellete porzus.
1,3 x 1,1 cm. Kora: 3. sz.
Bronzgyfr, melynek als fele hiny
zik, kiszgell vllakkal, kiemelked
foglalattal.
tm.: 2,2 cm. Kora: 3. sz.
ll Mars, az elbbi tkrkpe.
Publiklatlan.
A tpushoz v.: Aquileia Nr. 897.; N M .
No. 90.; Carnuntum No. 118.
23. K. 2001. Lh. Szny. Elveszett.
Karneol, piros. Ovlis, htlapja enyhn
dombor. Bal szle s alja lecsorbult.
1,7 x 1 , 2 x 0 , 4 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
L e b e g Victoria oldalrl, elre nyj
tott kezben koszort tart, bal vlln
plmag van. Lbnl bsgszaru.
Publiklatlan.
A tpushoz v.: Debrecen Nr. 15.
24. K. 1977. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, narancssrga, ttetsz, b e n n e
kisebb zrvnyok. ll ovlis, mind
kt oldala dombor, le a htoldal fel
sszetart. Fnyezett, ersen kopott,
oldaln s felletn lepattant.
1,25 x 0,95 x 0,25 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
Szikln l Mercurius oldalrl, mez
telen, egyik kezvel htulrl megt
maszkodik, a msik a csorbuls miatt
n e m maradt meg. Alapvonal.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/62.
Mars marching as last but it is much
more negligent work.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/51.
20. K. 383. Szny, found on a building site
distributed at the upper end of the vil
lage (Civilvros).
Nicolo paste. Standing oval, wear on
the surface, porous.
0,8 x 0,6 cm.
Mounted in a bronze ring, the lower
part of the hoop is lost.
Diameter: 1,8 cm. 3rd century A. D.
A figure moving to the left, might be
Mars Gradivus.
Unpublished.
21. K. 412. Szny, found on a building site in
the upper end of the village (from
Komrom) during gardening.
Chalcedony, at the upper part thick
light blue, at the bottom thin dark
blue and grey layers. Standing oval,
flat on both sides, bevelled towards
the front. At the top and bottom it is
splitted, half of the figure's head is
missing.
1,35 x 1,2 x 0,4 cm. 2-3rd century A. D .
Mars standing, frontal, head in profile,
he wears helmet, cuirass and tunic. H e
holds a spear in his raised hand, with
the other leaning against his shield.
Groundline.
P u b l : Aranyleltr 55/75.
22. K. 382. Szny, building sites distributed
at the upper end of the village.
Nicolo paste, dark blue. Standing oval,
flat on the front, bevelled towards the
front, porous surface.
1,3 x 1,1 cm. 3rd century A. D.
Bronze ring, the lower part of hoop is
lost, with protruding shoulders and ris
ing mount.
Diameter: 2,2 cm. 3rd century A. D.
Mars standing as last.
Unpublished.
For the type comp.: Aquileia No. 897.;
Svistov No. 8.; N M No. 90.; Carnuntum
No. 118.
23. K. 2001. Szny. Missing.
Cornelian, red, oval, its rear is slightly
convex. T h e left edge and the bottom
is splitted.
40
 A tpushoz v.: Udine Nr. 18-21.;
Carnuntiim Nr. 178.
25. K. 1971. Lh.: Szny.
Ametiszt, sttlila, szln vilgosabb,
ttetsz. ll ovlis, mindkt oldala la
pos, le a htoldal fel sszetart. F
nyezett, kopsnyomok, alul s fell le
tredezett.
1,1 x 0,8 x 0,2 cm. Kora: 1. sz.
ll Mercurius hromnegyed nzet
ben, feje oldalra fordtva. Meztelen,
kpenye vllrl mgtte hullik al,
elre nyjtott karjval oszlopra t
maszkodik, kezben kos fejet tart, a
msikban hrnki plcja (caduceus).
Alapvonal.
P u b l : Aranyleltr 54/66.; G E S Z T E -
LYI 1998, 143/4.
A tpushoz v.: N M Nr. 94.
26. K. 1865. Lh. Szny. Elveszett.
Piros karneol. ll ovlis.
E z s t g y r b e foglalva, m e l y n e k
karikja hengeres, de a fej fel fokoza
tosan vastagodik s szlesedik.
tm.: 2,4 cm, Sz.: 1,2 cm
Jobbra halad Mercurius elrenyjtott
baljban bursa, htra tartott jobbjn
kpenye, kezben caduceus.
27. K. 1993. Lh. Szny
Karneol, piros. ll ovlis, ellapja
enyhn, htlapja ersen dombor, le
a htoldal fel sszetart. Fnyezett, fe
lletn kopsnyomok, szln lepat
tant, htoldaln fehr folt.
1,7 x 1,5 x 0,4 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
ll Fortuna hossz chitnban, oldalra
fordtott fejn kalathos, egyik kezvel
kormnylaptot tart, a msikban b
sgszarut s alhull kpenyt. Vele
szemben Mercurius ll meztelenl,
oldalra fordtott fejn koszor, egyik
kezben kpenyt tart s caduceust, a
msikkal koszort nyjt Fortuna feje
fl. Alapvonal.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/49.
A tpushoz v.: Aquileia Nr. 629.;
Godant Nr. 93-95.
A tpushoz s a stlushoz v.:
Z I E N K I E W I C Z 1986, 136, Nr. 53.
41
1,7 x 1,2 x 0,4 cm. 2nd century A. D.
Victory walking inprofile, she is
dressed in a chiton. She holds in her
right hand a wreath and shoulders a
palm branch. At her feet a cornucopia.
Unpublished.
For the type comp.: Debrecen No. 15.
24. K. 1977. Szny.
Cornelian, orange, translucent with
smaller with inclusions. Standing oval,
convex on both sides, bevelled towards
the rear. Polished, intense wear, on the
side and the surface splitted.
1,25 x 0 , 9 5 x 0 , 2 5 cm.
2nd century A. D.
Mercury, nude sitting on a rock in pro
file, leaning back with one hand, the
other hand is missing because of the
splitting. Groundline.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/62.
For the type comp.: UdineNos 18-21.;
Carnuntum N o . 178.
25. K. 1971. Szny.
Amethyst, dark purple, brighter at the
border, translucent. Standing oval, flat
on both sides, bevelled towards the
rear. Polished, remains of wear, dam
aged at the bottom and the top.
1,1 x 0,8 x 0,2 cm. 1st century A. D.
Mercury standing in a three-quarters
view, facing to the side. N u d e , his
cloak is falling from his shoulder
behind him, he is leaning against a
column with his stretching hand, he
holds a head of a ram in one hand and
in the other his herald's staff
(caduceus). Groundline.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/66.; G E S Z T E -
LYI 1998, 143 No. 4.
For the type comp.: N M No. 94.
26. K. 1865. Szny. Missing.
Red cornelian, standing oval.
Mounted in a silver ring, which is
cylindrical on the lower part, but it is
thickenning and widening towards the
head.
Diameter: 2,4 cm
Mercury moving to the right holds a
bursa out in his left hand, cloak is over
his right arm, in his hand a caduceus.
Unpublished.
28. K. 2003. Lh. Szny.
Zld jspis, benne nhny zrvny. l
l ovlis, mindkt oldala lapos, le a
htoldal fel sszetart. Fnyezett, az
brzols is, jobb szln lepattogzott.
1,1 x 0,8 x 0,3 cm. Kora: 3. sz. els fe
le.
Sol hromnegyed szemblnzetben,
feje oldalra fordtva. Meztelen, fejn
sugrkoszor, egyik kezt dvzl tar
tsba emeli, a msik kezben ostort s
lelg kpenyt tartja. Alapvonal.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 52/42.; G E S Z -
T E L Y I 1998, 144 Nr. 5.
A stlushoz v.: Debrecen Nr. 36.
A tpushoz v.: Udine Nr. 13.; N M Nr.
142-143.
29. K. 1996. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, sttvrs, benne zrvnyok.
ll ovlis, mindkt oldala dombor,
le a htoldal fel sszetart. Fnye
zett, felletn kopsnyomok.
1,5 x 1,2 x 0,3 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
ll Diana rvid tunicban, vadsz
csizmban, derekn leng kpenye,
oldalra fordtott fejn koszor. Elre
nyjtott kezben jat tart, a msikkal
nylvesszt hz ki htn lv puzdr-
jbl, lbnl r tekint vadszkutya.
Alapvonal.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/46.
A tpushoz v.: Z I E N K I E W I C Z 1986,
135 Nr. 40., 140. Nr. 88.
30. K. 2010. Lh. Szny.
Srga, erezett fellet jspis. ll ov
lis, mindkt oldala lapos, le a htoldal
fel sszetart. Fellete fnyezett.
1,3 x 1,1 x 0,2 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
ll Fortuna hossz chitnban, oldalra
fordtott fejn kalathos, elrenyjtott
kezvel kormnylaptot tart, a msik
ban bsgszarut s alhull kpenyt.
Alapvonal.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 52/35.
31. K. 1994. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, sttvrs, b e n n e zrvnyok.
ll ovlis, ellapja lapos, htlapja
dombor, le a htoldal fel sszetart.
Fnyezett, felletn kopsnyomok s
gsfoltok, felsszln felletbl na
gyobb darab lepattant, gy tarkja,
27. K. 1993. Szny.
Cornelian, red, standing oval, front is
slightly, back intensely convex, bev
elled towards the rear. Polished, there
are remains of wear on its surface,
splitted on the border, a white mark
on the rear.
1,7 x 1,5 x 0,4 cm. 2nd century A. D.
Fortuna wearing a long chiton, stands
in profile. On her head modius, hold
ing a steering-oar in one hand, a cor
nucopia and her falling cloak in the
other. Mercury confronts her. H e is
nude a wreath on his head facing to
the side, he holds a cloak and a
caduceus in one hand, while with the
other he holds out a wreath over
Fortuna's head. Groundline.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/49.
For the type comp.: kquileia N o . 629.;
Gadara Nos 93-95.
For the type and style comp.:
Z I E N K I E W I C Z 1986, No. 53.
28. K. 2003. Szny.
Green jasper, with some inclusions.
Standing oval, flat on both sides, be
velled towards the rear. Polished
depiction, splitted on right border.
1,1 x 0 , 8 x 0 , 3 cm.
First half of the 3rd century.
Sol in a three-quarter frontal view, fac
ing to the side. N u d e , with a radiant
crown on its head, he raises his hand
in a gesture of greating, in the other
hand he holds a whip and cloak over
his arm. Groundline.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 52/42.; G E S Z T E -
LYI1998, 144 N o . 5.
For the type comp.: Udine N o . 13.;
N M Nos 142-143.
For the style comp.: Debrecen N o . 36.
29. K. 1996. Szny.
Cornelian, dark red, with inclusions.
Standing oval, convex on both sides,
bevelled towards the rear. Polished,
wear on its surface.
1,5 x 1,2 x 0,3 cm. 2nd century A. D.
Diana standing in a short tunic, in
hunting boots, with her waving cloak
around her waist and with a wreath on
his head facing to the side. She holds
42
 nyaka, a bsgszaru fels rsze hiny
zik.
1,5 x 1,3 x 0,3 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
ll Fortuna mint elbb, de fellete
sebb munka.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/48.
32. K. 1998. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, piros, benne zrvnyok. ll
ovlis, mindkt oldala lapos, le az
ellap fel sszetart. Fnyezett, el
lapjn kopsnyomok, htoldaln gs
folt.
1.0 x 0 , 8 x 0 , 3 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
ll Fortuna mint elbb, de elre
nyjtott kezben kalszt is tart.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/44.
33. K. 1999. Lh. Szny. Elveszett.
Karneol, sttpiros. Ovlis, csorbult.
1.1 x 0 , 8 x 0 , 2 cm
Fortuna jobbra fordulva ll, baljban
csszt, jobbjban kormnylaptot
tart.
Publiklatlan.
34. K. 1995. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, srgs-piros, b e n n e zrv
nyok. ll ovlis, mindkt oldala eny
hn dombor, le a htoldala fel sz-
szetart. Fnyezett, szln kopsnyo
mok.
1,5 x 1,15 x 0,3 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
L p Bonus Eventus oldalrl, mezte
lenl, kpenye vllrl hullik al, fe
jn koszor, felemelt kezben gy
mlcsstlat tart, a msikban kalszt.
Alapvonal.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/47.
35. K. 2009. Lh. Szny
Jspis, barna. ll ovlis, mindkt ol
dala lapos, le a htoldal fel sszetart.
Fnyezett, a fels szln lepattant da
rab miatt az alak fejnek fels rsze
hinyzik.
1,55 x 1,15 x 0,35 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
L p Bonus Eventus oldalrl, rvid
tunicban, felemelt kezvel vllra ve
tett lagobolont tart, melyrl vadsz
zskmnya lg le, elrenyjtott kez
ben kt kalsz. Rvid alapvonal.
out a bow in one hand and with the
other she pulls out an arrow from her
quiver, at her legs stands a dog looking
at her. Groundline.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/46.
30. K. 2010. Szny.
Yellow jasper veined on its surface.
Standing oval, flat on both sides, bev
elled to the rear. Polished.
1,3 x 1,1 x 0,2 cm. 2nd century A. D .
Fortuna standing in a long chiton,
with a modius on her head facing to
the side, holding a steering-oar out in
one hand, a cornucopia and her falling
cloak in the other. Groundline.
P u b l : Aranyleltr 52/35.
For the type comp.: Z I E N K I E W I C Z
1986, 135. No. 40., 140. N o . 88.
31. K. 1994. Szny.
Cornelian, dark red, with inclusions.
Standing oval, flat on the front, convex
on the rear, bevelled towards the rear.
Polished, remains of wear and marks
of burn on the surface, a bigger part is
splitted at the top part, so the figure's
nape, neck and the upper part of the
cornucopia are missing.
1,5 x 1,3 x 0,3 cm. 2nd century A. D .
Fortuna standing as last but a more
negligent work.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/48.
32. K. 1998. Szny
Cornelian, red, with inclusions.
Standing oval, flat on both sides, bev
elled towards the front. Polished,
remains of wear on the front, a mark of
burn on the back.
1.0 x 0,8 x 0,3 cm. 2nd century A. D .
Fortuna standing as last but she holds
out an ear of corn as well.
P u b l : Aranyleltr 53/44.
33. K. 1999. Szny. Missing.
Cornelian, dark red, oval, splitted.
1.1 x 0 , 8 x 0 , 2 cm
Fortuna is standing facing to the right,
holds a patera in her left, while in her
right a steering-oar.
Unpublished.
43
 Publ.: Aranyleltr 52/36.; Brigetio
XXII/4.
A tpushoz v.: N M Nr. 138.; Carnun-
tum Nr. 543
36. K. 1976. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, narancssrga, ttetsz. ll
ovlis, mindkt oldala lapos, le a ht
oldal fel sszetart. Fnyezett.
0,9 x 0,7 x 0,25 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
L p M e t h oldalrl, meztelenl,
vllrl kpeny hullik al, felemelt ke
zben ivcsszt tart szjhoz, a m
sikban thyrsus, melyen szalagok lo
bognak. Alapvonal.
Publiklatlan.
37. K. 2002. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, srgs-piros, ttetsz. ll
ovlis, mindkt oldala dombor, le a
htoldal fel sszetart. Fnyezett, az
brzols is, szle letredezett.
1,5 x 1,1 x 0,25 cm. Kora: 1. sz.
Az ifj Hercules mellkpe oldalrl, ru
htlan fels teste hromnegyed htul-
nzetben, vlln bunkja.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 52/43.
38. K. 2004. Lh. Szny.
Jspis, barna. ll ovlis, mindkt ol
dala lapos, le a htoldal fel sszetart.
Fnyezett, az brzols is, fell kis s
rls.
1,1 x 1 x 0,4 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
Az ifj Hercules mellkpe oldalrl,
vlln oroszlnbrrel.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 52/41.; Brigetio
XXII/2.
A tpushoz v.: Zalau Nr. 43.
39. K. 137. Lh. Szny, Blapuszta
Jspis, sttvrs. ll ovlis, mindkt
oldala lapos, le a htoldal fel ssze
tart. Matt fny, fell csorbult, letrt
darab visszaragasztva, fekete ragaszt
maradvnyok.
1,4 x 1,2 x 0,3 cm. Kora: 2. sz. vge.
Ifj szatr mellkpe oldalrl, vlln
nebris.
Publ.: G E S Z T E L Y I 1978.; Brigetio
XXII/1.
A stlushoz v.: Nr. 6, 62.; Gadara Nr.
253.; N M Nr. 33.
44
34. K. 1995. Szny.
Cornelian, yellowish-red, with inclu
sions. Standing oval, slightly convex
on both sides, bevelled towards the
rear. Polished, remains of wear on the
border.
1,5 x 1,15 x 0,3 cm. 2nd century A. D.
Bonus Eventus in profile, n u d e , the
cloak falls from the shoulder, with a
wreath on the head, he holds a bowl of
fruit in one hand and in the other an
ear of corn. Groundline.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/47.
35. K. 2009. Szny.
Brown jasper. Standing oval, flat on
both sides, bevelled towards the rear.
Polished, for a splitted part at the top
the upper part of the figure's head is
missing.
1,55x1,15x0,35 cm. 2nd century A. D .
Bonus Eventus in profile, in a short
tunic, he holds a lagobolon over his
shoulder in the raised hand, from
which his hunting spoils are hanging,
in the other hand he holds out two
ears of corn. Short groundline.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 52/36.; Brigetio
XXII/4.
For the type comp.: N M No. 138.;
Carnuntum No. 543.
36. K. 1976. Szny.
Cornelian, orange, translucent.
Standing oval, flat on both sides, bev
elled towards the rear. Polished.
0,9 x 0,7 x 0,25 cm. 2nd century A. D.
M e t h e in profile, nude with a cloak
falling from her shoulder, holding a
cup in the raised hand, and in the
other a thyrsus with ribbon.
Groundline.
Unpublished.
37. K. 2002. Szny.
Cornelian, yellowish-red, translucent.
Standing oval, convex on both sides,
bevelled towards the rear. Polished for
the depiction as well, splitted on the
border.
1,5 x 1,1 x 0,25 cm. 1st century A. D .
Bust of young Hercules in profile, his
nude upper body is in three-quarter
40. K. 740.c. Lh. Szny, Argai Jnos kovcs
mester hztelke. Fldsr, mellkletei:
a.) kancs, b.) mcses, c.) gyr,
Traianus dnrja s Hadrianus
dupondiusa. Eltnt, gipszlenyomatrl
ismert.
Nicolopaszta, j minsg. ll ovlis,
ellapja lapos, pereme rzss.
1,1 x 0,9 cm.
Vkony bronzgyrbe van foglalva,
rajta pontsoros dszts, a gyr als
rsze hinyzik.
Atm.: 2,1 cm. Kora: Kr. u. 1. sz. vge.
Achilleus ll oldalrl, meztelenl, k
penye mgtte vllrl hull al. Te
kintete elrenyjtott kezben tartott
sisakjra irnyul, msik kezben ln
dzsja, lba eltt pajzsa. Alapvonal.
Publiklatlan.
A tpushoz v.: Britannia 1, 1970, 252.
Xanten Nr. 195.; Debrecen Nr. 63.;
Carnuntum Nr. 490-494.
41. K. 2000. Lh. Szny. Eltnt.
Karneol, vilgos-piros. ll ovlis,
csorbult.
2 x 1,3 x 0,3 cm. Kora: 2-3. sz.
Caracalla ll szembl, katonai ltzk
ben, oldalra fordtott fejn koszor,
egyik kezben drdja s kpenye, a
msikban patera, melyet g oltr fl
tart. Alapvonal.
Publiklatlan.
A stlushoz s a motvumhoz: Wien III
Nr. 1652.; N M Nr. 199.
42. K. 416. Lh. Szny, fels faluvgn (Ko
mrom fell) kiosztott hztelken, kert
mvels kzben kerlt el.
Karneol, sttvrs. ll ovlis, mind
kt oldala lapos, le a htoldal fel
sszetart. F n y e z e t t , szln srlt,
fell az brzols kis rsze is hinyzik.
1,5 x 1,1 x 0,25 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
Fell capricornus, alatta kormnylapt
s delfin.
P u b l : Aranyleltr 54/72.
A tpushoz v.: Geneve II Nr. 585.
A stlushoz v.: Nr. 18.
43. K. 168. L h . Szny, Blapuszta.
Elveszett.
Karneol, vrs, fekv ovlis.
1,5 x 1,1 x 0,3 cm
45
back view, with his butt on his shoul
der.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 52/43.
38. K. 2004. Szny.
Brown jasper, standing oval, flat on
both sides, bevelled towards the rear.
Polished depiction as well, with some
damaged parts at the top.
1,1 x 1 x 0,4 cm. 2nd century A. D.
Bust of young Hercules in profile,
with a lion's skin on his shoulder.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 52/41.; Brigetio
XXII/2.
For the type comp.: Zalau No. 43.
39. K. 137. Szny, Blapuszta.
Dark red jasper. Standing oval, flat on
both sides, bevelled towards the rear.
Polishing dull, splitted at the upper
part, the broken part is sticked back,
black remainings of glue.
1,4 x 1,2 x 0,3 cm.
End of the 2nd century.
Bust of a young satyr in profile with a
nebris on his shoulder.
Publ.: G E S Z T E L Y I 1978.; Brigetio
XXII/1.
For the style comp.: N o s 6, 62.;
Gadara N o . 253.; N M N o . 33.
40. K. 740.C. Szny, the building site of the
smith, master Jnos Argai. A grave in
the soil, its grave-goods: a.) a jar, b.) a
lucerna, c.) a ring, a denarius of Traian
and a dupondius of Hadrian. Missing,
known from a plaster-cast.
Nicolo paste of good quality. Standing
oval, flat on the front, its border is bev
elled.
1,1 x 0,9 cm.
Mounted in a thin bronze ring, with a
dotted-lined decoration, the lower
part of the hoop is lost.
Diam.: 2,1 cm. E n d of 1st century A. D .
Achilles standing in profile, his cloak
falls behind him from his shoulder. H e
is glancing at his helmet, which is held
out in one hand, in the other his spear,
in front of his leg a shield. Groundline.
Unpublished.
For the type comp.: Britannia 1, 1970,
252 ff; Xanten No. 195.; Debrecen N o .
63.; Carnuntum Nos 490-494.
 Capricornus oldalrl, hts fele fltt
bsgszaru, alatta kormnylapt,
melynek rdjt lbaival tartja.
Publiklatlan.
A tpushoz v.: Britain Nr. 407.;
Carnuntum Nr. 862-864 (fldgmb
bel).
44. K. ? Lh. Sz'ny.
veg, vilgossrga. F e k v ovlis,
mindkt oldala lapos, le egyenes, pe
reme rzss. Fellete ersen kopott,
porzus.
1.2 x 1,1 x 0,5 cm. Kora: 2/3. sz.
L p oroszln.
Publiklatlan.
A tpushoz v.: Debrecen Nr. 81., 85.;
Gorsium Nr. 24.
45. K. 2015. Lh. Szny.
Nicolopaszta. F e k v ovlis, htoldala
enyhn homor, le az ellap fel sz-
szetart. Ellapja ersen megkopott,
szln lepattant, szerkezete porzus.
0,7 x 0,85 x 0,2 cm. Kora: 2-3. sz.
L p oroszln.
Publiklatlan.
46. K. 1983. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, srgs-piros, ttetsz. F e k v
ovlis, ellapja ersen, htoldala eny
hn dombor, le az ellap fel ssze
tart. Fnyezett, felletn kopsnyo
mok.
1.3 x 1,0 x 0,4 cm. Kora: 1. sz.
Legelsz l oldalrl, lbai lp hely
zetben, eltte fszlak. Alapvonal.
Publiklatlan.
A tpushoz v.: Aquikia Nr. 1067.
47. K. 2007. Lh. Szny
Jspis, sttbarna. F e k v ovlis, mind
kt oldala lapos, le a htoldal fel
sszetart. Ellapja s le fnyezett, az
brzols is, felletn kopsnyomok,
htoldala utlag lecsiszolva.
1,7 x 1,35 x 0,3 cm. Kora: 1. sz.
Legel l mint elbb, gondosan v
sett, legmblytett formk.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 52/38.; Brigetio
XXII/9.; G E S Z T E L Y I 1998, 139. Nr.
28.
A stlushoz v.: Nr. 64.; Zalau Nr. 50.;
Gadara Nr. 284., 348.
41. K. 2000. Szny. Missing.
Cornelian, light-red. Standing oval,
chipped.
2 x 1,3 x 0,3 cm. 2-3rd century A. D .
Caracalla in cuirass and tunic, wreath
on his head turning left holding a pa
tera above an altar, which is on fire; in
his left hand holds a spear and gar
ment over the arm. Groundline.
Unpublished.
For the style and motiv: Wien III No.
1652.; N M N o . 199.
42. K. 416. Szny, found on a building site in
the upper end of the village (from
Komrom) during gardening.
Cornelian, dark red. Standing oval, flat
on both sides, bevelled towards the
rear. Polished, damaged on the border,
a small part of the depiction is also
missing at the top.
1,5 x 1,1 x 0,25 cm. 2nd century A. D.
Capricorn at the top, a steering-oar
and a dolphin under it.
P u b l : Aranyleltr 54/72.
For the type comp.: Geneve II No. 585.
For the style comp.: No. 18.
43. K. 168. Szny, Blapuszta. Missing.
Cornlien, red, lying oval.
1,5 x 1,1 x 0,3 cm
Capricorn in profile, on its back a cor
nucopia, a steering-oar under it.
Unpublished.
For the type comp.: Britain N o . 407.;
Carnuntum. Nos 862-864 (with globus).
44. K. ? Szny.
Glass, yellow. Lying oval, flat on both
sides, the edge is straight, the border
is bevelled. Intense wear for the sur
face, porous.
1,2 x 1,1 x 0,5 cm. 2-3rd century A. D .
Lion walking.
Unpublished.
For the type comp.: Debrecen Nos 81.,
85.; Gorsium No. 24.
45. K. 2015. Szny.
Nicolo paste. Lying oval, its back is
slightly convex, bevelled towards the
front. Intense wear for the front, split-
ted on the edge, porous.
46
48. K. 2005. Lh. Szny. Elveszett.
Vrs jspis. F e k v ovlis. Htlapjn
srlt.
1.1 x 1,0x0,2 cm.
Balra halad l.
Publiklatlan.
49. 72.104.1. Lh.: Szny.
Nicolo, vilgoskk-sttkk rteg.
F e k v ovlis, mindkt oldala lapos,
le egyenes, pereme rzss.
0,8 x 1 cm.
Aranygyrbe van foglalva. Karikja
majdnem gmbly, a foglalat fel
szlesed s kt kifel hajl volutban
vgzd vllt 2-2 prhuzamos vonal
dszti.
tmrje: 2,2 cm. Kora: 3. sz.
Oldalt ll diszn, eltte fa, melynek
ga fl hajlik. Alapvonal.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 52/31.
A gyrformhoz v.: H E N K E L
1913, Nr. 241. Taf. XII; GyorNr. 12.
50. K. 138. Lh. Szny, Blapuszta.
Jspis, srga. ll ovlis, mindkt ol
dala lapos, le a htoldal fel sszetart.
Fnyezett.
1.2 x 1 x 0,25 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
Kzfogs, melyen ll sas, s bsg
szaru, ez utbbi fltt pillang(?) lt
hat.
Publ.: Brgetio XXII/8.; Aranyleltr
55/76.
51. K. 1984. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, piros, ttetsz. ll ovlis,
mindkt oldala dombor, lapjai lben
tallkoznak. Fnyezett, felletn ko
psnyomok, htoldaln utlagos csi
szols, alul a szle lepattant.
1,5 x 1,2 x 0,45 cm. Kora: 1. sz.
Kerek bzison ll sas, htrafordtott
csrben koszort tart.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/57.; G E S Z T E -
LYI 1998., 139. Nr. 30.
A tpushoz v.: N M Nr. 217-218.;
Carnuntum Nr. 756.
52. K. 1986. Lh.: Szny.
Karneol, sttpiros, ttetsz. ll ov
lis, mindkt oldala dombor, le a ht
oldal fel sszetart. Matt fny, felle
tn kopsnyomok.
0,7 x 0,85 x 0,2 cm. 2-3rd century A. D.
Lion walking.
Unpublished.
46. K. 1983. Szny.
Cornelian, yellowish-red, translucent.
Lying oval, its front is intensely, its
back is slightly convex, bevelled
towards the front. Polished, remains of
wear on the surface.
1,3 x 1,0 x 0,4 cm. 1st century A. D.
Grazing horse in profile. Groundline.
Unpublished.
For the type comp.: Aquikia No. 1067.
47. K. 2007. Szny.
Dark brown jasper. Lying oval, flat on
both sides, bevelled towards the rear.
Polished surface and depiction, rema
ins of wear on the surface, the rear
grinded later.
1,7 x 1,35 x 0,3 cm. 1st century A. D.
Grazing horse as last, carefully
engraved, rounded forms.
P u b l : Aranyleltr 52/38.; Brgetio
XXII/9.; G E S Z T E L Y I 1998, 139 N o .
28.
For the style comp.: N o . 64.; Zalau
No. 50.; Gadara Nos 284, 348.
48. K. 2005. Szny. Missing.
Red jasper. Lying oval. Damaged on
the back.
1,1 x 1,0 x 0,2 cm.
A horse walking to the left.
Unpublished.
49. 72.104.1. Szny.
Nicolo, light blue with a dark blue
layer. Lying oval, flat on both sides, its
edge is straight, its border is bevelled.
0,8 x 1 cm.
Mounted in a gold ring. Its hoop is
almost round, widening towards the
mounting, the shoulders are engraved
with parallel lines and scroll-shaped
motifs.
Diameter: 2,2 cm. 3rd century A. D .
A boar facing to the side, a tree in front
of it the branch of which is bending
over the boar. Groundline.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 52/31.
For the ring type comp.: H E N K E L
1913, N o . 241., Taf. XII.; Gyr No. 12.
47
 1,2 x 0,9 x 0,4 cm. Kora: 1. sz.
Fl lbon ll glya oldalrl, felemelt
lbval lituust tart, melyet fjni k
szl. Lba eltt az alapvonalbl folyta
td gyzelmi g.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/55.
53. K. 1981. Lh.: Szny. Eltnt, gipszlenyo
matrl ismert.
Karneol, vilgos narancssrga, ttetsz.
F e k v ovlis, mindkt oldala lapos,
le a htoldal fel sszetart. Fnye
zett.
0,9 x 1,1 x 0,2 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
Kakas tmadllsban, oldalrl, eltte
gyzelmi g. Alapvonal.
Publiklatlan.
A tpushoz v.: Gaule, Nr. 754.;
Dalmatia Nr. 244.; N M Nr. 226.
54. K. 2014. Lh.: Szny.
Nicolopaszta. F e k v ovlis, mindkt
oldala lapos, le az ellap fel ssze
tart. Fellete kopott, porzus.
1,25 x 0,9 x 0,3 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
Kt kakas ll egymssal szemben.
Egyik kicsit feljebb, csrben
valsznleg gyzelmi koszort tart.
Alapvonal.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 51/23.
A tpushoz v.: Britain Nr. 681.;
Valkenburg Nr. 5.
55. K. 413. Lh.: Szny, fels faluvgn (Ko
mrom fell) kiosztott hztelken, kert
mvels kzben kerlt el.
Fstkvarc, szrke, foltos, ttetsz.
F e k v ovlis, mindkt oldala lapos,
le az ellap fel sszetart. Fnyezett,
peremn lepattogzott.
0,8 x 0,7 x 0,4 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
ll madr oldalrl. Alapvonal.
P u b l : Aranyleltr 54/74.
56. K. 1590. (nem egyezik a leltrknyvvel)
Lh. Szny.
Nicolopaszta, sttkk. Fekv ovlis,
ellapja lapos, le az ellap fel ssze
tart. Fellete porzus, kzpen nagy
lgbubork, brzolsa alig ismerhet
fel.
0,8 x 1,1 cm. Kora: 3. sz.
Delfin(P).
Publiklatlan.
50. K. 138. Szny, Blapuszta.
Yellow jasper. Standing oval, flat on
both sides, bevelled to t h e rear.
Polished.
1,2 x 1 x 0,25 cm. 2nd century A. D.
Clasped right hands, on which a stand
ing eagle and a cornucopia are seen.
Above the later mentioned one a but-
terfly(?) is seen.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 55/76.; Brigetio
XXII/8.
51. K. 1984. Szny.
Cornelian, red, translucent. Standing
oval, convex on both sides, its plates
meet in edges. Polished, remains of
wear on the surface, an additional
grinding on the back, the edge is split-
ted at the lower part.
1,5 x 1,2 x 0,45 cm. 1st century A. D.
Eagle on a round basis, holds a wreath
in its beak turned back.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/57, G E S Z T E L Y I
1998, 139 No. 30.
For the type comp.: N M Nos 217-
218.; Carnuntum No. 756.
52. K. 1986. Szny.
Cornelian, dark red, translucent.
Standing oval, convex on both sides,
bevelled towards the rear. Polishing
dull, remains of wear on the surface.
1,2 x 0,9 x 0,4 cm. 1st century A. D.
A stork standing on one leg in profile,
holding a cornu in its raised leg. It is
preparing to blow the cornu. In front
of its leg there is a branch of victory
coming out of the groundline.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/55.
53. K. 1981. Szny. Missing, known from a
plaster-cast.
Cornelian, light orange, translucent.
Lying oval, flat on both sides, bevelled
towards the rear. Polished.
0,9 x 1,1 x 0,2 cm. 2nd century A. D.
Fighting cockerel, in front of it a
branch of victory. Groundline.
Unpublished.
For the type comp.: Gaule N o . 754.;
Dalmatia No. 244.; N M No. 226.
54. K. 2014. Szny.
Nicolo paste. Lying oval, flat on both
sides, bevelled towards t h e front.
48
57. K. 1985. Lh.: Szny.
Karneol, sttpiros. ll ovlis, ellap
ja enyhn, htoldala ersen dombor,
lapjai lben tallkoznak. Fnyezett,
alul, fell letredezett.
1,45 x 1,25 x 0,45 cm. Kora: 1. sz.
Hangya fellnzetben.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/56.; Brigetio
XXII/7.; G E S Z T E L Y I 1998, 139. Nr.
31.
58. K. 417. Lh. Szny, fels faluvgn (Ko
mrom fell) kiosztott hztelken, kert
mvels kzben kerlt el.
Nicolopaszta. F e k v ovlis, ellapja
lapos, htoldala egyenetlen, le az el
lap fel sszetart. Fellete kopott s
porzus, brzolsa alig felismerhet,
fell letredezett.
1,25 x 1 x 0,25 cm. Kora: 2. sz. vge.
Haj oldalrl, b e n n e hrom l alak
kal.
Publiklatlan.
A tpushoz v.: Aquileia Nr. 1476.;
Xanten Nr. 109.
59. K. 1974. Lh. Szny.
Kalcedon, tejfehr, ttetsz. ll ov
lis, mindkt oldala ersen dombor,
lapjai lben tallkoznak. Fnyezett,
fellete kopott, htoldala utlag lecsi
szolva.
1 , 2 x 0 , 9 x 0 , 5 cm.
Kora: koracsszrkori.
Villmkteg, kzpen sszefont, sz
leken m e a n d e r v o n a l formj vill
mokkal, fogjnl szrnyak.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/64.
A tpushoz v.: Britain Nr. 414.
60. K. 1975. Lh. Szny.
Nicolo, vilgoskk, sttkk rteggel.
F e k v ovlis, mindkt oldala lapos,
le egyenes, pereme mindkt oldalon
rzss. Fnyezett, a szle flkrben
letredezett.
1,45 x 1,2 x 0,3 cm. Kora: 1. sz.
Fldre helyezett fegyverek: kt lb
vrt, mellvrt, kt egyms mellett ll
drda, pajzs, rajta sisak. Alapvonal.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/63.
Degradation can be seen on its sur
face, porous.
1,25 x 0,9 x 0,3 cm. 2nd century A. D.
Two opposing cockerels in profile.
T h e u p p e r standing one holds a
wreath in its beack, the other's head is
lowered. Groundline.
P u b l : Aranyleltr 51/23.
For the type comp.: Britain N o . 681.;
Valkenburg No. 5.
55. K. 413. Szny, found on the building site
distributed at the upper end of the vil
lage during gardening.
Smoky quartz, grey, marked, translu
cent. Lying oval, flat on both sides,
bevelled towards the front. Polished,
splitted on the border.
0,8 x 0,7 x 0,4 cm. 2nd century A. D.
A standing bird in profile. Groundline.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/74.
56. K. 1590. (it does not match with the
inventory) Szny.
Nicolo paste, dark blue. Lying oval,
flat on the front, bevelled towards the
front. Its surface is porous, with a big
bubble in the middle, its depiction is
hardly recognizable.
0,8 x 1,1 cm. 3rd century A. D.
A dolphin(P).
Unpublished.
57. K. 1985. Szny.
Cornelian, dark red. Standing oval, its
front is slightly, its back is intensely
convex, its plates m e e t in the edges.
Polished, splitted at the lower and
upper parts.
1,45 x 1,25 x 0,45 cm. 1st century A. D.
Ant, above view.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/56.; Brigetio
XXII/7.; G E S Z T E L Y I 1998, 139 N o .
31.
58. K. 417. Szny, found on the building site
distributed at the upper end of the vil
lage during gardening.
Nicolo paste. Lying oval, flat on the
front, the back is rough, bevelled
towards the front. Its surface is flat
tered and porous, the depiction is
49
61. K. 1982. Lh.: Szny.
Karneol, narancssrga, ttetsz. ll
ovlis, ellapja dombor, htoldala la
pos, le az ellap fel sszetart. F
nyezett, szln lepattogzott, repedt.
1 , 0 x 0 , 9 x 0 , 4 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
Maszk oldalrl.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/58.
62. K. 136. Lh. Szny, Blapuszta (eke utn
tallt lelet).
Jspis, vrs. F e k v ovlis, mindkt
oldala lapos, le a htoldal fel ssze
tart. Fnyezett, szln letrt.
1,15 x 1,55 x 0,3 cm. Kora: 1-2. sz.
Sas-fej oldalrl, mely htul Silnos-,
alul Pn-maszkban vgzdik.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 52/40.
A tpushoz v.: Zalau Nr. 4 1 , 63,
Z I E N K I E W I C Z 1986, 138. Nr. 70.
A stlushoz v.: Nr. 5, 39.
63. K. 131. Lh. Szny, Vsrtr (s utn).
Elveszett.
Karneol, piros.
Profilos bronz gyrbe van foglalva.
tmr 2,4 cm
Felkantrozott sas-fej.
Publiklatlan.
64. K. 2006. Lh. Szny.
Jspis, sttbarna. F e k v ovlis, mind
kt oldala lapos, le a htoldal fel
sszetart. Fnyezett, az brzols is,
htoldaln ragasztmaradvnyok.
1 x 1,2 x 0,2 cm. Kora: 1-2. sz.
Lefel fordtott csigahzbl kiugr
kutya.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 52/39.; G E S Z T E -
LYI 1998, 139. N o . 27.
A tpushoz v.: Britain Nr. 391.;
Carnuntum Nr. 953-955.
A stlushoz v.: Nr. 47.
65. K. 2171. Lh. Szny, Civilvros I.
Heliotrop: sttzld jspis srn be
hintve vrs pttykkel. M i n d k t ol
dala lapos, le a htoldal fel sszetart.
Fellete fnyezett, az brzols is,
szlein lepattogzott.
1,4 x 1,15 x 0,25 cm. Kora: 3. sz.
hardly recognizable, splitted at the
top.
l,25xlx 0,25 cm. End of 2nd century.
A ship, side view with three sitting fig
ures in it.
Unpublished.
For t h e type comp.: Aquileia N o .
1476.; Xanten No. 109.
59. K. 1974. Szny.
Chalcedony, milk-white, translucent.
Standing oval, convex on both sides,
its plates m e e t in the edge. Polished,
the surface is flattered, additional
grinding on the back.
1 , 2 x 0 , 9 x 0 , 5 cm.
Early imperial period.
T h u n d e r b o l t with zig-zag flashes, two
short wings spring from the central
boss.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/64.
For the type comp.: Britain No. 414.
60. K. 1975. Szny.
Nicolo, light blue, with a dark blue
layer. Lying oval, flat on both sides,
the edge is straight, the border is bev
elled on both sides. Polished, the edge
is splitted in a semi-circle.
1,45 x 1,2 x 0,3 cm. 1st century A. D .
Panoply of arms lying on the ground,
two pairs of greaves, two spears stand
ing near each other, a shield with a
helmet on it. Groundline.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/63.
61. K. 1982. Szny.
Cornelian, orange, translucent. Stand
ing oval, convex on the front, flat on
the rear, bevelled towards the front.
Polished, splitted and cracked on the
edge.
1,0 x 0,9 x 0,4 cm. 2nd century A. D .
Mask in profile.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 53/58.
62. K. 136. Szny, Blapuszta (found after
ploughing).
Red jasper. Lying oval, flat on both
sides, bevelled towards the rear.
Polished, broken on the edge.
50
Kgy lb, kakas fej, katonai ltz
ket visel Abraxas-alak, felemelt ke
zben ostor, a msikban kerek pajzs.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 51/28.; G E S Z T E -
LYI 1998, 146 Nr. 18.
51
1 , 1 5 x 1 , 5 5 x 0 , 3 cm.
l-2nd century A. D.
Head of an eagle in profile, which
ends in a mask of Silenos on the back
and in a mask of Pan at the bottom.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 52/40.
For the type comp.: Zalau Nos 41.,
63.; Z I E N K I E W I G Z 1986, 138. No.
70.
For the style comp.: Nos 5, 39.
63. K. 131. Szny, Vsrtr (after digging).
Missing.
Red cornelian.
Mounted in a profiled bronze ring.
Diameter: 2,4 cm
Bridled head of an eagle.
Unpublished.
64. K. 2006. Szny.
Dark brown jasper. Lying oval, flat on
both sides, bevelled towards the rear.
Polished for the depiction as well,
remains of glue on the rear.
1 x 1,2 x 0,2 cm. l-2nd century A. D.
Dog leaping from a shell.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 52/39.; G E S Z T E -
LYI 1998, 139 No. 27.
For the type comp.: Britain N o . 391.;
Carnuntum Nos 953-955.
For the style comp.: N o . 47.
65. K. 2171. Szny, Civilvros I.
Heliotrop, dark green jasper sprinkled
with red dots. Flat on both sides, bev
elled towards the rear. Polished, for
the depiction as well, splitted on the
edge.
1,4 x 1,15 x 0,25 cm. 3rd century A. D .
Cock-headed Abraxas anguiped wear
ing a military garment. H e holds a
whip in his raised hand and in the
other a round shield.
P u b l : Aranyleltr 51/28.; G E S Z T E -
LYI 1998, 146 No. 18.
Kamek
66. K. 1967. Lh. Sz'ny.
Szardonix, tejfehr-sttkk szrke-
vilgosszrke rteg. Szablytalan ala
k, htoldala egyenetlen. Fnyezett,
alul nagyobb darab letrt, orra trede
zett.
1,1 x 1,0 x 0,6 cm. Kora: 2. sz.
Gorgf hromnegyed szembl nzet
ben, halntka fltt szrnyak, haj
frtjei hosszan lehullanak.
Publ.: Brigetio XXIII/4.; Aranyleltr
54/68.
A tpushoz v.: N M Nr. 269-270.;
Hermitage Nr. 300-352.; Del. Leonis Nr.
458-459.; ContentNi. 156-164.
67. 72.104.2. Lh.: Szny, Polgrvros.
Szardonix, tejfehr-sttkk rteg.
Fellete fnyezett.
2 x 2,5 cm.
Antik aranyfoglalata ttrt peltasorral
(opus interrasile) van krlvve.
tm.: 3 x 3,6 cm.
Kora: koracsszrkori.
Szikln l Ganymds oldalrl, fels
testt kpenye takarja, fejrl lepel
hullik vllra. Egyik kezvel a mgt
te lv sziklatmbre tmaszkodik, a
msikkal lben kantharost tart. Vele
szemben felemelt szrny sas ll fl
lbbal a fldn, fl lbbal az ifj trd
re tmaszkodva, s a kantharosbl k
szl inni. Alapvonal. Az alakok oldal
nzetbl, enyhn a nz fel fordtva
vannak brzolva, a nyugodt, kiegyen
slyozott kompozci s a gondos ki
dolgozs koracsszrkori munkra vall.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 51/20.; G E S Z T E -
LYI 1998, 144 No. 6.
A tmhoz v.: S I C H T E R M A N N
1988.
A tpushoz v.: Britain No. 474.
68. K. 132. Lh.: Szny, Blapuszta. Sznts
kzben talltk.
Szardonix, tejfehr-sttkk-vilgos
k k rteg. ll ovlis, htoldala la-
Cameos
66. K. 1967. Szny.
Sardonyx, milk-white-dark blue, grey-
light grey layered. Irregular, its rear is
rough. Polished, a bigger part is bro
ken down at the bottom, the nose is
damaged.
1,1 x 1,0 x 0,6 cm. 2nd century A. D.
M e d u s a head from three-quarters
view, above its nape wings, his tufts of
hair are long.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/68.; Brigetio
XXIII/4.
For the type comp.: N M Nos 269-
270.; Hermitage Nos 300-352.; Del.
Leonis Nos 458-459.; Content Nos 156-
164.
67. 72.104.2. Szny, Civilian town.
Sardonyx, milk-white-dark blue lay
ered. Polished.
2 x 2,5 cm.
Its antique mounting is rounded with
filigree pelta lines (opus interrasile).
Diam.: 3 x 3,6 cm.
Early imperial period.
Ganymede in profile sitting on a rock,
his upper body is covered by a cloak
while, from his head a veil is falling
onto his shoulder. With one hand he
leans against the rock behind him, in
the other one he holds a kantharos in
his lap. An eagle is standing on one leg
opposite him with its wings up and
with the other leg it leans against the
youth's k n e e and preparing to drink
from the kantharos. Groundline. T h e
figures are depicted in profile facing
slightly towards the spectator, calm,
balanced composition and the
detailed engraving refers to a work
from the early imperial period.
P u b l : Aranyleltr 51/20.; G E S Z T E -
LYI 1998, 144 No. 6.
For the topic comp.: S I C H T E R
M A N N 1988, 161 f.
For the type comp.: Britain No. 474.
52
 pos, le szablytalanul lecsiszolva. F
nyezett, ersen alvsett, mellrsz
bl kis darab letrt.
1,4 x 0,9 x 0,6 cm.
Kora: 2. sz. msodik fele.
Ni mellkp oldalrl, vlln tunica.
Haja a fejtethz simul, homloka s
halntka fltt sszefonva krbefut, a
nyakszirten kontyba van sszefogva. A
haj a flet eltakarja.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 55/80.; Brigetio
XXIII/5.;
A tpushoz v.: N M Nr. 279.; Sofia Nr.
296.; Hermitage Nr. 280-283.;
M E G O W 1987, F 6.
69. K. 1965. Lh. Szny.
Szardonix, tejfehr-sttkk-vilgos
kk rteg. ll ovlis, htoldala e-
gyenetlen. Fnyezett, ersen alv
sett, orr s ll letredezett.
2,4 x 1,5 x 0,75 cm.
Kora: 3. sz. els fele.
Ni mellkp oldalrl, krbecsavart k
penye felnk nz vllt szabadon
hagyja. Htrafslt haja nyakszirtjn
keskeny fonatba van sszefogva, s
onnan a fejtetig visszavezetve. A haj
a flet szabadon hagyja.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 55/77.; Brigetio
XXIII/2.;
A tpushoz v.: N M Nr. 281.; Sofia Nr.
297.; Beograd Nr. 46-49.; M E G O W
1987, F 35-37.; Romula Nr. 1.
70. K. 1966. Lh. Szny.
Szard, vilgosszrke-fekete rteg.
F e k v ovlis, htoldala egyenetlen.
Ellapja fnyezett.
1,3 x 1,2 x 0,3 cm.
Kora: 2. sz. msodik fele.
Kt sorban elhelyezett felirat:
EYTYXI MAKAPI, vkony kerettel
krlvve.
Publ.: B I L K E I 1979, 26/6.; Aranyleltr
54/69.; S E G 1979/1034.; C I G P 12/69.
Hasonl jkvnsg: N M Nr. 261.
53
68. K. 132. Szny, Blapuszta, found during
ploughing.
Sardonyx, milk-white-dark blue-light
blue layered. Standing oval, flat on the
rear, its edge grinded anomalously.
Polished, under graved hard, a little
piece is broken down from the upper
part.
1,4 x 0,9 x 0,6 cm. Second part of 2nd
century A. D.
A bust of a woman in profile, a tunic
on her shoulder. H e r hair is adhered
closely to the top of her head, running
braided above her forehead and tem
ple, and is gathered in a bun on the
nape. T h e hair covers the ears.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 55/80; Brigetio
XXIII/5.
For the type comp.: N M N o . 279.;
Sofia No. 296.; Hermitage Nos 280-
283.; M E G O W 1987, F 6.
69. K. 1965. Szny.
Sardonyx, milk-white-dark-blue-light
blue layered. Standing oval. T h e rear
side is rough. Polished, undergraved
hard, the nose and the chin are dam
aged.
2,4 x 1,5x0,75 cm.
First part of 3rd century A. D.
Bust of a woman in profile, her round-
twisted cloak lets her shoulder facing
us uncovered. H e r combed-back hair
is braided in a narrow plait, and driven
back to the top of the head. T h e hair
leaves the ears uncovered.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 55/77.; Brigetio
XXIII/2.;
For the type comp.: N M No. 281.; Sofia
No. 297.; Beograd Nos 4649.; M E G O W
1987, F 35-37.; RomufaNo. 1.
70. K. 1966. Szny.
Sard, light grey-black layered. Lying
oval, the rear side is rough. Polished
for the face.
1,3 x 1,2 x 0,3 cm.
Second part of 2nd century A. D .
T h e r e is a two-line inscription:
EYTYXI MAKAPI, mounted with a
thin frame.
Publ.: B I L K E I 1979, 26/6.; Aranyleltr
54/69.; S E G 1979/1034.; G I G P 12/69.
Similar best wishes: N M N o . 261.
jkori kamek
71. K. 1969. Lh.: Szny.
Elefntcsont. ll ovlis, htoldala la
pos. Fellete erteljesen kopott.
1 , 4 x 0 , 7 x 0,4 cm.
Minerva sisakos mellkpe oldalrl.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/67.; Brigetio
XXIII/3.
72. K. 133. Lh. Szny.
Szardonix, tejfehr-srgsbarna-ttet
sz rteggel. ll ovlis, htoldala la
pos, le az ellap fel sszetart. F
nyezett, peremn letredezett.
1,7 x 1,3x0,45 cm.
Szakllas Mars mellkpe oldalrl, si
sakkal s mellvrttel.
Publ.: Brigetio XXIII/1.
73. K. 1968. Lh.: Szny.
vegkameo, fekete. ll tglalap ala
k, ellapja lapos, le enyhn dombo
r, htoldala egyenetlen, a feltzsre
szolgl t begyazsnak nyomai lt
hatk. Fellete magas fny, az br
zols matt.
1,9 x 1 , 4 x 0 , 4 cm.
B e m l y e s z t e t t flkben Mars s
Venus mellkpe oldalrl, egyms m
g helyezve (capita iugata). Az eltr
ben Mars magas tarj sisakkal, mell
vrtben, hta mgtt drdval, vll
nl pajzzsal. Mgtte Venus mellkpe
hajban diadmmal, vlla meztelen.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 55/78.; Brigetio
XXIII/6.
Modern Cameos
71. K. 1969. Sz'ny.
Ivory. Standing oval, flat on the rear.
Its surface is intensely flattered.
1,4 x 0,7 x 0,4 cm.
Bust of Minerva with wearing a hel
met in profile.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/67.; Brigetio
XXIII/3.
72. K. 133. Szny.
Sardonyx, milk-white-yellowish-
brown-translucent layered. Standing
oval, flat on the rear, bevelled to the
front. Polished, damaged on the bor
der.
1,7 x 1,3x0,45 cm.
Bearded Mars in profile, wearing a
helmet and cuirass.
Publ.: Brigetio XXIII/1.
73. K. 1968. Szny
Glass, black. Standing shaped as a rec
tangle, its front is flat, its edge is
slightly convex, the rear is rough, the
traces of the needle for pinning can be
seen. Polished, the depiction is dull.
1,9 x 1,4x0,4 cm.
Busts of Mars and Venus in profile in a
deepened niche, placed behind each
other (capita iugata). In t h e fore
ground Mars with a high-crested hel
met and cuirass, with a spear behind
him and a shield at the shoulder.
Venus, behind him with a diadem in
her hair, her shoulder is nude.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 55/78.; Brigetio
XXIII/6.
54
Gyrk kk nlkl, sajt anyaguk
ba vsett brzolsokkal
74. K. 2150. Lh. Sz'ny, katonavros.
Aranygyr, nyolcszglet karikja a
fejnl kiszlesedik, lemezbe plmag
van belevsve, ezt kvet'en 4-4 pr
huzamos vonal, majd egymst X alak
ban keresztez vonalak.
Atm.: 1,4 cm. Kora: 2-3. sz.
Publiklatlan.
A gyrformhoz v.: H E N K E L
1913, Nr. 46.
75. K. 918.b. Lh. Sz'ny, Gerht-temet;
hamvasztsos sr, ifj. Faustina s
Gratianus dupondiusval.
Ezstgyr, k i s z l e s e d fejjel, ki
emelked kerek pecstellappal,
amelyben svasztika vsete van. A fej
tl jobbra s balra ves bevssek tall
hatk.
Atm.: 2,1 cm. Kora: 3. sz.
Publiklatlan.
A gyrformhoz v.: H E N K E L
1913, Nr. 388.
76. K. 2167. Lh. Sz'ny. Elveszett.
Ezstgyr, karikja hengertest, le
meze kerek, melyre gyngysorral k
rlvett kosr van vsve, benne plma
ggal.
Atm. 2,7 cm, fejtm. 1,7 cm.
Kora: 3. sz.
Publiklatlan.
77. K. 379. Lh. Sz'ny, civilvros, fels falu
vgi 500 ngyszgles hztelek.
Bronzgyr, karikja bell lapos, kvl
enyhn dombor, lemeze fel fokoza
tosan szlesedik. Ersen kopott.
Atm.: 2 cm. Kora: 2/3. sz.
Pecstellapjn Minerva sisakos feje
nz balra.
Publiklatlan.
A gyrformhoz v.: H E N K E L
1913, Nr. 888.
78. K. 1429. Lh. Sz'ny. Elveszett.
Bronzgyr fels rsze. Fejbl kis
mellszobrocska ll ki, elmosdott vo
nsokkal, fejn modiusszal.
2,1 x 2,2 x 1,1 cm. Kora: 3. sz.
Publiklatlan.
Rings without gems and with depic
tions engraved in their own material
74. K. 2150. Sz'ny, Canabae.
Gold ring. Its ribbon hoop formed to
an octagonal shape widens at the
bezel, and a palm-branch is engraved
in it. On the shoulders 4-4 parallel
lines.
Diameter: 1,4 cm. 2-3rd century A. D .
Unpublished.
For the ring type comp.: H E N K E L
1913, No. 46.
75. K. 918.b. Szny, Gerht-graveyard, cre
mation grave with the dupondius of
younger Faustina and Gratianus.
Silver ring with a widening head and a
round p r o m i n e n t bezel, with an
engravement of swastica in it. T h e r e
are arched engravings on the right and
on the left of the head.
Diameter: 2,1 cm. 3rd century A. D .
Unpublished.
For the ringform comp.: H E N K E L
1913, No. 388.
76. K. 2167. Sz'ny. Missing.
Silver ring, its hoop is cylindrical, its
plate is round with an engraved basket
rounded by a string of pearls. T h e r e is
a palm-branch in the basket.
Diameter: 2,7 cm, diameter of the
bezel: 1,7 cm. 3rd century A. D .
Unpublished.
77. K. 379. Sz'ny, building site distributed at
the upper end of the village.
Bronze ring, the hoop is flat inside,
outside slightly convex, and widening
towards its bezel. Intense wear.
Diameter: 2 cm. 2-3rd century A. D .
Minerva's helmeted head is facing to
the left on its bezel.
Unpublished.
For the ring type comp.: H E N K E L
1913, N o . 888.
78. K. 1429. Sz'ny. Missing.
T h e upper part of a bronze ring deco
rated with the bust of Jupiter-Serapis
having a modius on its head.
2,1 x 2,2 x 1,1 cm. 3rd century A. D.
Unpublished.
55
 A gyrformhoz s motvumhoz v.:
H E N K E L 1913, Nr. 1038 sk., Taf.
X L I . Intercisa II 593., 29. sr.
79. K. 1430. Lh. Szny. Elveszett.
Bronzgyr-tredk melyet Iuppiter-
Serapis modiusos kis mellkpe dszt.
1,5 x 1,1 x 0,9 cm. Kora: 3. sz.
Publiklatlan.
80. K. 378. Lh. Szny, civilvros fels faluv
gi 500 ngyszgles hztelek.
Bronzgyr, ovlis pecstl lapjba
apr berovsokbl ll krben, lapul
oroszln(P) van vsve.
tm.: 2,5 cm. Kora: 4. sz.
Publiklatlan.
81. K. 1408. Lh. Szny. Elveszett.
Bronzgyr, karikja hengertest, ke
rek pecstellapjba balra fordult
oroszln van vsve.
Atm.: 2,7 cm. Kora: 4. sz.
Publiklatlan.
A gyflrformhoz s motvumhoz v.:
H E N K E L 1913, Nr. 1005, Taf.
XXXIX.
82.a K. 1421. Lh.: Szny. Elveszett.
Bronzgyr profilrozott fejjel, pe-
cstllapjn egy virgos g, tvbe
kifel nz vsett sasfejek.
tmr: 3 cm.; pecstl: 1,3 x 0,9 cm.
Publiklatlan.
82.b K. 785.b. Lh. Szny, Jrka Jzsef hz
telke. Fldsr, Antoninus Pius sester-
tiusval. Elveszett.
Bronzgyr, karikja lapos, lemeze fe
l kiszlesedik, ovlis pecstellapj
ba sas-fej s flhold van vsve.
tm.: 2.2 cm.
Publiklatlan.
83. K. 927.c. L h . Szny Gerht-temet.
Fldsr Antoninus Pius pnzvel. El
veszett.
Bronzgyr, ovlis pecstellapjn sti
lizlt bevss; taln gabonakvt br
zol.
tm.: 2,5 cm. Kora: 4. sz.
Publiklatlan.
A gyrformhoz s motvumhoz v.:
H E N K E L 1913, Nr. 1006, Taf.
XXXIX.
For the ring type and motif comp.:
H E N K E L 1913, N o . 1038 f.; Intercisa
II 593, tomb 29.
79. K. 1430. Szny. Missing.
Fragment of a bronze ring with the
bust of Jupiter-Serapis as last.
1,5 x 1,1 x 0,9 cm. 3rd century A. D.
Unpublished.
80. K. 378. Szny, building site distributed at
the upper end of the village.
Bronze ring, a crouching lion(?) is
engraved in a circle framed by little
grooves on the bezel.
Diameter: 2,5 cm. 4th century A. D .
Unpublished.
81. K. 1408. Szny. Missing.
Bronze ring, hoop of round section, a
lion facing to the left is engraved in
the bezel.
Diameter: 2,7 cm. 4th century A. D.
Unpublished.
For the ring type and motif comp.:
H E N K E L 1913, No. 1005.
82a. K. 1421. Szny. Missing.
Bronze ring with facetted head, on the
bezel is engraved a branch with flow
ers, at its foot from two sides, heads of
eagles are looking outwards.
Diameter: 3 cm, bezel: 1,3 x 0,9 cm
Unpublished.
82b. K. 785.b. Szny, Jzsef Jrka's build
ing site, in a grave of soil with a sester
tius of Antoninus Pius. Missing.
Bronze ring, its hoop is flat, widening
towards its plate, a head of eagle and a
half moon are engraved on the bezel.
Diameter: 2.2 cm
Unpublished.
83. K. 927.C. Szny, Gerht-graveyard. In a
grave of soil with a coin of Antoninus
Pius. Missing.
Bronze ring, on its oval bezel schema
tic engraving, probably a sheaf of corn.
Diameter: 2,5 cm. 4th century A.D.
Unpublished.
For the ring type and motif comp.:
H E N K E L 1913, No. 1006.
56
84. K. 773. Lh. Szny, Srhzudvaron. Sr-
mellklet.
Gagt gyr, melynek karikja bell
lapos, kvl lapjai lben tallkoznak,
vllai erteljesen kidomborodnak. Fe
jt kt kifel nz, vgeikkel rintke
z holdsarl alkotja, a karika fel nz
vgeiken hromszg bevgs.
2,2 x 1,8 x 0,7 cm. Kora: 3. sz.
Publiklatlan.
57
84. K. 773. Szny, in Srhzudvar. Grave-
goods.
Jet ring, the hoop is flat inside, its
shoulders intensely bulging. Its head
is formed by two horned moons facing
outward and meeting at the end. On
the other end of moons a triangle
engravement shape.
2,2 x 1,8 x 0,7 cm. 3rd century A. D.
Unpublished.
Gyrk s kvek brzols nlkl
8.5. K. 841. Lh. Sz'ny, Blapusztai I. als
tbla. Fldsr.
Aranygyr, hengeres test karikja 2-
2 golycskval dsztve csatlakozik a
kerek rekeszhez, melyet fonott szl
vesz krl, b e n n e 0,8 cm tmrj
nicolopaszta van.
Atm.: 2, 45 x 2,1 cm; slya 265 g.
Kora: 3. sz.
PubL; Brigetio XXIV.
A gyrfformhoz v.: H E N K E L
1913, Nr. 276, Taf. XIV.; Nr. 1823, Taf.
LXIX.; N M Nr. 201.
86. 81.171.5. Lh. Szny-Molaj.
Aranygyr, vkony karikja a fej fel
kiszlesedik, a vllon levlminta, ki
emelked' foglalatban ngyszgletes,
vilgoszld, dombor k' (krizoprz),
fellete repedezett.
Atm.: 1,6 cm. Kora: 3. sz.
Publiklatlan.
A gyrformhoz v.: H E N K E L
1913, Nr. 276, Taf. XIV.
87. K. 630.a.
Lh. Sz'ny-Komrom kzti vitzi tel
kek, fldsr, 10 ves gyermek Marcus
rmvel.
Aranygyr, lapos lemezbl formlt
karikja megnyomdott. Kiszlesed
l e m e z n e k kzppontjban kis go
lycska van elhelyezve.
Atm. 1,6 cm. Kora: 3. sz.
PubL: Brigetio XXIV
A gyrformhoz v.: H E N K E L
1913, Nr. 63, Taf. III.
88. K. 837. Lh. Szny, Pannnia dl, Hajs
A. telkn.
Sokszg aranygyr szles sza
lagtesttel.
Atm.: 1,8 cm. Kora: 3. sz.
PubL: Brigetio XXIV
A gyrformhoz v.: H E N K E L
1913, Nr. 8 sk. Taf. I.
89. K. 633. Lh. Sz'ny s Komrom kztti
vetsi telkeken. Fldsrbl kerlt el.
Bronzgyr-tredk, foglalata res.
2,2 x 1,3 x 1,5 cm.
Publiklatlan.
Rings and stones without depiction
85. K. 841. Sz'ny, Blapuszta I. Lower
board. In a grave of soil.
Gold ring, hoop of round section de
corated with 2-2 balls. T h e round
bezel is surrounded by a braided fibre,
in it there is a 0,8 cm of diameter nico-
lo paste.
Diameter: 2,45 x 2,1 cm; weight 265 g.
3rd century A. D .
PubL: Brigetio XXIV
For the ring type comp.: H E N K E L
1913, Nos 276., 1823.; N M N o . 201.
86. 81.171.5. Szny-Molaj.
Gold ring widening towards the head,
a depiction of a leaf on the shoulder, in
its bulging bezel there is a light green,
convex stone, the surface is cracked.
Diameter: 1,6 cm. 3rd century A. D .
Unpublished.
For the ring type comp.: H E N K E L
1913, No. 276.
87. K. 630.a. Site b e t w e e n Sz'ny and
Komrom, in a grave of soil, a ten-
year-old child with a coin of Marcus.
Gold ring, its hoop is formed with a
flat plate. A little ball is placed in the
middle of its widening bezel.
Diameter: 1,6 cm. 3rd century A. D .
PubL: Brigetio XXIV
For the ring type comp.: H E N K E L
1913, No. 63.
88. K. 837. Sz'ny, Pannnia field, on the site
of A. Hajs.
A poligonal gold ring with wide ribbon
hoop.
Diameter: 1,8 cm. 3rd century A. D .
PubL: Brigetio XXIV
For the ring type comp.: H E N K E L
1913, Nos 8 f.
89. K. 633. On a sowing site between Sz'ny
and Komrom. Found in a grave of
soil.
Fragment of a bronze ring, its setting
is empty.
2,2 x 1,3 x 1,5 cm.
Unpublished.
58
90. K. 1409. Lh. Szny.
Bronzgyr, b e n n e fekete-fehr
barna rteges vegpaszta, kzepe pi
ros.
Atm.: 2,5 cm. Kora: 2/3. sz.
Publiklatlan.
A gyrformhoz v.: H E N K E L
1913, Nr. 1227.
91. K. 384. Lh. Szony, fels faluvgn kiosz
tott hztelken (Civilvros).
Bronzgyr fels rsze, foglalatban
szrke vegpaszta van, melybe kt fe
kete s kt fehr ptty van belenyom
va.
Atm. 1,7; gemma: 0,7 x 0,8 cm.
Publiklatlan.
92. K. 870.C. Lh. Szny, Blapusztai I. Als
tbla.
veggyr, fehr, karikja kerek met
szet, ellapftott fejn spirlis srga vo
nal fut krbe.
Atm.: 2,3 cm; lemeze: 0,9 cm.
Kora: 4. sz.
Publiklatlan.
V.: H E N K E L 1913, Nr. 1738 skk.,
Taf. L X I V sk.; SGI 1981, 42/7.;
M I G O T T I 1998, 55.
93. K. 2174. Lh. Szony, Civilvros, rmai
hulladkgdr.
veg, szntelen, ttetsz'. Tglatest
alak, szablytalanul legmblytett
sarkokkal.
1,8 x 1,15 x 0,5 cm. Kora: 3. sz.
Szablytalan mintja sszecsomzott
zsinrvgekre emlkeztet.
PubL: Aranyleltr 51/29.
94. K. 419. Lh. Sz'ny, a fels' falu vgen ki
osztott hzhelyeken talltk.
Karneol, narancssrga. Ovlis, mind
kt oldala enyhn dombor, le r-
zss, fellete fnyezett.
1,5 x 1 , 3 x 0 , 4 cm.
PubL: Aranyleltr 54/71.
95. K 2021. Lh. Sz'ny.
Karneol, vrsesbarna, ttetsz'. Ov
lis, egyik oldala lapos, a msik enyhn
dombor, le rzss. Fnyezett, ben
ne apr pttyk.
0,9 x 0,65 x 0,2 cm.
Publiklatlan.
59
90. K. 1409. Sz'ny.
Bronze ring, with black-white-brown
layered glass paste, the middle is red.
Diameter: 2,5 cm. 2-3rd century A. D.
Unpublished.
For the ring form comp.: H E N K E L
1913, No. 1227.
91. K. 384. Szony, building site distributed at
the upper end of the village.
T h e upper part of a bronze ring with
grey glass paste in its setting. T h e r e
are two black and two white dots
pushed into the glass.
Diameter: 1,7 cm; gem: 0,7 x 0,8 cm.
Unpublished.
92. K. 870.c. Szony, Blapuszta I. Lower
board.
Glass ring, white with a cylindrical
hoop. Its head flat, a yellow, spiral line
is going round on the bezel.
Diameter: 2,3 cm; bezel: 0,9 cm.
Unpublished.
For the ring type comp.: H E N K E L
1913, No. 1738. ff.; SGI 1981, 42/7.;
M I G O T T I 1998, 55.
93. K. 2174. Sz'ny-Civilvros, a roman
refuse pit.
Glass, colourless, translucent.
Rectangle with irregular rounded cor
ners.
1,8 x 1,15 x 0,5 cm. 3rd century A. D.
T h e irregular form reminds of ends of
strings fastened together with a knot.
PubL: Aranyleltr 51/29.
94. K. 419. Sz'ny, found on the site distri
buted in the upper end of the village.
Cornelian, orange. Oval, slightly con
vex on both sides, bevelled edges.
Polished.
1,5 x 1,3 x 0,4 cm.
PubL: Aranyleltr 54/71.
95. K 2021. Sz'ny.
Cornelian, reddish-brown, translu
cent. Oval, flat on one side, slightly
convex on the other, bevelled edges.
Polished, tiny dots in it.
0,9 x 0,65 x 0,2 cm.
Unpublished.
96. K 2022. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, vrs, ttetsz. Ovlis, mind
kt oldala dombor, le rzss, fnye
zett.
0,9 x 0,7 x 0,4 cm.
Publiklatlan.
97. K 2023. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, vilgos narancssrga, ttetsz.
Ovlis, mindkt oldala lapos, le r
zss. Fnyezett, szln apr lepattog-
zs.
1.1 x 0 , 9 x 0 , 3 cm.
Publiklatlan.
98. K 2024. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, narancssrga, ttetsz. Ovlis,
mindkt oldala enyhn dombor, le
rzss.
1.3 x 1,15 x 0,6 cm.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 51/24.
99. K 2025. Lh. Szny.
Karneol, piros-narancssrga, zrvny
nyal. Tglatest formj, mindkt olda
la enyhn dombor, le rzss.
2,05 x 1,3x0,6 cm.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 51/25.
100. K 1949. Lh. Szny.
Karneol gyngy, narancssrga, ttet
sz. A tglatest formj k sarkai le
vannak csiszolva, miltal rombusz ala
k felletek jttek ltre. Hosszban t
van frva.
1.2 x 0,9 x 0,7 cm.
Publiklatlan.
101. K 1951. Lh. Szny.
Karneol gyngy, mint az elz.
2,2 x 1,65x0,8 cm.
Publiklatlan.
102. K 4 2 1 . Lh. Szny, fels faluvgen kiosz
tott hztelken.
Karneol, vilgos narancssrga, ttetsz.
Kerek, fazettlt, egyik oldaln a k
z p p o n t b a n nyolcszg, a msikon
nyolcg csillag csiszolata van. Fnye
zett, egyik oldaln lepattogzott.
1.4 x 0,75 cm.
Publiklatlan.
Valsznleg n e m antik.
60
96. K 2022. Szny.
Cornelian, red, translucent. Oval, con
vex on both sides, its edge is bevelled,
polished.
0,9 x 0,7 x 0,4 cm.
Unpublished.
97. K 2023. Szny.
Cornelian, light orange, translucent.
Oval, flat on both sides, its edge is
bevelled. Polished, tiny crackles on
the border.
1.1 x 0 , 9 x 0 , 3 cm.
Unpublished.
98. K 2024. Szny.
Cornelian, orange, translucent. Oval,
slightly convex on both sides, its edge
is bevelled.
1,3 x 1,15 x 0,6 cm.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 51/24.
99. K 2025. Szny.
Cornelian, red-orange with inclusions.
Rectangle-shaped, slightly convex on
both sides, its edge is bevelled.
2,05 x 1,3 x 0,6 cm.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 51/25.
100. K 1949. Szny.
Cornelian bead, orange, translucent.
T h e corners of the rectangle-shaped
stone are grinded, for rhombus-shaped
surfaces were formed. It is tran
spierced lengthwise.
1.2 x 0,9 x 0,7 cm.
Unpublished.
101. K 1951. Szny.
Cornelian bead.
2,2 x 1,65x0,8 cm.
Unpublished.
102. K 421. Szny, on a building site distri
buted at the upper end of the village.
Cornelian, light orange, translucent.
Round, bevelled, an octagon is
facetted in the middle on one side,
while on the other a shape of an eight-
pointed star. Polished, cracekled on
one side.
1,4x0,75 cm.
Unpublished.
It is probably of non-antique origin.
103. K 2036. Lh. Sz'ny.
Kalcedon, vilgoskk-sttkk sza
blytalan rteg. Ovlis, mindkt ol
dala lapos, le rzss, als pereme sza
blytalanul lecsiszolva.
0,9 x 0,7 x 0,5 cm.
Publiklatlan.
104. K 130. Lh. Sz'ny, Blapuszta.
Kalcedon, tejszi'n', ttetsz'. Ovlis,
egyik oldala lapos, a msik dombor.
0,6 x 0,5 x 0,3 cm.
Publiklatlan.
105. K 2028. Lh. Sz'ny.
Mohaacht (olivin), vilgoszld-stt
zld foltokkal. Egyik oldala ersen, a
msik enyhn dombor, oldalai lben
tallkoznak.
0,95 x 1,1 x 0,25 cm.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 51/27.
106. K 2016. Lh. Sz'ny.
Grnt. Flhold alak, egyik oldala
ersen dombor, a msik lapos, felle
te fnyezett.
1,1 x 0 , 6 x 0 , 3 5 cm
Publiklatlan.
107.55.500.1. Lh.: Sz'ny.
Nicolo, vilgoskk sttkk rteggel.
Ovlis, m i n d k t oldala lapos, le
e g y e n e s , egy rsze letrt, p e r e m e
rzss. Fnyezett.
1.4 x 1,25 cm.
Publiklatlan.
108. K. 418. Lh. Sz'ny, fels faluvgen ki
osztott hzhelyen leltk.
veg, fekete. Ovlis, mindkt oldala
lapos, az egyik fnyes, a msik matt.
1,7 x 1,3 x 0,2 cm
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/71.
109. K 422. L h . Sz'ny, fels falu vgen kiosz
tott hztelken.
veg, zld, ttetsz. Tglatest form
j, mindkt oldala lapos, le rzss,
htoldaln vkony fehr rteg.
1.5 x 1,1 x 0,3 cm.
P u b l : Aranyleltr 54/71.
110. K 423. Lh. Sz'ny, fels faluvgen kiosz
tott hztelken.
vegpaszta, vkony barna s fehr,
103. K 2036. Sz'ny.
Chalcedony, light b l u e - d a r k blue,
anomalous layered. Oval, flat on both
sides, its edge is bevelled, grinded on
the lower border.
0,9 x 0,7 x 0,5 cm.
Unpublished.
104. K 130. Sz'ny, Blapuszta.
Chalcedony, milky colour, translucent.
Oval, flat on one side, convex on the
other.
0,6 x 0,5 x 0,3 cm.
Unpublished.
105. K 2028. Sz'ny.
Moss-agate, with light g r e e n - d a r k
green blurs. Convex intensely on one
side and slightly on the other, its sides
meet at the edges.
0,95 x 1,1 x 0,25 cm.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 51/27.
106. K 2016. Sz'ny.
Garnet, half-moon-shaped, intensely
convex on one side, flat on the other.
Polished for the surface.
1,1 x 0 , 6 x 0 , 3 5 cm.
Unpublished.
107. 55.500.1. Sz'ny.
Nicolo, light blue with a dark blue
layer. Oval, flat on both sides, its edge
is straight, its border is bevelled.
Polished, a piece is broken.
1.4 x 1,25 cm.
Unpublished.
108. K. 418. Sz'ny, found on the building
site distributed at the upper end of the
village.
Glass, black. Oval, flat on both sides,
polished for the one side, unpolished
for the other.
1,7 x 1,3x0,2 cm.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/71.
109. K 422. Szny, on the building site dis
tributed at the upper end of the vil
lage.
Glass, green, translucent. Rectangle-
shaped, flat on both sides, its edge is
bevelled, a thin white layer on the
rear.
1.5 x 1,1 x 0,3 cm.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/71.
61
 vastagabb sttlila rteg. Ovlis,
mindkt oldala lapos, le rzss, fel
lete rcsks.
1,7 x 1,55 x 0,5 cm.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/70.
111. K 1926. Lh. Sz'ny.
vegpaszta, fekete. Kerek, ellapja
dombor, htoldala lapos. Fellete
rcsks, lgbuborkos. Valsznleg
zseton.
1.5 x 0,6 cm.
Publiklatlan.
112. K 2019. Lh.Szony.
veg, sttlila. Csepp formj, mind
kt oldala lapos, le rzss.
2,4 x 1,1 x 0,25 cm.
Publiklatlan.
113. K 2 0 2 7 . Lh. Sz'ny.
veg, vilgoslila, ttetsz. Alja lapos,
pereme flfel szlesedik, dombor
felsrsze cscsosan vgzdik, felle
te matt.
1.6 x 1 x 0,7 cm.
P u b l : Aranyleltr 51/27.
114. K 2030. Lh.Szony.
Kk, ttetsz veg. Ovlis, mindkt
oldala dombor, matt.
1 , 3 x 0 , 9 x 0 , 4 cm.
Publiklatlan.
115. K 2031. L h . S z o n y .
veg, halvny zldessrga, tltsz.
Ovlis, egyik oldala lapos, a msik
dombor, le rzss. Fellete matt,
dombor oldaln lgbuborkok s ko
psnyomok.
1,75 x 1,2x0,45 cm.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 51/26.
116. K 2032. L h . S z o n y .
vegpaszta, vilgos kkeszld, tlt
sz. Rombusz formj, mindkt oldala
lapos, le rzss, fellete rcsks, sz
ln lepattogzott.
1,65 x 1 x 0,3 cm.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 51/26.
110. K 423. Szny, on the building site dis
tributed at the upper end of the vil
lage.
Glass paste, thin brown and white,
thicker dark purple layered. Oval, flat
on both sides, its edge is bevelled,
rough for the surface.
1,7 x 1,55 x 0,5 cm.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 54/70.
111. K 1926. Szny.
Glass paste, black. Round, convex for
the face, flat for the rear. Rough for
the surface, with bubbles. Probably a
token.
1.5 x 0,6 cm.
Unpublished.
112. K 2019. Szny.
Glass, dark purple. Drop-shaped, flat
on both sides, its edge is bevelled.
2,4 x 1,1 x 0,25 cm.
Unpublished.
113. K 2027. Szny.
Glass, light purple, translucent. Flat
for the bottom, its border is widening
towards the top, its convex upper part
is ending in, unpolished edge surface.
1.6 x 1 x 0,7 cm.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 51/27.
114. K 2030. Szny.
Blue, translucent glass. Oval, convex
on both sides, unpolished.
1,3 x 0,9 x 0,4.
Unpublished.
115. K 2031. Szny.
Glass, faint greenish yellow, translu
cent. Oval, flat on one side, convex on
the other, bevelled for the edges.
Unpolished surface, bubles on the
convex side and remains of wear.
1,75 x 1,2x0,45 cm.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 51/26.
116. K 2032. Szny.
Glass paste, light blueish green,
translucent. Rhombus-shaped, flat on
both sides, bevelled for the edges,
rough surface, crackled on the border.
1,65 x 1 x 0,3 cm.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 51/26.
62
117. K 2034. Lh. Szny.
veg, vilgoskk, ttetsz. Ovlis,
ellapja lapos, le az ellap fel ssze
tart, htoldala egyenetlen.
1,85 x 1 , 6 x 0 , 3 cm.
PubL: Aranyleltr 51/26.
118. K 2 0 2 9 . Lh. Szny.
veg, vilgoskk, tltsz. Csepp for
mj, egyik oldala lapos, a msik dom
bor.
1,2x0,75 x 0,3 cm.
Publiklatlan.
119. K. 134. Lh. Szny, Blapuszta.
Fstkvarc, tltsz. Ovlis, egyik olda
la lapos, a msik dombor, melyre ap
r tglnylapok vannak csiszolva.
0,8 x 0,5 x 0,3 cm.
Publiklatlan.
Valsznleg n e m antik.
120. K. 2013. Lh. Szny.
veg, fehr s sttkk rteg. Ov
lis, mindkt oldala lapos, le rzsfs.
Porzus, egyenetlen felletn tmr,
fnyes rteg maradvnyai lthatk.
1,2 x 1,25 x 0,4 cm.
PubL: Aranyleltr 51/22.
Valsznleg n e m antik.
63
117. K 2034. Szny.
Glass, light blue, translucent. Oval,
flat for the face, its edges converges
towards the face, rough for the rear.
1,85 x 1,6x0,3 cm.
Publ.: Aranyleltr 51/26.
118. K 2029. Szny.
Glass, light blue, translucent. Drop-
shaped, flat for one side, convex for
the other.
1,2 x 0,75 x 0,3 cm.
Unpublished.
119. K. 134. Szny, Blapuszta.
Smoky quartz, translucent. Oval, flat
for one side, convex for the other in
which tiny rectangles are grinded.
0,8 x 0,5 x 0,3 cm.
Unpublished.
It is probably of non-antique origin.
120. K. 2013. Szny.
Glass, white and dark blue layered.
Oval, flat on both sides, its edge is
bevelled. Porous, remains of polished
layers are seen on its rough surface.
1,2 x 1,25x0,4 cm.
PubL: Aranyleltr 51/22.
It is probably of non-antique origin.
Fggelk
Az 1940-es vek elejn a Dissertationes
Pannonicae sorozat 11/24 k t e t e k n t el'k-
szletben volt a pannniai g e m m k megje
lentetse (K. v. Bartk: Geschnittene Steine
von Pannonin). A megvalsts sajnos csak
a tbls ktet oldalainak kinyomtatsig ju
tott el, a kziratbl pedig csak az brzolt
g e m m k listja maradt meg. Ma ezek a
Nemzeti M z e u m Adattrban tallhatk. A
Brigetibl szrmaz darabok kzl itt le
rom azokat, melyek ma mr n e m tallhatk
meg, s a leltrknyvben sem sikerlt nyo
mukra bukkanni, vagy ms gyjtemnyben
tallhatk. Szmozsukat a tblkon val el
helyezsk alapjn adom meg, k p e k e t
azokrl mellkelek, melyek reprodukcira
alkalmasak voltak.
1. V/35. Tmla nlkli trnon l Iuppiter
oldalrl, meztelen fels teste szem
bl, als testt kpeny fedi. Elre
nyjtott kezben patert tart, a msik
ban sceptrum, lbnl fel tekint sas.
Alapvonal.
1.5 x 1 cm
rzsi helye: Naturhistorisches Muse
um, Wien, Inv. Nr. 19663.
2. IX/13. Szembl ll Minerva, sisakos fejt
kinyjtott keze fel fordtja, melyben
koszort nyjt Victorit tart. Msik
keze fldre tmasztott pajzsn nyug
szik. Alapvonal.
1.6 x 1,1 cm
3. 1/39. D e a Roma fegyverhalmon l, elre
nyjtott kezben Victorit tart, a m
sik keze fldre tmasztott drdjn
nyugszik.
1,4 x 1,1 cm
4. VII/138. Tmla nlkli trnon l Ceres
oldalrl, hossz chitnban. Egyik ke
zben kt kalszt tart, a msikkal trn
jnak sarkra tmaszkodik, lbnl
hangya. Alapvonal. Ketttrt.
1,9 x 1,6 cm
rzsi helye: Naturhistorisches Mu
seum, Wien, Inv. Nr. 16759.
Appendix
In the beginning of the 1940s the publi
cation concerning t h e g e m s t o n e s from
Pannnia was in preparation as being
involved in the volume 11/24 of the series
called Dissertationes Pannonicae (K. v.
Bartk: Geschnittene Steine von Panno
nin). T h e implementation has attained
unfortunately only the printing of the pages
belonged to the tabular volume and only the
list of the depicted gems has remained from
the manuscript. T h e s e ones can be found in
the d o c u m e n t a t i o n d e p a r t m e n t of the
National M u s e u m . From the pieces, which
were found in Brigetio, I am going to
describe those that are not found today and
there have been no traces of them in the
inventory as well, or to be found in other col
lections. T h e i r n u m b e r has been given on
the basis of their location on the boards, and
the pictures, which can be reproduced, have
been appended.
1. V/35. Jupiter in profile sitting on a backed
throne, his n u d e trunk front-wise, his
lower body is covered by a cloak. In
his streched hand he holds a patera, in
the other one a sceptre, at his legs an
eagle looking at him. Groundline.
1.5 x 1 cm
Kept in the Naturhistorisches Muse
um, Wien, Inv. No. 19663.
2. IX/13. Minerva from front view, her hel-
meted head is turned towards her
stretched arm in which she holds a
Victory giving a wreath. Her other
hand is resting on the shield leant
against the ground. Groundline.
1.6 x 1,1 cm
3. 1/39. Dea Roma sitting on pile of armory
and holding a Victory in one stretched
hand while his other hand is resting on
his spear that is leant against the
ground.
1,4 x 1,1 cm
4. VII/138. Ceres in profile sitting on a
throne without a back wearing a long
chiton. She holds out two ears of corn
with one of her hands and with her
64
5. IX/40. ll nalak szembl, fejt elre
nyjtott keze fel fordtja, melyben
valsznleg kalsz van, a msik kez
vel jogart tartja. Felteheten Ceres.
Alapvonal.
0,95 x 0,65 cm
6. XIV/37. Trnol Magna Mater, fels teste
szembl, feje s lbai oldalra fordtva.
Elrenyjtott kezben taln patera, a
msikkal trnjra tmasztott tympa-
nont tart, fejn corona muralis. Lb
nl lp oroszln mells teste jelenik
meg. Alapvonal.
1,7 x 1,4 cm
7. XIV/33. Diana Ephesia egszen leegysze
rstett brzolsa. Zrt alakjbl
m i n d k t oldalon kzfejek nylnak ki,
fejn egy fggleges s hrom vzszin
tes vonal jelzi a modiust, a k p m e z
fels rszn egyik oldalon csillag, a
msikon holdsarl. Alapvonal.
1,2 x 1 cm
8. X/61. Vadsz Amor oldalrl, elrenyjtott
kezvel az eltte nyulat ldz kutyt
biztatja. Alapvonal.
1.1 x 1,3 cm
9. VIII/15. Szembl ll Bonus Eventus, fe
je oldalra fordtva, kinyjtott kezben
patera, a msikban kalsz. Alapvonal.
Porzus fellet nicolopaszta.
0,9 x 0,65 cm
10. VIII/29. L p Bonus Eventus oldalrl,
felemelt k e z b e n gymlcss tl, a
msikban kalsz, vllrl kpenye hul
lik al. Alapvonal.
1,5 x 1,1 cm
11. XI/39. Botjra tmaszkod psztor oldal
rl, htn llatbr kpennyel, eltte
fatrzsre gaskod kecske. Alapvonal.
A psztor feje fltt kis srls.
1.2 x 0,95 cm
12. 1/14. Ni portr oldalrl, vllt tunica
fedi. Hajviselete alapjn ks antoni-
nusi vagy kora severusi, gondos
kivitel munka.
0,7 x 0,5 cm
13. XI/36. Kecskk llnak egy fa mellett.
Alapvonal. A g e m m a jobb fele
hinyzik.
0,7 x 1 x 0,3 cm
other hand she leans against the cor
ner of her seat, at her legs an ant.
Groundline. Broken in two pieces.
1,9 x 1,6 cm
Kept in the Naturhistorisches M u
seum, Wien, Inv. N o . 16759.
5. IX/40. A standing woman from front view,
her head is turning towards her stre
tched arm, in which there might be an
ear of corn, and she holds her sceptre
in her other hand. She is possibly
Ceres. Groundline.
0,95 x 0,65 cm.
6. XIV/37. Magna Mater sitting on a throne,
her upper body from front view, her
head and legs are turned to the side.
In her stretched arm there might be a
patera, while with the other she holds
a tympanon, which is leant against her
throne, on her head a corona muralis.
At her feet the fore-body of a lion
appears. Groundline.
1,7 x 1,4 cm.
7. XIV/33. A simplified depiction of Diana
Ephesia. From her closed figure hands
are stretching out, on her head one
vertical and three diagonal lines show
the modius, on the top part of the
depiction there is a star on one side,
while on the other there is a horned
moon. Groundline.
1,2 x 1 cm
8. X/61. Hunting Amor in profile, with his
stretched hands he is encouraging the
dog chasing a hare in front of him.
Groundline.
1,1 x 1,3 cm
9. VIII/15. Bonus Eventus from front view,
her head is turned to the side. A patera
is in the stretched hand, an ear of corn
in the other. Groundline. Nicolo paste
with porouse surface.
0,9 x 0,65 cm
10. VIII/29. Bonus Eventus in profile, in the
risen hand there is a bowl full with
fruit, an ear of corn in the other, his
cloak is falling from her shoulders.
Groundline.
1,5 x 1,1 cm
65
 rzsi helye: Kunsthistorisches Mu
seum, Wien, Inv. Nr. 2596.
Publ.: Wien III. Nr. 1868.
14. XI/56. Vastag trzs fa tvben hever
szarvas oldalrl, fejt a fa fl hajl ga
fel fordtja. Alapvonal.
1 x lem
15. 11/98. Kt sszefogott kzbl k t
bsgszaru emelkedik ki - az egyik
ersen srlt -, kzttk kantharos,
melybl kt kalsz s kzte egy mk
fej gazik ki.
1,5 x 1,25 cm
A tpushoz v.: Britain Nr. 401, Gar-
nuntum Nr. 880-881, Kazzay Nr. 130.
16. IV/91. Hrom csillag egyms fltt,
babrkoszorval krlvve.
Alapvonal.
1,2 x 1 cm
rzsi helye: Naturhistorisches Muse
um, Wien, Inv. Nr. 16760.
17. XIII/119. Maszk-llat kombinci, rsz
letei igen homlyosak. A kakas-lbon
ll alak testt valsznleg maszk s
kos-fej alkotjk, melybl htul bsg
szaru emelkedik ki. A testbl kinv
lfej szjban caduceust tart.
Alapvonal.
1,4 x 1 cm
18. Wien III. 2172. Arany gyrbe foglalt
karneol, rajta X-monogram.
11. XI/39. A shepherd leaning against his
crook, on his back there is a cloak of
animal skin, in front of him there is a
goat rearing against a trunk. Ground-
line. A little damaged part above the
shepherd's head. 1,2 x 0,95 cm
12. 1/14. A woman's portrait in profile, her
shoulders are covered with a tunic. On
the basis of her hair-do, it is a carefully
engraved work from the late Antonin
or from the early Severian period.
0,7 x 0,5 cm
13. XI/36. Goats are standing beneath a tree.
Groundline. Left half of the gem
remaind.
0,7 x 1 x 0,3 cm
Kept in the Kunsthistorisches Muse
um, Wien, Inv. No. 2596.
Publ.: Wien III. No. 1868.
14. XI/56. A deer in profile lying at the foot
of a thick-trunked tree, turning its
head towards the branch of the tree
bending above the deer. Groundline.
l x l cm
15. 11/98. Two cornucopiae are rising from
clasped right hands - one of them is
intensely d a m a g e d -, a kantharos
between them, from which two ears of
corn branch out and a poppy-head.
1,5 x 1,25 cm
For the type comp.: Britain No. 401,
Carnuntum Nos 880-881, Kazzay No.
130.
16. IV/91. T h r e e stars one about others
mounting in a laurel wreath. Ground-
line.
1,2 x 1 cm
Kept in the Naturhistorisches Muse
um, Wien, Inv. No. 16760.
17. XIII/119. Mask-animal combination, its
details are quite indistinct. T h e body
of the figure, which is standing on the
legs of a cock, is probably made of a
mask and a head of a ram, from which
a cornucopia is rising out. T h e head of
a horse, coming from the body, holds a
caduceus in its mouth. Groundline.
1,4 x 1 cm
18. Wien III. No. 2172. Carnoline mounted
in a gold ring with X -monogram.
Gyrk Rings

Arany: Nr. 49, 74, 85-88, App. 18. Gold: Nos 49, 74, 85-88, App. 18.
Ezst: Nr. 75-76. Silver: Nos 75-76.
Bronz: Nr. 20, 22, 40, 77-83, 89-91. Bronze: Nos 20, 22, 40, 77-83, 89-91.
veg: Nr. 92. Glass: No. 92.
Gagt: Nr. 84. Jet: No. 84.

Konkordancia - Concordance

Lt.sz. Kat.sz. Lt.sz. Kat.sz. Lt.sz. Katsz. Lt.sz. Kat.sz. Lt.sz. Kat.sz.
130 104 423 110 1968 73 1994 31 2021 95
131 63 63t).a 87 1969 71 1995 34 2022 96
132 68 633 89 1971 23 1996 29 2023 97
133 72 740.c 40 1972 1 1997 14 2024 98
134 119 773 84 1973 2 1998 32 2025 99
135 12 785. b 82b 1974 39 1999 33 2027 113
136 62 837 88 1975 60 2000 41 2028 105
137 39 841 8S 1976 36 2001 23 2029 118
138 SO 870.c 92 1977 24 2002 37 2030 114
168 43 918.b 7S 1978 10 2003 28 2031 115
378 80 927.c 83 1979 11 2004 38 2032 116
379 77 1408 81 1980 7 2005 48 2034 117
382 22 1409 90 1981 S3 2006 64 2036 103
383 20 1421 82a 1982 61 2007 47 2150 74
384 91 1428/2(?) 4 1983 46 2008 15 2167 76
412 21 1429 78 1984 51 2009 35 2171 65
413 55 1430 79 1985 57 2010 30 2174 93
414 5 1590(?) 56 1986 52 2011 16 55.500.1. 107
415 18 1865 26 1987 6 2012 17 72.104.1. 49
416 42 1926 111 1988 8 2013 120 72.104.2. 67
417 SS 1949 100 1989 9 ? 44 81.171.5. 86
418 108 1951 101 1990 13 2014 54

419 94 1965 69 1991 19 2015 45

421 102 1966 70 1992 3 2016 106

422 109 1967 66 1993 27 2019 112

67
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70
71
72
73
74
75
76
n
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
A katona- s polgrvros topogrfija
Toporaphy of the Camp and Civil town ofBrigetio
 Tartalom - Contents

I. Bevezets - Introduction 3

Brigetio
Brigetio 3

Gemmaleletek
Gem Finds 6

brzolsok s rtelmezsk
Motifs and their Meanings 9

Mhely-krds
The Question of Workshops 17

Kfajtk s gyrk
Stonetypes and Rings 24

Jegyzetek
Annotations 21

Irodalom
Literature 30

II. Katalgus - Catalogue 35

Intaglik
Intaglios 35

Kamek
Cameos 52

jkori kamek
Modern Cameos 54

Gyrk kk nlkl, sajt anyagukba vsett brzolsokkal

Rings without gems and with depictions engraved in their own material 55

Gyrk s kvek brzols nlkl

Rings and stones without depiction 58

Fggelk
Appendix 64

Gyrk
Rings 67

Konkordancia - Concordance 67

Tblk 69