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DISASTER MANAGEMENT
AN OVERVIEW

BY

BRIG. D.V.RAO, V.S.M., (Retd)

CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT & DISASTERS
A. P.A.R.D.

Damage CYCLONE
Potential

Poorer than
Society before

Elements at Risk
 Disruption of
Huge Losses/ Normal life &
Damages Development
Suffers

Damage HAZARD
Potential

Awareness- Effect
on Elements
Quicker
Society
Loading Recovery

Elements at Risk
Action
Communities
Plans More
Huge Losses/ Resilient
Damages

More Stable Society

Reduced
Losses

Damage HAZARD
Potential

Elements at Risk
 Societal Elements
Natural Features People & Live-stock
River/Stream Banks Huts & Semi-permanent Houses
Low-lying Areas Weak Buildings
Sea & Sea-coast Agri. & Horticultural crops
Slopes of hills
Livelihood tools / Equipment
Unsecured personal assets
Public Infrastructure

Scale of Disaster
Is Dependent on :
Lead Time Available.
Intensity of Hazard.
Duration.
Spatial Extent.
Loading
Density of Population & Assets.
Time of Occurrence.
Vulnerabilities existing in the Elements at
Risk.
Hazard X Vulnerability =
Disaster

ELEMENTS AT RISK
People
Livestock
 Rural Housing Stock
Houses Vulnerable
Crops, Trees,Telephone, Electric poles
Boats, Looms, Working Implements
Personal Property
Electricity, Water and Food Supplies
Infrastructure Support

AIMS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Reduce (Avoid, if possible) the
potential losses from hazards.

Assure prompt and appropriate

assistance to victims when necessary.

Achieve rapid and durable recovery.

 DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
PRE-DISASTER DURING DISASTER

Preparation
Emergency
Phase

Rescue &
POS
Normal
Phase
Relief T-
Rehabilitation DIS
Mitigation
AST
Reconstruction
ER
Integration
into NDP*

Stages of Disaster
Cyclone

BEFORE DURING AFTER

Jan - Apr MAY June- Oct

Well Before
Weeks-Months

Just Before - Actual Time

Hours Period
 Rescue Relief Rehabilitation Reconstruction

Role Players in Disasters

People : Individuals, House -Holds,
Volunteers
Gram Panchayat : Sarpanch, Panchayati
Secretary, Panchayati Members
Village Elders : Caste/Community/Religious
Leaders, Teachers, Doctors, Engineers,
Retired Army & Police Personnel
Govt. Deptl. Officers : Agriculture, Medical,
Engineers (Housing, Roads & Buildings,
Irrigation) Revenue Department, Public
Health, Police etc. NGOs

DEFINITIONS OF
VULNERABILITY
The extent to which a community,
structure, service or geographic area is
likely to be damaged or disrupted by
 Loading
the impact of particular disaster
hazard
Vulnerability is the propensity of
things to be damaged by a hazard.

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
Disaster preparedness aims at minimizing the
adverse effects of a hazard -

Through effective precautionary actions

Ensure timely, appropriate and efficient

organisation and delivery of emergency response
following the impact of a disaster.

PREPAREDNESS
Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping to include
Resources.
 Assess strengthening requirements and execute.
Funding for preparedness must be arranged.
Peoples cooperation through Political leaders, elders,
Volunteers and NGOs
Create lead time by interpreting Warnings
Plan to include movement of resources with time frame.
Aim to reduce the destructive potential of cyclones,
timely & appropriate relief to victims and quick &
durable recovery

Disaster Preparedness
Framework
COMPONENTS OF PREPAREDNESS

Vulnerability Planning Institutional

Assessment Framework
Information Resource Base Warning
System Systems

Response Public Rehearsals

Mechanisms Education and
Training
 Disaster Response Activities
Warning
Evacuation/Mitigation
Search and Rescue
Assessment
Emergency Relief
Logistics and Supply
Communication and information Management
Survivor Response and coping
Security
EOC & coordination
Expedite rehabilitation and reconstruction.

Floods and Water Hazards

Elements at Risk Main Mitigation
Everything in the Strategies.
flood plain. Land use control
Earthen or soluble Engineering of strictures
structures Elevation of structures
Buried services and Flood control structures
utilities Reforestation projects
 (watershed
Food stores management)
Crops and livestock

Strong Winds
Main Mitigation
Elements at Risk
Strategies.
Lightweight structures.
Elevated utilities (Power Structural engineering
and communication measures.
lines) Planting of
Fishing boats and other windbreaks.
maritime industries.