Departemen Teknik Industri

Management Science Approach

Departemen Teknik Industri

Management Science
KeterbatasanmetodaGrafis
DuetoLimitedResources
UsingMathematicalandStatistical
Using Mathematical and Statistical
ApproachtoSolvetheRealProblemto
ObtainedSolution
AsaToolforDecisionMaking
As a Tool for Decision Making

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Departemen Teknik Industri

MS In Decision Making Process

MSOR

Decision Solution

Action Kriteria

Real
System
Model
Problem IE St d d
Standard

Data/Information

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Departemen Teknik Industri

How To Get The Solution?

MS Problem
Yes
Common Sense? Use&Choose

No
Yes
Model Standard? Formulate

New Alternatives Build New Model Simulation

Solution

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Management Science Approach

Analysis of
Real System

Implementation Problem
of Finding Formulation

Analysis of Model
M d l
Model Building

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Management Science Era

Classical Operation
Simulation
Q
Quantitative Research
M d l
Model
Approach Model

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Cl i l Q
ClassicalQuantitativeApproach
tit ti A h

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Classical Quantitative Approach

UsingClassicalMathematicalandStatistical
Using Classical Mathematical and Statistical
ApproachtoSolvetheQuantitativeProblemto
ObtainedOptimalSolutionAnalytically
b i d i l l i l i ll
Unconstraintproblems
Unconstraint problems

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Taxonomi Problem

PastiProbabilistikTakTentu
(Determitic)(Probabilistic)(Uncertainty)
S=0S 0 S 0
PolaDiketahuiPolaTakDiketahui

Catatan :

S=
(X X) 2

n 1

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Wilson Formula

Thefirstmathematicalapproachusedto
e st at e at ca app oac used to
solvetheinventoryproblem

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Contoh Problem Inventory

Diketahui:
D=10.000unit/tahun
A =Rp.1000.000,
A Rp.1000.000,/pesan
/pesan
p=Rp.10.000,/unit
h 20% d i h
h=20%dariharga/unit/tahun
/ it/t h
Bagaimanakebijakaninventorioptimal?

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Formulasi Problem
BagaimanaMenentukanKebijakan
Inventori Optimal ?
InventoriOptimal?

BerapaUkuranLotPemesananEkonomis?
( Economic Order Quantity: EOQ )
(EconomicOrderQuantity:EOQ)
KapanSaatPemesananDilakukan
(ReOrderPoint:ROP)

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K
Komponen Model
M d l
Decision Criteria
Problem Constraint Parameter
Variable Performance
Bagaimana EconomicOrder MinimasiOngkos Ongkos Pesan
Menentukan Quantity(EOQ) Tahunan OngkosSimpan
Kebijakan ReOrderPoint
In entori Optimal?
Inventori Optimal ? (ROP )
(ROP)

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P f
Performance Criteria
Ci i
Ongkos Inventori Total ( Ot )

Ot = Ob + Op + Os

Ot: Ongkos Inventori Total

Ob: Ongkos Beli
Op: Ongkos Pesan
Os: Ongkos
O k Si Simpan

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A
Asumsi
i Model
M d l Wilson
Wil
1.DemandDeterministikDanBarangDatang
SecaraUniform
2.UkuranLotPemesananTetapUntukSetiapKali
Pemesanan
3.BarangYangDipesanAkanDatangSecara
Serentak Pada Saat Pemesanan
SerentakPadaSaatPemesanan
4.HargaBarangKonstanBaikTerhadapLot
MaupunWaktuk

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Posisi Inventori

q0 = 5.000 unit m = 1/ 2q0

F G
E

A B t

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P i i Inventori
Posisi I i

SOP =SSOH +S
+ SOO
dimana:
SOP :Posisiinventori(stockonposition)
SOH :Inventoritersedia(stockonhand)
( )
SOO :Inventoridalampesanan(stockonorder)

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Formulasi Model

MinOt =Ob +Op +Os

Dimana:
Ob =Dp
Op =AD/Q
AD/Qo
Os =hQo/2

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Formulasi Model

MinOt =Ob +Op +Os

=Dp+AD/Qo +hQo/2

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Solusi Model

SyaratOt minimal:

Ot/Qo =0
=0
2
AD/Q
/Qo +h/2=0
/
1/2
Qo ={2AD/h}

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Solusi Optimal
1/2
Qo ={2AD/h}

={2.1000000.10000/2000}

Qo =3165unit
= 3165 unit

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Operation Research Approach

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Operation Research Approach

UseModelingApproachtoSolvethe
Use ode g pp oac to So e t e
ProblemtoObtainedOptimalSolution
Constraintproblems

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How To Get The Solution?

MS Problem
Yes
Common Sense? Use&Choose

No
Yes
Model Standard? Formulate

New Alternatives Build New Model Simulation

Solution

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Problem Solving Approach

DefineProblem
GenerateAlternatives
Choose Standard Model
ChooseStandardModel
GetTheBestSolution
MakeDecision
Implementation/Action

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O
Operation
ti Research
R h Model
M d l

Linear
LinearNonLinear
Non Linear
LinearProgramming Queing
Transportation
Transportation Inventory
Transhipment DynamicsProg
Network
Network Stochastics Prog
StochasticsProg.
Etc Etc

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Model

RepresentationofSystemforSpecial
Purposes

Representation
RepresentationPurpose
Purpose
ModelIconic ModelDescriptive
ModelAnalog
Model Analog ModelPredictive
Model Predictive
ModelSymbolic ModelNormative

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Advantages Using Model

Minimizedestructiveexperiment
Minimizecomplexityofrealworld
Minimizenegativeimpacts
Minimize negative impacts
MinimizeCost

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Performance of Model

Valid
Simple
Robust
Adaptive
Complete
Controllable
Communicable
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Solution

SolvetheProblem
ReflectVariableDecision
InputForMakingDecision
Input For Making Decision

Feasible BestOptimal
Feasible Best Optimal
(Simulasi) (Heuristic)(Analytic)
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Performance Criteria

A.Types
1.SingleCriteria
2. Multi Criteria
2.MultiCriteria
B.LevelofManagement
1.Companylevel
2.Businesslevel
3.Operationallevel

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Components Model

PerformanceCriteria
DecisionVariable
C t i t
Constraints
Parameter
LogicalRelationship

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K
Komponen Model
M d l
Decision Criteria
Problem Constraint Parameter
Variable Performance

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Model Formulation

Determinetherelationshipamong
performancecriteria,variables,
p
parametersandconstraints

Objectivefunction:V=f(Xi,Yi,Ai)
Constraints:f(Xi,Yi,Ai)<Bi

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Linear Programming
Asumsi:
Asumsi :
Proprotionality
Additivity
ddi i i
Integrality
ModelFormulation:

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General Model
ObjectiveFunction:
MinZ =c1X1+c2X2+c3X3+c4X4+.+cnXn
Subjectto:
1.a11X1+a12X2+a13 X3+a14X4++a1nXn<=B1
2.aa21X1+a
2 X1 + a22X2+a X2 +a23 X3+aX3 + a24X4++a
X4 + + a2nXn<=B2
Xn < B2
3.a31X1+a32X2+a33 X3+a34X4++a3nXn<=B3
..
..
m.am1X1+a
X1 m2X2+a X2 m3 X3+a X3 m4X4++aX4 mnXn<=Bm
X B
X1,X2,X3,X4Xn>=0

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Contoh Linear Programming

PTXYZproducessportjacketsandslacks.Theprofitoneach
jacketis$10,andforpairofslacksis$15.Eachjacket
requires2m2ofmaterialand4manhoursofsewing,which
eachpairofslacksrequires5m2ofmaterialand2manhous
of se ing If there has 50 m2 of material and 36 manho rs of
ofsewing.Iftherehas50m2ofmaterialand36manhoursof
workavailableeachweek,howmanyjacketsandpairsof
slacks shoul be produced
slacksshoulbeproduced

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K
Komponen Model
M d l
Decision Criteria
Problem Constraint Parameter
Variable Performance
Bagaimana
Bagaimana 1 Number
1. Numberof
of Profit/week
Profit/week 1. Material
1 1. Profit
1
mengatur jackets 2. Sewing 2. Material Usage
produced/week 3. Sewing
produksiyang requirement
optimal? 2. Numberofslack
produced/week

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Component of Model
Performance Criteria
Profit/week z
D i i Variables
Decision V i bl
Number of jackets produced/week x1
Number of slack produced/week x2
C t i t
Constraints
Material : 50 m2/week
Sewing : 36 manhours/week
P
Parameter
t
Jacket Slack
Profit 10 15 ($/unit)
Usage
U off material
t i l 2 5 (m2/unit)
( 2/ it)
Sewing requirement 4 2 (manhour/unit)

L i l Relationship
Logical R l ti hi
liner

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Formulation of Model
Objectivefunction:V=f(Xi,Yi,Ai)
Constraints :f(Xi,Yi,Ai)<Bi

Objectivefunction:Z=10x
Obj ti f ti Z 10 1 +15x15 2
Constraints:
Material:2x1 +5x2 <=50
Sewing:4x
Sewing : 4 x11 +2x
+ 2 x2 <<=36
36
x1,x2>=0

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Solution
Feasible Solution

Optimal Solution

Graphis Simplex

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Graphical Method
X2

Sewingg 4x1 +2x2 <=36

18
Z=10x1 +15x2
Optimal
p Material
10
2x1 +5x2 <=50
Feasible
Solution X1
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Departemen Teknik Industri

Optimal Solution
ProduceJacketX1 :5unit/week
ProduceSlackX2 :8unit/week
Profit
ProfitZ:$170/week
Z : $ 170/week

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Transportation Model

P Q

1 2 3 ....... 8

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D t
Data
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A B C D E F G H Supply

P 12 24 21 20 21.5
21 5 19 17 20 100

Q 24 15 28 20 18.5 19.5 24 28 45

Dmd 22 14 18 17 15 13 15 20

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Component of Model
PerformanceCriteria:
Performance Criteria :
Min.Cost
VariableDecision:
Variable Decision :
Numberofproducttobesuppliedfromplanti(Si)
Numberofproducttobetransportedfromplanti
toretailerj(Xij)
Constraints:
Supply
Demand

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ModelFormulation

MinZ = 12X11 +24X12 +21X13 +20X14 +21.5X15 +19X16+

17X17 +20X18+24X21 +15X22 +28X23 +20X24+
18.5X25 +19.5X26 +24X27 +28X28

Subjectto:
1).X
1) X11 +X
+ X12 +X
+ X13 +X
+ X14 +X
+ X15 +X
+ X16 +X17 +X
+ X18
18 <=100

2).X21 +X22 +X23 +X24+X25 +X26 +X27+X28<=45

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Model Formulation
3). X11 + X21 = 22
4) X12 + X22 = 14
4).
5). X13 + X23 = 18
6) X14 + X24 = 17
6).
7). X15 + X25 = 15
8) X16 + X26 = 13
8).
9). X17 + X27 = 15
10) X18 + X28 = 20
10).
All Variable Non Negative

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O ti l Solution
Optimal S l ti
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A B C D E F G H Supply

P 22 - 18 17 - 13 15 4 89

Q - 14 - - 15 - - 16 45

D d 22
Dmnd 14 18 17 15 13 15 20 134
Minimal Cost = $ 2583.50

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Optimal Solution

P Q

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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