Chapter 8: The Telephone System TRUE/FALSE

1. A telephone from 1930 could not work on today\'s public switched telephone network.

: F

2. The public switched telephone network is changing from an all analog to a mostly digital
system.

: T

3. A LATA is a local calling area.

: T

4. A feature of the public switched telephone system is that calls cannot be \"blocked\".

: F

5. Telephones connect to the central office via trunk lines.

: F

6. The telephone switching hierarchy is being replaced by a \"flat\" network topology.

: T

7. Most local loops still use copper wire.

: T

8. A \"twisted-pair\" is twisted to minimize \"crosstalk\".

: T

9. The wires in a local loop are called TIP and GND.

: F

10. In a local loop, the red wire is positive.

: F

11. In a local loop, the TIP wire is positive.

: T

12. Local loops can carry voice signals in only one direction at a time.

: F

13. Local loops carry DC current.

: T

14. Local loops carry signaling information.

: T

15. Loading coils allow high-speed data loads to be carried on a local loop.

: F

16. Typically, when a phone is on hook, a voltage of 48 volts appears across it.

: T

17. When a telephone is off hook, the DC voltage across it can drop substantially from its on-
hook value.

: T 18. The DC resistance of a telephone is about 2000 ohms.

19. When a telephone is on hook, the DC current through it is in the range of 20 to 80 mA.

: F

20. Touch-Tone is a registered trademark of AT&T.

: T

21. DTMF is the same as Touch-Tone.

: T
22. DTMF uses sets of 3 tones.

: F

23. The technology to \"dial\" telephone numbers was invented in 1893.

: T

24. A crosspoint switch allows any incoming line to be connected to any outgoing line.

: T

25. The central office uses 24 volts AC at 20 hertz to cause a telephone to ring.

: F

26. The local-loop is full-duplex.

: T

27. Telephones usually contain a hybrid coil or an equivalent circuit.

: T

28. To allow for \"sidetone\", a hybrid coil should be slightly unbalanced.

: T
29. The signal levels in analog telephone systems have increased substantially over the past 100
years.

: F

30. The signal levels in modern analog telephone systems are still based on 19th-century
technology.

: T

31. To allow multiplexing, the bandwidth of voice-grade telephone signals is deliberately

restricted.

: T

32. The net gain of a telephone system must be greater than 0 dB for an acceptable signal level.

: F

33. Too much gain in a telephone system causes \"singing\".

: T

34. Echo suppressors prevent oscillations on long-distance telephone circuits.

: T

35. Echo suppressors can be switched off by a subscriber\'s equipment.

: T
36. C-message weighting increases the bandwidth of a local loop.

: F

37. The reference level for measuring noise in a telephone system is 1012 Watts.

: T

38. In a telephone system, signal strength is given relative to the zero transmission loss point.

: T

39. TDM is being replaced by the newer FDM technology in telephone systems.

: F

40. DS-1 can be used to carry digital data that did not originate as a voice signal.

: T

41. When using DS-1 to carry data, it is common to use each channel to carry 64 kbps.

: F

42. Digital carriers up to T3 can use copper wires.

: F

43. A DS-1C signal carries twice as many channels as a DS-1 signal.

: T

44. A DS-1C signal uses twice the bit rate of a DS-1 signal.

: F

45. \"Stuff\" bits are used to compensate for differences in clock rates.

: T

46. Every \"in-channel\" signal is also an \"in-band\" signal.

: F

47. Common-channel signaling is being replaced by the more modern MF signaling.

: F

48. Common-channel signaling reduces opportunities for stealing telephone service.

: T

49. ADSL is faster than ISDN.

: T

50. B-ISDN is a slower version of standard ISDN.

: F

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. DTMF stands for: a. Digital Telephony Multiple Frequency c. Dual-Tone

Multifrequency b. Dial Tone Master Frequency d. Digital Trunk Master Frequency

: C

2. PSTN stands for: a. Public Switched Telephone Network c. Primary Service Telephone
Network b. Private Switched Telephone Network d. Primary Service Telephone Numbers

: A

3. POTS stands for: a. Private Office Telephone System c. Primary Operational Test System
b. Primary Office Telephone Service d. Plain Old Telephone Service

: D

4. LATA stands for: a. Local Access and Transport Area c. Local Area Telephone Access b.
Local Access Telephone Area d. Local Area Transport Access

: A

5. A LATA is a: a. a local calling area c. a way of accessing a tandem office b. a type of

digital local network d. a way of accessing a central office

: A
6. Central offices are connected by: a. local loops c. both a and b b.trunk lines d. none of
the above

: B

7. Local loops terminate at: a. a tandem office c. a central office b. a toll station d.an
interexchange office

: C

8. Call blocking: a. cannot occur in the public telephone network b. occurs on the local loop
when there is an electrical power failure c. occurs only on long-distance cables d. occurs when
the central office capacity is exceeded

: D

9. In telephony, POP stands for: a. Post Office Protocol c. Power-On Protocol b. Point
Of Presence d. none of the above

: B

10. The cable used for local loops is mainly: a. twisted-pair copper wire c. coaxial cable b.
shielded twisted-pair copper wire d. fiber-optic

: A

11. FITL stands for: a. Framing Information for Toll Loops c. Framing In The Loop b.
Fiber In the Toll Loop d. Fiber-In-The-Loop

: D

12. Loading coils were used to: a. increase the speed of the local loop for digital data b. reduce
the attenuation of voice signals c. reduce crosstalk d. provide C-type conditioning to a local loop

: B

13. DC current flows through a telephone: a. when it is on hook c. as long as it is attached

to a local loop b. when it is off hook d. only when it is ringing

: B

14. The range of DC current that flows through a telephone is: a. 20 A to 80 A c. 2

mA to 8 mA b.200 A to 800 A d. 20 mA to 80 mA

: D

15. The separation of control functions from signal switching is known as: a. step-by-step
switching control c. common control b. crossbar control d. ESS

: C

16. The typical voltage across a telephone when on-hook is: a. 48 volts DC c. 90 volts DC
b. 48 volts, 20 hertz AC d. 90 volts, 20 hertz AC

: A

17. The typical voltage needed to \"ring\" a telephone is: a. 48 volts DC c. 90 volts DC b.
48 volts, 20 hertz AC d. 90 volts, 20 hertz AC

: D

18. The bandwidth of voice-grade signals on a telephone system is restricted in order to: a.
allow lines to be \"conditioned\" c. allow signals to be multiplexed b.
prevent \"singing\" d. all of the above
: C

19. VNL stands for: a. voltage net loss c. via net loss b. volume net loss d. voice
noise level

: C

20. Signal loss is designed into a telephone system to: a. eliminate reflections c. improve
signal-to-noise ratio b. prevent oscillation d. reduce power consumption

: B

21. The reference noise level for telephony is: a. 1 mW c. 1 pW b. 0 dBm d. 0 dBr

: C

22. The number of voice channels in a basic FDM group is: a. 6 c. 24 b. 12 d. 60

: B

23. Basic FDM groups can be combined into: a. supergroups c. jumbogroups b.

mastergroups d. all of the above

: D

24. In telephone system FDM, voice is put on a carrier using: a.SSB c. PDM b. DSBSC d.
PCM

: A
25. PABX stands for: a.Power Amplification Before Transmission b. Private Automatic Branch
Exchange c. Public Automated Branch Exchange d. Public Access Branch Exchange

: B

26. SLIC stands for: a. Single-Line Interface Circuit c. Subscriber Line Interface Card b.
Standard Line Interface Card d. Standard Local Interface Circuit

: C

27. In DS-1, bits are \"robbed\" in order to: a. provide synchronization c. cancel echoes b.
carry signalingd. check for errors

: B

28. \"Bit-stuffing\" is more formally called: a. compensation c. justification b. rectification

d. frame alignment

: C

29. ISDN stands for: a. Integrated Services Digital Network c. Integrated Services Data
Network b. Information Services Digital Network d. Information Systems Digital Network

: A

30. Basic ISDN has not been widely adopted because: a. it took to long to develop b. it is too
slow c. it has been surpassed by newer technologies d. all of the above

: D

31. ADSL stands for: a.All-Digital Subscriber Line c. Allocated Digital Service Line b.
 Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line d. Access to Data Services Line

: B

32. Compared to ISDN, internet access using ADSL is typically: a. much faster c. much more
expensive b. about the same speed d. none of the above

: A

COMPLETION 1. A ____________________ is a local calling area.

: LATA

2. Central offices are connected together by ____________________ lines.

: trunk

3. One central office can be connected to another through a ____________________ office.

: tandem

4. With 7-digit phone numbers, ____________________ thousand telephones can connect to a

central office.

: ten

5. Call ____________________ is when it becomes impossible for a subscriber to place a call

due to an overload of lines being used.

: blocking
6. New ____________________ switching equipment uses TDM to combine signals.

: digital

7. Most local loops still use ____________________ copper wire.

: twisted-pair

8. As compared to a hierarchical network, a ____________________ network never needs more

than one intermediate switch.

: flat

9. ____________________ coils were used to reduce the attenuation of voice frequencies.

: Loading

10. In a twisted-pair telephone cable, the red wire is called ____________________.

: ring

11. In a twisted-pair telephone cable, the green wire is called ____________________.

: tip

12. Of the red and green \'phone wires, the ____________________ wire is positive with respect
to the other.

: green
13. A telephone is said to have ____________________ the line when the central office sends it
dial tone.

: seized

14. The ____________________ functions are provided by a SLIC.

: BORSCHT

15. A ____________________ coil prevents loss of signal energy within a telephone while
allowing full-duplex operation over a single pair of wires.

: hybrid

16. In a crosspoint switch, not all ____________________ can be in use at the same time.

: lines

17. The old carbon transmitters generated a relatively ____________________ signal voltage.

: large

18. The generic term for Touch-Tone signaling is ____________________.

: DTMF

19. A ____________________ line provides more bandwidth than a standard line.

: conditioned
20. In the telephone system, amplifiers are called ____________________.

: repeaters

21. An echo ____________________ converts a long-distance line from full-duplex to half-

duplex operation.

: suppressor

22. ____________________ weighting is an attempt to adjust the noise or signal level to the
response of a typical telephone receiver.

: C-message

23. In FDM telephony, the modulation is usually ____________________.

: SSB SSBSC

24. In FDM telephony, ____________________ bands separate the channels in a group.

: guard

25. Because of \"bit robbing\", a channel in a DS-1 frame allows only ____________________
kbps when used to send digital data.

: 56

26. A ____________________ is a group of 12 DS-1 frames with signaling information in the

sixth and twelfth frames.
: superframe

27. In DS-1C, ____________________ bits are used to compensate for differences between
clock rates.

: stuff

28. Busy and dial tone are referred to as ____________________ signals because they use the
same pair of wires as the voice signal.

: in-channel

29. SS7 is the current version of _________________________ signaling.

: common-channel

30. SS7 is a ____________________-switched data network.

: packet

31. In ISDN, the ____________________ channel is used for common-channel signaling.

: D

32. In ISDN, the ____________________ channels are used for voice or data.

: B

33. Terminal equipment especially designed for ISDN is designated ____________________

equipment.
: TE1

34. The A in ADSL stands for ____________________.

: asymmetrical

35. In ADSL, the speed from the network to the subscriber is ____________________ than the
speed in the opposite direction.

: greater faster

SHORT

WER 1. For a certain telephone, the DC loop voltage is 48 V on hook and 8 V off hook. If the
loop current is 40 mA, what is the DC resistance of the local loop?

2. For a certain telephone, the DC loop voltage is 48 V on hook and 8 V off hook. If the loop
current is 40 mA, what is the DC resistance of the telephone?

: 200 ohms

3. Which two DTMF tones correspond to the digit \"1\"? (Use the table in the text.)

: 697 Hz and 1209 Hz

4. Calculate the dB of VNL required for a channel with a 3 ms delay.

: 1 dB

5. If a telephone voice signal has a level of 0 dBm, what is its level in dBrn?
: 90 dBrn

6. A telephone test-tone has a level of 80 dBrn at a point where the level is +5dB TLP. If C-
weighting produces a 10-dB loss, what would the signal level be in dBrnc0?

: 65 dBrnc TLP