Gas Laws

The Issue with gases

1. We cant see them
2. We know they exists
 The Kinetic Molecular Theory
1. Gases are made up of tiny particles
2. These particles are so small to the volume
they occupy, that their volume is negligible
3. These tiny particles are in constant random
straight-line motion: colliding with each
other and the side of their container
i.e. PRESSURE
 The Kinetic Molecular Theory
4. The attraction/repulsion force in between
the molecules (i.e. intermolecular forces) are
weak
London forces

5. When gas molecules hit each other no kinetic

energy is lost
 The Kinetic Molecular Theory
6. The temperature in Kelvin is directly related
to the average kinetic energy of the gas
 Gases are made
1. tiny particles
2. Of negligible volume
3. That are in constant motion and
Ideal bumping into each other
Gas 4. and continuing their motion
5. Without losing kinetic energy
6. Average kinetic energy of the gas =
temperature
 Properties and equations
Volume
Pressure
Temperature
Amount
 Properties and equations
Volume
Pressure
P1V1 = P2V2
Temperature
Amount
 Lungs and Fluids
Inspiration
The diaphragm and the
intercostals muscles
contract
This increases the volume of
the lungs, therefore
decreasing the pressure and
making it smaller than the
exterior air pressure.
The outside air moves to fill
in the ''empty'' space and
therefore moves into the
lungs to equalize the
pressure
 Lungs and Fluids

Expiration
The diaphragm and
intercostals muscles relax
The lungs decrease in
volume
The pressure inside the
lungs becomes higher that
the exterior air pressure
The air moves from the
area of high pressure (your
lungs) to the area of low
pressure (outside)
 Properties and equations
Volume
Pressure
P1V1 = P2V2
Temperature
Amount
 Boyles Law Problems
1) A container holds 500.0 mL of CO2 at 20.0 C
and 742 torr. What will be the volume of the
CO2 if the pressure is increased to 795 torr?
 Boyles Law Problems
2) A gas tank holds 2785 L of propane, C3H8,
at 830.0 mm Hg. What is the volume of the
propane at standard pressure?
 Boyles Law Problems
3) A balloon contains 7.2 L of He. The pressure
is reduced to 2.00 atm and the balloon
expands to occupy a volume of 25.1 L. What
was the initial pressure exerted on the
balloon?
 Boyles Law Problems
4) A sample of neon occupies a volume of 461
mL at STP. What will be the volume of the
neon when the pressure is reduced to 93.3
kPa?
 Boyles Law Problems
5) 352 mL of chlorine under a pressure of 680.
mm Hg are placed in a container under a
pressure of 1210 mm Hg. The temperature
remains constant at 296 K. What is the volume
of the container in liters?
 Properties and equations
Volume
Pressure
Temperature
Amount
 Properties and equations
Volume V1 = V2
Pressure T1 T2
Temperature
Amount
Extreme cases
 Charless Law Problems
1) A container holds 50.0 mL of nitrogen at 25
C and a pressure of 736 mm Hg. What will be
its volume if the temperature increases by 35
C?
 Charless Law Problems
2) A sample of oxygen occupies a volume of
160 dm3 at 91 C. What will be volume of
oxygen when the temperature drops to 0.00
C?
 Charless Law Problems
3) A sample of hydrogen has an initial
temperature of 50. C. When the temperature
is lowered to -5.0 C, the volume of hydrogen
becomes 212 cm3 . What was the initial
volume of the hydrogen in dm3 ?
 Charless Law Problems
4) 568 cm3 of chlorine at 25 C will occupy
what volume at -25 C while the pressure
remains constant?
 Charless Law Problems
5) A sample of helium has a volume of 521
dm3 at a pressure of 75 cm Hg and a
temperature of 18 C. When the temperature
is increased to 23 C, what is the volume of
the helium?
 Properties and equations
Volume V1 = V2
Pressure T1 T2
Temperature
Amount
 Properties and equations
Volume
Pressure
Temperature
Amount
 Properties and equations
Volume P1 = P2
Pressure T1 T2
Temperature
Amount
Combined Gas Law
 Properties and equations
Volume
Pressure
Temperature
Amount
The Ideal Gas Law