1. Luca FD, Salzano G, Zirilli G, Calafiore M, Corica D, Sferlazzas C.

Management
of hyperthyroidism in children. Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism.
2016; 11(4):301-9.
2. Leger J. Graves Disease in Children. Paediatric Thyroidology. 2014; 26:171-182.
3. Lazar L, Kalter-Leibovici O, Pertzelan A, Weintrob N, Jo- sefsberg Z, Phillip M.
Thyrotoxicosis in prepubertal children compared with pubertal and postpubertal
patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000; 85:367882.
4. Ohye H, Minagawa A, Noh JY, Mukasa K, Kunii Y,Watanabe N, et al. Antithyroid
Drug Treatment for Graves Disease in Children: A Long-Term Retrospective
Study at a Single Institution. Thyroid. 2014; 2:200-8.
5. Breuer C, Tuggle C, Solomon D, Sosa JA. Pediatric Thyroid Disease: When is
Surgery Necessary, and Who Should be Operating on Our Children? J Clin Res
Pediatr Endocrinol. 2013; 5:79-85.
6. Bauer AJ. Approach to the Pediatric Patient with Graves Disease: When Is
Definitive Therapy Warranted? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 96(3):5808.
7. Okawa ER, Grant FD, Smith JR. Pediatric Graves disease: decisions regarding
therapy. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2015; 27:4427.
8. Gastaldi R, Poggi E, Mussa A, Weber G, Vigone MC, Salerno M, et al. Graves
Disease in Children: Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Antibodies as
Remission Markers. J Pediatr. 2014; 164:1189-94.
9. Kirmizibekmez H, Mutlu RGY, Dursun F, Gunay M. Atypical Presentation of
Hashimotos Disease in an Adolescent: Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. J
Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2014;6(4):262-5.
10. Rivkees SA. Pediatric Graves disease: management in the post-propylthiouracil
Era. International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology. 2014, 2014:10.
11. Birrell G, Cheetham T. Juvenile thyrotoxicosis; can we do better? Arch Dis Child.
2004;89:745-50.
12. Rivkees SA. Pediatric Graves' disease: controversies in management. Horm Res

Paediatr. 2010;74:305-11.

13. Gangadharan A, Hanumanthaiah H, Ng SM. The Use of Iodine as First Line

Therapy in Graves' Disease Complicated with Neutropenia at First Presentation in
 a Paediatric Patient. British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research. 2013;3(2):
324-8.
14. Kawicka A, Ilow BR. Metabolic disorders and nutritional status in autoimmune
thyroid diseases. Postepy Hig Med Dosw. 2015; 69:80-90.
15. Dillmann, W.H. The thyroid. Goldmans Cecil Textbook of Medicine. 24th ed.
Philadelphia: Saunders. 2012. p1391-411.
16. Jameson, J.L, Weetman, A.P. Disorders of the thyroid gland. Harrisons
Endocrinology.18th ed. New York:The McGraw-Hill Companies. 2010. p62-9.
17. Lee SJ, Lim GY, Kim JY, Chung MH. Diagnostic performance of thyroid
ultrasonography screening in pediatric patients with a hypothyroid,

hyperthyroid or euthyroid goiter. Pediatr Radiol. 2016; 46:10411.

18. Ho YH, Chung EC, Park SA. A 3-year-old girl with Graves disease with literature
review. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2014; 19:154-8.
19. Bansal S, Umpaichitra V, Desai N, Colon SP. Pediatric Graves Disease. Int J
Endocrinol Metab Disord. 2015;1(1):1-6.
20. Doctor J, Trivedi A, Kumar B, Patel S. Clinical expression of Graves disease in
children: Case Report. World Journal Of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences .
2015; 4(7):966-9.
21. Rivkees SA. Graves disease in childhood. Graves; disease. New York: Springer.
2015. p147-66.
22. Krassas GE, Segni M, Wiersinga WM. Childhood Graves ophthalmopathy: results
of a European questionnaire study. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2005; 153:

515- 20.

23. Bahn RS. Graves ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med.2010;362:726-38.

24. Roef G, Lapauw B, Goemaere S, Zmierczak HG, Toye K, Kaufman JM, Taes Y.

Body composition and metabolic parameters are associated with variation in

thyroid hormone levels among euthyroid young men. European Journal of

Endocrinology. 2012; 167:719-26.

25. Brown RS, Huang S. The Thyroid and Its Disorders. Brooks Clinical Pediatric

Endocrinology. 5th ed. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 2005. p218-51.

26. Poyrazolu S, Saka N, Bas F, Isguven P, Dogu A, Turan S et al. Evaluation of

diagnosis and treatment results in children with Graves disease with emphasis on

the pubertal status of patients. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2008;21:74551.

27. Bossowski AT, Reddy V, Perry LA, Johnston LB, Banerjee K, Blair JC et al. Clinical
and endocrine features and long-term outcome of Graves disease in early
childhood. J Endocrinol Invest. 2007;30:388 92.
28. Cassio A, Corrias A, Gualandi S, Cesaretti G, Volta C, Weber G et al. Influence of
gender and pubertal stage at diagnosis on growth out- come in childhood
thyrotoxicosis: results of a collaborative study. Clin Endocrinol Oxf. 2006; 64:53
7.
29.

30. John M, Sundrarajan R, Gomadam SS. Anti-thyroid drugs in pediatric Graves

disease. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2015;19(3):340-6.