Block Flow Diagram

The BFD for the process which we have selected is shown in Figure 2.9.

Figure 2. 9. Block flow diagram of solar salt production

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Process Flow Diagram
In the process flow diagram, we can see the Multi-Stage Filtration process
that consist of flash drum, mixer, heat exchangers, centrifuge, crystallizer
and pumps. The process flow diagram for process that we have selected is
shown in Figure 2.11.

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Figure 2. 10. Process Flow Diagram of Salt Production
(Source: Reproduced by Author)

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 CHAPTER 3
MASS AND ENERGY BALANCE
From process flow diagram in previous chapter, we can calculate mass and energy balance for this plant. The calculation is based
on one-hour equivalent of production time. Note that we do not include filtration units in our plant because we assume that the feedstocks
do not have any impurities. The actual process flow diagram is shown in the previous chapter.

Figure 3.1. Aspen Plus Simulation

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 5

3.1. Mass Balance

Table 3. 1. Overall Mass Balance

Component
Total/Stream Total
Equipment Mass Stream (tonne/day)
(tonne/day) (tonne/day)
H2O NaCl
In 1 3126.6 113.4 3240 3240
32 0.119 108.029 108.148
Overall 34 13.204 5.37 18.574
Out 3240
42 2733.458 0 2733.458
44 379.82 0 379.82
In 9 3126.6 113.4 3240 3240
Flash Drum
10 92.887 0 92.8870
(V-100) Out 3240
11 3033.713 113.4 3147.1130
In 12 3033.713 113.4 3147.113 3147.1130
Flash Drum
13 240.093 0 240.0930
(V-101) Out 3147.1130
14 2793.62 113.4 2907.0200
In 15 2793.62 113.4 2907.02 2907.0200
Flash Drum
16 291.49 0 291.4900
(V-102) Out 2907.0200
17 2502.13 113.4 2615.5300
In 18 2502.13 113.4 2615.53 2615.5300
Flash Drum
19 318.434 0 318.4340
(V-103) Out 2615.5300
20 2183.696 113.4 2297.0960
In 21 2183.696 113.4 2297.096 2297.0960
Flash Drum
22 682.997 0 682.9970
(V-104) Out 2297.0960
23 1500.699 113.4 1614.0990
In 24 1500.699 113.4 1614.099 1614.0990
Flash Drum
25 1177.206 0 1177.2060
(V-105) Out 1614.0990
26 323.493 113.4 436.8930
In 27 323.493 113.4 436.893 436.8930
Flash Drum
28 310.171 0 310.1710
(V-106) Out 436.8930
29 13.322 113.4 126.7220
In 41 3113.278 0 3113.278 3113.2780
Flash Drum
42 2733.458 0 2733.4580
(V-107) Out 3113.2780
43 379.82 0 379.8200
In 31 13.322 113.4 126.722 126.7220

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Centrifuge 32 0.119 108.029 108.1480

Out 126.7220
(S-100) 33 13.204 5.37 18.5740
Crystallizer In 30 13.322 113.4 126.722 126.7220
(C-100) Out 31 13.322 113.4 126.7220 126.7220
35 92.887 0 92.887
36 240.093 0 240.093
37 291.489 0 291.489
Mixer In 38 318.435 0 318.435 3113.2780
(MX-100) 39 682.997 0 682.997
40 1177.206 0 1177.206
28 310.171 0 310.171
Out 41 3113.278 0 3113.2780 3113.2780

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3.2. Energy Balance
Table 3. 2. Energy Balance of Equipment

Equipment Input (kJ/h) Output (kJ/h) Delta (kJ/h)

TOTAL

The overall energy balance is

= 0

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21107312998 (21107591972 ) 278974.24 = 0

3.3. Product Conversion Efficiency

Saline water from seawater will be converted to solar salt. According to
Table 3.1., the product conversion efficiency is

= 100%

113.3995 /
= 100%
113.4 /

= 99.9 %

3.4. Product Yield

Calculation of yield based on seawater
3240 /
= 100% = 28.57
113.3995 /

It means that to get 1 ton of solar salt, we need 28.57 tonnes of seawater.

3.5. Energy Consumption of Unit Product

The total required energy shown in Table 3.9 is 315,823.68 kJ in an hour.
The energy required to get solar salt 99.6 purity is

278974.24 24

= 59042.4275
113.3995

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