2-40C Considere dos pequeas bolas de vidrio idnticas que

a formula
Q, m /h 0.36 0.72 D1.08 =
for2 acm,
1.44 = 2.041.80
D o cm, and L =
se dejan caer en dos recipientes idnticos, for uno terminal
lleno con agua fall velocity
y andvapply (rev/s) to SAE 0.5330 oil 1.59 at 20C 2.79 steel3.83cylinder 5.49with 1.95 I
ENGELel 02C otro con aceite. Cul
2/22/06 4:41deAM lasDdos =
R 2
Page bolascm, Do = primero
60 llegar 2.04 cm, R al fon- and L = 15 cm. kPa
)p,Neglect the 159effect of 318any air 477 in the tube. 1274 1851 found
dad de do del recipiente? P1.54 Por qu? (b) A liquid of unknown viscosity is placed in the same viscometer Solution: The geometry psiisthe
s
What is the viscosity of the fluid? Note: Only the first three bulk m
isotr-
Solution: dinmicaThe de a)geometry COMPILADO
lquidosis similar
used in part (a),Dand
DE PROBLEMAS
to Vthe
E only data given below
ISCOSIDAD terminal
- What velocity,
are obtained.
1 the cylinder
Determine
2-41C Cmo vara la viscosidad los the Prob. points
viscosity 1.47,ofgive thisthe proper
liquid. vertical
viscosity. instead is of horizontal.
peculiar about the At 1.96
y b) los gases
2/15/12 9:01*P1.55
con la temperatura? terminal velocity, the cylinder weight should lastequal
two points, the viscouswhich were drag:measured accurately? decrea
xd
mtri- PM Page The device ANS-1in Fig. P1.54 is called a rotating disk viscometer
nte de
Problemas
2-42C Cmodvara e [27].
Traslacin
laSuppose
viscosidad cinemtica de
that R ! 5 cm and h ! 1 mm. If the torquea) los lqui- P1.59
!(lb) A solid cylinder
0.04 of
0.11 diameter D, length L,0.33
0.22 and density0.44
a = 0:
D0z. The clear- z
*s
F = W
1.97
dos yPROPIEDADES
b) los gases required 60
con la temperatura? (rev/s)
falls due 0.72
to gravity ! inside a V
1.89
tube of diameter
3.73 " 5.44 7.42 tainer.
z = 0: Fz = W + Drag = ance, sg D0D+ L + # D, is filled with $fluid DL,
DE LOS FLUIDOS to rotate the disk ata 900 r/min is 0.537 N " m, v 2
D ,, of density * and ton app
bilidad
2-43 Se debe mover what un is the
2-44 Considere el flujo de un fluido con viscosidad m por un
bloqueviscosity de 50 of thecm fluid?
" 30Ifcm the" uncertainty
20 cm in each
aceite SAE 10W viscosity
a
4
20C & .
(m Neglect
! %0.1
(D
the
Pa air
o
!

s),
D)/2
above
como and& se below
muestra the en
cylinder.
la cylin- or:andV(c)=
que pesa 150 N a una parameter velocidad (M, R, h, #) is de
constante $10.8 percent,
m/s sobre what una is the overall Derive a formula for en thelos terminal 1.98 D
nte de tubo circular. El perfil de velocidad en el tubo se expresa como
superficie inclinada uncertainty
con un in the
coeficiente viscosity?de friccin de 0.27. a) la figura
gD P2-46.
(D Si, especialmente
D) lados,fall el velocity
espesor of dethe
s o der. Apply your formula to the case of a steel cylinder,
u(r) ! umx(1 " r n/R n), en donde umx es la velocidad mxima or: V =pelcula de aceite es deAns 1.2 .mm, determine la potencia necesaria

Answers to
Determine*P1.56 la fuerza TheFdevice necesaria in Fig. P1.56 isencalled
a aplicar a cone-plate
la direccin hori-viscometer 8 ! 2movimiento.
cm, D0 ! 2.04 cm, L ! 15 cm, with 1.99 C
de flujo, la cual se tiene en la lnea central; r es la distancia
[27]. The angle of the cone is very small, so that sin para ! mantener D
este Determine
tambin la areduc-
film of SAE
en 10 zontal. b) Si se aplica una pelcula de aceite de 0.4 mm de espe- % 20C. necesario For thela particular numerical
radial desde la lnea central y u(r) es la velocidad de flujo en cin en el consumo 30 oildeatpotencia cuando temperatu- cury, ac
10 atm sor, con una viscosidad %, anddinmica the gap isdefilled 0.012 withPa the ! s test
entreliquid. el bloque The torque M P1.60 For Prob. 1.52 suppose that
cualquier posicin r. Desarrolle
the For
unathe relacin
particular para la numericalfuerza de
Assuming case aceite seeleva
del given,
aralin- 7850
hasta 80Ckg/m
3
(m ! 0.0078 . For P !Pa 0.1! hp
0.29
SAE when V !
s).kg/ms
30 oil from at6 ft/s, Table
20C, 1.1001.4
a den- y la superficie inclinada, to rotatedetermine cone at ela rate # is measured.
porcentaje de reduccin Datos: Lsteel
! Weight ! 4.5 ft, bRotating ! 22 in, and h ! 7/8 in. Estimate the vis-

Selected Even-Numbered
arrastre ejercida sobre la pared del tubo por el fluido en la ton. A
0 atm en la fuerza necesaria. ear velocity 0.29
profile in the kg/ms
fluid film, from derive Table 1.4.2-47
an expression Then the
El sistema formula de embrague
cosity of predicts oil, que
inner
thecylinder in kg/(mse muestra s). Ifouter
" Fixed en
the launcertainty
figura P2-in each reading
direccin del flujo, por unidad de longitud del tubo.
for fluid viscosity & as a function of (M, R, #, %). 47 se usa para parameter transmitir (P,
Liquid parL,deb, torsinh, V) is mediante
cylinder
percent, unawhat pelcula sgD(D
is the over- o ton D)ha
gD(D D) de (7850
aceite con kg/m !3 )(9.81
m all 0.38 N !m/s s/m 2 que est entre dos
2
)(0.02
$1
m)(0.0204 Vterminal
discos 0.02 = m)
idn-
Chapter 82Propertie
olum- uncertainty in the viscosity? Assum
r n /R n ) = = de*P1.61
s o
u(r) = umx (1Vterminal Problemas de Rotacin

Homework Problems
ticos 30 cmAn de air-hockey
dimetro. Cuando
puck has alamass flecha of 50 impulsora
g and is 9gira cm in di- atmosp
entaje 2-47 V = 0.8 m/s 8
a una velocidad de 1 450 8(0.29
rpm, se kg/m
observa s)
que la flecha impulsa-
urante ameter. When placed on the air table, a 20C air0.265
film, ofm/s1.101 An
50 cm Solution A clutch system isda usedgiratoatransmit1Figure P1.88
torque through un an oil under film between two
en la
R
0.265 m/s Ans .
3980.12-mmrpm.
a) Suponiendo
Discos thickness, forms perfil lineal thede puck. Theidentical
velocidad puck is disks. withou
F
30rotational
cm speeds,
r
the transmitted torque para lais pelcula to be determined.
de aceite, determine el par de torsin transmi-
struck with an initial velocity of 10 m/s. Assuming a lin-
F
umx 0 tido. 1.102
Assumptions 1 The thickness of the oil film is ear velocity
uniform. 2 Thedistribution
rotational in speeds
the air film, of the how disks long will itconstant.
remain
n de 1 20 1.89 take A the12-in.-diameterpuck to (a) slow circular
down to plate 1 m/s is placed
and (b)over stopacom-fixed sure ex
nto en 150 N R bottom plate with a
= 0.380.1-in. gap between
2 the two plates filled with Determ
Fluid
Properties The absolute viscosity of oil is given to beAlso,
Flecha
pletely?
glycerin impulsora
as shown in Fig. P1.89.
(c) how Ns/m
Flecha
far along . this extremely long table
Determine the torque required to 1.103
ca del R: ENGEL
F1=105,5N FIGURA
02C; F2= 57,2N P2-44 willcircular
the puck have impulsora
traveled at 2 for condition
Assume (a)?
2/22/06 4:41 AM Page 60
FIGURA P2-43 rotate the plate slowly rpm. that the velocity isother

Chapter 1 1.98 1a2 P1.62 343 m!s;
distribution The 1b2in 1010
hydrogen the gap m!s;
bubbles
is 1c2
linear 446
which
and m!s
that produced
the shear the
stress velocity
on the pro-
edge final d

2-45 Se
1.2 1a2 jala
MLThorizontalmente
!1
; 1b2 ML4 L!2;de1c2una MTplaca !2 plana delgada de 1.100 104 of psithe1gage2 files in Fig.
rotating plate 1.13
is are quite small, D ! 0.01 mm. If the hy-
negligible.
30 cm 3 mm 1.104
20 cm #
1.4 1a2 20
FLT cm !2 a 1 m/s !1
; 1b2 FL a Ttravs !1
; 1c2deFLuna !3 capa de aceite de 3.6
T 3
1.102 2.88 kg!mdrogen-water interface is comparable to air-water and the
mm de 1a2 espesor, Driving of 14.7
1.10 FL!1;que 1b2
P1.56 est
FL !3entre dos placas, una estacionaria y la
; FL 1.104 4.25 # 10 !3
water slugs!ft temperature 3
; 305 is
%F 30C Driven
estimate the excess pressure
otra movindose a una Aceite SAE 30W sure of
1.12 !1
LT ; F L 0 0
T ;velocidad
0
LT60 !1 constante de 0.3 m/s, como se 1.108 1.06shaft within the bubble.
Problems 35 Torque
shaft Rotating plate
gas.
muestra en la
1.14 Yes PROPIEDADES DE LOS FLUIDOS figura P2-45. La viscosidad dinmica del aceite 1.110 14.1% P1.63 Derive Eq. (1.37) by making a force balance on the fluid
es de 0.027 Pa ! s.2For Suponiendo que la velocidadofenFig. cada una suppose
de 1.112 FIGURA P2-47 1.105
*P1.57 the cone-plate viscometer P1.56, that4.74 psi 1abs2 interface in Fig. 1.9c.
tion (Eq. 1.16 1!2,
$5 !1!2
0.1-in. gap
3.5 capas
# 10 2-44 lbaceite# Considere
s&ft R Determine
. vara el flujothe%de thickness
un of
fluido thecon water layer un-
viscosidad por un with th
las de ! 6 en
cm forma
and ! lineal,
3. If a)the trace
torque la grfica
required delm rotate
to the
1.114 13 kPa 1abs2 aceite
P1.64 SAEAt 10W
60C a
the 20C
surface (m !
tension 0.1 Pa
of !
mercury s), como and se
watermuestra
is 0.47 en
By what 1.18 der the Dimensionless
runners.
tubo
perfil de velocidadcone Assume
circular. a
El linear
perfil
y encuentre velocity
de distribution
velocidad
el lugar en N endondein
el the
tubo water se
la velocidad layer.
expresa como 30 cm
4.32 mm!s; at 1b2600 r/min
kg; is1c20.157 " m, what is the viscosity 1.116 of5.81 la kPa
figura P2-46.
and
1abs2; 0.0662 Si,elespecialmente
N/m, 1abs2 respectively. en Con losWhat lados, el espesor
capillary de la *1.106
height
rature is 1.20 1a2 (1y2 "
70.2
n/R n), en donde
13.4 N;
umxines la sevelocidad
2-48 Reconsidere 0.842 psi
problema 2-47.
3 these
mm el software
del aceite u(r)es! cero umxthe b) r determine
fluid? If the la 2fuerza
uncertainty que
each necesitamxima
parameter (M, R, #, pelcula de
changesaceite es
will de
occur1.2 mm,
in determine
two fluids la potencia
when necesaria
they are in pressur
s remain 1d2 22.3 m!s ; 1e2se1.12 N " s!m 1.118 0.060 N!m de EES (o cualquier otro programa de este tipo),
aplicar sobre de flujo, la placa la%)cual 5para
is $1 tiene en
2 mantener
percent, what la is
este lnea
the central;
movimiento.
overall r es la distancia
uncertainty in the vis- Figure
para mantener
contact P1.89 este
with movimiento.
air in a clean Determine
glass tube of tambin
diameter la reduc-
0.4 mm? umes,
1.22 1a2 6.47desde # 10la m ; 1b2central
56.8 # !2 3
10 esmla; velocidad de flujo 1.120 investigue
538 Pa el efecto del espesor de la pelcula de aceite en el
radial cosity? lnea y u(r) en cin
P1.65 en el
The consumo
system in de potencia
Fig. P1.65 necesario
is used to cuando
calculate la
thetemperatu-
pressure isentro
1c2 3.86 # 105 m; 1d2 4
1e2 289 para 1.122 par de Nota:
torsin Pa Ltransmitido.
os problemas Haga1que .89 ely 2espesor
.47 son desla emejantes.
pelcula
able B.2 cualquier
*P1.58 posicin The 3 laminar-pipe-flow
5.90 # 10una
r. Desarrolle W;relacin
example
K la fuerza
of Prob. 1.12 can be vare de 97.9
used ra del aceite
p in se
the eleva tank hasta
by 80C
measuring (m !
SAE
the 0.0078
30W
15-cm Pa
oil
height ! s).
of liquid in against
mine the 1.30 1a2 0.240ejercida mi ; 1b2 sobre 4.41
Pared# fija10 5
lb del tubo por el fluido 1.124 24.5
1a2desde 1.90 0.1 deg mm hasta
1
Vehicle shock 10 absorbers
mm. Tracedamp la grfica de los re-caused by
out oscillations
arrastre la pared en la 1.107
q. 1.112. 1.32 30.6 kg; 37.3
to design a capillary viscometer [27]. If Q is the volume
N por unidad de longitud del tubo. 1.126 sultados 0.0614 2-47
que in.;
road Elthe
obtenga
roughness.
Yes
1-mm-diameter
sistema y exprese de embrague
Describe sus tube. que
howconclusiones.
The se
a temperature
fluid muestra is at 60C
change enmay la (see
figuraProb.
affect P2-
the
direccin del
flow flujo,
rate, L is the pipe
Analysis length, and
The )p is
disks the pressure
are rotting dropin the same 1.64).
direction Calculate at the
different true fluid
angular height speeds in the
of tube andand of
the . can be
Theref
are with 1.34 1150h kg!m 3
; 11.3 kN!m V = to
3
1.128 2-49 1.80 47 # se
Laoperation usa
10 of
viscosidad
!2 para
ft a de transmitir
shock algunosabsorber. par de
fluidos torsin
cambia mediante
cuando una
1 pelcula
sewater and 2
1 = 1 mm 1 m/s
n in the 1.36 0.0186 ft3; No from entrance exit, the theory F of
assume one of the disks to be stationary Chap. 6 yields
1.130
a for-
aplica 7.49and
un de mm the other
aceite
fuerte
percent
con to
campo m! error be due
rotating
0.38
elctrico
to
N en capillarity
! s/matellos.
anque
2 angularif the
estfenmeno fluid
speeddos
entre is (a) idn-
of discos
se 1at 37
. Thechange
2 C veloc
mula for viscosity: 1.91 (b) Some
mercury. measurements onEste a blood sample the air
1.38 0.9971 h2 =lb 2.6 mm u
anywhere
( r) = u ( 1
mxin the oil of film thickness
r n /R n )
conoceh is como ticos
V198.6 de
/h where 30
efecto
F2 cm
indicate V = (
electrorreolgico de dimetro.
2 )r is
a 1shearing Cuando
(ER)
stressthe ytangential
oflos la 0.52flecha
fluidos impulsora
N$velocity.
2
m que for a corre- gira
Then thetion wallit
Vw = 0.3 m/s
1.40 991.5 kg!m3 anywhere on the surface of the Chapter
faster muestran
disk 2 aatsponding
una
un
a
velocidad
rateroffrom
comportamiento
distance
de 1 450
shearing the
rpm,
deaxis esteofse
strain of
tipo observa
200ses#1conocen
rotation
que la flecha
. can
Determinebe como the impulsa-
expressed apparent
as flow c
R da giraEla modelo
viscosity 1of398 therpm. del Suponiendo
blood and compare de un perfil
it with lineal
the de el velocidad
viscosity of answer
1.42 16.0 kN!m3; 1.63 Pared# en 10
3
kg!m3; 1.63
movimiento du r V (1 2.2 fluidos
2 )r
59.2 ER.kPa plstico Bingham para

1.44 Figure P1.77
4.76 (kg w = = =
2.6 esfuerzo 34.7 para
water la
cortante,
psi pelcula
at theel same
cual de se aceite,
temperature.
expresa determine
como t ! el tpar
y $ de torsin
m(du/dy) transmi- pheric
is curve, R: F = 1,62N Y = 6mm desde la pared en mvto) dr 0 h h tido.amplitud para describir el comportamiento
FIGURA P2-45 3
!r umx 2.8se usa 404 con kPa de los
ogram is 1.46 1a2 0.0214 kg!m ; 1b2 rMars earth $ 1.75%
Then the shear force acting on a differential areadebidodA onathe surface andUna the de las aplicaciones h
11 with- 1.78
1.48 6.44 A # 25-mm-diameter
10 !3
slugs!ft 3shaft is pulled through a cylindri-
; 0.622 lb 2.10 fluidos 1a2 ER,
p $ !E v ln 11 su ! sencillez.
r 0 gh!E v 2; 1b2 61.4 MPa;
torque generation associated with itmscan be expressed
promisorias de as los fluidos
Flecha ER es el embrague
Flecha ER. Un
cal
2-46bearing
1.50 Un cuerpo
98.7 as
psia shown en forma in Fig. de P1.78.
conoThe cortadolubricant gira athat fills the
velocidad 1c2 60.6 MPa
FIGURA andP2-44 (a1 kine-
2 )r embrague ER2 tpico de impulsora impulsora
0.3-mm
angular668
1.52 gap
constantebetweende
lb the200 shaftrad/s bearing
en un
dF is
= an oil
recipiente dA having
= lleno con 2.12
( 2 r ) dr p $ Kh !2 & '0h discos mltiples consta de varios dis-
F and m matic viscosity of 8.02 # 10$4 m2&!2 s and a specific 2
w
gravity of 0.91. h 2.18 cos de 464acero mm igualmente espaciados de radio interior
1r R1 y
to deter- 1.56 Determine
0.6 the
2-45 Se
N "force s!m P; 1.3 # 10 lb " s!ft
required to pull the
jala horizontalmente de shaft
una placa at a velocity plana delgada of 2 de exterior R2, N de ellos sujetos a la flecha de entrada.
radio
equation 1.58 3 m/s. Assume 0.727 Nthe" s!m velocity
2
(1 2 )r 2.20 62.9% 2 (1 2 ) 3 30 cm 3 mm
20 cm # 20 cm !2 a distribution
1 m/s a travs dinT the
=de gap
rdF una=iscapa
linear. de aceite de (23.6 La brecha
r )dr = hftentre los discos r dr paralelos se llena con un lquido
1.60 23.7, 2.55 # 10 h 2.24 4,250 h
mm de espesor,2 que est entre dos placas, una estacionaria yviscoso.
la a) Encuentre una relacin para el par de torsin
2.26 543 m
hown in 1.62 0.277 otra movindoseN " s!m a una velocidad Integrating, Caja
constante de 0.3 m/s, como se
generado por el embrague cuando la flechaAceite de salidaSAE 30W est
s 2 mm, 1.64 2.05 muestra # 10 !5
en laNfigura " s!mP2-45. 2
La viscosidad dinmica del 2.28
aceite 60 kPa
Bearing Lubricant estacionaria y b) calcule el par de torsin para un embrague
r FIGURA P2-47
2.32de2 14.4 D
4 kPa 1abs2 / 2
hen it is 1.66 1a2 es deNo;0.027 1b2 Not Pa !correct
s. Suponiendo que2 (1 10W
la velocidad 2 )enDcada / 2 una (1 psia; 2 )99.3 (1 2 ) D 4

3
he fluid 1.68 184 las capas de aceite varacm en forma T = Aceite SAE
lineal,ha) trace la r dr
2.34 = 1a2 18.2 ft; 1b2 8.73 =
psi; 21.7 psia
r = 0grfica del
D = 12 P 1!2
2.36 0.317 hT ft
R: 4.m r = 0, T=
= 0,55 N 32h
1.70 C $ 1.43
Shaft # 10 !6
kg!1m
perfil de velocidad y encuentre el lugar en donde la velocidad " s " K 2; S $ 107 K 2-48 h = 1.2 mm
!6 z 2 3 2.38 6.28 ft Reconsidere el problema 2-47. Con el software
wer plate 1.72 D del$ =1.767
L aceite 12 cmes # cero10 yN b) " s!mdetermine; B $ 1.870 la fuerza # 10 queK;se necesita
!4 2 Noting that = 2 n , the relative angular
2.40 !3.32 kPa speed is de EES (o cualquier otro
Casco programa de este tipo),
b above 5.76
aplicar # sobre10 la N placa
" s!mpara mantener este movimiento. R2 Rde
2 d = 4 cm investigue
2.42 1a2 4.00 ft; 1b2 2.08 ft el efecto del espesor de la pelcula 1 aceite en el
hin plate 1.74 0.300 N " s!m 1 min
ed plate. 1.76 non-Newtonian
r
1 2 = 2 ( n 1 n 2 ) = ( 2 rad/rev
2.44 1.45 ft )
(
par1450
de torsin1398 ) rev/min
transmitido.
Haga que = 5.445
el espesor rad/s de, la pelcula
0.5 m
vare desde 0.1 mm hasta 10 60mm. s Trace la grfica de los re-
the vis- 1.78 286 N Pared fija 2.46 1a2 26.9Flecha kPa; de1b2entrada 0.202 m Flecha de salida
and bot- Figure P1.78 Substituting, the torque transmitted is determined sultados to que 3beobtenga y exprese sus conclusiones.
1.80 0.0883 m!s 2.48 1.55 slugs!ft
Placas montadas sobre Placas montadas
the bot- h = 1 mm V = 1 m/s 2 2-49
4kPa La viscosidad de algunos fluidos
el cascocambia cuando se
1.82 0.268 ft!s 1 (0.38 N s/m )(5.445 /s)(0.30 m)
F 2.50 94.9 la flecha de entrada sobre
1.79 A3.43 piston T =in. and a length of 9.50 2.54 21.6 aplica = 0.55un fuerte N Campo mcampo elctrico
magntico variable en ellos. Este fenmeno se
1.84 #having10!4 lb a diameter of 5.48
32(0.003 m) ft
2 = 2.6 = 0.3 m/spipe. The 2.56 575conoce lb!ft2 como efecto electrorreolgico (ER) y los fluidos que
in. slides downward hwith mm
1.86 9.53
FIGURA # 10P2-46 !4
ft "albvelocity V throughVaw vertical FIGURAunP2-49
downward motion 2is resisted by an oil film !3between the 2 piston and 2.58transmitted muestran
0.100 m is proportional comportamiento de este tipo se conocen como
1.88 1a2 12.7 ft !rev; 1b2 4.73Discussion # 10 lbin.,"Notes!ft thatcylinderthe torque to the fourth power of disk diameter, and i
the pipe wall. The3 film thickness Pared isen 0.002
movimiento and the fluidos ER. El modelo del plstico de Bingham para el
1.94 2.03 # 10 psi proportional to the thickness # 2 of the 2.60oil film. 27.8%
 1.72bot
}de dimetro. Cuando la flecha impulsora gira1.80 x y % 1.4 /3 !1.63 slug/ft10, 83920kg/m30
2
t of Prob. 1.12 ticos {B}de 30 ! {L cm%1 y3Speed (rpm)
constant 40 50 60 70 80
et the in- 1/2 3/2 1.82 y ! x 1.6
tan (N
$ & (a)
! s/m {L2 2
constant) /T 2
};
0.121 (b) {M/T}
0.139 0.153 0.159 0.172 0.172 0.183 .0.185 1.74vers
1.14 ! Const Bdeg1 450
a unaQvelocidad H rpm, se observa que la flecha impulsa- ER con y n ! 2 4001.76 de
*P1.55
1.8 ' The
! N1.00 2 11
device
! My/I para
in Fig. R1P1.54! 50ismm, ! 200 mm,
calledRa2 rotating disk viscometer P1.59
pectively, 1.16 da giraAllP1.53
aterms
1 398 arerpm. %2 %2
{MLSuponiendo
T } un perfil lineal de velocidad1.84 x ! x0{ln (y/y0) & ln (y/y0)} imp
la
2.69 rpm,
1.10 An si el
[27]. fluido
Yes,insulation Suppose
all terms are es SAE
that R10, ! con
25 cm m and
!
{ML/T is} examining a new material 0.1
h ! Pa1 mm.
! s, tIf
y !the 2.5
torquekPa, y
for 1.78reco
ate be & 1.18 para V V0e%mt/Kde aceite, determine el par de torsin transmi-
la!pelcula company
fu
h ! 1.2 mm.
required %1 to rotate
Respuesta: the b) disk
2 060 at N900 ! m
The experimental data is given below 1.80r/min is 0.537 N " m,
heoretical 1.20 tido. zmax ! 64.2 m at t ! 3.36 s Chapter 2 1.12 extruding {B} ! into {L cavities.
}
2.73 un
1.14 2-50 what
Q speed
La Constis the
2viscosidad
viscosity
B gtheH 1/2 3/2 of the fluid? If the uncertainty in each
de algunos plate,fluidos, llamados fluidos
frommag- 1.82
'xy b) Othe tras
, in terms *P1.54(a) A disk of ,2radius /R; (b)Rxrotates at anRangular velocity & inside 2.2 !C onfiguraciones G eomtricas
1.22 %0.372U ! %1.291 !for %289 lb/ft
parameter , ( U of
Chapter!(M, %577 R,
upper
h,lb/ft
2cambia
2
%2 is $1 percent,
Properties
which
of se
is
Fluids
separated
what is the overall
a
re
turn
T#)
AA
1.24 e !a221,000 disk-shaped J/kg container filled with oil of viscosity #, as 2.4 1.16
x ! Const fixed All
netorreolgicos
lower
e%2Cz/B
terms plate are(MR),{ML
by a%2 1-mm-thick } cuando sample aplicaof the un campo
material, mag-1.84and 0.
2-49 Flecha Flecha uncertainty %mt/K in the viscosity?
c expres- 1.26 Wairshown ! 0.71inimpulsora
Fig. P1.54. Assuming
lbf a linear velocity profile 2.6 1.18 ntico.
when V a !Esos
givenV 0 e fluidos
shear contienen
stress is applied.partculas Determinemagnetizables the type con of ta- alge
impulsora (a) 30.3 *P1.56 ft; (b)The 30.0 in; (c)
device in 10.35
Fig. m; (d)
P1.56 is 13,100
called a mmcone-plate viscometer
Solution andAneglecting multi-disk Electro-rheological the 3outer ER clutch is considered. The 1.20 ER fluidzmax has 64.2 a shear
m
de atmicras, t stress
! 3.36 that s is expressed yield Chapte
DALRmao del!
g at 1200 1.28 #wet ! 1.10 kg/m3,shear stress
1.13onkg/m disk edges, derive material. Iforden
a replacement suspendidas
material withena un lquido portador
minimum
#dry ! 2.8 ! 9.77C/km % ! 2.2 tion
as 1.30
the mea- = y W + a(du dy
formula
21
)
ft
.for A
lbf
relationship
the viscous for
torque the
on torque
the disk. transmitted by the clutch is
1.22 to
apropiado
stress be
(a)
of[27].
obtained,
250 y
%0.372U Theson
Pa angle
is 2
and
/R;
adecuados ofthe
(b)
needed, the
x ! cone
numerical
para
what%1.291 is very
usarse value
R
Problems
viscosity small,
en of sothe
embragues
will 51 thatmaterial
sinhidruli-
ada de ! - 2.10 10,500 Pa %,haveand the
, and
the gap J/kgis filled withas thethe testcurrent
liquid. The MR torque at M
1-2
1.24
need eto! 221,000 P1.60
2.12 8.0 cmcos controlables. Vase la figura P2-49. Los fluidos pueden
same behavior material a 2.4
de 3.6the torque
1.32 (a) is to76 be kN;calculated.
(b)30 501cmkN 3 mm
1.26 to rotate the lbfcone at a ms rate #altas is measured.
que los Assuming a lin- 2.6 Fig
1.34 1300 atm tenerW
shear air ! 0.71
viscosidades
stress of 450 mucho
Pa? ER y, a menudo,
ia y laAssumptions 2.14 74,450 Pa with earair; 75,420
velocity ( 4 Pa without air
rprofile
0 )p 3 in ! the1.13 fluid film, 3 derive an expression
app
1 The thickness of the oil layer between the disks is constant. 2
1.28 The
muestran #Bingham ! un 1.10
& plastic
kg/m
comportamiento , model
# for
de shear
kg/m
adelgazamiento stress al corte, en el2.8 obt
1.36 (a) B
aceite 1.38 ( ! 1380 yPa, ReL ! 28
! 1.33
omo seexpressed as N=2O + (du dy ) is valid. E5 Pa; (b) B water 2.13
Aceite
! SAEE9
52 Pa
30W
Chapter Fundamental 2.16 2
2.18 1.56
(a) 21,526
1.30cual
cm
Concepts
(Pa) W
wet
lafor
3
1-2
; (b)
fluid
viscosidad
50 !
!
137 ' kPa
21 viscosity
100 -8L
ft 150
'
Q 163
lbf
del
dry
& as 171
fluido a disminuye
function
170 of202 (M, 246
conformeR, #,349 ). 444 la2.10
%aumenta
con
FIGURA P2-47 Clearance 1.32Ufuerza
(m/s) (a)cortante
76
0 kN; (b)05010.005
0 aplicada. kNEste0.01 comportamiento
0.025 0.05 0.1 tambin 0.2 se 0.3cono-2.12
una de 1.40 A ! 0.0016 kg/(m - s), B ! 1903 K 2.20 Pipe 14 lbfend effects are neglected [27]. Suppose our capillary
ica delProperties
1.42 ./.200K The ! (Tconstants
K/200 K) in0.68
shear stress relation 2.68areThe given to be
hviscometer 2.22 =of0.1 has Pas
Problem
0.94 r1.34
0!2
cm
ceand como
2.67mmyis=and
1300 atm
seudoplstico
2.5LkPa.
used to 25 cm.yThe
! measure se puede cylinder.
thefollowing representar
flow rate con xitoviscous
Additional me-*P1.61
2.14 torq
1.44 Data 50 percent higher; Andrade fit varies apparent percent viscosity of a and
fluid. 2.70
1.36 diante
pressure
The (a)
A el B
drop modelo
viscometer
N O !
2 data are
! 117 kPa, mexact ! 5.3 E18
data below 1.33
are E5
constitutivo
isobtained
obtained.Pa;
used (b) to forde
Bmeasure
water
a !
certain
bottom 2.13
Herschel-Bulkley,
the E9
fluid:
of Pa
viscosity
the expresado
inner of a
cylinder 2.16 as
ocidad
2-48 ! 15 Reconsidere el problema 2-47. Con
)50
el h = 1.2 mm2.24 psealevel
software 1.38 comois( t! 1380 Pa,The Re deformation
K(du/dy) ! 28 m. Aqu kg
es el (shear
esfuerzo cortante apli- 2.18 cy
patients ! y "
tFind
blood. t rate rate)"shear
ecesita 1.46 VOil m/s What kind of non-Newtonian
2.26 (a) 2580 fluid
1.40 cado,
m; (b)
A
this?
es
5410
el
0.0016
m theLvalues of
esfuerzo
kg/(m ens), el B punto 1903 de
bottom
K

fluencia,
of the
K es
stationary
el ndice de
outer
1.48 F ! (.1/h1 & .2/h2)AV de EES (o cualquier otro programa de este
k and n used in Eqs.tipo), Q, 3
m /h 2.16 and)0.36 stress
2.17 t !
data is shown
0.72 the apparent below. - Plot !
1.08 0.68 1.44expression the apparent viscosity versus
1.80for the viscous torque 2.20
2.28 4400 400 in ft defining
y
investigue el efecto del espesor
3 de la pelcula de aceite en el Shell 1.42 consistencia
deformation
./.0.5 !y
rate. (T Find
m es
K/200 el thendice
K)valuedeofpotencia. k and n Para
in Eq. un
2.17, fluido
and de 2.22
1.50 . ! M(ro % ri)/(2/0ri L) viscosity of a fluid. (Assume
2.30 101,100 Pa is 200Kdegrees.) Predict gap of width a. Obtain an algebrai
1.52 par deP torsin
! 73 Wtransmitido. R Haga que el espesor R the deviscosity
la pelcula )p,and
at 90 kPa100 rpm. 1.44 Herschel-Bulkley
159 Data
from this 50 318 percent
examine con higher;
the 477 !Andrade
ty aphorism 9001274 Pa,Blood
torque ! 58
fitKvaries 1851
is)50
due Pa !flow
thicker
to sm, than
percent y m
in the 2.24
!bottom
2.32 22.6 cm R2 2-
vare desde 0.1 mm
4 hasta 10 mm. Trace la grfica de los re- 1.46 0.82,VFluid
water. 15 m/s2R1 2 una relacin para
a)!encuentre el par deRatorsin transmiti- 2.26
1.54 MP1.54 ! /.0R /h 2.34 What *p ! is *h[ +water (1 & dof /D )fluid?
% +oilNote: (1 % dOnly 2 2 Prepare
/D the )] first threeplot showing the ratio b)
sultados que obtenga y exprese sus conclusiones. Speed (rpm) 10 20 30 1.48 the
do40por viscosity
F !un 50(.embrague
1/h 60 the
1 & .70 2/h MR,
2)AV 80para N platos sujetos a latoflecha de2.28
1.56 . ! 3M sin $/(2/0R3) 2.36 points 25 give the21 3
bottom torque 1 percent or l
(N ! s/m 2
) 0.121 0.139 0.153 1.50 entrada
du/dy
0.159 proper
!cuando
.(s0.172 )M(r0.172o5 viscosity.
% sta )/(2
ri0.183 se What
10/encuentra
0r
0.185 25 is peculiar
i L) girando
50 about
100 a una thevelocidad
200 400angu-2.30
300 geometric P1.62
1.58 2-49 . La ! 0.040 viscosidad
kg/(m -de s), algunos
last 2 points fluidos cambia cuando
are turbulent flow se 2.38 (a) p1,gage ! (#m % #a)gh % (#t % #a)gH versus the other
varia
aplica.The un fuerte campo elctrico en aellos. Este fenmeno
last two 1.52 points,
lar(Pa)deP v ! which
mientrasW were
73 0.0457 que measured
0.119 0.241accurately?
la flecha de salida
0.375 0.634est 1.06 estacionaria
1.46 y b)2.32 Te
1.78modification
1.60
*P1.55 ! 0.88device ) in 0.023Fig. kg/(m
P1.54 - s)
is called rotating disk viscometerse P1.59 2.40 A 21.3 cm implications? What
conoce como Paefectothat electrorreolgico 2.69 An que 2.42 Output
insulation company solid 1.54
ispshaft
cylinder
calcule
examiningM !el of
par
/. a 0R de
new
4
diameter torsin
/h material D, length
transmitido
for L, and por density
un embrague
* s de ese 2.34 2-
. ti-
1.62 28,500
[27]. Suppose R ! 5 cm and h(ER) ! 1 mm. y losIffluidos the torque pA %due
falls B! (gravity
tocon #2 % #1inside )gh a tube of3 diameter Drecommend?
n
2.71
1.56 po, A. ! N
P1.56 3M
viscous ! 11
sin platos,
$
clutch /(2 / 0R
is para
to ) beR1made ! 50 0.from
The clear-
mm, R
a !
pair 200
of mm,
closely ! 2.36
1.64 muestran
(a) un comportamiento
%0.023
required tom; (b) &the0.069
rotate diskde mateste
900 tipor/minseisconocen
extruding
0.537 Ncomo
into cavities.
" m, 2.44 ance,
The experimental
(a) 171 D20lb/ft
2
D;rpm,(b) 392 data is
lb/ft
isdisks
D,separated
given
filled
2 below
; manometer
with fluid reads
of 2.73 friction
density
2
A* viscometer
and is built fromqu a
fluidos !ER. Input shaft
ElNviscosity
modelo of deltheplstico de uncertainty for
Bingham in the speed
para U of the upper 1.58
spaced
plate, 400
+which
. !,, 0.040
parallel y
is h kg/(m
! 1.2 -mm.s),
enclosing
from last a 2 a points
thin are
layer turbulent
of viscous flow liquid. 2.382.74 su
1.66 Fwhat 0.014
is the fluid? If the eachel loss
viscosity &. Neglect the air above and- s) below turns in a conical bearing, as sho
esfuerzo cortante, !fixed lower plate by a 1-mm-thick 1.60 2-51 .sample
Develop Se 0.88
!algebraic
va of 0.023
a) medir
the kg/(m
expressions
material,
la viscosidad for thethe de
cylinder.
torqueun fluido and the conpower un vis-a2.40P1.63 visc
806 parameter (M,elR, cualh, #)se expresa
is $1 percent, como twhat tisy $ them(du/dy)
overall Derive *P1.57
1.62 a formula For
28,500 for
the Pa the terminal
cone-plate fallof
viscometer velocity of
and
ofFig.thebearing is filled
cylin- viscosity,
P1.56, suppose
with
that
sampl 2-
when a givenPlatesshear mountedstress on
is shell
transmitted
applied. Determine by the disk
the
cosmetro construido de dos cilindrosalgebraic pair,
type in terms of liquid
concntricos de 75 cm , 2.42 mea
se usauncertainty
con amplitud in the para describir el comportamiento de los
viscosity? der. Apply your formula to the case of a steel cylinder, expression for dethe visco po
Plates mounted on input shaft material. If a replacement material 1.64
disk
largo. (a) Rwith
radius,
El !
%0.023 6R,acm
dimetro diskand
m;
minimum (b)%!
spacing,
exterior & 3.0.069
yield
del If
a, the m torque
and
cilindro the interiorrequired
angular toderotate
speeds:
es 15 cmi the
ofy la2.44 P1.64 ura
*P1.56 fluidosThe ER, debido
device in Fig. a su P1.56sencillez.
is calledUna de las
a cone-plate aplicaciones
viscometer tion of viscometer geometry (H,
stress of 250UnPa is needed, what D ! 2
1.66 cm, DF
the viscosity
input0cone
! ! 2.04
0.014at
disk cm,
600N
losand
will L
r/min !
thecilindros 15
is cm,
0.157
o of theesoutput
material with
N "a m,film what of
disk. SAE
is
cm.Alsothe viscosity
develop of 2-
mea
cidad ms promisorias
[27]. The angle de los of thefluidos
cone is ERveryes small,
el embrague
Variable ER.
so that magnetic
sin % ! field 30 oil brecha at 20C.
entre
the fluid? If
dos
the uncertainty in
deand 0.12
each
applied
parameter
Setorque
hace
(M,
girar
T.
R,
Forelthe dat
m
embrague ERthetpico constaneed to have the same behavior 806expressions
as theinterior
cilindro for the
currentamaterial slip ratio,
200 rpmaty ase mideFigure s 5 / que , in terms
i el par de torsin of and #,
es deA, the liqu
con %, and gap isdefilled discos with mltiples
the test liquid. de varios
The torque dis- M P1.60 For Prob. 1.52%)supposeis $1 that P what
percent, ! 0.1ishp the when
overall
A.2 in Appendix
6 ft/s, ,in
Vefficiency,
uncertainty
! the
i
vis-
shear stress of 450 Pa? the torque transmitted. Determine the in terms 2.75 2-
Analysis cos de to acero
(a) rotate igualmente
The velocity
the at a espaciados
cone gradient rate #anywhere de radio
is measured. theinterior
in Assuming oil ofafilm 1 ythickness Lh!
Rlin- is4.5 V/h0.8 where
N ! m. VDetermine
in,= and r is la
the7/8viscosidad
tangential del fluido.
velocity
applied torque is 0.325 N ! m. Th
radio exterior R2,profile
N deonin ellos sujetos a laderive
flecha of ft,thebslip ! 22
cosity? ratio. h! in. Estimate the vis- P1.65 cu
relative to ear
plates mounted
velocity the
theshell. Then
fluid film, the an de
wall shearentrada.
expression stress anywhere cosity on
*P1.58
the
of the surface
oil, 202 in of
kg/(m a plate mounted
s). If444 theexample on
uncertainty the
obtain input an expression for the shear
in each
the
(Pa) 50 100 150 163 171 170The 246 " 349
laminar-pipe-flow of Prob. 1.12 can be used
z.a
shaft La at abrecha
distance
for fluid h entre
rviscosity
from losthediscos
&axisas aparalelos
of rotation
function se
of llena
is R,con
(M,expressed #, un %). lquido
as parameter (P,toL,design is $1 200 rpm conical shaft as a function of Obt
viscoso. a) Encuentre una relacin para el par U (m/s) de torsin0 0 0 0.005 0.01 0.025 b,
0.05 h, V) a capillary
0.1 0.2 percent, 0.3viscometer what is[27]. the If over-
Q is the volume sion
all uncertainty flowin the 0.12
rate, cmis the pipe length, and )p is the pressure drop
viscosity?
L 2-
generado por duel embrague Vcuando la flecha r de salida est a = 0.2 mm ang
w = y + = y + = y + 2.70 *P1.61
A viscometer is used to measure An air-hockey puck
Rfrom the has
entrance a mass
viscosity to exit, of 50
of the g and is 9 Fluido
cm
a theory of Chap. 6 yields a for-in di- m
estacionaria y dr b) calcule elhpar de torsin h para un embrague
ameter.
patients blood. The deformation rate (shear rate)"shear When placed
mula for on the
viscosity: air table, a 20C air film, of 2-
Then the shear force acting on a differential area dA on the surface of a disk and thethickness,
0.12-mm torque generation associated
the puck.with The itpuck are is
stress data is shown below. Plot the apparentforms viscosity under versus en
expressed as struck with an initial velocity of 10and m/s. Assuming a lin- un
h = 1.2 mm deformation rate. Find the value of k and n in Eq. 2.17,
r ear velocity distribution
i Blood ino the airthan film,H how long will Rit
Cilindro a
pi
dF = w4:41 dA = AM y +Page 61 (2r )drCasco from this examine the aphorism is thicker
GEL 02C 2/22/06
h water. take the puck to (a) slow down to 1 m/s and (b) stop com- H = 25 mm
estacionario
z
R R2 R1
Fluid pletely? Also, (c) how far along this extremely long table b
r 21r
3
will the puck have traveled for condition (a)?
dT = rdF = r y + (2r )dr = 2 y r + du/dy 2 (s )
drP1.62 The hydrogen bubbles which
5 10 25 50 100 200 300 400
Flecha deentrada h Flecha desalida (Pa)
h 0.0457
0.119 0.241 0.375 0.634 1.06 a 1.46produced 1.78 the velocity pro-
Integrating, Placas montadas sobre Placas montadas
files in Fig. 1.13 are quite small, D ! 0.01 mm. If the hy-
P2.73
la flecha de entrada 3 sobre el 2.71 casco A viscous 4 R2
P2.71
drogen-water
clutch is to be made from FIGURA interface is
a pair of comparable
P2-51 closely 61 to P2.72
air-water and the
R2 2
rmagntico r 3spaced rparallel ywater32.72
enclosing temperature isof30C 4 liquid.
estimate the excess 2 pressure
T = 2P1.56
52
Chapter Fundamental Concepts 3 A layer concentric-cylinder viscometer
CAPTULO 2.74 is shown. Viscous
y r 2 +Campo dr = 2variable y + =
disks 2 within( R
2 torque
aRthin ) +
1 bubble. ( R 2
4viscous
R )
1by the annular gap around the inner
Design a concentric-cylinder
r = R1 h 3 4 .h 3 the istorque
4 hproduced
ER con N !FIGURA 11 paraP2-49 R1 ! 50 mm, R2 !200 mm, y n ! 2r =400
Develop algebraic
R1 el centro de ese tubo y umx esla velocidad mxima de flujo, similar to wat
expressions
de for the and the power viscosity of a liquid
P1.63 Derive Eq.
2-52I (1.37) Seofelby va making
a medir a force ,balance
la viscosidad ondethe unfluid fluido con flat un vis- of 61 p
rpm, 2.68
si For
el fluido es SAE 10, conof 0.1
transmitted by the disk
lathe pair,sein
cual terms
tiene en liquid
centro. viscosity,
Obtenga a) unaismeasurement
relacin paraby la
accuracy
This
*P1.57 is the torque transmitted
The
the cone-plate viscometer by
viscometer one !of Fig.PaP1.56,
surface
mProblem 2.67 ! 2.5
!ofs,aistysuppose
plate
used kPa,
mounted
to measure
that
disk radius, R, disk spacing,
y onthe input
interface shaft.
cylinder.
a, cosmetroin Fig.
and the angularThen
Additional
1.9c. the
construido
torque
viscous
speeds: con
transmitted
dos
torque
of cilindros by
uration bothand
produced
concntricos
the
de
dimensions 3 pies of the
h ! 1.2 fuerza de resistencia al movimiento i aplicada por el fluido en
surfaces ofRNmm.! 6 cmRespuesta:
apparent
plates and viscosity
attached % ! 3. b) of
to 2
If 060
inputthe N ! mThe
a fluid.
shaft
torque data
inrequired
the clutch below
theto input
rotate are
becomes the obtained.
disk and una
P1.64 o At of 60C
bottom
thedeoutput the of the tension
surface
largo. El
disk.
inner of
dimetro
cylinder
Also develop mercuryas
interior delandit water
rotatesis 0.47
cilindro
measured
above the flat
exteriorparametermide 6 pul-
will be used
What kind ofdenon-Newtonian fluid is this? Find the values of and bottom seccin del tubo
of de longitud
the stationary L y
outer b) el valor
cylinder. de
Obtainla fuerza de
an algebraic
2-50 La cone aty600 3r/min
viscosidad is 0.157
algunos 2.16 N " m, what
fluidos, is
llamados the viscosity
4 inexpressions
fluidos of
mag- ratio,0.0662 5 /
gadas yN/m,laifor inrespectively.
, brecha entre i What
los dos capillary
cilindros esheight
decon 0.05 R pulgadas.
aliquid annular Se
3 Eqs. 4and 2.17 for the slip resistencia sal movimiento termspara offlujo and
de agua 20C, sample. !
T = 4the N
netorreolgicos and (n(MR),
k fluid? RIfused
2
the R in ) +
uncertainty
cambia
1 (
cuando R
in2
each
seR )
parameter
aplica
1
defining
un (M,
campo R,themag-
#, apparent changes expressionwill occur the
in viscous
these two
, interior
torque
fluids due
when to
they flow are in inthe
3 4 h the torque transmitted. 0.08Determine
m, L hace
!of 15thegirar uel
m,efficiency, cilindro
! 3 m/s, inyterms m !a 0.0010 250 rpmkg/m
2.75 yAse!spherical
mide
s. theque el par bearing
thrust de i
ntico. %Esos
viscosity
) is $1 percent,
fluidos of a fluid.
what is the
contienen (Assume
overall uncertainty
partculas is

magnetizables 0.5 degrees.)
in slip
theconvis- ta- Predict gap
contacttorsin width
with airesin de a.
mx Obtain
a clean an
glass! tube algebraic expression
of diameterla0.4 for
mm? viscous
of the ratio. 1.2 lbf ft. Determine the viscosidad
spherical member del fluido.
and the hou
(b) Noting
mao del
the
thatorden
cosity? = 2denmicras,
viscosity = 2 (2400
at 90 and 100 rpm.
rev/minen
suspendidas ) =un 15,lquido
080 rad/min portador = 251 P1.65 .3 rad/s Theand torque
system due
substituting, to flow
in Fig. P1.65 is used
Respuesta: 0.000648
in the bottom clearance
to 2calculate the pressure
lb ! s/ftratio,
gap of height b.
*P1.58apropiado Theylaminar-pipe-flow
son adecuados para example usarse en embragues
of Prob. 1.12 can be hidruli-
used p1 inPrepare the tank abyplot showing
measuring thethe 15-cm height b/a,Obtainrequired
of
and plot an algebraic exp
liquid into hold the
Speed (rpm)2 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2 80 bottom2-53 En
torque las regiones
to 1 percent alejadas or de
less la sional
ofentrada,
the torque
el flujoon
annulus dethe
torque, spherical2-
un flui-
to design
cos controlables. aVase
capillary la figura
viscometer P2-49. LosIffluidos
[27]. 3Q 0MR
is (the s/m
Npueden
.1volume the 1-mm-diameter tube. The 4 umx 1 2 ( 2
)
fluid isr at 60C (see Prob.
T = tener 11 ) 2500
(4 )(viscosidades (N ! s/mN/m 2
) [( 0
0.121 .20 m)
0.139 3 0.153
( 0. 05 m
0.159 ) ] +
0.172 0.172 0.183 )(0.185 251.3 /s)
[( 0 .20do m)
por
4

un ( 0 .
tubo05 m )
circular ] = 2060
es N
unidimensional m angle .
y el perfil de veloci- do
rate, L ismucho versus the other geometric height in the tube and the
R
variables. What are the design
flow
3 the pipems length,altasand que)plos is the ERpressurey, aR menudo, 0.0012 m) 1.64).implications?
4(drop Calculate the true fluid
dad para el flujo
What
laminar
modifications se expresato thecomo designu(r) can
! u you (1 # qu
muestran from unentrance
comportamiento to exit, thedetheory adelgazamiento
of Chap. 6 al yieldscorte, en el
a for- percent error due to Rcapillarity if the fluid is (a) water and mx
cual lamula
2.69
viscosidad
An insulation company is examining a new material for
for viscosity:del fluido disminuye conforme aumenta la r2/R2), donde
recommend?
(b) mercury. r R es el radioumx del tubo, r es la distancia radial des- co
extruding into cavities. Theother
experimental data o
Discussion
fuerza cortante Canaplicada.
you think Este of comportamiento
some potential tambin seis cono-
applications given below for this kind 2.73 of fluid?
A viscometer is built from a conical pointed shaft that
ce como for the speed U of the upper plate, which is separated from a
seudoplstico y se puede representar con i xito me- H
turns in a conical bearing, R asa shown. The gap between shaft
fixed lower plate by a 1-mm-thick sample of the material, o
diante el modelo constitutivo de Herschel-Bulkley, expresado and bearing is filled with a sample of the test oil. Obtain an
como t !when ty "a K(du/dy)
given shear m. Aqu stress is applied. Determine the type of
t es el esfuerzo cortante apli- algebraic expression FIGURA P2-53 for thebviscosity of the oil as a func-
material. If a replacement material with a minimum yield tion of viscometer geometry (H, a, and ), turning speed ,
cado, ty es el esfuerzo en el punto de fluencia, K es el ndice de
stress of 250 Pa is needed, what viscosity will the material
consistencia y m es el ndice de potencia. Para un fluido 2-23 de a and applied torque T. For the data given, find by referring to
need to have the same behavior as the current
Herschel-Bulkley
PROPRIETARY con ty ! 900
MATERIAL . 2006 Pa, KThe ! 58 Pa ! sm, ymaterial
McGraw-Hill m ! at a Inc. Figure
Companies, Limited A.2 distribution
in Appendix permitted A, the onlytypeto of oil for which the
shear stress of 450 Pa?para el par de P2.71 2-54 Repita el problema 2-53 para umx ! 5 m/s. Respuesta:
teachers0.82,and a) encuentre
educatorsuna for relacin
course preparation. Iftorsin you aretransmiti-a student using this Manual,applied P2.72 you areisusing
torque 0.325itNwithout ! m. Thepermission. oil is at 20# C.OilHint: First
film (viscosity, )
b) 0.942 N
do por un embrague MR, para N platos sujetos 2.72 a laAflecha de
concentric-cylinder obtain
viscometer an expression is shown. for Viscous
the shear stress on the surface of the
(Pa) 50 100 150 163 171 170 202 246 349 444 P2.75
 h1 = 1 mm V = 1 m/s 2-49 La viscosidad de yalgunos ufluidos cambia cuando se
F the inn
aplica 1.42
un fuerte 16.0 kN!m
campo 3
; 1.63 #
elctrico en 10 3
kg!m
ellos. Este
__
3
u ;fenmeno1.63
y y2 se 2.2
Assum
= 2 __ __2
h2 = 2.6 mm
Vw = 0.3 m/s conoce 1.44
como efecto
4.76 kgelectrorreolgico (ER) y
U los hfluidos
h que 2.6
1.86
muestran
1.46un comportamiento
1a2 0.0214 kg!mde 3 este tipo se conocen como
; 1b2 rMars!rearth $ 1.75% 2.8
strume
50 Chapter 1 Introduction fluidos ER. El modelo del plstico
3 de Bingham para el
Pared en movimiento COMPILADO DE P1.48 ROBLEMAS
6.44 # D 10E Vslugs!ft
!3
ISCOSIDAD
; 0.622- lb3 2.10
0.010 l
esfuerzo cortante, el cual se expresa como t ! ty $ m(du/dy) the sta
1.50
Figure 98.7P1.81
psia
FIGURA P2-45 se usa con amplitud para describir el comportamiento de los when i
Liquid film of 1.52
1.82 668 lb
sured torqueglycerin
is 0.293flows
N $ m, whatanisinclined,the fluidwide
viscosity? 2.12
fluidos ER, debido layer
A thin a su ofsencillez. Una down
de las aplicaciones plate
thickness h with the0.6
1.56
ms promisorias
Suppose
velocity
N " that2; the
distribution
s!m
de determine
los fluidos 1.3 uncertainties
#
ER 10 !2 in of
shown lb Fig.
es elvelocity,"
embrague
theP1.82.
s!ft experiment
2
ER. that
are0.3
For h ! as fol-
in.
Un for equi-
2.18
2-46 Un cuerpo en forma de cono cortado gira a velocidad and a ! 20",
lows: L (%0.5 2the
mm), surface
M (%0.003 N U.
$ Note
m), & (%1 percent), 2.20
1.58ER 0.727
embrague N "discos
s!m mltiples consta de varios dis-
angular constante de 200 rad/s en un recipiente lleno con librium,tpico
the de
andcomponent
ri or ro (%0.02 of
!2weight
mm).acting
What parallel to the plateinsur-
is the uncertainty the
W cos de1.60
acero 23.7,
face mustmeasured2.55
igualmente
be balanced 10
#espaciados
by the de radio
shearing forceinterior R1 yalong the
developed
2.24
viscosity?
1.62
radio exterior
plate R2, N In
0.277 de" ellos
N s!m 2
sujetosassume
a la flecha de entrada. 2.26
P1.52surface.
The beltyour in analysis
Fig. P1.522 movesaatunit plate
a steady width.
velocity V and
V Block contact
La brecha
1.64 h entre
2.05 los
# discos
10 !5 paralelos
N " s!m se llena con un
skims the top of a tank of oil of viscosity #, as shown. As-
lquido 2.28
area A viscoso.
1.66a) Encuentre
No; 1b2auna
1a2suming Notrelacin
correct para el par de torsin 2.32

Caja linear velocity profile in the oil, develop a sim-
generado por el embrague cuando la flecha de salida est 2.34
1.68 184 ple formula for the required belt-drive power P as a func-
estacionaria y b) calcule el par!6de U torsin para 1!2 un embrague 2.36
1.70 C tion $ 1.43
of (h,#L,10 V, b, kg!1m
#). What " K 2; Spower
" sbelt-drive $ 107 K watts,
P, in
P1.45 Aceite SAE 10W is required if the u moves at
belt 2 y2.5 m/s over SAE 3
30W oil 2.38
D = 12 cm 1.72 D $ 1.767 # 10 N " s!m ; B $ 1.870 # 10 K;
!6
at 20C,
5.76 #__u 10 with
!4y Ly2" 2 m, 2 b " 60 cm, and h " 3 cm? 2.40
= 2 __ N __"hs!m
= 1.2 mm
whose properties
z are ! " 0.003 m2/s and SG " 0.88. Es- U h 2h2 2.42
L = 12 cm
timate the force required to pull the shaft at a steady ve-
1.74 0.300h N " s!m
Casco
1.76 non-Newtonian L R2 R1 2.44
locitydof
= 40.4
cmm/s.
r
P1.48 A thin plate is separated from two fixed plates by very vis- 1.78 286 N V 2.46
cous liquids #1 and #2, respectively, as in Fig. P1.48. The 1.80 0.0883 m!s
Flecha de entrada
Moving belt, width b
Flecha de salida
2.48
0.001 in
plate spacings h1 and h2 are unequal, as shown. The con- 1.82
Figure 0.268 ft!s
P1.82 h 2.50
Oil, depth
Placas montadas sobre Placas montadas
tact area is A between the center plate and each fluid. 1.84 3.43 de 10!4 lb
# entrada 2.54
(a) Assuming a linear velocity distribution in each fluid, *1.83 la flecha Standard sobre el casco
!4 air flows past a flat surface, and velocity 2.56
1.86
Ecuaciones 9.53
measurements # 10
Campo
P1.52 near ft "
d2iferenciales lb
themagntico (Variables
variable
surface indicate the following distribution: )
s2eparables
por un derive the force F required to pull the plate at velocity V. 1.88 1a2 12.7 ft !rev; 1b2 4.73 # 10 !3
lb " s!ft 2.58
aceite SAE 10W a 20C (m ! 0.1 Pa ! s), como se muestra en
(b) Is there a necessary relation between the two viscosi- y 1ft2FIGURA 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
como la figura FIGURA P2-46
P2-46. Si, especialmente en los lados, el espesor de la 1.94 2.03 # 10 psi P2-49 3 2.60
1.87 T
xima ties, #1 and #2? *P1.53
u 1ft#s2 A solid 0.74 cone of angle 23.03
1.51 ', base r6.37
0, and density
10.21 (c is14.43
rotat- rotating
pelcula de aceite es de 1.2 mm, determine la potencia necesaria 1.96 4.14 # 10 psi 3
Problems 51 2.62
stancia The coordinate ing with y isinitial
measured angular velocity
normal to the)0 inside
surfacea and conical
u is seat,
the this dev
para mantener este movimiento. Determine tambin la reduc-
ujo en velocity as shown
parallel to intheFig. P1.53.(a)
surface. The clearance
Assume the is filleddistribu-
hvelocity with oil with an
cin en el consumo de potencia necesario cuando la temperatu-
rza de tion is ofof theviscosity
form #. Neglecting (rair 4 drag, derive an analytical ex- measur
ENGELra 02C del aceite se eleva4:41 hasta 80C (m ! 60 0.0078 Pa ! s). )p
2/22/06 h1 AM Page
en la Nota: El fluido cubre las reas superior, inferior y lateral 1 pression for the cones '0' velocity )(t) if there is no (a) Dev
& ! angular
2-47 El sistema de embrague que se muestra enla dfigura el cono
P2- applied torque. u ! C1y & C2 y
8LQ 3 effects
truncado. E l e spesor d e l a p elcula
47 se usa para transmitir par de torsin mediante una pelcula Clearance d e a ceite e s m ismo e n c ada u na d e F, V (b) The
las reas anteriores. and use aPipe standardend effects
curve-fitting are neglectedtechnique [27].toSuppose determine our the
capillary
con- rotating
de aceite con m ! 0.38 N ! s/m2 que est entre dos discos idn- h has r ! 2 mm and L !
stants C1 and C0 2. (b) Make use of the results of part 1a2 to determine25 cm. The following flow rate

ticos de70 30
W ; cm
P2 =de dimetro. h2 Cuando la2 flecha impulsora gira the magnitude and pressure of the shearing drop datastress are obtained
at the for 1y a! certain at Torque
fluid:
R: P1 = 2 249W
Base (t)wall 02 and
a una velocidad de 1Oil450 rpm, se observa que la flecha impulsa-
da gira a 1 398 rpm. 60
Suponiendo un perfil lineal de velocidad
y ! 0.05 ft.
Chapter radius 2 Properties r0 of Fluids Angula
PROPIEDADES DE LOS FLUIDOS Q, m3/h
1.84 0.36computer 0.72 1.08 to 1.44
have a Oildisc,1.80
2-44 Problemas d e P erfiles
para la pelcula de aceite, determine el par de torsin transmi- d e V elocidad A new drive is proposed as veloci
Solution2-44 The velocity profile of a fluid flowing though a circular pipe is given. shown
The in friction Fig. P1.84.
drag The
force disc is
exerted to rotate
on theat 10,000 rpm, and the
1274 en 1851 For thi
tido. Considere el P1.48 flujo de un fluido R con viscosidad m Rpor un aceite SAE kPa a 20C
)p, 10W
reader head is to be(mpositioned
159 ! 0.1318 Pa0.0005
! s), como 477 se muestra
in. above the surface of the Make u
pipe by the tubofluid in the El
circular. flow perfil direction de velocidadper unitenlength el tubo ofse theexpresa
pipe iscomo to be determined. la figuradisc. P2-46. Si, especialmente en los lados, el espesor dea la
Estimate the shearing force on the reader head as result of
u(r) !The umxviscosity(1 " rFlecha P1.54
n/R n en donde u
mx es la velocidad mxima pelcula de aceiteWhat es deisthe thediscviscosity of the fluid? Note: Only the first three termine
Assumptions P1.49 The of),the shaft fluid 1.47 is now fixed axially and rotated in- the air between
is constant.
in Prob. Flecha 1.2 mm, anddetermine
the head. la potencia necesaria
de flujo, la cualimpulsora se tiene en la lnea impulsoracentral; r es la distancia para mantener este points give the proper
movimiento. viscosity.tambin
Determine What is peculiar la reduc- about the
side the is sleeve 2
Analysis radial The desde wall shear
la lnea stress
central u(r) ates 1500
y determined from
la velocidad r/min.itsEstimate
de flujo(a)
definition entothe be torquecin en el consumo last de twopotencia
points, which necesario werecuando measured accurately?
la temperatu-
cualquier posicin *P1.55 r. (NDesarrolle
The m) andin(b)
$ device Fig.
unatheP1.54poweris(kW)
relacin called
para required
a la
rotating
fuerza to disk
rotate the shaft. P1.59 A solid cylinder of diameter D, length L, and
de viscometer h density *s
ada de ra del aceite se eleva hasta 80C (m ! 0.0078 Pa ! s).
du P1.50 [27].
An d Suppose
amazing
r n that
number R of 5 cm andhnr
! commercial and
! n11laboratory
mm. If the n torque
devices
u falls due to gravity inside a Stationary
tube of reader
diameter head
arrastre ejercida sobre 30 cm la pared del tubo por el fluido en la D 0. The clear-
de 3.6 w = = u max required
haveunidad been1 todeveloped
rotate 3 mm the= todisk uat
measure 900 ther/min viscosity is 0.537=
of fluids, N
max
2-47 as El sistemaance,
" m, de embrague queD,seis muestra en fluid
la figura
0.2-in.dia.
P2- * and
direccindr r = R del flujo, por de
n longitud
dristheinviscosity
RRef. r27. del max
tubo. n
RProb. D + D ,, filled with of density
fluid? IfRthe
0
ia y la in47 se usa para transmitir viscosity &par
rpmde = utorsin airmediante anduna pelcula
what
described = R ofThe theconcentric uncertainty
rotating r = Rshaft of each 10,000u(r) (1-r n n
/Rabove
)
Aceite SAE 30W . Neglect maxthe below the cylinder. 0.0005 i
mo se
Note that the quantity du /drparameter 1.49
is negative is an (M,exampleinR,pipe h, of a isrotational
#)flow, $1and percent,
the what is the
negative
viscometer. Let
sign de
overallaceite
the in- con m ! 0.38 N ! s/m 2 que est entre dos discos idn-
Derive a formula for the terminal fall velocity of the cylin-
aceite
is added to the w relation uncertainty
ner and
for pipes uouter
(r)toinumake
= the
mx (viscosity?
cylinders1 shear have
r n /R i the opositiveticos de 30 cm der.
n ) radii r and r , respectively,
stress in de dimetro.
! Cuando! la to!flecha impulsora giracylinder,
una de FIGURA P2-47 = 1 Apply
P1.53
Datos: Ide ! your formula
rpm, ; !"#" = que the case
of impulsa- a steel
*P1.56 The
with
(flow) direction a positive quantity. (Or, du /dr = - du /dy since y = R r). device
total in
sleeve Fig. P1.56
length is
L. called
Let a
the cone-plate
rotational viscometer
rate abeuna& velocidad !" 450 2se
D ! 2 cm, D0 ! 2.04 Rcm, L !Rotating
in. observa
! la
!"#" flecha
15 cm, with a film of SAE
ca del
Then the friction drag force [27]. (rad/s)
exerted The and
byangle
the
theappliedof theRon
fluid cone
torque the is inner
very
be M.small, Derive
surface so athat sin
oftheoretical
the ! a 1 398 30
da% gira rpm. oil Suponiendo
at 20C. un perfilr lineal dedisc velocidad
ocidad , and
relation the
for gap
the is filled
viscosity with
of r the the test
clearance liquid. The
fluid, torque
, in para
termsM la pelcula
*P1.54 de aceite, determine el par de torsin transmi-
pipe becomes 2-48 %
Reconsidere el problema 2-47. Con el software # P1.60 For Prob. 1.52 suppose that P ! 0.1 hp velocity
A disk of radius R rotates at an angular when V! & 6inside
ft/s,
ecesita to
of rotate
these the cone
parameters. at u a rate 0 # is measured. Assuming tido.
a lin- a disk-shaped container 5 0
filled with oil of viscosity , as
denEES u max (o cualquier otro programa
mx de este tipo), L ! 4.5 ft, b
! 22 in, and
uAssuming
h ! 7/8 in.
2 a linear velocity profile
Estimate the#vis-
F = w Aw el=P1.51 R )theory
( 2velocity 2nof
L =profile upelcula Lfluid
investigue efecto R for
ear
Use
del
sionfluid
the
espesor
if you
de
viscosity
like)
quefor
la
&
inmax
Prob.
el as
the1.50
a function
a shaft
(orfilm,
de derive
aceite
8decmlaof
derive
en an el
(M, rotating
long,
anhoc
ad expressionexpres-
R, #, % ).at 1200 R: parameter
shown of
cosity
and neglecting
in the
Fig.oil, P1.54.
= ! shear stress on the outer
in kg/(mmax
" s). If

V) is $1 percent,disk
the uncertainty
whatedges,
in each
is thederive
Therefore,
par de torsin transmitido.
the drag force per unit
Haga
length of the
espesor
pipe is
pelcula
Figure Flecha P1.84 (P, L, b, h,Flecha over-
vare desde 0.1 FIGURA r/min, P2-44
with r "
mm hasta 10 mm. Trace la grfica de los re-
i 2.00 cm and r o " 2.05 cm. If the mea- a formula
impulsora
all uncertainty for the
in viscous
impulsora
the torque
viscosity? on the disk.
sultados
F / L =que 2nobtenga u max .y exprese sus conclusiones. *P1.61 An air-hockey puck has a mass of 50 g and is 9 cm in di-
R: 2-45 Se jala horizontalmente de una
algunos fluidos cambia cuando se placa plana delgada de ameter. When placed on the air table, a 20C air film, of
2-49 La viscosidad de 30 cm 3 mm
20 cmNote # 20that cmthe a 1drag m/s force a travs de una capa de in aceite de 3.6is independent of the pipe 0.12-mm thickness, forms under the puck. The puck is
mm
Discussion aplica un fuerte campo elctrico en ellos. Este fenmeno
de espesor, que est entre dos placas, una estacionaria y la
acting on the pipe this case
se diameter.
conoce como efecto electrorreolgico (ER) y los fluidos que struck with an initial velocity of 10 m/s. Assuming a lin-
otra movindose a una velocidad constante de 0.3 m/s, como se ear velocity distribution Aceitein the SAEair 30W film, how long will it
muestran un comportamiento de este tipo se conocen como
muestra en la figura P2-45. La viscosidad dinmica del aceite take the puck to (a) slow down to 1 m/s and (b) stop com-
fluidos ER. El modelo del plstico de Bingham paraR el FIGURA P2-47
es de 0.027 Pa ! s.Fluid Suponiendo que la velocidad en cada una de pletely? Also, (c) how far along this extremely long table
esfuerzo cortante, el cual se expresa como t ! t $ m(du/dy)
las capas de aceite vara en forma lineal, a) tracey la grfica del will the puck have traveled for condition (a)?
se usa con amplitud para describir el comportamiento de los
perfil de velocidad y encuentre el lugar en donde la velocidad P1.62 The hydrogen bubbles which produced the velocity pro-
fluidos ER, debido a su sencillez. Una de las aplicaciones 2-48 Reconsidere el problema 2-47. Con el software
del aceite es cero y b) determine la fuerza que se necesita filesb)(o incualquier
Fig. 1.13 are small, Dde!este
idad ms promisorias de los fluidos ER es el embrague ER. Un R: a) de 121s EES c)472m otroquiteprograma 0.01tipo),
mm. If the hy-
aplicar sobre la placa para mantener este movimiento. drogen-water interface is comparable to air-water and the
con embrague ER tpico de discos mltiples consta de varios dis- investigue el efecto del espesor de la pelcula de aceite en el
P1.56 espaciados de radio interior R y water temperature is 30C estimate the excess pressure
cos de acero igualmente 1 par de torsin transmitido. Haga que el espesor de la pelcula
within the bubble.
radio exterior R2, N de ellos Pared sujetos
fija a la flecha de entrada. vare desde 0.1 mm hasta 10 mm. Trace la grfica de los re-
La brecha h entre los discos paralelos se llena con un lquido sultados P1.63 que obtenga Derive Eq. (1.37) by making a force balance on the fluid
y exprese sus conclusiones.