GUJARAT NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY

Attalika Avenue, Knowledge Corridor,

Koba Gandhinagar - 382 007, Gujarat

REFERENCING STYLE
FOR

GNLU JOURNAL OF LAW, DEVELOPMENT AND POLITICS

1|Page
 MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION STYLE SHEET:

The author/s are request to strictly follow the guidelines (stated below) and the style sheet for citation and references.

Citation: GJLDP prefers the in text citation (author-date) system with parenthetical citations. The journal has drawn the system, as well as some
of the illustrations, from both Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) 16th Edition and for legal citation Harvard Bluebook 19th Edition and the Economic and
Political Weekly (EPW). The full citation of all reference should be compiled together in alphabetical order (by authors surnames) and
presented as a list of References at the end of the manuscript.

In text Citation: Examples:

1: embed the reference in the text with the form (author last name, year, p 5 or pp 5-9) .
or
Smith stated "...that...." (2001, 75).

2. For repeat citations: e.g. (ibid 75)

3: If the same author has more than one reference in a given year append a letter -- a,b,c, etc. -- to the year. (Brown, 1991a; Brown, 1991b).

If two or more authors are cited at the same point in the text then they are included in the same in-text citation, separated by a semicolon e.g.
(Brown 1991; Smith 2001).

For groups of citations, order alphabetically and not chronologically, using a semi-colon to separate names:(Brown 1992; Gadgil and Guha 1994;
Lovell 1989).

Use "et al" when citing a work by more than two authors, but list all the authors in the References (unless there are six authors or more).

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 Reference: You need provide the full citation for each reference at the end of the paper . The list should be alphabetical by author last name. It
takes the form:
a) Book: Author last name, first name(year) Book Title.(Publishing City: Publisher.
b) Journal: Author last name, first name (year) "Article Title," Journal Name .Vol. or No.

Citation: examples

Material Type In-Text citation Example Reference List Example

Book: Single Author (Naipaul 1995, 25-27) Naipaul, V. S. 1995. A House for Mr. Biswas. New York: Random House.

Book: Same Author (Naipaul 1995a, 25-27) Naipaul, V. S. 1995a. A House for Mr. Biswas. New York: Random House.
Same Year (Naipaul 1995b, 15-20) . 1995b. V. S. Naipaul Archive. Tulsa, OK: McFarlin Library

Book: 2 Authors (Dewitt and Wilan 1993, 83) Dewitt, Dave, and Mary Jane Wilan. 1993. Callaloo, Calypso and Carnival: The
Cuisine of Trinidad and Tobago. Freedom, CA: Crossing Press.

Book: 3 Authors (Boxhill, Chambers, and Wint 1997, Boxill, Ian, Claudia Chambers, and Eleanor Wint. 1997. Introduction to Social
123) Research with Applications to the Caribbean. Jamaica: University of the West Indies
Press.

Book: More Than 3 (Dibb et al. 2005, 183) Dibb, Sally, Lyndon Simkin, William M. Pride, and O. C. Ferrell. 2005.
Authors Marketing: Concepts and Strategies. 5th ed. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Book: No Author (A history of Greece 1994) A history of Greece 1994, Irwin, Sydney.
Book: Editor (ed.) (Levine 1987, 12) Levine, Barry, ed. 1987. The Caribbean Exodus. 2nd ed. New York: Praeger
For more than one Publishers.
editors (eds.)

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Book: 2 or More (Bullinger & Warnecke, eds 1985, 20- Bullinger, HJ & Warnecke HJ (eds) 1985, Toward the factory of the future,
Editors 21) Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
SUBSEQUENT Howard, Michael, Althea La Foucade, and Ewan Scott. 2010. Public Sector
EDITION OF A Economics for Developing Countries. 2nd ed. Jamaica: University of the West
BOOK (Howard, La Foucade, and Scott 2010, Indies Press.
102)
CHAPTER IN AN (Athiyaman 1984, 153) Athiyaman, Adee. 1984. Strategic Choices in the International Hospitality
EDITED BOOK Industry. In The International Hospitality Industry: Structure, Characteristics and
Issues, edited by Bob Brotherton, 142-160. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
TRANSLATED (Pamuk 2004, 112-115) Pamuk, Orhan. 2004. Snow. Translated by Maureen Freely. London: Faber
BOOKS and Faber.

COMPILER (Cowell and Boxhill 1995, 55) Cowell, Noel M. and Ian Boxhill, comp. 1995. Human Resource Management: A
RATHER THAN Caribbean Perspective. Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press
AUTHOR
SUBSEQUENT (Howard 2010, 102) Howard, Michael. 2010. Public Sector Economics for
EDITION OF A Developing Countries. 2nd ed. Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press.
BOOK
CHAPTER IN AN As discussed by Blaxter (1976, 120 Blaxter, M. 1976. Social class and health inequalities. In
EDITED BOOK -35) Equalities and inequalities in health, edited by C. Carter and
OR J. Peel, 120-35. London: Academic Press
(Blaxter 1976, 120-35)

PREFACE, (Watson 2002, xxi) Watson, Patrick. 2002. Foreword to A Practical Introduction to
FOREWORD, Econometric Methods: Classical and Modern, by Andrew S. Downes, xxi. Jamaica:
INTRODUCTION University of the West Indies Press.
OR SIMILAR PART
OF A BOOK

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Secondary Source (Zukofsky 1931) Zukofsky, L. 1931. Sincerity and objectification. Poetry 37 (February 1931):
(quoted in...) 269. Quoted in B. Costello, Marianne Moore: Imaginary possessions. Cambridge,
MA: Harvard Univ. Press.

BOOK PUBLISHED Note: If a book is available in more than one format, cite the version you consulted. For books consulted online, list a
ELECTRONICALLY URL or, if available, DOI ;( Digital Object Identifier ) and also need to include an access date (eg. Accessed) Include
an access date only if one is required by your publisher or discipline. If no fixed page numbers are available, you can
include a section title or a chapter or other number.

BOOK PUBLISHED (Pratt 2002, chap. 2) Pratt, Shannon P. 2002. Cost of Capital: Estimation and Applications. Hoboken,
ELECTRONICALLY NJ: John Wiley. Accessed August 24, 2010.
(without DOI) http://www.netlibrary.com/Reader/.

BOOK PUBLISHED (Antokoletz 2008, 2) Antokoletz, Elliot. 2008. Musical Symbolism in the Operas of Debussy and Bartok.
ELECTRONICALLY New York: Oxford University Press. Accessed August 24, 2010.
(with DOI) doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195365825.001.0001.

ORGANISATION AS (World Bank 2008, 147) World Bank. 2008. Environmental Health and Child Survival: Epidemiology,
AUTHOR OR Economics, Experiences. Washington, DC: World Bank

(Billabong International Ltd 2005) OR

.
Billabong International Ltd. 2005. Annual report 2005 brands. Connect4.
http://www.connect4.com.au
(accessed November 29, 2006).
CONFERENCE (Rittgen 2006, 180) Rittgen, Peter. 2006. Integrating Organizations in a Supply Chain with
PROCEEDINGS Electronic Contracts. In Managing Information in the Digital Economy: Issues &
Solutions - Proceedings of the 6th International Business Information Management
Association (IBIMA) Conference, 19-21 June, 2006, edited by Khalid S. Soliman,
176-183. Bonn, Germany: IBIMA.

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LECTURES, PAPER (Fernandez-Aballi 2007) Fernandez-Aballi, Isidro. 2007. Challenges and Opportunities of Digital
PRESENTED Libraries and Digital Repositories. Paper presented at the Caribbean Digital
Libraries Workshop, National Library and Information System Authority
(NALIS), Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, July 10-14, 2007.
BOOK REVIEW (Gayle 2006, 161-164) Gayle, Dennis J. 2006. Review of Cuba: A Revolution in Motion, by Isaac Saney.
OR OR Journal of Caribbean International Relations 2 (October): 161-164.
BOOK REVIEW (Kamp, 2006) OR
ELECTRONIC Kamp, David, Deconstructing Dinner, review of The Omnivores Dilemma: A
VERSION Natural History of Four Meals, by Michael Pollan, New York Times, April 23,
2006, Sunday Book Review,
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/23/books/review/23kamp.html.
JOURNAL ARTICLE Citations of journals include the volume and issue number and date of publication. A specific page reference is included in
the text; the page range for an article is included in the reference list, preceded by a colon.

Include a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if the journal lists one. If no DOI is available, list a URL. Include an access date
only if one is required by your publisher or discipline
ARTICLE IN PRINT (Weinstein 2009, 453) Joshua I. Weinstein. 2999. The Market in Platos Republic. Classical
JOURNAL Philology 104(vol): 452-53.
ARTICLE IN (Erskine and Georgiou 2010, 501) Erskine, James A. K., and George J. Georgiou. 2010. Effects of Thought
ONLINE JOURNAL Suppression on
Eating Behaviour in Restrained and Non-Restrained Eaters. Appetite 54 (3):
499-503. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.02.001.
Print Newspaper John Kifner reported that he saw no Kifner John. Title.New York Times. May 5, 1970.
Article indication of sniper fire (New York
Times, May 5, 1970).
OR
(Kifner 1970)
Online Newspaper (Smedley 2010) Smedley, Marie. 2010. Coral Bleaching in Tobago. Trinidad Express,
Article December 2. Accessed December 5, 2010.
http://www.trinidadexpress.com/featured-news /Coral-bleaching--in-
Tobago-111166274.html

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Online or Print Devin Gordon writes about a
Magazine Article young Seattle couples
experiences reconstructing a
house in a Newsweek article
entitled My Life as a House
(October 27, 2003, 78).
Gordon, Devin. 2003. Our Life as a House. Newsweek, October 27, 78-
82.
Include a URL for a magazine article retrieved online, with accessed
December 7, 2005. (14) 206: 78-82

OR
In Text:
(Gordon 2003, 78)

PATENTS OR (List and Hurst, 1989) List, Stephen, and Ronald Hurst. 1989. Process for Producing Carbon
OTHER Black. US Patent 4,879,104, filed June 16, 1987 and issued November 7,
DOCUMENTS 1989.

WEBSITE CONTENT A citation to website content can often be limited to a mention in the text (As of July 19, 2008, the
McDonalds Corporation listed on its website . . .). If a more formal citation is desired, it may be styled as in
the examples below. Because such content is subject to change, include an access date or, if available, a date that
the site was last modified. In the absence of a date of publication, use the access date or last-modified date as
the basis of the citation.
(Arthur Lok Jack Graduate School Arthur Lok Jack Graduate School of Business. 2010. Practicum
of Business 2010) Resources. Accessed November 10, 2010.
OR http://www.lokjackgsb.org/library.php.
(NALIS 2009)
OR
National Library and Information System Authority (NALIS). 2009.
Historical Society. Colonial Publications and Correspondence: 1490-
1960. NALIS. Accessed November 16, 2010.
http://library2.nalis.gov.tt/infofiles/cgi-bin/library.exe.

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BLOGS Blog entries or comments may be cited in running text (In a comment posted to The Becker-Posner Blog on
February 23, 2010, . . .), and they are commonly omitted from a reference list. If a reference list entry is needed,
cite the blog post there but mention comments in the text only. (If an access date is required, add it before the
URL.
(Girvan 2007) Girvan, Norman. 2007. Caribbean Integration and CARICOM.
Caribbean Political
Economy, October 18. Accessed November 16, 2010.
http://www.normangirvan.info/caribbean-integration.

PUBLISHED OR The titles of the named podcasts that are mentioned should be italicized while the title of the blog should be
BROADCAST placed in quotation marks.
INTERVIEWS -
PODCASTS
(Steinke 2007) Steinke, Darcey. 2007. Interview by Sam Tanenhaus and Dwight
Garner. New York
Times Book Review, podcast audio, April 22. Accessed November 16,
2010. http://podcasts.nytimes.com/podcast/2007
/04/20/21bookupdate.mp.3.

AUDIO Documentation of a recording usually includes some or all of the following pieces of information: the name of
RECORDINGS the composer, writer, performer, or other person primarily responsible for the content; the title, in italics or
AUDIO BOOKS, quotation marks, as applicable; the name of the recording company or publisher; any identifying number of the
VIDEOCASTS recording; indication of medium (compact disc, audiocassette, audiovisual file, etc.); and the copyright date or
date of production or performance. Recordings consulted online should include a URL or DOI. Supplementary
information, such as the number of discs in an album and the duration of the recording, as applicable, may also
be given.
(Schlosser 2004) Schlosser, Eric. 2004. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American
Meal. Read by Rick Adamson. New York: Random House Audible.
Audiobook, 8 compact discs, 9 hrs.
(Harwood 2008) Harwood, John. 2008. The Pros and Cons of Biden. New York Times
video, 2:00. August 23. http://video.on.nytimes.com
/?fr_story+a425c92f51bd19f2a621fd93b5e266507191.

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UNPUBLISHED In a parenthetical citation, the terms personal communication (or pers. comm.), unpublished data, and the like
INTERVIEWS AND may be used after the name(s) of the person(s) concerned, following a comma. Reference list entries are
PERSONAL unneeded, though each person cited must be fully identified elsewhere in the text. Initials may be used for first
COMMUNICATIONS names. The abbreviation et al. should be avoided in such citations.
INTERVIEWS (Girvan, pers. comm.) Girvan, Norman (Senior Fellow, Institute of International Relations,
UWI, Trinidad and
Tobago). 2010. Interview by author, May 16. St. Augustine, Trinidad
and Tobago.

PERSONAL E-mail and text messages may be cited in running text (In a text message to the author on March 1, 2010, John
COMMUNICATIONS: Doe revealed . . .), and they are rarely listed in a reference list. In parenthetical citations, the term personal
EMAIL communication (or pers. comm.) can be used.
(Shaw, e-mail message to author, Shaw, Tim. (Director, Institute of International Relations, UWI,
May 16, 2010) Trinidad and Tobago). 2010.
or E-mail message to author, May 16.
(Shaw, pers. comm.)

WORKING PAPERS (Lucki and Pollay 1980, 10) Lucki, Deborah D., and Richard W. Pollay. 1980. Content Analysis of
AND OTHER Advertising: A Review of the Literature. Working Paper, History of
UNPUBLISHED Advertising Archives, Faculty of Commerce, University of British
WORKS Columbia, Vancouver.

THESES & (Kumara 2011, 20) Kumara, Jeewaka Saman A K. 2011. National Security Dilemmas of
DISSERTATIONS Small State: A Case Study of Sri Lanka. Ph.D. thesis. University Pune.

For theses retrieved from a commercial database, add the name of the database and a document URL or an accession number
following the facts of publication. In this example, the dissertation cited below is shown as it would be cited if it were retrieved
from database for dissertations and theses.
(Kumara 2011, 20) Kumara, Jeewaka Saman A K. 2011. National Security Dilemmas of
Small State: A Case Study of Sri Lanka. Ph.D. thesis. University Pune.
Shodhganga (http://hdl.handle.net/10603/2017)

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ANONYMOUS Begin with title Begin with title
WORKS
The NSW Board of Studies (2006,
35) advocates an inclusive
approach in syllabus design.
OR
Reducing friction is essential
(Pressure Care 2000, 3).
Begin with title Begin with title
NSW Board of Studies. 2006. Syllabus Development Handbook.
Sydney: NSW Board of Studies.
http://www.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/manuals/pdf_doc/syl_dev_ha
ndbook.pdf
OR
Pressure Care. 2000. Perth: New Health Press.

LEGAL AND PUBLIC DOCUMENTS INCLUDING CASE LAW AND STATUTES

Citation in predominately legal works generally follow one of two guides (1) The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation published by
Harvard Law Review Association or (2) The ALWD Citation Manual: A Professional system of Citation, prepared by the Association of
Legal Writing Directors and Darby Dickerson.
The University of Chicago Manual of Legal Citation known as The Maroonbook also forms one of the major system for citing legal and
public documents including cases, constitutions, statutes and other government documents. The GNLU Journal of Law, Development
and Politics prefers to use the author-date in text citation system .
CASES In running text (Within a decade S P Gupta vs Union of India, AIR 1982 SC 149
spanning the cases of S P Gupta vs
Union of India dealing with question of
judicial appointment...)
OR
In S P Gupta vs Union of India....
Article published in a (Thakur 2002, 26-38) Thakur P.K. 2002. Permissibility of Probation in Offences Punishable
Case Reporter with Minimum Imprisonment 2 SCJ 26-38.
Citation of an essay (Jaswal 2002, 117). Jaswal P.S. (2002).Constitutional Law-I. ASIL. XXXVIII. 115-150).
published as a part of a
Survey of Law (e.g.
Annual Survey of

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Indian Law
Case Law
All India Reporter If the case name and citation together Kesavnanda Bharati v. State of Kerala, AIR 1962 SC 933.
(AIR) are to be written in the text of the
article itself .
Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
(AIR 1962 SC 933).
Supreme Court Cases If the case name and citation together Jassa Singh v. State of Haryana. 2002. 2 SCC 481.
(SCC) are to be written in the text of the
article itself Jassa Singh v. State of Haryana
(2002. 2 SCC 481)
Criminal Law Journal If the case name and citation together Lakhwinder Singh & Ors. v. State of Punjab, 2003 Cri LJ 3058 (SC).
(Cr.L.J) are to be written in the text of the Ujjagar Singh v. State of Haryana, 2003 Cri LJ 1691 (P&H).
article itself
Lakhwinder Singh & Ors. v. State of
Punjab, 2003 Cri LJ 3058 (SC).
Ujjagar Singh v. State of Haryana, 2003
Cri LJ 1691 (P&H).
If parties to a case are State of Punjab v. Union of India (1977) 3 SCC 592.
numerous, for e.g (State of Punjab v. Union of India, 1977)

ACTS (Information Technology Act, 2000) The Information Technology Act, 2000 (Act 21 of 2000)
REPORTS (Law Commission Report, 1992) (i) Law Commission of India. April 1992. 144 th Report on
Or Conflicting Judicial Decisions Pertaining to the Code of Civil
(Ministry of Home Affairs, 2003) Procedure, 1908.
(ii) Government of India,2003. Report: Committee on Reforms of Criminal
Justice System. Ministry of Home Affairs

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Supreme Court Reports There were a total of 1,63,025 cases... (Supreme Court Annual Report 2008)
( Supreme Court Annual Report
2008)
Online or Print (Court News, 2008) Court News, Supreme Court of India, accessed 24 February 2009.
Magazine Article available at http://www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in/courtnews/
JAN-MAR2008.pdf 8.

All England Reports (Wilcox v. Jeffery, 1951) Wilcox v. Jeffery .(1951). 1 All ER 464
(All ER)

Legal Materials other than India.

CASES Rules relating to case names
Where there are multiple parties, name only the first claimant and first defendant.
Where the parties are individuals, omit forenames and initials.
Abbreviate common words and phrases; for example, use BC for Borough Council or Co for Company

Case name | [year] | court | number |

CASES Corr v IBC Vehicles Ltd [2008] UKHL Corr v IBC Vehicles Ltd [2008] UKHL 13
13 OR
OR Page v Smith [1996] AC 155 (HL)
Page v Smith [1996] AC 155 (HL)
The Supreme Court first applied the Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961)
exclusionary rule to a state case in Mapp Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 670 (1961) (where 670 indicates the
v.Ohio. page no.)

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Pinpoints
A pinpoint is a reference to a particular paragraph of a judgment or page of a report. If a judgment has numbered paragraphs (as
will generally be the case where there is a neutral citation), pinpoint to a particular paragraph by putting the relevant paragraph
number in square brackets. If you are pinpointing to a page number, dont use square brackets. Separate multiple pinpoints with a
comma, or signify spans of paragraphs using a dash.
(Callery v Gray. 2001. EWCA Civ 117, Callery v Gray [2001] EWCA Civ 117,WLR 2112. 42, 45 or 42-45
WLR 2112. 42, 45 or 42-45 OR
Or Bunt v Tilley.2006 EWHC 407 (QB), 2006 3 All ER 336. 1 37.
(Bunt v Tilley.2006. EWHC 407 (QB),
3 All ER 336. 1 37)

STATUTES In your text, give the popular or official name of the act and the year it was passed. Each word of the statute is
capitalized but not italicized.
To prevent people with disabilities Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101336, 2,
from being discriminated against in 104 Stat 328 (1991
the workplace, Congress passed the
Americans with Disabilities Act of
1990....
CONSTITUTIONS (U.S. Const. amend. XIV, 2.) E.g. for section 2 of the 14th amendment to the U.S. constitution:
Or U.S. Const. amend. XIV, 2.
(S.C. Const. art. 1, 12.) E.g. for section 12 of article 1 of a state constitution: S.C. Const. art.
1, 12.

DOCUMENTS ON Cite as usual, followed by the URL if

THE INTERNET the item is only available on the
internet:
(Rock v. Teamster, 2010)
(Geneva Convention, 1949)
Granite Rock Co. v. Teamsters, No. 081214, slip op. (U.S. June 24,
2010),
http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/09pdf/081214.pdf
Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War,
Aug. 12, 1949, 6 U.S.T. 3316, 75 U.N.T.S. 135,
available at http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/FULL/375?OpenDocument

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TREATIES
(include treaty title, the
date it was signed, and
the name of the
publication in which it
appears. Bibliographic
entries should list the
country as author.)
INTERNATIONAL
LEGAL AND PUBLIC
DOUCMENTS
ONLINE:
The texts of treaties signed before 1950 are published in United States Statutes at Large; the unofficial citation is to
the Treaty Series (T.S.) or the Executive Agreement Series (E.A.S.), each of which assigns a number to a treaty
covered. Those signed in 1950 and later appear in United States Treaties and Other International Agreements (U.S.T.,
1950), or Treaties and Other International Acts Series (T.I.A.S., 1945), which also assigns a number. Treaties
involving more than two nations may be found in the United Nations Treaty Series (U.N.T.S., 1946) or, from
1920 to 1946, in the League of Nations Treaty Series (L.N.T.S., 192046).
An exact date indicates the date of signing and is therefore preferable to a year alone, which may differ from the
year the treaty was published in one of the works above. Page numbers are given where relevant.
(Treaty of Peace and Friendship, July United States. Treaty of Peace and Friendship with the Cherokees,
1791) July 2, 1791,
OR Statutes at Large of the United States of America 8, art. 4.
Treaty of Friendship, 1953)
OR Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation U.S.Japan, Apr. 2,
(Geneva Convention, 1949) 1953, 4 U.S.T. 2063.
Multilateral: Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of
Prisoners of War, Aug. 12, 1949, 6 U.S.T. 3316, 75 U.N.T.S. 135.
The United Nations makes many of its documents available online (in English)including those
published by the General Assembly and the Security Council and dating back to the first General
Assembly in 1946.Many of the documents published by the United Nations and other intergovernmental
bodies are issued in the form of reports. In general, list by the authorizing body (and the author or editor
where appropriate), the topic or title of the paper, and the date.
(The Spanish Question, UN 1946) United Nations Security Council (SC), Resolution 7, The Spanish
OR Question, June 26, 1946,
( The Situation in Liberia , UN 2006) http://www.un.org/documents/sc/res/1946/scres46.htm.
OR
SC, Resolution 1731, The Situation in Liberia, 4(a), Dec. 20, 2006,
http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/unsc_resolutions06.htm.
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