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Berki Degree College ,Ellahabad

1-My Aim in Life
Aim is very important in life because it brings all our energies to one point. Our aim is like a guiding
star. There are as many aims in life as men. Some want to be doctors, others to be engineers, civil and
military officers. Some want to be poets, others to be novelists. Aim that suits the nature of man is the
best for him.
I desire to be a professor of English. Teaching is not a paying profession. Professors and teachers,
especially in Pakistan are lowly paid people. The reason is that the world cannot pay for their services.
There are several reasons for my choice. First, teaching is a noble profession. The best people in the
world are those who teach others. To me this profession is the only profession in which a man can serve
his nation in the best possible manner. Engineers may build grand buildings, roads and massive dams.
Doctors may treat the patients and may put life into the dead.
Hard work is a key to success
A teacher is like a ladder, which remains at its place but helps other to climb higher and higher.
So instead of being an engineer, a doctor, or an officer, I would rather be an engineer maker, a doctor
maker and an officer maker. It is only the men that glorify the nation. These men are made in the
teaching institutions.
Not wealth but men can make a nation strong
Secondly, I am suited to this profession. I take pleasure in solving problems and explaining them to
others. I am very fond of reading and teaching. By adopting this profession, I will be able to lead a life
of learning. Thirdly, English is my favorite subject and its reading infuses a new spirit in me.
A man can serve his nation well only when he has some interest in the work he is performing.
Realization of such a noble ambition is possible only when a man devotes all his time to studies.
Keeping this in view, I work hard and make intensive study of English.
In future, I hope to produce such men as would be of great service to the coming generations. I want to
achieve this purpose by writing good and original books. Books also have a helping hand in making a
nation.
Whatever others think of my aim, I am satisfied that this aim is according to my taste and nature. Going
against it would result in nothing but harm and confusion of mind.
Be beautiful be a man
Do what no one can.
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2-Co-education
Education plays an important role for the development of a country.
Coeducation means
The education of both boys and girls in the same institution.
The trend of co-education is getting more and more popular the country like Pakistan., it is already very
much common in the western world but now it is being adopted all over the world. The education
system of co-education system has many positive and negative effects on youth. These advantages and
disadvantages are given below:
1-Understanding
Coeducation develops an understanding between the two genders .So they can work in nice
environment where both male and females work together. This prepares the students for the practical life
when they have to work shoulder to shoulder with the opposite sex.
2-Cofidence Level
It increases the confidence level of the individuals when they work with opposite gender it plays a vital
role in the grooming of the personality of both the male and female students.
3-Change in behaviour
The environment becomes very much controlled and within the limits when the people of more than one
gender are present as this keeps the students to behave properly and avoid misuse of language or even
other unethical activities. So co-education can plays a vital role in altering and modifying the nature and
respect for the both genders.
Disadvantages:
1-Useless Activities
Students can involve in other activities apart from education which can results due to the attraction of
the opposite sex. This might affect the educational career of the individual students.
One of the very significant disadvantages of co-education is that the students can get involve in
unethical activities and even can get in to crimes. The unethical activities at very young age include the
affairs and physical relationships. Very tight check and balance is required when the co-education
system is to be implemented.
2-Fashion
Coeducation also develops fashion among students. In coeducation institution students pay much
attention towards their fashion than to their studies.
At the end we can say coeducation is very suitable at an early stage. Coeducation is also helpful at
university level. it is also suitable for developing countries.
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3- Sports and Games

Sports play a very vital Role in the development of Mental Strength and Physical Fitness of a Body.
Being a student one gets tired of daily Routine Work and needs recreation as well which is best attained
in the form of Sports. Only Education does not fulfill the Criteria of being well Organized Social
Member of Society.
Importance of Sports in life cannot be ignored. It can be best described by the following Characteristics:
Physical Fitness
As it is said,
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise
Physical fitness is the most Valuable outcome of Sports for Students and Children as well. Sports like
Tennis, Baseball and Basket Ball requires lot of Physical Fitness that helps in proper grooming and
growth of body.
Team Spirit
Sports teach us a lesson of Team Spirit and unity. When playing Hockey or Cricket a student or a child
learns how to play and work in a Team. This thing develops a sense of team Spirit and building Strong
Relations with others as well.
Mental Strength
Sports make a person mentally strong. A sportsman knows that Winning and loosing is a part of Sports,
so maintaining a Sportsmanship is the best way of Mental Strength and Success. So a Sportsman deals
with Success and Failure equally which is also a best Lesson of Life.
Constructive Use of Time
Sports help Students and Children to have a constructive use of their time. Only study cannot add to the
mental and Physical fitness of a person. Usually students and children waste their time in playing games
on Computer which makes them dull and Lazy whereas Playing Sports makes their bones Strong and is
also very good in utilizing Spare time.
Health
A person regularly involving in Sports can have a very good Health and Proper diet. Playing Sports
regularly helps in smooth circulating of Blood in all parts of Body. Thus making any person fit and
Healthy.
Confidence
Sports develops a confidence in a personality of a person, by excelling in Sports game ones Self
confidence boosts. Decision Making; In sports a person has to take quick decisions depending upon the
situation which requires quick mental power that helps in walk of Life as well.
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4-Seasons
Choosing a favorite season would be difficult because they are all special to me.
They each have something to offer and are unique in every way.

Winter
Winter is one of my favorites because it is so beautiful to see everything covered with a white
sheet of snow. It also cools you down from all the heat left from the summer and into the fall. You have
fun with your family making snow angels and have snowball fights.

Spring
Spring is a good season because it is between winter and summer, temperatures are not too cold and not
too hot. You are comfortable wearing a light jacket outside instead of a heavy warm coat. You can walk
and smell the flowers beginning to flourish. The birds start chirping early in the morning. It lets you
know that summer is near and so is summer vacation

Summer
Summer is great because it's time to hang up your shoes and relax. There is no more school and you can
go to sleep late and wake up late. Relatives visit or you can visit them. You can also do some traveling
and explore new places.
Relaxing in the pool on a floating lounge chair enjoying cold lemonade is the ultimate experience.
Autumn is also a great season because of all the colorful leaves falling even though they are a
hassle to pick up, especially in the pools. You can have fun walking with friends and admiring the
different shades of colors on the leaves.
The different colors warm your soul. Autumn is such a calm season.
The leaves turn beautiful tones of yellow, orange, and red. Everyone is starting over with a new class, a
new teacher, and some new friends.
When you drive by the neighborhoods you notice that families are all gathered in some kind of
celebration.
You get such a warm feeling. It's such a peaceful time. Now you know why I cannot choose one of the
seasons. All of them are special in every way. I love them all. I'm just glad I get to enjoy every single
one.
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5- Cultural Festivals in Pakistan

Culture of any country presents some specific values, virtues and code of conduct that hold by the nation
of that country. Each nation has its own society. In the same way being an independent nation, Pakistan,
it consists of different cultures. Pakistani society is a mixture of different areas and tribes, for example,
Sindh, Punjab, Khyber Pakhtun Khan and Balochistan. If we talk about food, lifestyle or clothing, but
the culture of Pakistan is of its matchless superiority.
Pakistani nation is very close to its culture and celebrate cultural festivals with great zeal. There are
some festivals, which are celebrated nation wise with full unity but if we focus on provinces of Pakistan,
every province has its different culture and they celebrate different festivals also.
Being an Islamic Republic Nation, religious festivals are celebrated with great fun and love. Lets have a
detailed look on the list of some religious festivals which are celebrated in overall Pakistan:
Eid-Ul-Fitr:Eid-ul-Fitr is a religious festival for Muslims and it is celebrated at the end of Ramadan
after fasting and on 1st of Shawwal of every Islamic month. People celebrate this festival with lot of
keenness and joy. Girls wear henna on their hand on chand raat which is the last night of Ramadan.
Eid-ul-Azha:Eid-ul-Azha is another Eid is about observing the great sacrifice that was offered by
Prophet Abraham (A.S.) celebrated on 10 Zilhaj on 12thmonth of Islamic Calendar. People get together
for collective prayers in Masajids and make sacrifice of goats, sheep, cows or camels. Their meet is
distributed among the family relatives, friends and poors.
Eid Milad-u-Nabi:Eid Milad-un-Nabi is celebrated to observe the birth of our beloved Prophet
Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) on 12th of Rabi-ul-Awwal which is the 3rd month of Islamic
Calendar. On this holy day, streets and mosques are decorated and Milads are conducted.
Shab-e-Barat:This is another religious Cultural Festivals in Pakistan which is celebrated on 14th of
Shabban of Islamic Calendar. On this night, people offer prayers and send sweets and dishes to their
relatives and children play with fireworks.
The above mentioned festivals are religious festivals. Some other cultural festivals are also celebrated on
the arrival of seasons. Like:
Basant:Basant is celebrated on the arrival of spring season in the mid of February.
There is a long list of cultural festivals celebrated in Pakistan which includes national days, religious
festivals and some other festivals related to geographical area. Some of which are mentioned below:
Independence Day,Defense Day,Pakistan Day / Resolution Day,Alama Iqbal Day,Qauid-e-Azam
Day,Mela Chirghan,Lok Mela,National Horse & Cattle show
All these festivals in one or the other way exhibit Pakistani Culture and its society values and norms
which is presentable all over the Pakistan with pride
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6-Hero in history/Qaidi Azam/Ideal Personality

Introduction
Qaid-e-Azam is a happy star of the history of Pakistan and my beloved personality. He is our
national hero and the founder of Pakistan.His name is Muhammad Ali Jinnah, his father name was
Poonjah Jinnah and mother name was Mithibai Jinnah. He was born in Karachi on 25th December 1876
in a middle class family. His father was a merchant.
Education
After his matriculation, he was sent to England for high education. He was a keen student and was
interested in legal matters. Therefore, he got himself admitted in Law department. He studied law deeply
and obtained law degree in good grade. He qualified from the Lincolns Inn as a brilliant Lawyer and
returned to India. Jinnah began his practice in Bombay when he was twenty years old. Quaid Azam was
the only Muslim barrister in Bombay. He adopted English language for his profession throughout his life
because he was expert in English language. He was a successful lawyer of India. Once, Advocate
General of Bombay invited him to work from his chamber but he refused to do so. It was the peak of his
popularity.
Political Career of Quaid-e-Azam
On his return to India, he joined the Indian National Congress in 1906. He was the supporter of
the Hindu-Muslim unity in India. However, he become disappointed from the narrow vision of some
Hindu leaders. When he came to know that narrow vision Hindu leaders are not sincere to Muslim. He
left Indian National Congress and decided to join the Muslim League. Quaid joined Al India Muslim
League in 1913. He worked hard for Muslim League and inspired the Muslims of India with his glorious
vision, sincerity and dedication. He worked real hard for a separate homeland for the Muslims.
The Hindus, the British and a section of Muslims created problems for him. They tried to hostile
him but he handled the problems wisely. His aim was high and soared like an eagle. He organized the
party on two nation theory. The Muslims rallied round him and provide their support to Quaid-e-Azam.
Founder of Pakistan
Quaid-e-Azam realized the world that Hindu and Muslims are two nation. Their religion and
customs are different from each other. 14 August 1947, was the day of his triumph and victory. The new
Muslim country Pakistan appeared on the map of the world with the struggle of Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
First Governor General
He look oath of office as the first Governor General of Pakistan, the new country.
Illness and Death
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the Quaid-e-Azam in the sense of the word. Jinnah suffered from
tuberculosis from 1930s. Only his sister and few close associates were aware of his illness. His sister
realized that the weather of Karachi is not good for his health. Therefore, she took him to Quetta,
Baluchistan in June 1948. His health had been breaking down under heavy pressure of national building
work. He died on 11 September 1948. He was buried at Karachi.
Introduction
Be Beautiful Be a man
Do what no one can
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7-'Village life'
As it is said, A Man feels happy in the company of nature

A village is a small town situated in a country area. It consists of a few small huts and mud
houses. These houses are built all over the area without any order. It is the surrounding greenery that
makes a village wonderful. The tall trees, green fields and the calm nature add to t he beauty of the
village.
Nature is mother, Nature is teacher

There is no special fun for the villagers. Their only hobby is to make gossips or watch TV in the
evening. The marriage ceremony is the most amusing event of the village. This is the occasion when
the villagers show their feelings of joy and pleasure.
Village fair is still another event of amusement for the villagers.
Village life in Pakistan depicts a true picture of our culture. Villagers are very traditional people who
are hard workers. They wake up early in the morning with the Fajar prayers and start working in the
fields. They work all day long in the field under the sun without caring about the harsh weather. This
is the only way for them to earn their livelihood.

There are many benefits of village life. First, life in a village is pure and easy. The needs of the
village are a few. Eggs, milk, vegetables and butter are their common diet. Their diet is pure though
it is simple. Their dress, food, customs and manners are simple but decent. Second, the villagers are
sincere and honest. They know no selfishness. They love their customs and traditions. They are
simple, innocent, kind and hospitable. There are also some disadvantages of village life. It lacks
modern facilities. The education and hospital facilities are limited in the village. The chances of
education are a few in the villages. Most of the people in villages are ignorant.
People live in a very well knit community; they help and solve each others problems. The elders
have great respect and in the evening they gather together in village chopal (a community meeting
held every day) and discuss their village problems.

The villagers are content with their lot. They do not have high ambitions. Their only interest is
how to increase their products. The government should take steps to educate the villagers. Schools,
colleges and hospitals should be opened in the villages. New roads should be made to link the
villages with the main cities. If these steps are taken, the villagers would play their role in the
development of the country.
Women also help their men in their work along with their household. They also take care of their
domestic animals such as cows, goats, hens etc. As many small villages are still void of the facilities like
safe drinking water and electricity; even hospitals and schools are at long distances, life in the village
requires more struggle than the relatively modern lifestyles in the cities.
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8-Student Life is Golden Life

It is said that student life is golden life, because student life is the most important part of human life. It
is the period of pure joy and happiness, because the mind of a student is free from cares and worries of a
grown-up life.

In this period, the character of man is built. So, it is called the formative period of human life. Every
student should try his best to make the best use of his student life.

The primary duty of a student is to learn and to acquire knowledge. He must do all his work at the right
moment and maintain punctuality and discipline. He must remember that if a student becomes
successful in his student career and his character is built on a sound basic, he will be able to shine in any
sphere of life and serve his society and countries.

A student should spend most of his time of this golden period in reading and learning. A good student
never waste his time fixed for reading uselessly. But he must not be a book-worm being always engaged
in his studies. He should also be careful about his health and spend some time daily in some sports and
games. He should try to develop his body and mind at the same time.

As a student he must try to develop his intellect. He should also try to acquire some good qualities like
obedience, dutifulness, respect on elders and love and sympathy for fellow man in the society. The duty
of a student is to obey his parents and teachers and respect the elders of the society.

Students are the future hope of country. So every student should try to be the best citizen in all respect,
so that he may serve his country as far as he can
.
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9-Life Insurance: Meaning, Advantages and Disadvantages

Meaning
Life insurance is the protection of a family against loss of income in case of the death of the person
insured.
The policy is bought from an insurance company which will pay a fixed sum of money either at the
expiry of a fixed tenure or to compensate the family on the death of the insured.
There are many types of insurance policies that one can purchase depending on the amount of premium
the insured can be able to pay. The sum insured can be paid in full or part depending on the type of
policy and the insurer.
There are many advantages and disadvantages of life insurance as discussed below.
Advantages of Life Insurance
1. Economic protection against the loss of life. The emotional loss caused to the family of the insured
cannot be measured in terms of money. However, the financial responsibility of the insured towards his
family members are to an extent shared by the Life insurers. On the death of the insured, the family will
have some money to continue having a comfortable life. The life insurance policy provides an option to
choose the nominee.
2. A form of investment or saving. Many people buy life insurance as part of their investments. Most
insurance policies guarantees a fixed sum of money payable either on the death of the insured or at the
expire of the pre-determined tenure. Hence, many people keep aside a part of their savings for the
payment of Life insurance premium in the form of investment.
3. Life insurance is simple to understand in terms of premium and the maturity of the compensation. The
investment amount, policy term, and the maturity amount are clearly mentioned on the policy document.
4. Some Life insurance policies are flexible. The give the insured an option to change the policy amount
with the change in his needs. When the insurance needs of the insured changes, they can talk to the
insurer so that they can adjust their insurance plan. However, it should be kept in mind that not all
insurance policies are flexible enough to satisfy the ever-changing need of the policy holder. Hence, the
policy buyer should read all the term and conditions of the policy at the time of first purchase.
5. Loan against Life Insurance Policies (LAIP) is a newest form of financial revolution. Many financial
institutions offer loan against the surrender value of the insurance policy. This a safe and quick way to
generate cash.
6. The insured pays the premium depending on the sum insured. Depending on the age of the insured,
they can select the amount they want to pay per month that wont be a burden to them.
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7. Enable the insured to be able to select their beneficiary. When buying a policy, one has to choose who
the beneficiary of the insurance policy will be. In this way, they make sure that the material needs of
their loves ones would always be met.

8. Reduces the financial implication of death. Life insurance reduces the financial burden that comes
with the death of the breadwinner.

9. There is a range of policies to choose from. Life insurance has a range of policies to choose from. In
some policies, one is compensated when a certain period of time elapses.

10. Tax saving weapon. In most countries, the final amount that you get from the insurer is not taxable.
In India, the amount of Life insurance policy premiums are allowed as deduction under section 80C of
the Income Tax Act, 1961. The maturity proceeds are also exempted from Income Tax. Hence,
investment in a life insurance policy is an amazing tax saving weapon.

Disadvantages of Life Insurance

1. Insurance policies are expensive. Life insurance means that you have to contribute your premium
until you die or a fixed tenure that is very long. This will be expensive for the insured. The part of the
life insurance premium paid towards risk coverage is an expense. However, the quantum of financial
risk mitigated by these policies are much more than these expenses. Hence, people treat life insurance
premiums as mandatory expense.

2. Some insurance companies may refuse to pay the sum insured. Some insurers will use dirty tricks to
evade the pay the sum insured even after maturity of the policy. For this reason, it is important that you
read all the clauses of the life policy at the time of entering into the contract. Further, you can consult
your financial advisor before buying a policy.

3. People buying the insurance they dont need. Some people may buy the insurance policy when they
dont need one. Paying for a policy that do not meet the need of the paying person is a waste of money.

4. Some people give falsified information. Some people give false information to the insurance company
e.g., age leading to the insurer making losses.
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5. The beneficiary may decide to waste the amount they receive. The beneficiary may not use the funds
as it was intended leading to wastage of the sum insured.

6. Many life insurance policies keep on changing. In such policies, the premium amount is low during
the initial years. However, the premium amount do not remain constant. They keep changing with time.
You may be required to pay more premium as you grow older than when you were young.

7. Having it doesnt necessarily mean better quality of life. Life insurance may mean poor quality of life
to be able to pay the premium. The deduction may be too many.

8. There are so many complex insurance policies. The insurance policies are complex that one may not
be able to understand. There are good and there are not so good insurance companies. Similarly,
there are some not so simple insurance policies that is beyond the understanding capability of a
common man. Hence, it can be a very daunting task to choose the right life policy.

9. The investment is not highly paying. Life insurance is primarily an instrument to cover risk. The
investment function is of secondary nature. Unlike other types of investment that have high returns, life
insurance does not give high returns. Hence, people seeking high return on their investment may not find
it attractive for investment.

Conclusion

Life insurance is not complicated to buy for most of the people. The only vital part of it is to ensure that
you have enough information about your policy. This way, you will be able to protect your investment.

Urban Life: Advantages and Disadvantages of Urban Life

On January 9, 2016 By Vijay

Category: Essays, Paragraphs and Articles, Indian Society
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Urban life refers to the life of the people living in towns and cities. The advantages and disadvantages of
Urban life has been discussed in this article.

Advantages: The advantages of urban life are many.

There are good roads and well-built houses in urban areas.

Transport facilities of modern towns and cities are highly developed. We have trams, buses, motorcars
for quick and comfortable transport.
In large towns, there are good chances of getting suitable and pleasant occupations.
All kinds of physical comforts are within our easy reach. In the heat, of the day we can use the electric
fan, cooler, and air-conditioner. At night, we switch on the electric light.
There are good school and colleges for education.
There are hospitals and clinics for proper medical treatment of sick people.
There are clubs, libraries, cinema houses, and theatres for our entertainment and recreation .
We encounter people of different states and with foreigners. We develop a love for humanity.
People get the opportunity to make friends with tastes similar to ones own.
All prejudices and superstitions soon wear off.
Disadvantages: There are various disadvantages of urban life.

The towns are overcrowded.

Many of the streets are dirty and unpleasant due to noise, smoke and dust.
The density of population is quite high in urban areas. Too many people live and we do not feel easy.
The rattling sound of buses, motor cars and other vehicles always disturb us.
There are dangers to health in crowded cities. Smoke and dust fill the air. Hence, urban life is unhealthy
for want of fresh food and fresh air.
In the bigness of the city we lose the common human touch.
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Write an essay on why I love Pakistan (The ideology of Pakistan, The Pakistan
movement)
Outline:
1. Introduction
2. Patriotism a natural passion
3. Ideology of Pakistan is the cause of my love
4. What is ideology
5. The Pakistan Movement
6. Reasons behind the creation of Pakistan
7. Our responsibilities
Everybody loves his country because patriotism is a natural passion. We like the earth where we are
born. We like it because it feeds our bodies, illuminates our minds and saves our souls. Here we live
among our near and dear ones who share our pains and pleasures.
We feels sense of security, closeness and companionship in our country. Its beautiful valleys, high
mountains, surging rivers and its values, customs and traditions all are dear to us. But my love for my
country is not only because of these earthly and material things.
I do love the scenic beauty of my country. But outer beauty is just superficial and temporary. It can
attract permanently only when it has also some great ideal hidden in it. My country has this ideal which
we call the ideology of Pakistan. And my love for my country is due to my love for its ideology.
Ideology is a set of ideas, beliefs and doctrines that the people of a country want to follow in every field
of life. As ours is a Muslim country, our ideology can be nothing but Islam. Pakistan movement was
started in the name of Islam. Before the partition, the Muslim of the subcontinent were leading a
miserable life in India.
The English were their political rulers while the Hindus were their social and economic rulers. They had
been living with the Hindus for many centuries. But the two nations had nothing common between them.
Their religions, customs, traditions, cultures and languages all were different. They neither intermarried
nor interdined.
The friend of the one was the foe of the other. The English rulers always sided with the Hindus. After
1857 it was crystal clear that the Muslims would never be able to lead their lives according to the
teachings of Islam if they continued living with the Hindus. Keeping all this in view, the Muslim of the
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subcontinent decided to launch a movement for a separate homeland. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama
Iqbal, Quaid-e-Azam and many other Muslim leaders provided them the most sincere and dynamic
leadership. At last, by the collective efforts of the Muslim of India, Pakistan emerged on the map of the
world on the 14th of August, 1947 as the largest Muslims country of the world. Now when we have
achieved a separate homeland, it is our duty to preserve its independence, integrity and solidarity. This
we can do only by preserving its ideology which is hidden in the teachings of Islam. Let Islam be the be
all of our lives.

SHORT ESSAY ON FRIENDSHIP

13:20 essay, friendship, people No comments

Aristotle says, "Man Is a social animal". Hence we see that in the entire crowd of eighteen thousand
kinds of creations, man lives in the most organized social manner. Man's life is a life of interdependence
and interplay. Man has been created very weak and dependent. In his joys and sorrows, he looks for
somebody to share them with him. Joys, when shared, are doubled and sorrows halved. It is therefore
said that a friend, is a blessing of God. Poor is not he who has no penny, but he who has no friends. A
friendless man is like a tree without leaves. It is also said that one who does not have a friend is either an
angel or a devil.

There is a variety of friends. We must make friends with good people. A bad friend is worse than a good
enemy. Frances Beacon says, "Friends, like books, must be a few but well chosen". One must be very
careful in choosing friend. The best quality of a good friend is his sincerity, love and understanding.

There is a variety of friends. We must make friends with good people. A bad friend is worse than a good
enemy. Frances Beacon says, "Friends, like books, must be a few but well chosen". One must be very
careful in choosing friend. The best quality of a good friend is his sincerity, love and understanding.

Friends also reflect the personality of a person. They become his introduction. Good friends also
increase the Friends fame and also reflect the personality of a person. "A man is known by the company
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he keeps". Emily Bronte, in her poem, "I Am the Only Being" bewails the condition of a friendless girl.
She paints a friendless life like a barren land. A life in which joys and woes are not shared with anybody
is a life of suffocation and frustration. "Love me or hate me but spare me your indifference" Thus even
grievances of friends are valuable. They show that they have some hopes with you. S.T. Coleridge
rightly says, "Friendship is a sheltering tree". A tree showers fruits even on those who fling stones on it.
A true friendship can sustain only with a spirit of tolerance and forgiveness.

My hobby
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A hobby can be defined as an activity which is done regularly in one's leisure time for pleasure.
According to Oxford dictionary:

"Hobby is an activity that you do for please when you are not working."

A hobby is a special work which a person does for the sake of the amusement and pleasure. It is our
favourite recreation. A hobby is generally an art in which a person is most interested. It always serves as
source of amusement and restitution. It plays an important increases one's efficiency, interest and ability.
It gives an oppurtunity to full development of one's various aspects of personality. It provides a chance
to meet other people having the same ideas. It also becomes a source of alternative career. Apart from
this, it keeps us away from frustration, ragem anger and depression off this cso called modern world. A
man must have a hobby for a sound mind and sound health. A man cannot enjoy his leisure without a
hobby. Without a hobby, life becomes dull and monotonous. So it is necessary to enjoy life.

In the modern age, man remains extremely busy to enjoy the charms of the life.

"What is this life if, full of care, We have no time to stand and stare?"

The modern world is so fast that man finds no time for recreations and other activities. It has correctly
been said:

"All work and no play makes Jack a dull body."

The hobbies give us mental and bodily relaxation when we are tired of our daily routine. So, hobby is
very important for mental and physicalfitness. Owing to this importance of hobbies, I have also a well
cherished hobby for my leisure time. I love to read books in my leisure time.

Books are wonderful blessing. It is true that a hobby shows one's taste and interest.

"Leisure time reveals what kind of person we are."

I have hundreds of books in my personal library. Reading a book is perhaps the greatest source of
pleasure to a cultured and erudite person. Reading broadens his outlook, drives away his narrow
prejudices and lightens up his mind with truth and knowledge. Books are our best friends. They never
deceive or desert us in our hour of need like so many of our human friends and the advantages once
received from the reading of books remain with us throughout our lives.

"A reader lives a thousands lives before he dies."

 17

I like to read the books of the aster minds of the past that have brightened up the ages with the strength
and beauty of their vision. As we read their books, we seem to see them appear before us. We seem to
talk with them and they also seem to instruct us through the medium of their books.

"The man who does not read has no advantage over the man who cannot read."

I have many books on poetry. By reading the great poetry of the past I seem to be carried away to a
kingdom of joy and forgetfulness, a kingdom where there is no care, no worry, no anxiety. I come to be
acquainted with the master minds of the world like Ghalib, Iqbal, Shelly, Keats, Shakespeare, Milton
and Shaw and many others through the medium of their literary productions and feel inspired by their
beauty, grace and idealism. Reading books is also one way of passing spare time. When I have time and
no work to do, I take a book from the shelf and pass my time pleasantly. Reading also relieves me of my
mental suffering. When I am struck down with sorrow, I with a book in my hand, forget all my troubles
in the comfort of my bedroom or under the shade of a tree. Reading not only gives me experience of
noble minds. Through it I come to have a keener insight into life and its problems and a lasting interest
in my and surroundings. Life does not have a dull and monotonous aspect any longer but in every page I
come across fresh wonders and mysteries waiting for me.

"A man only learns in two ways, one by reading and the other by association with smarter people."

We have however to be very careful in our selection of books to read. In the world of today, we find
countless writers writing very large numbers of books - good, bad and indifferent. Before the invention
of the printing press it was difficult for us to choose what books to read and what to reject. The selection
of proper books has now become a matter of great interest, as well as necessity to the reader.

"The worth of a book is to be measured by what you can carry away from it."

It was the English author Bacon who said that reading makes a full man. No one can question the truth
of this saying. But we cannot derive full advantage from reading. If our choice is not good. Some books
are such that instead of doing any good; they do positive harm to the readers. Such books must be
avoided. Cheap books, not in cost but in contents should not be read, even if they provide some
amusement and entertainment. It is the reading of good books alone which bestows upon us the
maximum benefit.

"Reading of good books is the key to the store-house of pleasure."

 18

"Terrorism is the weapon of the weak."

lt is a bitter fact that terrorism has become a serious issue of today. The whole globe is in the firm grip
of terrorists. The result is that disaster, disturbance and a sense of uncertainty prevail everywhere.
Generally terrorism is defined as illegal use of force and threats against the person, group or
Governments for political or criminal purposes

Terrorism is not new. Every human society has seen this evill for centuries. The only difference between
past and present is that terrorism was not so organized and frequent in any other age as it is now. The
clouds of terrorist activities always hang on the globe. The sky colour nes changed due to excessive
bloodshed in our global village. in short, we can say that terrorism is not the problem for one person, one
group, one nation or one country raries the whole human race in on the horns of a dilemma.

Pakistan is also no exception to the dangers of terrorism. The terrorist activities prove a treat to the
safety of people off and on. Bomb blasts and firing on even the sacred places have become a common
practice. Peace and prosperity of the country is at risk. The Govt. is making efforts to deal with this
crisis effectively. The best solution is that we should forget any political and Feligious differences and
live together according to the teaching of the Prophet (SAW) and the Holy Quran.

There are many causes of terrorism. The following are Some of them

1. Injustice

2. Sect and group system

3. Denia of basic rights

4. Unemployment

5. Presence weapons Of mass destruction

6. Racial differences

7. Religios is differences

8. Crush smail / opposition policy

9. Political differences

10. Spirit of Military invasions against other nations

The following suggestions can be applied to check terrorism:

All the countries should have friendly relations. Especially the neighboring countries should have ideal
mutual relations
 19

All the arms and ammunitions should be in the Control Of Govt.

All the Governments should check the supply of arms

Terrorists should be given exemplary punishments

Security measures inside the country an on international borders should be made highly sensitive and
effective

Unemployment among youth. should be finished

Special forces should be trained to deal with terrorism

The public should play its vital role in against terrorism

Conclusion:

In the end, we can say that we ail know the causes and remedies to avoid terrorism. Therefore, as a
person and as a nation we should play our bes: possible role to save humanity from the deadly effects of
terrorism that have made our heaven a heli. We (as a person and as a nation) should exchange roses
rather than guns. Let us hope and pray that this world will become an earthy paradise

"Terrorism is a scar on the face of humanity."

Dowry system

Dowry system is one of the major problems afflicting Pakistan. It is really a great evil and a blot on our
nation and society. It is discriminating against women in general and unmarried girls in particular. It
surely reflects man's domination and superiority over women. It is really a shocking and condemn able
phenomenon. It is a matter of great concern that outdated and evil system of dowry still prevails in our
society. It reduces the bridegroom and his parents to the status of beggars and exploiters and the bride's
parents to that of helpless victims.

It is high time that the evils of dowry should be recognized and eliminated forever. Let us stop it before
it becomes more and more painful social malady with the ever increasing demands of greedy and evil-
minded parents. Here is no limit to greed and accumlation of wealth by such dirty means as demanding
dowry from the parents of young and unmarried girls.

"The love of money is the root of all evils." _ Bible

 20

The evil impacts of this social sin are many and quite obvious. It is because of this evil that hundreds of
deaths and incidents of bride-burning are reported every year in our country. There are still many more
cases which do not come to light at all. When they fail to bring in sufficient dowry, they are harassed,
tortured burned live and humiliated by their husbands and in-laws. Such an evil is not heard to be found
anywhere else in the world except our neighbour India which is also suffering from this social malady. It
is matter of serious concern and extreme shame to all of us that most marriages are being settled on the
basis of the value of dowry. The dowry of the bride usaully comprises jewelry, costly clothes, T.V, Car,
scooter or motorcycle, furniture, V.CR, utensils, refrigerator and hard cash.

"For money you would sell your soul." _ Sophocles, Antigone

This wrong and immoral system has given birth to various evils in the society, namely corruption, greed,
psychologocal complexes, financial malpractices and the generation of black money. The unprincipled
parents of the groom try to justify dowry on the black money. The unprincipled parents of the groom try
to justify dowry on the false presumptions that the newly married couple should be given dowry to set
up a new home and to begin a new venture. But ironically, such people do condemn dowry when they
have daughters to marry. This, we can say, is nothing but double standard. It is true that the system of
dowry is as old as the institution of marriage itself. But now it has lost all relevance, both social and
religious. As such, the sooner we eradicate it, the better it will be for our society, nation and country.

"All spirits are enslaved that serve things evil." _ Percy Bessie Shelly

In ancient times, a girl was not socially entitle to inherit any property. That was why, to compensate this
loss, she was usually given some gifts in cash and kind by her parents, relatives, friends and well-
wishers as a sort of dowry. These gifts were supposed to ensure a sort of future security to newly
married bride. But now the situation has altogether changed. Today, women all over the world are ore or
less enjoying equal rights. They have equal rights to inherit property from their parents and ancestors.
Now giving or lreceiving dowry is a terrible blow to the very rights of women. The government should
introduce a dowry prohibition act as soon as possible to punish those who are fond of dowry.

"Punushment brings wisdom. It the healing art of wickedness."

There are thousands of girls who have grown old and they are still married because their parents cannot
afford dowry. They keep on waiting that, somebody would come and marry them without any demand
of dowry. They never put out the glimmer of hope. But very frequently their hopes are dreams shattered
due to the non-availability of dowry. The poor parents feel guilty and remain very much worried about
the future of their daughters. They have no other option but to wait for some angle or miracle. Even well
beautiful and educated girls of middle class or low middle class families find themselves the victim of
this great evil. Some of them ultimately rebel the wrong way to fulfill their financial and physical needs.
So, the evil of dowry, in a round about way, also gives birth to moral corruption in society.

"Corruption is a tree whose branches spread everywhere." _ Fletcher

 21

There are thousands of cases of divorce due to this disgusting malady, but very few offenders are
actually punished. In spite of all the laws and all the law-enforcing agencies, the cases of dowry deaths
are on the increase. Besides a powerful and specific law against the dowry system, we need other
meaningful and effective social measures. All our efforts should made to create an effective public
opinion against dowry system. More and more people, organiztions, social, instituation, leaders,
religious personalities and elders in the communities should be involved in the comaign against this evil.
The campaign should also be launched in the villages and far flung areas of the country. The social and
women's organizations should organize agitations against the parties demanding dowry. Social boycott
and demonstrations against the offending parents and relatives of the boy can prove a powerful weapon
in checking this evil. Moreover, the laws against dowry should be and must be foolproof so that the
offenders may not get off scot-free.

"Let the punishment match the of fence." _ Cicero

To check this social malady, registration of marriages should be made compulsory, where both the
parties are required to declare that they have neither taken nor given any dowry. Group and community
marriages can also help in removing this cancer to a great extent. Such marriages ceremonies should be
conducted in a great commmunity function in the presence of elders and some officials of the law-
enforcing agencies. Reluctantly, there will be no room for the demand of dowry in such marriages.

"Love the quest; marriage, the conquest; divorce, the inquest." _ Helen Rowland

In this comaign, young women themselves should come forward and take lead. They should never feel
weak, helpless and feeble. They will have to recognize their rights. They should use their strength and
potential without fail. They should never let themselves be taken for granted. They should refuse to
marry when dowry is demanded by the boy or his parents. They should revolt and expose such anti-
social elements. They should learn to stand on their own feet and must try to improve their economic
status in the Society. It is really heartening to know that there is a lot of awakening among the women
folk of the country about this issue. They should fight against all sorts of discrimination and unjust male
domination. The young boys should also e made aware of the evils of dowry. They should reject their
parents plea of seeking dowry. What is really needed is tht this evil should be fought: both on the levels
of law and society in order to do away with it for good.

"The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched. They must be feit with
the heart." _ Helen Keller
Hostel is an integral part of every college. Life in a college hostel is fuli of pleasures and amusements. It
is a place where food and lodging are provided for students. Life in a hostel is different from the life in a
home. Generally a student stays in a hostel when his residence is located far from his educational
institution. Life in a hostel makes a student self-dependent. It makes him smart, active and disciplined. It
gives all the students an ample chance to learn how to lead an independent and responsible life. It plays
 22

a vital role in the development of the personality of the students. Students of different habits and tastes
live together under one roof which results in better understanding and more co-operation among
themselves.

"Being considerate of others will take you further in life than a college degree."
A hostel is controlled by a warden. The warden guides the students. He sees whether the rules and
regulations of the hostel are being followed or not. Though the warden is there to look after them yet
they have their own way. They have to study and do their duties themselves. Hostel life trains a student
mentally, morally and spiritually for a successful and practical life. He has to follow the rules and
regulations of the hostel. No one is allowed to remain out of hostel after a specific time. Therefore,
hostel life teaches discipline, punctuality and regularity to the students.
"Develop a passion for learning. If you do, you will never cease to grow."
A hostel has a mess which at times is run on a co-operative basis. Food is served in the mess. The
washer man and the barber visit the hostel regularly. Some students wash their own clothes. Others give
their clothes to the washer man. A hostel has a common room. Here, the students assemble together to
watch television. They also discuss in groups about the daily events, politics, current issues etc. A hostel
generally has a library. Many hostels have reading halls adjacent to the library. A hostel has facilities for
indoor games. Some hostels have facilities for outdoor games also like basketball, volleyball, badminton
etc. Thus, in a hostel, a student can develop his mind and body.
"We first make our habits and then our habits make us."
Various types of students are found in a hostel. Some are very studious. They always remain busy in
their studies. Some are mischievous. They give little time to studies. They spend their time moving
around, playing and bullying others or making fun of others, Students shouldn't misuse their time. They
should utilize their time in studies, games, debates, group discussions and other such fruitful activities.

Students of various communities and religion, stay together in a hostel. This helps them to know about
the various cultures of different regions. They develop a sense of unity in diversity and broaden their
outlook. They learn the lesson of co-operation.

Students learn many things in the hostel. They help one another in the hour of need. They become
enduring friends. They learn to become independent. In hostel, students have to live accordingly to the
rules of hostel. They have to wake up on time, sleep on times, have food on time, study on time etc. This
helps them in maintaining discipline in their life style.

In hostel, students have to do a number of works by themselves like taking of their belonging, washing
their clothes, arranging their beds etc. This helps them to be selfreliant. They learn what is right and
 23

what is wrong. Here, they do not depend on their parents. They depend on themselves. School children
staying in hostel are guided by Wardens and teachers. The adults are masters of themselves. Hostel life
makes the Students life regular and systematic.

Student of educational institution may face problems in hostel in the beginning. Ragging generally takes
place in a hostel. Senior Students make fun of junior students. Unfortunately, at times, ragging crosses
all limits of decency. Effective steps need to be taken to ban ragging.
Always look at life in a positive way, for we all act according to our perception.
There are also chances of students going astray in hostels. They should be properly guided by the hostel
authorities. Students stay away from their parents in a hostel. They carve for the love and affection of
their parents. Some students may feel themselves free from all bondages and spoil their life as they are
away from their parents. In Such conditions students may choose evil company and form bad habits.
Parents should visit them regularly and give them emotional support and guidance.
Caged birds accept everything, But flight is what they long for.
Students face life practically on their own in a hostel. Life in a hostel instills confidence in them. They
develop their personality. They learn to face the problems in life. They learn to self-disciplined, regular
and punctual. They develop a feeling of respect for Other religions and culture. They learn to help and
cooperate with one another. They learn Social etiquette and lead a better and disciplined life. Hostel life
thus helps them to develop many good qualities and make the students good citizens.

The only thing that will redeem mankind is cooperation. - Bertrand Russe
To sum up, we may say that hostel life is a boon and a bane-both at the same time. It is a boon for those
students who take advantage of it and make their life successful. On the other hand it is a bane for those
who fail to realize the very purpose of hostel life and spoil their future
Use what talents you possess. The woods would be very silent if no birds sang there, except those that
sang best. - Henry Van Dyke

The Importance of Knowledge may be defined as:

"Knowledge itself is Power"
Almost unquestionably, knowledge is the only permanent source of power in this phenomenal Word.
The very growth and survival of mankind depends upon the growth of knowledge. From the stone age
till the modern era, man continued to struggle for knowing the unknown. He exploredo the depths of the
seas, the high skies, the space beyond our galaxy, the human body and the human mind to seek the new
 24

horizons of knowledge. Today what we have and what we enjoy in all the fields of life is due to the
possession of knowledge.

The desire for power is perhaps included in the composition of man. So, he is born with it and retains it
till his death. The desire for power is in no way contrary to religion. The Bible says about the origin of
main.
After his creation, man was given dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the bird of the air, and
over the cattle and over all the earth.
There should be no wonder if man craves for power throughout his life. We can say that the history of
the world is a story of the struggle for power. From bloody fights of the primitive tribes to the scientific
and nuclear wars of civilized men, all reveal the same phenomenon. The power for which man struggles
so much is of two kinds, namely physical and mental. Before the dawn of civilization, men used to know
and think of only one kind of power and that was physical. The strength of arms used to decide the
things and might was always right. But the things got better gradually with the advancement of
civilization. The power of mind became more desirable than the physical one.
"The first step to knowledge is to know we are ignorant. - Henry Adam.
The power of mind which has done wonders in the world can be achieved by getting more and more
knowledge. Every body knows that all the great discoveries and inventions on which modern life is
based are the outcome of knowledge. The inventions of gun-powder, nuclear energy, aeroplanes and
computer have changed the very complexion of this world. Man has conquered the forces of nature and
used them for the betterment of humanity. So, the development of art, literature, Science and civilization
Surely depends upon mental power.
Knowledge comes but wisdom lingers."
In the remote past, the construction of a hut used to be regarded as an achievement, but the modern man
can now easily build a sky-scraper with the power of knowledge of construction. In today's world, man
is crossing the ocean, flying through the air and diving deep into the sea because of his developed
knowledge. Man also asserted his power over animal kingdom. We know more about the animals, birds
and insects than our forefathers knew. We have also made great progress in the field of medicine and
surgery. Briefly, what was once thought almost impossible is now easily achievable by the modern man.
Only the educated are free. - Epictetus, Discourses.
Behind our admiration for poets, scientists, philosophers, orators and critics lies our tribute to the great
appeal of knowledge. We respect and love them, for we think that they possess more knowledge than the
public at large. Hero-worship is actually the worship of knowledge.
He dieth not who seekth knowledge. - The Holy Prophet of Islam.
Man was a very weak creature when he first came in this world. But slowly, began to perceive the
relation between different things. He saw wherever there was fire, there was heat. He came to know the
law of nature that fire creates heat. So he was able to make laws about the phenomenon of nature. He
 25

also found that these laws were at work everywhere in the world. As his knowledge increased, his power
also increased a lot.
The ink of a scholar is more holy than the blood of the martyr. - The Holy Prophet of Islam.
There are various branches of knowledge, namely Physics, Chemistry, botany, Zoology, Logic,
Physiology, Psychology, Economics, Mathematics and Medicine. Everybody is fully aware of the fact
that each of these branches of knowledge has played very important role regarding the betterment of this
world. Today, we see that America, China, Germany and Japan have become the most advanced
countries of the world due to their modern knowledge. Physics tells us how to break atom in order to get
unspeakable power. We have got countless new medicines and chemical by the knowledge of
Chemistry. Religion has revealed to us the importance of spiritual world. In the same way, civics has
told us how we should live in society. So, each and every branch of knowledge is equally vital for the
welfare of humanity.
All I know is that I know noting. - Socrates.
So, knowledge has changed the very condition of man in this hostile and complex world. Knowledge has
given him power. Knowledge has given him happiness. Knowledge has provided him with security,
stability and strength. It is the knowledge which has made him the lord of animal kingdom.
"Seek knowledge though it be in China. The Prophet of Islam.
Briefly, we see that knowledge gives us not only power over the physical World, but also over mind and
spirit. So, it should be the sole aim and objective of our life to increase and develop our knowledge. If it
is handled improperly, It will surely become a negative force which can inflict unspeakable and
unimaginable loss on humanbeings.
"Happy is the man that findeth wisdom,
and the man that getteth understanding."

Books are really superb source of knowledge and enlightenment. They Open whole world of its readers.
As it is said that:
"The greater our knowledge increases, The greater our ignorance unfolds unfold".
There are hundred of books n this world. They leave an enhancing and soothing effect on our minds and
our perplexed souls. A book is a volume of many sheets of paper bounded together, containing text,
illustrations, photographsor other kind of information. I have read many books but the Holy Quran is the
most impportant and sacred book to me. This its is my favourite book.
 26

"Alif Laam Raa. A book which we have revealed to you (Muhammad) so that you may lead the people
from out of the darkness into the light by their Lord's leave to the path of the Allah Almighty, th
Praiseworthy." [Quran 14:1]
To bgin with, it is necessary to introduce th Quran. It is a message from Allah to humanity, which was
transmitted to us in a chain starting from the Almighty Himself to the angel Gabriel to the Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH). This message was given to the Prophet (PBUH) in pieces over a period of
approximately 23 years. The Quran has 114 surahs altogether. The Quran has 6666 ayahs or verses. At
also has 30 juz in it. The Quran has 14 sajdahs. The language of the original message was Arabic but it
has been translated into many other languages. The Quran includes numerous moral values which are
worth mentoring.

The Holy Quran contains a universal message for the whole of mankind without any limitation of time
and space. It seeks to guide man in all walks of the life, spiritual or wordly, Individual or collective. It
contains directions and code of knowledge which deals with thousands of uneducated a like. The Quran
is an ocean of knowledge which deals with thousands of subjects, many of which have not been
explored by men. It speaks of the best rules relating to laws of culture, civilization, morals, social
justice, administration, leadership, mutual dealings, distribution of wealth, economics, spiritualish,
Divien recogintion, purification of souls, enlightenment of hearts, unions with Allah, organization and
welfare of humanity, purpose of this creation and so on.

It specifies all our duties and laws and rules to spend our life. We should try to obey all the rules and
ways that Quran tells us.
"This day have I perfected your religion for you completed my favour from you and have chosen for you
Islam as your religion".
For more than 14 centuries ago people of the whole world were spending their lives in darkness. Then
Allah sent His last and greatest Messenger Holy Prophet (PBUH) and revealed His last Holy Book
Quran on Prophet. For more than 14 centuries, it has guided mankind and it will guide till the end of the
world.
"Verily We: It is We Who have sent down th Dhikr and surely, we will guard it" [Al-Hijr 15:9]
"It is for Us to collect it and to give you the ability to recite" [Al-Qiyamah 75:17]
Thus the Holy Quran is a complete code of the life. One can find a solution to every problem. It is not
only deals with the wordly affairs but also with affairs of the world hearafter. It gives us a complete
guidance. There are clear injunctions about our life in the Holy Quran. Every aspect of our life has been
discussed is detail in it. That is why the muslims cannot go against its teachings.
 27

"No great man lives in vain. The history of the world is but the biography of great men."
A hero is a person who is admired and appreciated for his courage, outstanding and exceptional
achievements and nobile qualities. There are many figures in hisotry who stood head and shoulder above
other men and women of their generations. They have altered the course of nations, re-written history in
the light of their acheivements and many have even influence our modern way of life in novel ways.
they are highly influential individuals who due to their charisma, intelligence, wisdom or politcial skill,
utizlized their noble power in a way that had a decisive historical impace. They stay alive through to
triumph and etch ehir names in th golden books of the history.
"The hero is one who kindles a great light in the world, who sets up blazing torchers in th edark streets
of the life for men to see by."
Allama Muhammad Iqbal is my favourite hero in history. He is the greatest Muslim thinker and poet of
his century still now. He was born at Sialkot on 9th of November 1877. His ancestors had migrated from
Kashmir some two hunderd years before. His father Seikh Noor Muhammad was mystic from whom
Iqbal inherited mysticism and deep live for religion. He received his early education at loacal high
school and passed his intermediate examination from Murrey College. He had th good furtune of
studying Arabic, persian and Islamyat under the inspiring guidance of Syed Mir Hussain. He proceeded
to Lahore for higher studies and joined the Government College. There he came under the influence of
Dr Arnold who inspired him to study Philosphy. In 1899, He obtained his degree in phiolosphy and
joined the teaching staff of the Government College. He went to Europe in 1905 for higher studies in
Philosophy and Law. He obtained his Ph. D in Philosphy from Germany. He was call to Bar in 1908.
Then he came back to India. He settled down as a practing lawyer but he did not take interest in this
profession.
"History is a huge gramophone in which he voices of nations are preserved."
At that time, the Indian Muslims were living in deep slumber and doldrums. They were struck between
the two extremes: the gloom and doom of slavery and the absence of the light for visionary thought and
action. Suddenly, nature graced them in the form of Allama Muhammad Iqbal, who possessed full-scale
potential to unravel the sub continental socio-political and communal problems. he Identified a noval
way to speak to the Indians, despite knowing that it was difficult to make his fellow countrymen think
about the need of the hour in an intellectual manner. He said:
"Destiny is the prison and chain of the ignorant. Understand that destiny like the water of the Nile:
Water before the faithful, blood before the unbeliever."
Allama may be credited as a trendsetter poet, who introduced the idea of change among the Indian
Muslims in their demeanour; political dogmas and he even thrashed their undue doggedness to their
 28

critics of the time. It was probably, Iqbal;s cross-continental observation, while tasking in the corridors
of the Lincon's Inn Cambridge University or his visit to Germany for Phd, which drove him fast to raise
voice for his community.

Iqbal was a born poet. His poems aspired to prepare a new nation. He highlighted the value of the
fundamentals of life, such as freedom, presentation of Islamic culture and brotherhood, self-respect for
all, self-awareness and independence. He gave authority to his views from histoy by incorpoating
several protagonists, such as the chivalry of Hazrat Ali (RA), the generosity of Hazrat Usman (RA) and
the truthfulness of Hazrat Salman (RA).

The foremost appeal in Iqbal's day poetry lies in the fact that he presents "foil" characters throught. He
did not portray a utopian world, which is even difficult to conceive for an ordinary readers. Iqbal did not
compose the turbulence, misery and exploitation of his fellow religion followers rather he incited the
Muslims to unfold new avenues for regeneration of their morals and ideals. Iqbal taught the significance
of struggle to awaken the Muslims, who had almost accepted slavery as their fate. He complains
"Why hast thou made me born in this country, The inhabitant of which is satisfied with being a slave?"
He wanted to ignite the light of faith among the Indian Muslims so that the dark overcast of depression
and fatalistic attitude could be erased from their idiosyncratic habits. Iqbal as a philospher and poet, did
not employ the traditional concepts of love, pessimism or loneliness as a unending phase in the life of an
emotional human beings. he gave value to nationalis, faith, identity, ambition and other practical
problems. he presented his philosophical thoughts in thr form of verses. His audience extended both in
number and following with his every fresh public appearence from the platform of the All India Muslim
League (AIML). This proved a fact that he was the first poet since the mutiny 1857, which really
touched the heart of the Indian Muslims. So Iqbal meets the definition of Wordsworth:
"Poet is a man speaking for men and has the capability to creat poetry that he can share with others".
In addition, Iqbal's contribution in the realm of the Indian politcs was more of a philosphical type. His
participation in the ongoing politcial culture of his time was restricted up to the AIML. The 1930
Allahabad session of AIML endorsed the concept of a nation state, as Iqbal prejected a new path to the
Indian Muslims. he stressed on an empirical notion by demanding for a separate homeland for the
muslims. It shows that Iqbal was a duty-bound thinker whose thinking skills and philosophical thoughts
was at its apex, while talking of Pakistan. He lit a new candle both for the Muslims politicians and the
followers, not of his age but for all the ages.

"If we do not lay out ourselves in the services of mankind, whom should we serve?"
 29

We are living in the scientific era. Miracles of science have changed our lives. The gifts of science can
be felt in every walk of life. Its services to humananity are immiscible. Science and its wonders appear
to be unalloyed blessing. It impacts can be felt in all spheres of life, namely health care, education,
communications, agriculture, industry etc

It has made our life longer, easier and comfortable. Moreover, it has brought about a change in our
outlook. Undoubtedly, science has revolutionized our life. Practically, no field of our activity is
untouched by the impact of science.

"Do the new, be the change."

The phenumenal development of modern technology and the spectaculars successes of researchers in
various branches of science are the bases of all those remarkable things which have sprung from the
brains of our scientists. In face these brain are the perennial source of the miraculous wonders which
appeared in the form of television, telescope, computer, robot, spacecraft and aeroplane to name a few.

"Equipped with his five senses, man explores the universe around him and calls the adventure science."
_ Edwin Powell Hubble

Science has produced such state of the art equipment which can probe the depth of the ocean, as well
can measure the height between earth and other planets of the solar system to find out the possibilities
for the existence of life on them. Science has produced such advanced technologies which have direclty
or indirectly contributed to enhancing the life expectancy of the human beings. Diseases like plague, TB,
Chickenpox etc no longer horrible.

"Science is the knowledge of consequences and dependence of one fact upon another." _ Thomas
Hobbes

The invention of mechanical man or robot as it is popularly called is one of greatest wonders of science
in recent times. The days are not far when these mechanical men would replace the human labour and
intellectual skill making human life less fatiguing and much more comfortable. In the field of commerce
and industry the electronic machines are doing wonderful services the astonishing speed and accuracy
with which this machine works is really appreciable. Vast accounts of data can be handled effectively
and efficiently at a very fast rate.
 30

"In essence, science is a perpetual seach for an intelligent and integrated comprehension of the world we
live in." _ Cornelious Bemardus

Computer have taken up key roles in all fields of activity including banking, railways, share markets,
scientific research, weather forecast, agriculture, designing, space reseach and technology,
communication and media, medical science, aviation, traffic control, language learning, literature and
many more. An invention of miraculous dimensions, computer today has become indispensable for
human beings.

Tv transmission is one of those marvels of modern science which has brought about immense change in
society. The intimate associations of viewers mould and shape their life in a thousand different ways. No
other mass media is as effective a catalyst of change in the life of modern man as is TV tody. During the
last hald century, it has almost reshaped our civilization and ushered us into a world that is far more
different from that of our ancestors.

Atomic enerygy is great achiement of science. It can work wonders towards the advancement of our
civiliztion, provided its power is wisely canalized and its importance held as a constructive agent. it
contains potentiality to solve the energy problem of the world. Scientists are confident that within the
nest two decades the enormous power of thermo-nuclear bombs will be availble to us for meetings the
demands of ever expanding economy in different fields of industrial activity.

When this inexhaustible source of energy is at our beck and call, we would not experience periods of
energy crisis. Of course the peaceful use of atomic enerdy can promise an age of prosperity and progress
offering an era in which food scarcity, low standards of living and insufficincy of some vital necessity of
life would be incidences of the past.

"Truth in science can be defined as the working hypothesis best suited to open the way to the next better
one."

In the field of medical sciences, it has given rays of hope to those suffering from deadly disease like
leakemia and cancer. The atomic surgery and isotopic treatment of these diseases have immensly helped
in mitigating the sufferings of manking. In addition out brilliant scientist are tirelessly working to perfect
plastic arificial heart.

Definitely, it would be matter of immense relief to millions of heart patients who eventually would be
able to lead a normal life. The lastes triumph of the medical sicense as its ability to reunite severd limbs
 31

of the human body.

"Every great advance in science has issued from a new audacity of imagination."

The development of marvellous synthetic products is a significant gift of science to the under-nourished.
The vitaminised medicinal food stored in little capsules. Invention of hearing aid etc are various gifts of
sicence to mankind. Science has different ways to serve mankind.

In the field of agriculture science high yield, pest resistant varieties science have been developed which
can give high yeilds and can solve the problems of hunger and food scarcity from the earth. Fax
machines, ATM, Internet, mobile, fast-moving trains, etc are various forms of services of sceince to
mankind. In face, Fax machines, widely used by business community have proved more versatile than
the telephone. ATM machine has helped man in becoming free from the risk of carrying cash. In short,
all those have combined to make our life easier and more comfortable.

"Whenever science makes a discovery, the devil grabs it while the angels are debating the best way to
use it."

There is no denying the fact that instrusion of science in our day-to-day life as helped in removing
superstition and obscurantism. Its has developed in man a habit of logical reaoning. It has shaped a
mental attitude based on scientific perspective. Now he sees everything on the basis of logic and
reasoning. Hence, it has contributed in producing scientific temperament.

Science has completely changed our life. It has turned the world into a small village, i.e. time and
distance no longer remain barrierd. Thus humanity is immensely indebted to the remarkable
achievements of the tireless work of the men of soaring ambition-scientists.

The achievements of ssicence in the spheres of the industry, agriculture, entertainment, education,
medicine and space research by inventive geniuses and resourceful scientists have undoubtedly made
our life happy and comfortable.

"The most remarkable discovery made by scientists is science itself."

Technical Education
Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself." - John Dewey
 32

Education is the key to one's success in life. Education is the process of acquiring knowledge,
developing the powers of reasoning and judgment and generally of preparing oneself for mature life.
According to Bacon
Reading maketh a full man; writing an exact man and conference a ready man.
In other words, we can say that education makes anyone complete, accurate and worldly wise. It means
that no one is complete without education. Education is important and significant for every individual in
a nation. It plays a vital and dynamic role to change the scenario of a country. Education makes a man
realize about himself and his goals and how to achieve that goal,
The principal goal of education is to create men who are capable of doing new things, not simply of
repeating what other generations have done." - Jean Piaget
There are many kinds of education. General or liberal education means learning for learning's sake. It
trains people in philosophy, history, literature, and humanities etc. social education teaches us how to
lead a good life in a society. It produces good and civilized citizens. Religious or spiritual education
molds our characters and makes us virtuous and pious. But vocational or technical education is not
learned for learning's sake only, but it enables us to practice our learning to earn a living. Technical
education may be defined as the practical application of scientific studies to the teaching of some trade,
profession or handiCraft.
Education is simply the soul of a society as it passes from one generation to another."
Modern age is the age of machine. The machine has entered into the soul of our social life and no aspect
of society is complete without it. Even the smallest thing of our daily use is manufactured after several
mechanical processes. Hence the need for technicians and skilled workers. A laborer who works on a
machine should be fully trained and should possess a thorough knowledge of that machine. So the
importance of technical education is increasing day by day. It is the only way to build up the economy of
underdeveloped or developing countries. The scope of technical education is so extensive. Science
mostly depends on technical minds. In fact, the industrial revolution is based on technical innovations.
One of the unfortunate things about our education system is that we do not teach students how to avail
themselves of their subconscious capabilities."
Technical education has numerous benefits: it solves the problem of unemployment by supplying the
industries with a large number of trained workers. A country can also increase its material resources
through technical education. It impairs dexterity, skill, quickness, attention to detail, a habit of neatness
and order. People begin to have faith in the dignity of labor. Another important practical advantage of
technical education is that when we have our own technicians and technical experts, a lot of foreign
exchange would be saved or earned. We can also earn foreign exchange by Sending cur technicians to
other countries. Thus, technical education makes a Country rich, prosperous and resourceful.
Tech geology is a gift of God. After the gift of life, it is perhaps the greatest of God's gifts. It is the
mother of civilizations, of arts and of Sciences.'
Our Country is facing an acute problem of unemployment. People are willing to work but they cannot
find jobs. As a result, the majority of them go astray. If we discuss the reason for this situation, we will
 33

find that it is our defective education system which lays too much stress or literary training and ignores
technical and vocational education.

The growth in education has resulted in a large number of people looking for white-collar jobs, which
are not available. There is no dearth of natural resources in Our Country. It is our misfortune that we are
still poor. It is because we do not know how to make the best use of our natural stock. Only technical
and vocational education can save us from hopelessness and depression. Technical and vocational
education can give us expert engineers, technicians, and mechanics. They are needed in large number in
our country.

It has been seen that young men and women after completing their education, find it very difficult to
find a suitable employment for them. It is because all of them run after office work. They never think to
do other work. They find it more prestigious in engaging themselves in petty jobs than to start their own
business. It is the fault of our education system. Hence it is essential to provide young men and women
with educational as well as vocational guidance. This will help them choose a profession in accordance
with their capability and attitude. This will also help in uprooting the problem of unemployment.
Vocational education programs have made a real difference in the lives of countless young people
nationwide; they build self-confidence and leadership skills by allowing students to utilize their unique
gifts and talents.
if during education period, Our young men and Women are taught to do so many things with their own
hands, many of them will not run after petty jobs. They will start their own business and what is more,
they will give employment to many others.

There is need of efficient and skilled workers invocations. Hence vocational and technical training is
very important. It is the age of large Scale industries. It is very difficult to achieve progress in the
industrial field without a sufficient number of technically trained hands. Hence, young men must be
given technical education, so that they may contribute their best in the desired development of our
country.
To conclude, our government has done a great deal in establishing technical and vocational institutions
throughout the country. We must take lessons from other countries which are powerful even though they
are not rich in natural resources. Only technical education has made them distinguished in the world.
Our County is fortunate to have rich resources. The only need is to give technical and vocational
guidance to our young men and women. This alone can solve many problems at the same time.
"Education is an ornament in prosperity and a refuge in adversity."

Woman place in society

 34

"Woman's place in society marks the level of civilization."

The place and role of Women has always been a matter of discussion. Some favour the freedom of
women while others shun it. Other than debates and discussions it is now an admitted fact that the role
of women in progress and prosperity of a society cannot be ignored in any way. Women have
successfully performed every role imposed upon them. Naturally, they are housewives but they have
been leaders, doctors, Social Workers and educators. In modern times they are considered an inevitable
part of sociai construction.

The history of place of women is not very pleasant. They have been man's first slave. They have been
the subject of terror and ill treatment. They were considered inferior. But with the passage of time, they
have turned the tables and have compelled man to admit that God has granted a solid women.

It was also a common misconception that women have no independent identity. A woman without a man
was considered a ship without sails. But the hard struggle of independence and self-respect has enabled
women to prove that they can control the houses and even lead the nation in the hour of need or the
chance provided.

"Women are at the very root of our social life."

In the field of education, it was not considered a necessity to educate women. They were not allowed to
receive even the basic education. But now gone are the days of Women illiteracy. At present women are
not only receiving education, they are also imparting knowledge to the nation.

Women have also joined other professions like business, banking, and medical assignments like that of
doctors and nurses. On the whole, teaching and medical profession seem to be the most suitable
professions for them. Their dignity and self-respect remain intact in these professions.

"Women are as vital and as human as Men."

There was a time when women were treated as possessions and not persons. For a long time they
suffered huge disgraces at the hand of man. They were only playthings for man. But with the
development of time the human rights have been granted to women. Their dull and dark lives have
attained warmth of life.

The political awareness has helped women struggle for their right and one of the fruit has been the right
to vote. This has been an acknowledgement of their having the faculty of thinking and the power of
decision.

Conclusion:
In the end, we can say that today there is hardly any field of life in which women have not taken part or
proved their ability. They have risen from the depths of slavery to the heights of leadership and equality.
Their past was dark, their present is safe and their future is quite bright.

"Women are the ornaments of society."

 35

Last day at college

Shelly says:
"We look before and after,
And pine for what is not:
Our sincerest laughter
With some pain is fraught;
Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thoughts."

A college is place where a man sees the dreams of the bright future. Students are sent to the colleges to
become sophisticated and expedient citizens of the nation. College is the place where the youth of the
nation is prepared by skillful and brilliant teachers. A college is always promisese a bright future to
those who are committed and steadfast. A college imparts knowledge but also tells us the ways to lead a
contented life.

"A college is lighthouse which emits radiations of wisdom and knowledge."

There are some moments in our life which are always memorable as well as unforgettable. Such
moments of life always glitter with unfurtune memories.

"Memory is the treasury and guardians of all the things."

My last day at college is still fresh in my memory and it is unforgettable day of my life.
I was sad because I had to leave the college forever but at the same time I was happy because I had
completed a part of my education. We were given a farewell party by our juniors. We reached the
college at nine o'clock in the morning. Our juniors welcomed us at the college gate. The Students had
beautifully decorated th ecollege with buntings and balloons. We were taken to the big hall. The students
took their seats. One side of the hall was occupied by the first year students and one by the second year
students. Our worthy and credible teachers were present near stage. The proceedings commenced with a
recitation from the Holy Quran. The first year students had also arrange different songs and dramas.
Everyone was in a very pleasant mood. A second year students was forced to perform the parody of our
English teacher. It was memorable scene. Then I was to speak a few words. I thanked the first year
students for arranging a splendid party. I also thanked the teachers and the princpal for their affection
and kindness during our stay here. After my speech, th first year students sang songs and performed
different skills. In the end, our Principal gave us his blessings ourselves to the building of our nation. He
advised us to lead a disciplined and honest life. He also wished us success in our future career. He
emphasized the importance of education and its crucial and vital need in the present era. He wished us
agood luck in these words:

"Nobody gets to live life backward. Lock ahead, that is where your future lies."

His speech was very impressive. All the students started clapping when he finished his speech. After the
 36

end of the Principal's speech we were served with tea, biscuits, cakes and fruits. It was a fine party
which was liked by everyone. We had video cameras but with us and we were capturing thse precious
moments not only in our cameras but also in our heasts. We also took autographs on their shirts. These
were the token of love and rememberance. After the function, we went to the vice principal office for
acquiring our character certificates. He also awarded us with his lovely piece of advice.

"Self reverence, self knowledge, self control; these three alone lead lead one to sovereign power."
Then came the time to laeve forever. Our hearts were heavy with mixed feelings. But beofre leaving, i
wanted to have a last glimpse of the college. So, i want to college common room. There were newspaper
and periodicals. But i was only s stranger there. The students were there playing games, reading
newspapers or discussing things.

"Life in a college is more fun than a serious effort to get education."

Then i went to the college library. It was peaceful and serene as usual. I remembered the time which i
had spent there. I walked along the shelves of countless books and looked at them pensively and
wistfully. The room was full of students who were absorbed in reading or writting. I also sat there for
sometime and enjoyed reading a book. I admitted:

"A college is a lighthouse which emits radiations of knowledge and wisdom."

Then i went to the playground. Many students were playing different games. Then i rushed to the
canteen. There was a huge crowd as usual. Passing through the corridor, i reached my classroom. The
chairswere empty and there was a silence everywhere. I recalled the happy hours spent there.

Now it was time of our departure. I left the college with sad hearts and these words were echoing in the
corridor of my mind:

"Farewell, my friend! farewell, my foes!

My peace with these, my love with those:

Blessings of science
Science is a good servant but a bad master. As a servant, it makes life comfortable, easy, luxurious and
more meaningful. But as a bad master, it is a devil. Then it turns life into destruction, curse, hell, and
ruin. And clearly, the devil is more powerful than the servant. It can reduce the whole world to rubble
and debris in no time. The example of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is before us. Now, we have thousand
times more destructive bombs and weapons than we had during the Second World War. These nuclear
weapons can devastate the whole world many times over.

Modern age is the age of science. During the last ten years, there have been great achievements in
science and technology. It has changed the face of the world beyond recognition. The whole world has
turned into a global village. Nations have come much closer to one another. There are greater
understanding and Co-operation among nations. And yet there are many problems being faced by the
people of the world. The cold war has ended and yet the threat to world peace is there.
 37

Radio, television, telephone, tele printers, computers, satellites, supersonic aircrafts space-crafts etc.
have revolutionized life. Man has landed on the moon. He has sent his research crafts on the Mars and
may soon print his footstep there. His achievements in the fields of medicine, agriculture, education,
health, communication, banking etc. have been equally great. The man has conquered many fatal
diseases. As a result, the rate of mo ability has decreased and expectancy of life increased. The standard
of living has greatly improved. Life has become very easy, comfortable and convenient. The
achievements of science have been too wonderful. This is the positive side of the science. They
represent the boons and blessings. But the negative side is too sad. It disturbs us all. Science has also
created many problems. They are not easy to solve. They are vast and global and have affected the
whole humanity.

Man has misused and abused science. He has become a slave to it. And the devil of science is busy
creating havoc. Indiscriminate industrialization has polluted our atmosphere. Our seas, oceans, rivers,
and lakes are dead or dying. The very air we breathe has become poisonous. In the blind race for wealth
and materialism, we have lost human values. There is greed, corruption, and selfishness everywhere.
There are no sympathy, love, fellow-feeling, values, and morality. Unemployment, unhealthy
competition, and rivalry are on the increase. Big, developed and advanced countries are exploiting the
poor and underdeveloped countries.

The nuclear powers are busy in having more destructive weapons. If there is Third World War, there
will be no civilization left. There will be no conqueror or vanquished. In such a situation science would
prove the greatest curse. If we look at the achievements and problems created by science, it is not easy
to say if it is a blessing or a curse. But actually, science is neither good nor bad. It is a systematic
knowledge of nature and things. It depends on man how he uses it. He may use it for a good purpose or
for an evil. Destruction and creation have common roots.

Science creates as well as destroys. In one hand it holds weapons of mass destruction, in the other boons
and blessings. They are two sides of the same coin. One side makes a man sad and pensive. In spite of
luxuries and comforts, man is unable to have good sleep and peace of mind. He is afraid of the nuclear
weapons and pollution problems. The horrors of destruction have almost paralyzed him. But ultimately,
science is not responsible for this miserable state. It is madness to blame science. It is just an instrument
which can be used either for development or destruction. The defect does not lie with the instrument but
with its user.

Load shedding
Pakistan is facing a very hard time as our current power supply is unable to meet the requirements. With
the passage of time, this crisis is growing serious in terms of both generation and distribution of power.
This shortage of electricity is playing havoc with industry, commerce and agriculture. Without proper
power supply tube-wells and other machines cannot work. Factories are unable to give production to
 38

meet the need of the market. Business centers remain dark most of the time. In hospitals, surgical
operations become impossible. Schools and Colleges are without lights and fans.

Life within the four walls of a house has become exceedingly difficult. Keeping in view the tropical
climatic conditions of our country, it can easily be imagined what happens with a common man when
there are extraordinarily long gaps of power breakdown. Look at the economic condition of the poor
masses Necessary food items are out of their reach. Education and health are costlier than ever. Can
such people purchase generators or devices like UPS. It is definitely the responsibility of the state to take
care of the basic needs of the people.

Industrialists and big businessmen are using their own generators. The result is, that their products are
expenisve. Once again it is the common man who is the sufferer. These generators consume a lot of fuel
that is resulting in price-hike of the petroleum products. The excessive use of generotors is causing
atmospheric pollution as well as noise pollution.

Let us first trace the causes of such a grave problem so that we may be able to suggest some remedies to
minimize its severity. The first cause is the lack of planning. No master-plan has ever been launched to
meet the needs of the growing population. No doubt many thermal power stations are working, but they
do not match the consumption. These power plants should be expanded and upgraded.

The second cause is WAPDA itself. The employees of this organization are white elephants. They are
not worth the cost. Their salaries and other benefits consume a lot of revenue. Line losses are also
getting out of control. Consequently, its reserves are not sufficient to set up more power stations.

Another reason is that the standard of living of most of our people has gone up. They have many items
at home that run with the help of electricity. Air-conditioners are frequent in use. Population is
multiplying rapidly and cities are growing fast. More electricity is needed to accommodate them, which
is not possible at the present moment.

As far as solutions are concerned, they are difficult to come by. A huge amount is required to set up new
power plants. If expenses are curtailed, such funds can be generated. WAPDA employees should work
with a national spirit and they should sacrifice their luxuries for a few years. This will enable this
organization to launch new projects of power generation. The real solution of this problem lies in
making new hydroelectric power projects. We already have such projects at Tarbela, Mangla and
Guddu, but they are not sufficient to meet the growing demand. India has started constructing many new
dams on its rivers. if we also follow the same policy; we will be able to get double benefits. We will get
cheaper electricity and at the same time we will have water reserves for our agricultural needs.

Unfortunately, we have wrongly politicized a national issue. If we succeed in constructing Kalabagh

Dam and other dams, it will prove a great blessing for our country. Our short-sighted political leaders
are playing a negative role in this regard. They try to reap temporary benefits and ignore the national
cause. They should learn a lesson from other countries where electricity for agricultural purposes is
almost free.
 39

There is another hurdle. We have a centralized system of power generation and distribution. Instead of
this system, we should have small power plants at the local level. The district and tehsil governments
should be given suitable grants to set up their own power plants. They should also be encouraged to set
up small hydroelectric power projects. Their cost will be affordable and their operation and maintenance
will be easy. If we take such measures right now, we will be able to save our nation from total disaster.

College Library
ibrary plays a vital role in the life of a nation. A library is said to be the treasure-house of wisdom,
experience, secrets of success and causes of failure and suggestions for improvement in future life. A
country having no rich and sound libraries cannot make the required progress.

Our college has a unique library. Its building is a newly constructed. It has two big halls well- furnished.
There are a few small cabins for the students to sit in there for reading hanks. The beautiful and costly
curtains hanging on the walls add more to the beauty of the library. There is an attached small hall
having chairs and tables for the students to sit there to read newspapers and magazines there. There are
two small grassy lawns in front of the library. Beautiful plants and sweet-smelling flowers in the lawns
make the atmosphere fragrant. The fountains keep the lawns fresh and green.

Our college library is well-pregnant with books on Medicine, Engineering, Agriculture, Ethics, Poetry,
and Fiction and on plays in English, Urdu, Punjabi, and Persian. The book-cases with glass fronts are
arranged in a beautiful manner.

All the books have been kept in accordance with the catalog that has been arranged alphabetically. All
the book-cases have been labeled as books on Medicine, Mathematics, Economics, English Poetry,
Novel, Drama, Fiction and Urdu literature etc to make the easy availability of the books.
Library staff consists of a Librarian, a clerk and a peon. The Librarian sits in his small well-decorated
and well furnished room attached to the library. He issues the books to the students on presenting a
library card. College stall makes use of library as well.

Our college library has two laces of books. There is a good addition to its collection every year. It
provides us a chance to enhance our knowledge in every walk of life.

First day at college

Dreams of the future are always more beautiful and charming than the realities of today. As scan
as I appeared in the Matriculation examination, I started thinking of free independent and interesting life
of the collage.
My elder brother used to tell me that life in a college was more a fun than a serious effort to get
education. A college is a place for making friends and for chalking out programmers to go to the
 40

pictures or for picnics. This description of the college life was in sharp contrast to the school life which I
had seen tor ten years. So-called discipline at school had bored me and the attitude of teachers in making
us feel that they knew everything on earth had developed a positive hatred for the school life. That is
why, I was dreaming of the college life.

On first September, I got up early in the morning, took bath and said my prayers. Meanwhile, my mother
prepared breakfast for me. I hurriedly took my breakfast and went to college by bus. When l reached the
gate of the college, some senior students of the college were standing there. Some of them were in jolly
mood and wanted to befool the new-comers. They had worked out their own plans to make the new-
comers indulge in strange actions.

However, we decided to act together to avoid their practical jokes. Some of the seniors were
approaching us with an air of superiority. They were larger in number so they made us subdue
immediately. Then they asked us to do strange things like singing ridiculous songs and doing monkey
pranks. The sense of self-respect did not allow me to act according to their wishes; still they forced me
to obey their orders. I felt a little humiliated but took it sportingly.

Meanwhile, a senior professor of the college came to our rescue. He asked the boys to assemble in the
hall where the Principal would address them. We went to the hall The Principal addressed the students
and advised them not to take part in politics at college. They should pay full attention to their studies and
try their best to achieve their goal. Afterwards, a professor guided us about our time-table and class
rooms.

Our first period was of English. We went to the classroom and sat on the benches. A professor entered
the room, the boys stood up to greet him. He took our roll-call and entered the names of the students in
his attendance register. He did not teach us but advised us about our feature life.

He stressed that we should not misuse the liberty rather we should make full use of the opportunity to
achieve our end. Afterwards, we moved to another room where the teacher in Arabic came. He delivered
his lecture on the importance of Arabic language and-advised us to come to the class with our books.
Then there was no other period on that day. So we went to the library and read some newspapers. We
discussed the lectures of our teachers and decided to work very hard from the beginning to get through
the examination getting very good marks. Then we left the library shook hands with one another and
departed. I took a bus and reached my home. I found a considerable difference between the school life
and that of college. I concluded that liberty or freedom must not be misused at all. Thus my first day at
college ended happily.

Social network

1. Introduction
2. Advantages of Social Networks
3. Disadvantages of Social Networks
 41

4. Influence on people in the future

5. Data Collection and Analysis
6. Recommendation
7. Bibliography
8. Appendices

This research report has answered the questions i.e. what is social network? What are the advantages and
disadvantages of social networks? How social networks will influence on people in the future? The
research report will specify in the fields of education and business, which are two of the most important
fields in the modern world, as parts of advantages of social networks. On the other hand, the report will
highlight the major problems of today world such as online crime and addiction to social networks as
primary disadvantages. Besides, there are analyses and predictions concerning with the dominance of
social networks and how they will influence on people in the future.
Justification
The main reason for choosing this research topic is because my interest lies in that field. Besides, I am
intended to specify my study in telecommunication engineering, which is a branch of my major study,
electrical engineering, at the University. Internet can be said as the base of telecommunication systems
and social networks are extensions of the internet. For all these connections and reasons I chose the topic
in the question.

1.Introduction
1.1 What is social network?
"A social network is a social structure made up of a set of actors (such as individuals or organizations)
and complex set of the dyadic ties between these actors" (Wikipedia.org)
"Social media is any form of online publication or presence that allows end users to engage in multi-
directional conversations in or around the content on the website" (OnlineMatters.com)
"Social media and social networking focus on two-way interactions, between the site (or the person
running the site) and the people reading or using it" (Salpeter,2011,p.6)
"Two-way interactions" means that comments are allowed in that blog and there could be interactions
between the writer and anyone who give comments.
1.2 History of social networks
1.2.1 Evolution of internet
The internet technology was introduced in the 1960s. The forerunner of the modern Internet was called
ARPANET and it was created in 1969 by a worked for the Advance Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
in the U.S Department of Defence. Basically, they just wanted to build an electronic communication
system that could carry military data without disturbance. In 1971, an engineer Ray Tomlinson, invented
the first electronic mail (e-mail) program. Twenty years later, in 1991, British scientist, Tim Berners-
Lee, invented World Wide Web and created Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) that establish links.
1.2.2 Development of social networks
Social networks evolved since the internet technology was first developed in the 1960s. One of the first
online communities was Usenet, which was created by Duke University graduate students, Tom Truscott
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and Jim Ellis. Usenet was similar to a discussion forum where students can share their opinions and
suggestions. In 1984, similar method of online interaction called Bulletin Board System (BBS) was
introduced. Later, the emergence of social networks rocketed with the invention of World Wide Web by
a British scientist, Tim Berners-Lee, in 1991.
One of the most dominant social networks in the history, Friendster, was founded by Jonathan Abrams
and launched in 2003. Along with Friendster, LinkedIn and MySpace also become popular in their
respective fields. After 2003, the social networks become so popular that, by the time Facebook was
launched in 2006, the Internet users had more than two hundred social networks to choose from.
Nowadays, Facebook is regarded as the most successful social network with over 1.06 billion monthly
active users, 680 million mobile users, more than 50 million pages and 10 million apps. (April, 2013
data)

2. Advantages of social networks

2.1 Education Field
In the survey conducted by Pew Internet Project's research, it showed that 67% of online adults use
social networks. This data describes the fact that social networks can be used to improve the education
of adults and students since they already have certain influence on the learners.
The main advantage is that students can further explore topics that they are interested in by using online
social networking since they may have limited resources and time in school. Apart from that, for adults
with unique interests, it is not easy to find friends with same interest to chat or discuss with. However,
social networks link these people with the ones with same passion, where they can interact with people
from different parts of the world.
On the other hand, teachers can take the advantage of students social networking abilities to create
discussion forums, class blogs and online teaching. Such collaboration between students and teachers,
acting social networks as a medium, can help the students gain opportunities to cover knowledge in a
wider area and pursue interest.
Schools also use social networks as an intermediate to keep in touch with students. Certain networks
such as Facebook, Moodle, Secondlife, Digg and other networks are often used by teachers to connect
with students and to hold out-of-classroom discussions.
So, it is quite obvious that several advantages are observed for the impact of social networks on the
education field.
2.2 Business Field
Social networking takes place online where people meet and share ideas, recommendations and
experiences. So, it is similar to a non-stopping communication with a broad audience through a variety
of platform or sites. This is one of the factor that the organizations are interested in social media since
they can get different kinds of suggestions and feedbacks from people.
Many companies use social networks such as Twitter and Facebook to connect with customers and
prospective clients. This leads to a golden opportunity for job seekers to learn more about the
organization and easily connect with people who work there. Job seekers can become acquainted with
the ones working, through these social media, and once they achieve strong presence on these networks,
it becomes feasible to reach the people with the authority to hire an employee.
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Different kinds of social networks convey effective ways to find jobs. One can search about the
company in Google by simply typing the name of that company. Facebook, Twitter and FourSquare are
excellent social networks to be able to interact with the people who work in the organization. If lucky,
one can meet with a recruiting agent and have some conversation and discussions which could increase
the chance to get the job. Moreover, one's profile can be distributed on the social networks, which will
increase the probability of getting the job. Mariam Salpeter, the founder of Keppie Careers suggests that,
"Creating an online presence allows hiring managers, recruiters, colleagues and friends to know more
about you, what you offer and what you want. It's a way to draw jobs to you instead of you spending
your time searching the jobs" (Salpeter,2011,p.75)
One of the most important thing to point out the impact of social networks on business field is, social
media marketing. By acting social networks as stepping stones, social media marketing can gain a lot of
benefits including relationship building, brand building, publicity, promotions and so on. So, it can be
concluded that social media marketing proposes several opportunities for entrepreneurs, small
businesses, midsize companies and large corporations to build their brands and business.
(Gunelius,2011)

3. Disadvantages of social networks

3.1 Crime
Highlighting the benefits of social networks, it doesnt necessarily means that there are no
drawbacks in them. Recently, online crime which is also known as Cybercrime, proposes an increasing
threat to all the internet users. This includes online sexual exploitation and cyber bullying. One of the
main problems to eradicate cybercrime is that it is hard to identify the offender and it is almost
impossible to keep full-time surveillance in such a wide network.
3.1.1 Online sexual exploitation
One of the most aggressive forms of cybercrime is the online sexual exploitation. This includes sharing
pornography, persuading for sex and sex chat. There are over 665000 registered convicted sex offenders
in the United States of America, according to a study commissioned by the National Center for Missing
and Exploited Children. This means that one in every seven kids has been approached by a sexual
predator online. That is 13% of children who use the internet.
Moreover, the Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) mentioned that the average sex offender
offends for 16 years before he is finally caught. In that life span, he has committed and average of 318
offenses and violated 110 victims. Regarding these data, it can be clearly seen that online sexual
exploitation has been destroying the lives of children who use social networks. (Hoffman,2012)
3.1.2 Cyber bullying Cyber bullying is different from face to face bullying as the bullies cannot be
identified easily and they have sense of security that convinces them they won't get caught. Not knowing
the harm that they caused to victim, the bullies do not feel any guilt or empathy.
Cyber bullying is also a form of cybercrime which include different branches. The most common type is
called harassment, where the abusive and insulting messages are repeatedly sent to the victim. Other
kinds of cyber bullying such as flaming, denigration, impersonation, outing, trickery, and exclusion are
also found in the world of social networks. The most crucial way is called cyber stalking which fuel up
harassment with significant threats and creates fear.
3.2 Addiction to social networks
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Social networks, being used as a form of assistant in the field of education, also show negative impacts
on students. One of these impacts is addiction to the networks. A survey done by the University of
Maryland's International Center for Media & the Public Affairs (ICMPA) showed that people under the
age of 25 have more chance to addict social networks and two-third of the students who use social media
have already shown some addiction. Fifty percent of people between the age of 25 and 35, admitted that
they are so attached to social networks that they even use them during office hours. Besides, children
can also become attached to social media, if there is no parental guidance.

4. Influence on people in the future

4.1 Positive Influence
Apart from the negative aspects of social networks, there are some occasions that they can influence
people's lives positively in the future. One of these influences is that people will obtain more convenient
ways of living. Holding meetings and discussion forums using social networks will make time for the
busy business-men to spend more time with their family. Online shopping will reduce the time
consuming of housewives, when they can do other house chores. Moreover, students can have online
learning days where they can interact with people from different parts of the world and share their ideas
and debate issues.
The next fact is that social networks will help people to be able to keep in touch with the developing
world. This includes sharing latest news, stock share prices and gold prices. Since social networks
become available on mobile phones during these days, people will always be informed with the current
news of the world.
Last but not least, some experts of social networking want to advance it to the stage of communication
where it can replace telephone. So far, social networking sites such as Google, Face book and Skype
became major media for oversea communication. Scientists of social networks believe that they can
create new communication technology that could possibly replace mobile phones in the future.
4.2 Negative Influence
Although the social networks can conduct many positive influences, they impose negative ones at the
same time. The major drawback is that people may start to lose physical communication and interaction
in the real world. For example, two people become best friends online but they do not talk to each other
in the real world. Besides, there will be no conversation between partners in the job as the systems are
computer control and they can communicate by simply typing some words in chat box.
The second influence is the case of students and children. While students can gain knowledge when they
use social networks, they can also face with threats and online hazards. Most people believe that cyber
crime rate will increase in the future as the criminals can manipulate different ways and methods of
crimes in such a world with over 300 social networking sites.
On the other hand, there is possibility that people, especially between the age of 15 and 25, will become
more addicted to social networks in the future. Moreover, since social networks start to focus their
websites on entertainment and business commercials rather than on education, people may spend more
of their time on the networks instead of reading or doing physical exercises. Spending over time on
social networks is not favourable to health also because when one is using the networks, he or she is
doing nothing but sitting in front of a screen or lying on a sofa.

5. Data collection and analysis

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5.1 User statistics

According to a survey conducted in 2013, Face book is the most successful social network, obtaining
67% of internet users. Twitter and Pineterst, which stand at second and third positions, have 16% and
15% of users respectively. The researches and surveys describe that women are more attached to the
networks than man do. Besides, the researches point out that people between the age of 35 to 44 are
most likely to use social networks. This is followed by the age group of 25-34 and 0-17. People over 65
have the least potential to use the networks.
5.2 Mini-survey results
To be able to observe accurate and latest data, I conducted a mini-survey which included 100 people,
varying age between 15 and 35, from different parts of the world. This survey contained telephone
interviewing, emailing and paper distribution.
After analyzing all the answers and data, the result came out that 75% of people use at least one kind of
social networks and 25% of them use two or more. Among those who use social networks, 20% of
people use less than one hour and the remaining use more than two hours per day. They do not usually
use two hours straight away. Instead, they check their profiles on networks while going to school or job,
having lunch and going back home. Integrating these times with the actual time they use the networks,
probably during their leisure hours, the result came out to be two hours per day or more.
Most people assumed that being in touch with friends and receiving information as a benefit while they
regard low security in privacy and online bullying as major drawbacks.

6. Recommendation
Firstly, parents must check their children profile regularly and explain about cybercrimes. This will
make children to be familiar with the ways of approaching of cyber predators and parents can take
precautions for their children.
Secondly, one should not accept friend requests if the person is not an acquaintance in the real world.
Besides, one should not share personal information such as address, telephone number and email address
in social networking sites.
Lastly, if someone is bullied or harassed, he or she should report to the authorities of respective social
networking sites and contact police when serious threats are made.

Essay on the Importance of National Unity and Strength

National unity is the first and foremost necessity of peaceful and prosperous country. No one can deny
the fact that unity is safety. Disunity results in fall of the countries. There are many examples in the
history of the world when due to lack of national unity there have been internal as well as external
dangers to the security and survival of countries. In our history also, we lost East Pakistan due to lack of
national unity.
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The present situation of national unity is not very bright and encouraging. We are the worst victims of
disunity. Our religion gave the message of unity and love to the whole human race but we have turned
the tables. We have become totally disunited. We have developed different political groups, caste
system and even religious sects. These trends have proved and are still proving to be very costly. We are
inwardly as well as outwardly in danger. Our enemies are within and outside the country. Often the
newspapers reflect this disunity. We have lost one part of the country. One of our neighbors is a constant
danger for us but still we have not learnt any lesson from our past mistakes.

There is no doubt that Pakistan is passing through the most critical period of its history. The terrorism,
sectarianism, corruption, political unrest and economic crisis are causing a threat to its solidarity. To
make Pakistan powerful and prosperous national unity is a must. Only our national unity can promise
our safety. Therefore, in order to live a happy and secure life. We should try to uproot all the
differences, clashes and obstacles which effecting our country. On the other hand, Pakistan is an Islamic
republic and our religion Islam teaches us unity and co-operation. Islam is a religion of unity and
fraternity. So, if we make Pakistan a true Islamic state that will unite us more strongly and more easily
than any other way.

Following are suggestion to improve national unity.

1. Act upon Islamic rules and make Pakistan an ideal Islamic state.
2. Media i.e. T.V, radio and newspaper should play their vital positive role in promotion national
unity.
3. Educational system especially syllabus on all levels should be based on national unity.
4. Students are leaders of future. There should be seminars in educational institutions for improving
national unity.
5. Every citizen should play his part and realize his basic responsibility in serving the nation.

Conclusion:In the end we can say that we do not have ideal national unity. But if both the Government
and the public make sincere efforts we can make Pakistan an ideal Islamic State, a powerful and
prosperous country and above all a model to be followed and envied by others.