Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Language Teaching
In this report, you will
learn…
Communicative Language Teaching
Definition
Background: Historical and Theoretical
Activities in CLT
Learner and Teacher Roles
Role of Instructional Materials
What is Communicative
Language Teaching (CLT)?
A set of principles about:
Historical
Language Teaching can be viewed in
three parts:
I. Traditional approaches (up to the late
1960s)
II. Classic communicative language
teaching (1970s to 1990s)
III. Current communicative language
teaching (late 1990s to the present)
Traditional approaches
(up to the late 1960s)
Theoretical
Theory of Language
Histheory of communicative
competence was a definition of what
a speaker needs to know in order to
be communicatively competent in a
speech community.
Held the view that linguistic theory
needed to be seen as part of a more
general theory incorporating
communication and culture.
Michael Halliday
communication
require meaningful use of Do not require meaningful
language Communication
Text-based materials
Tasked-based materials
Realia
Text-based Materials
Textbooks designed to direct and
support CLT
› Texts from Syllabuses
A typical lesson consists of:
› Theme (e.g. relaying information)
› Task analysis for thematic
development (e.g., understanding the
message, asking questions to obtain
clarification, taking notes, etc.)
›
A practice situation description (e.g., “a
caller asks to see your manager. He does
not have an appointment. Gather the
necessary information from him and
relay the massage to your manager.”
A stimulus presentation (e.g., in the
preceding case, the beginning of an
office conversation scripted and on tape)
Comprehension questions (e.g., “Why is
the caller in the office?”
Paraphrase Exercises
Task-based Materials
Exercise handbooks
Cue cards
Activity cards
Pair-communication practice materials
Some provide drills and practice
materials in interactional formats
Realia: A Push for
Authenticity
Based from the belief that language
classroom is intended as a
preparation for survival in the real
world
Use of “authentic,” “from life” materials
in the classroom
› LANGUAGE BASED REALIA: signs,
magazines, advertisements,
newspapers
› GRAPHIC & VISUAL SOURCES: maps,
pictures, symbols, charts, graphs
Current Communicative
Language Teaching
(1990s to the present)
Since the 1990s the communicative
approach has been widely
implemented.
Communicative language teaching has
continued to evolve as our
understanding of the processes of
second language learning has
developed.
Ten core assumptions of current
communicative language
teaching
1. Second language learning is
facilitated when learners are
engaged in interaction and
meaningful communication
2. Effective classroom learning
Product-based methodologies
› Text-Based Instruction
› Competency-Based Instruction