TETRA CS Neptune Product Development

TETRA Technology Center was contracted by an operating company to deliver an innovative, high-density zinc- and formate-
free completion fluid.

The Technology Center developed TETRA CS Neptune. The engineered design was founded on our completion fluids
knowledge, our halides manufacturing expertise, and renewable chemistry. TETRA CS Neptune addresses the environmental
challenges facing offshore oil producers seeking an alternative to zinc brines classified as marine pollutants in the U.S.
and prohibited for use in the North Sea since the 1990s. Cesium formates replaced zinc brines in the North Sea and, until
now, were the only viable option. TETRA CS Neptune meets the environmental requirements for the Gulf of Mexico and
North Sea and can be used in other sensitive environments.

TETRA Technology Center was able to deliver a solution on this challenging task within 18 months. TETRA CS Neptune is a
low-solids completion fluid that performs at low temperatures and high pressures without crystallization.

Features
Stable at elevated temperatures and during storage
Mixable with standard clear brine fluid mixing equipment
Compatible with elastomers and poses low-corrosion risk
Can be formulated as a low-solids reservoir drill-in fluid
Performs at low tempratures and high pressures without crystallization
Can be formulated to a density of 15.4 ppg

Benefits
Does not contain zinc or other priority pollutants
Meets GOM and North Sea Environmental requirements
Formulated from renewable products, ensuring availability of supply
Poses low health and safety risks to rigsite and plant personnel
Significantly lower per-barrel cost than alternative fluid chemistries
Does not require zero-discharge system of work
Requires no special mixing, handling, or storage equipment at rigsite
Can be reclaimed for reuse, using standard technology

TETRA CS Neptune is one of the many ways the Technology Center puts their customers first. We specialize in providing
custom solutions to our clients experimental needs and exceed their expectations. We offer a wide-range of laboratory
services and technical expertise to address the industrys ever changing challenges.

To learn more about TETRA's laboratory and technology services, visit tetratec.com

Copyright 2015 TETRA Technologies, Inc.

About Us

Our Technology Center provides dedicated Research and Development and Technical Service support on
wellbore fluids including:

Completion fluids Insulating packer fluids

Wellbore cleaning chemicals Filtercake breakers

Reservoir drilling fluids Brine reclamation solutions

Notable Achievements
Fluids
PayZone DIF: Reservoir drilling fluids capable of formulation in monovalent and divalent brines

ThermaFix: Series of insulating packer fluids

TETRA CS Neptune: Unique, environmentally acceptable, high-density clear brine

Density up to 15.4 ppg
Suitable for use in deepwater and HPHT projects

Corrosion
Pioneering work on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Corrosion Resistant Alloys resulted in software
(MatchWell) able to correlate tubing metallurgy, brine composition, and temperature with the
risk of corrosion cracking

Contributed to Industry Consortium on corrosion of titanium alloys

Proprietary Software
DeepDesign: a displacement model used during the planning of wellbore cleanups

MatchWell: a corrosion database used to assess the risk of stress corrosion cracking
in corrosion resistant alloys

TP-Pro: software used to calculate the effects of downhole temperatures and pressures on fluid density