General Special or Limited Original Exclusive and Original Appellate

RTC is a court of Section 23. Special The RTC shall exercise A. Under BP 129: Sec.22 of BP 129
general jurisdiction jurisdiction to try special original jurisdiction over (1) In all civil actions in which the subject of the provides:
because all cases, the cases. The Supreme the following cases, to wit: litigation is incapable of pecuniary estimation; RTC shall exercise appellate
jurisdiction of which is Court may designate a. Actions involving jurisdiction over all cases
not specifically certain branches of the ambassadors, public (2) In all civil actions which involve the title to, decided by METC, MTC, and
provided by law to be Regional Trial Courts to ministers, and or possession of, real property, or any interest MCTC in their respective
within the jurisdiction handle exclusively consuls; therein, where the assessed value of the property territorial jurisdictions.
of any other court falls criminal cases, juvenile (Concurrent Juris with involved exceeds Twenty thousand pesos
within the jurisdiction and domestic relations SC) (P20,000.00) or for civil actions in Metro Manila, where Such cases shall be decided
of the RTC. cases, agrarian cases, such the value exceeds Fifty thousand pesos on the basis of the entire
urban land reform cases b. Over petition for (50,000.00) except actions for forcible entry into and record of the proceedings
Specific provision: which do not fall under the c,p,m,qw,hc, writ of unlawful detainer of lands or buildings, original had in the court of origin
RTC Sec.19(6)In all cases jurisdiction of quasi- amparo, hd, and writ jurisdiction over which is conferred upon Metropolitan such memoranda and/or
not within the judicial bodies and of Kalikasan, writ of Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, and Municipal briefs as may be submitted
exclusive jurisdiction agencies, and/or such continuing mandamus Circuit Trial Courts; by the parties or required by
of any court, tribunal, other special cases as the and injunctions; the RTCs.
person or body Supreme Court may (C.Juris w/ SC, CA,&SB) (3) In all actions in admiralty and maritime
exercising jurisdiction determine in the interest jurisdiction where he demand or claim exceeds One The decisions of the RTC in
or any court, tribunal, of a speedy and efficient hundred thousand pesos (P300,000.00) or , in Metro such cases shall be
person or body administration of justice. Manila, where such demand or claim exceeds Two appealable by petition for
exercising judicial or hundred thousand pesos (400,000.00); review to the CA which
quasi-judicial - RTC and MeTC/MTCs may give it due course only
functions exercises special (4) In all matters of probate, both testate and when the petition shows
xxx jurisdiction. intestate, where the gross value of the estate exceeds prima facie that the lc has
One hundred thousand pesos (P300,000.00) or, in committed an error of fact
probate matters in Metro Manila, where such gross or law that will warrant a
value exceeds Two hundred thousand pesos reversal or modification of
(400,000.00); the decision or judgment
sought to be reviewed.
(5) In all actions involving the contract of marriage
and marital relations; (within FC)

(6) In all cases not within the exclusive jurisdiction

of any court, tribunal, person or body exercising
jurisdiction or any court, tribunal, person or body
exercising judicial or quasi-judicial functions; (General
Jurisdiction of the RTC)

(7)In all civil actions and special proceedings falling

within the exclusive original jurisdiction of a Juvenile
and Domestic Relations Court and of the Courts
of Agrarian Relations as now provided by law (FC na
ito); and

(8) In all other cases in which the demand, exclusive

of interest, damages of whatever kind, attorney's fees,
litigation expenses, and costs or the value of the
property in controversy exceeds One hundred
thousand pesos (300,000.00) or, in such other
abovementioned items exceeds Two hundred
thousand pesos (400,000.00). (as amended by R.A.
No. 7691*)

B. Over cases involving intra-corporate

controversies under the provisions of S5.2 of the
SEC:
a) Cases involving devices and schemes employed by
or any acts of the board of directors, business
associations, its officers or partnership, amounting to
fraud or misrepresentation which may be detrimental
to the interest of the public, and/or of the
stockholders, partners, members of associations,
organizations registered with the Commission;
b) Controversies arising out of intra-corporate or
partnership relations, between any or all of them and
the corporation or partnership or association of which
they are stockholders, members or association and the
state insofar as it concerns their individual franchise or
right to exist as such entity;
c) Controversies in the elections and appointments of
directors, trustees, officers, or managers of such
corporations, partnerships, or associations;
d) Petitions of corporations, partnership or
associations to be declared in the state of suspension
of payments in case where the c,p, or a possesses
sufficient property to cover all debts but foresees the
impossibility of meeting them when they respectively
fall due or in case where the c,p, or a has no sufficient
assets to cover liabilities, but is under the
management of the Rehabilitation Receiver or
Management Committee.

C. RTC acting as Special Agrarian Court for a province

has the original and exclusive jurisdiction over all
petitions for the determination of j.c. in that province.
 It has eoj over two categories of cases:
(1) all petitions for the determination of j.c.;
(2) the prosecution of all criminal offenses under RA
6657;

D. Over petition for annulment of judgment over

decision and final orders of the MeTC, MTC, MCTC;
E. Civil cases for Infringement of Copyright and Unfair
Competition under the provisions of the IP Code;
F. RTC acting as Family Court has jurisdiction over
petitions for guardianship, custody of minor, hc in
relation to minor;
G. Petition for custody of minor, hc in relation to the
latter;
H. Petition for adoption of children and revocation of
adoption;
I. Complaints for annulment of marriage and
declaration of nullity of marriage and those relating to
marital status and property relations of h&w or those
living together under different status and agreements,
and dissolution of conjugal partnership of gains;
J.Petition for support and/or acknowledgment;
K. Summary Judicial Proceedings brought under the
provision of EO 209;
L. Petition for construction of family home;
M. Petition for declaration of status of children as
abandoned, dependent, or neglected children;
N. Petition for involuntary commitment of a child, or
removal of custody against child placement, or child
caring agency or individual, or commitment of disabled
child;
O. Petition for civil forfeiture of monetary instrument,
property, or proceeds representing involving, or
relating to an unlawful activity, or to a money
laundering offenses.

Special Exclusive and Original Delegated Jurisdiction

 In the absence of all the A. Under B.P. Blg. 129: 1. The MTC also exercises delegated
Regional Trial Judges in a Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts shall exercise: jurisdiction in cadastral and land
province or city, any 1. Exclusive original jurisdiction over civil actions and probate proceedings, testate and intestate, registration cases covering lots where
Metropolitan Trial Judge, including the grant of provisional remedies in proper cases, where the value of the personal property, there is no controversy or opposition, or
Municipal Trial Judge, estate, or amount of the demand does not exceed One hundred thousand pesos (P300,000.00) or, in contested lots the value of which dies not
MCT Judge may hear and Metro Manila where such personal property, estate, or amount of the demand does not exceed Two exceed P100k, as may be delegated by
decide petitions for a hundred thousand pesos (P400,000.00) exclusive of interest damages of whatever kind, attorney's the SC.
writ of habeas corpus fees, litigation expenses, and costs, the amount of which must be specifically alleged: Provided, That
or applications for bail where there are several claims or causes of action between the same or different parties, embodied in - The value of the lot shall be ascertained by
in criminal cases in the the same complaint, the amount of the demand shall be the totality of the claims in all the causes of the:
province or city where action, irrespective of whether the causes of action arose out of the same or different transactions; a. affidavit of the claimant; or
METC/ the absent RT Judge sit. b. agreement of the respective claimants if
MTC/ 2. Exclusive original jurisdiction over cases of forcible entry and unlawful detainer: Provided, That when, there are more than one; or
MTCC in such cases, the defendant raises the question of ownership in his pleadings and the question of c. from the corresponding tax declaration of
possession cannot be resolved without deciding the issue of ownership, the issue of ownership shall the real property.
be resolved only to determine the issue of possession;
- The decision of the MTC shall be appealable
3. Exclusive original jurisdiction in all civil actions which involve title to, or possession of, real property, in the same manner as the decision of the
or any interest therein where the assessed value of the property or interest therein does not exceed RTC. Hence, the MTC, acting under its
Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000.00) or, in civil actions in Metro Manila, where such assessed value delegated jurisdiction, may be deemed to be
does not exceed Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) exclusive of interest, damages of whatever kind, acting as a RTC. The decision of the MTC in
attorney's fees, litigation expenses and costs: Provided, That value of such property shall be cadastral and land registration cases,
determined by the assessed value of the adjacent lots. (as amended by R.A. No. 7691) therefore, shall be appealable to the CA
following the procedure in Rule 41.
B. Cases under Rules on Summary Procedure:
1. All cases of forcible entry and unlawful detainer, irrespective of the amount of damages or unpaid
rentals sought to be recovered. Where attorneys fees are awarded, the same shall not exceed
P20,000.00;

2. All other cases, except probate proceedings, where the total amount of plaintiffs claim does not exceed
P100,000.00 or P200,000.00 in Metropolitan Manila, exclusive of interest and costs.

C. Small Claims Cases

- Section 2 of 2016 RRoP for SC Cases provides that said Rules shall govern the procedure in actions before
the MeTCs, MTCCs, MTCs and MCTC for payment of money where the value of the claim does not exceed
P200,000.00 exclusive of interest and costs.

- This Rule shall in all actions that are purely in all actions that are purely civil in nature where the claim
or relief prayed for by the plaintiff is solely for payment or reimbursement of sum of money. The claim or
demand may be:
a. For money owed under any of the following: Contract of Lease, Loan, Services, Sale, or Mortgage.
b. For liquidated damages arising from contracts;
c. The enforcement of barangay amicable settlement or an arbitration award involving a money claim
covered by this Rule pursuant to Sec. 417 of RA 7160 (LGC).

Gen. Decided En Banc Original Exclusive and Appellate

Original
 Under the 1987 Phil. Constitution, The SC shall exercise original The SC has SC has the power to review, revise, reverse, modify, or affirm on
the following cases should be jurisdiction over the following exclusive original appeal or certiorari, as the law or the RoC may provide, final
heard by the SC en banc: cases, to wit: (subject to Doct. jurisdiction over judgments and orders of lower courts in:
of Hierarchy of Courts) petition for
a. All cases involving the certiorari, a. All cases in which the constitutionality or validity of any treaty,
constitutionality of a treaty, a. Actions involving prohibition, and international or executive agreement, law, pd, proclamation,
international or executive ambassadors, public mandamus against order, instruction, ordinance, or regulation is in question;
agreement, or law. (S4[2], A8) minsters, and consuls; judgment, final b. All cases involving the legality of any tax, impost, assessment,
b. All cases which, under the RoC (C.Juris with RTC) order, and or toll, or any penalty imposed in relation thereto;
are required to be heard en resolutions of the c. All cases in which the jurisdiction of any lower court is in issue;
banc. (ibid) b. Over petition for following: d. All criminal cases in which the penalty imposed is rp or higher;
SC c. All cases involving the c,p,m,qw,hc, writ of e. All cases in which only an error or question of law is involved.
constitutionality, application, amparo, hd, and writ of a. CA;
or operation of pds, Kalikasan, writ of b. SB; SC has appellate jurisdiction over judgment, final orders, and
proclamations, orders, continuing mandamus and c. CTA; resolutions of the following courts:
instructions, ordinances, and injunctions; d. COMELEC;
other regulations. (ibid) (C.Juris w/ RTC, CA,&SB) e. COA; a. The CA under Rule 45;
d. Cases heard by a division when f. Ombudsman in b. Sb under PD 1606 as amended by RA 7975 and RA 8294 in
the required number in the - The procedure in original Criminal Cases. relation to rule 45;
division is not obtained. cases for c,p,m,qw,&hc, shall c. RTC under Rule 45;
(S4[3], A8) be in accordance with the d. CA, SB, and RTC in petition for writ of Amparo (S19, AM No.
e. Cases involving a modification following: 07-9-12-SC, October 24, 2007);
or reversal of a doctrine or a. applicable provisions of the e. CA, SB, and RTC in a petition for hd (S19 of AM No. 08-1-16-
principle of law laid down Constitution; SC, February 2, 2008).
previously by the SC in a b. applicable provisions of - As a general rule, the decision, fo, and resolution of the above
decision rendered en banc or laws; and mentioned courts are based on pure questions of law under Rule
by a division. (ibid) c. the provisions of Rules 46, 45 of the 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure by way of Petition for review
f. Cases involving the discipline 48, 49, 51, and 52 (S2, on Certiorari.
of judges of lower courts. Rule 56, RoC)
(S11,A8) - A question of law exists when there is doubt or controversy as
g. Contests relating to the Con. orig. jurisdiction with the to what law is on a certain state of facts. On the other hand, a
election, returns, and CA in petitions for c,p, & question of fact exists when the doubt or controversy arises as to
qualifications of the President mandamus against the: the truth or falsity of the alleged facts. The resolution of a question
or VP (sitting as PET). (S4, last a. RTC; of fact necessarily involves a calibration of the evidence, the
par., Art. 7) b. CSC; credibility of the witnesses, the existence and the relevance of
c. Central Board of surrounding circumstances, and the probability of specific
Assessment Appeals; situations.
d. NLRC; and
e. Other qj agencies.

Original Exclusive and Original Appellate

a. Petition for CA shall exercise eoj over petition for certiorari, Sec. 9(3) of BP 129 states that CA exercises exclusive appellate jurisdiction
c,p,m,qw,hc; prohibition, or mandamus against: over all final judgements, resolutions, orders or awards of Regional Trial Courts
 and quasi-judicial agencies, instrumentalities, boards or commission, including the
b. Petition for writ of (a)Decision, fo, and resolution of the RTC; Securities and Exchange Commission, the Social Security Commission, the
amparo, habeas data, (b)Decisions, fo, and reso of the NLRC; Employees Compensation Commission and the Civil Service Commission, Except
continuing mandamus, (c)Decisions, fo of the Sec. of Labor and Employment those falling within the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in accordance
and kalikasan. in the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction over with the Constitution, the Labor Code of the Philippines under Presidential Decree
decision, final orders of the following offices, to wit: No. 442, as amended, the provisions of this Act, and of subparagraph (1) of the
c. Actions for annulment third paragraph and subparagraph 4 of the fourth paragraph of Section 17 of the
of judgment of the c.1.POEA adminis. in the exercise of its adjudicatory Judiciary Act of 1948.
RTC; and function in case of violation of the LC, and POEA r&r;
Simplified:
d. Petition for freeze order c.2Decision of the Sec. of LE over a decision of its 1) RTC in the exercise of its oj under Sec. 2(a), Rule 41 by way of ordinary
CA on any monetary duly authorized rep. brought on appeal in case of appeal; a party desiring to appeal a decision of the RTC rendered in the
instrument, property, violation of apprenticeship agreement which is exercise of its appellate jurisdiction may file a verified petition for review
or proceeds relating to already final and executory; with the CA.
or involving any 2) Rule 43 of ROCP provides:
unlawful activity as c.3Decision of the National Wage Productivity This Rule shall apply to appeals from judgments or final orders of the CTA and
defined under Sec.3(j) Commision on appeal over Wage order by the from awards, judgments, final orders or resolutions of or authorized by any qja in
of RA 9160 as amended Regional Tripartite Wage Productivity Board; the exercise of its qj functions. Among these agencies are the:
by RA 9194. a. CSC;
c.4Decision over direct and indirect contempt cases b. SEC;
decided by the NLRC; c. OP;
d. Land Registration Authority;
c.5Decision of the SLE on appeal in case of denial of e. SS Commission;
union registration by the RD or the Bureau of Labor f. Civil Aeronautics Board;
Relations; g. Bureau of Patents Trademarks and Technology Transfer;
h. National Electrification Administration;
c.6Decision of the BLR on appeal over the order of i. Energy Regulatory Board;
cancellations of union registration; and j. NTC;
k. DAR;
c.7Decisions of the SLE on appeal over the order of l. GSIS;
the BLR over intra-labor dispute. m. Employees Compensation Commission;
n. Agricultural Inventions Board;
(d)EOJ over petition for annulment of judgment in o. Insurance Commission;
case of final and executory decision of the RTC. p. Philippine Atomic Energy Commission;
(governed by Rule 47). q. Board of Investments;
r. Construction Industry Arbitration Commission;
s. Voluntary Arbitration;
t. Decision of the office of the Ombudsman in admin. cases

Original Exclusive and Original Appellate

 3) Decisions of MeTC, MTC/MCTC issued based on their delegated jurisdiction in
cadastral and land registration cases under Section 34 of B.P. Blg. 129 shall be
appealable in the same manner as decisions of the RTCs.

- Section 9(3), par. 2 of B.P. 129, provides for the power of the CA in exercising
CA exclusive and appellate jurisdiction. It states that, The CA shall have the power to
try cases and conduct hearings, receive evidence and perform any and all acts
necessary to resolve factual issues raised in cases falling within its original and
appellate jurisdiction, including the power to grant and conduct new trials or further
proceedings. Trials or hearings in the CA must be continuous and must be completed
within three (3) months, unless extended by the CJ.

Exclusive Appellate Jurisdiction Jurisdiction over tax collection cases

CTA is co-equal with the CA. The decisions of the Divisions of the CTA are now reviewed under
a procedure analogous to that provided for in Rule 43 of the 1997 RoCP with the CTA, which 1. EOJ in tax collection cases involving final and
shall hear the case en banc and the latter by the SC on questions of law under Rule 45. (S9, executory assessments for taxes, fees, charges, and
RA 9282, as amended) (CTA Division CTA en banc SC) penalties. Provided, however, That collection cases
where the principal amount of taxes and fees,
CTA The CTA has exclusive appellate jurisdiction over the following, to wit: exclusive of charges and penalties claimed, is less
a. Decision of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue in cases involving disputed than One million pesos (P1M) shall be tried by the
assessments, refund of internal revenue taxes, fees or other charges, penalties in relation proper MTC, MeTC, and RTC.
thereto, or other matters relating arising under the NIR or laws administered by the BIR;
b. Inaction of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue in cases involving disputed 2. EAJ in tax collection cases:
assessments, refund of internal revenue taxes, fees or other charges, penalties in relation a. Over appeals from the judgments, resolutions,
thereto, or other matters relating arising under the NIR or laws administered by the BIR or orders of the RTCs in tax collection cases
where the NIRC provides for a specific period of action, in which case the inaction shall be originally decided by them, in their respective
deemed a denial; territorial jurisdiction.
c. Decisions, orders or resolutions of the RTCs in local taxes originally decided or b. Over petitions for review of the judgments,
resolved by them in their original or appellate jurisdiction; resolutions, or orders of the RTCs in the exercise
d. Decisions of the Commissioner of Customs on cases involving liability for customs of their appellate jurisdiction over tax collection
duties, fees or other money charges, seizure, detention or release of property affected, case originally decided by the MeTCs, MTCs, and
fines, forfeitures or other penalties in relation thereto, or other matters arising under the MCTCs, in their respective jurisdictions.
Customs Law or other laws administered by the BoC;
e. Decisions of the Central Board of Assessment Appeals in the exercise of its appellate
jurisdiction over cases involving the assessment and taxation of real property originally
decided by the provincial or city board of assessment appeals;
f. Decisions of Secretary of Finance on customs cases elevated to him automatically for
review from decisions of the Commissioner of Customs which are adverse to the
Government under S2315 of the Tariff and Customs Code;
g. Decisions of the Sec. of Trade and Industry, in the case of non-agricultural product,
commodity or article, and the Secretary of Agriculture in the case of agricultural product,
commodity or article, involving dumping and countervailing duties under Secs. 301 and
302, respectively, of the Tariff and Customs Code, and safeguard measures under RA 8800,
where either party may appeal the decision to impose or not to impose said duties.
 Jurisdiction of Family Courts

Under RA 8369, the FCs shall have exclusive original jurisdiction over the following
civil cases:

1. Petitions for guardianship, custody of children and habeas corpus involving

children;
2. Petitions for adoption for children and the revocation thereof;
3. Complaints for annulment of marriage, declaration of nullity of marriage and those
relating to status and property relations of husband and wife or those living
together under different status and agreements, and petitions for dissolution of
conjugal partnership of gains;
4. Petitions for support and/or acknowledgement;
5. Summary judicial proceedings brought under the provisions of E.O. 209,
otherwise known as the FC of the Philippines;
6. Petitions for declaration of status of children as abandoned, dependent, or
neglected children, petitions for voluntary or involuntary commitment of children,
the suspension, termination or restoration of parental authority and other cases
cognizable under P.D. 603, E.O. 56 (series of 1986) and other related laws;
7. Petitions for the constitution of the family home;
8. Cases against minors cognizable under the Dangerous Drugs Act, as amended;
9. Violations of RA 7160;
10.Cases of domestic violence against:
a. Women which are acts of gender-based violence that results, or are likely
to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women; and
other forms of physical abuse such as battering or threats and coercion which
violate a womans personhood, integrity and freedom movement; and
b. Children which include the commission of all forms of abuse, neglect,
cruelty, exploitation, violence, discrimination and all other conditions
prejudicial to their development.

If an act constitutes a criminal offense, the accused or batterer shall be subject to

criminal proceedings and the corresponding penalties. If any question involving any
of the above matters should arise as an incident in any case pending in the regular
courts, said incident shall be determined in that court. (S5, RA 8369)

In areas where there are no FCs, the above enumerated cases shall be adjudicated
by the RTC. (S17, ibid).