What are the differences and similarities between:

1. Simple Present Tense & Simple Present Perfect

The differences:
The present perfect refers to an act that took place in the past, from the perspective of the
present. "I have eaten" means that at some point in the past, eating occurred. Now (at the
present), it is over.
The simple present tells you about what's going on currently. "I eat" means that the act of
eating is ongoing. (Though it can also refer to a habitual act; I may not be eating right at
this instant, but it's the sort of thing that I could be doing right now, because the eating
isn't complete.)
The similarities: Both talks about the same action that repeatly doing.
Example:
I study. (Simple Present)
I have studied. (Present Perfect)

2. Present Continuous & Present Perfect Continuous

The differences:
Present continuous is a tense form that denotes the action that is still going on.
On the other hand, present perfect continuous is a tense form that indicates the action that
was taking place some time ago.
The similarities: Both actions that started in the past and continue in the present.
Example:

1. He is eating his food.

2. Angela is running fast.

In both the sentences you can see that the two actions described are still going on at the
time of speaking. he is eating his food only means that at this time he is eating his
food, and similarly Angela is running fast only means that Angela at the moment is
running fast.

1. I have been telling Francis to do this job.

2. Angela has been finding fault with him.

In both the sentences you can see that the terms have been telling and has been finding
indicate the actions that were taking place some time ago, but definitely not now. This is
the primary difference between present continuous and present perfect continuous tenses.
3. Present Perfect & Present Perfect Continuous

The differences:

The present perfect continuous tense is used to talk about a continuous, but not
necessarily finished action or situation.

The present perfect tense is used to talk about a finished action or situation.

The present perfect continuous tense is used to talk about more temporary actions and
situations; the present perfect tense is used to talk about longer-lasting or permanent
situations.

The similarities: Both talks about things where there is a connection between the past
and the present.

Example:

That boy has been standing at the gate for hours. (Temporary action or situation)

The temple has stood on the hill for hundreds of years. (Longer-lasting or permanent
situation)

4. Simple Present & Present Continuous

The differences:

We use the present simple tense when we want to talk about fixed habits or routines
things that dont change.

We use the present continuous to talk about actions which are happening at the present
moment, but will soon finish.

The similarities: Both indicates that an action or condition is happening now or

frequently.

Example:

(present simple) I play tennis.

(present continuous/ progressive) I am playing tennis.

(present simple) I play tennis tells us that playing tennis is something the speaker always
does. It is part of a routine or habit. We can call this a permanent situation.

(present continuous/ progressive) I am playing tennis tells us that the speaker is playing
tennis right now. Soon the game will be over. We call this a temporary situation.