Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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2.1 ( )
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To ,
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Hans Hahn ( ), Philipp Frank ( )
Otto Neurath ( ).
Moritz Schlick (
) 1922,
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,
1906
Ludwig Boltzmann ( ). O Boltzmann
Ernst Mach ( ).
Schlick
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Carnap ( ), Gustav Bergmann ( ), Herbert Feigl
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Language, Truth and Logic (,
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Two Dogmas of Empiricism (
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1929 Wissenschaftliche Weltauffassung: Der Wiener Kreis
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Albert Einstein (
), Bertrand Russell ( ) Ludwig Wittgenstein (
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. , Popper Logik der Forschung (H
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Schlick Frank1.
, , 1962, Thomas S.
Kuhn The Structure of Scientific Revolutions ( )
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International Encyclopedia of Unified Science
Rudolf Carnap.
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Popper 1959 The Logic of Scientific Discovery (
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2.2 Popper
Popper
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Karl Popper , ,
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2.2.1 -:
2.2.2
2.2.3
Sir Karl Popper 1902. , , ,
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Cantebury University College
London School of Economics .
. The Open Society and Its
Enemies ( ) The Poverty of Historicism (H
)
Logik der Forschung (
) 1934
. 1959 (The Logic of Scientific Discovery)
. ,
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Rudolf Carnap
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2.2.1 -:
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, . (1998), , :
.
Brown, Harold, I. (1977), Perception, Theory and Commitment, Chicago: The University of
Chicago Press. E: A, , :
, 1993
.
Carnap, Rudolf. , :
R. Carnap Philosophy and Logical Syntax .
Chalmers, A,F. (1978), What is this Thing Called Science?, Milton Keynes: The Open
University Press (2nd ed.). : , :
, 1996
, , .
Feigl, Herbert and Brondbeck, May (eds.). (1953), Readings in the Philosophy of Science,
New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts
.
Hanfling, Oswald (ed.). (1981), Essential Readings in Logical Positivism, Oxford: Basil
Blackwell
.
Schilpp, P.A.(ed.) (1963), The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap, La Salle, Ill.: Open Court
R.
Carnap.
Schilpp, P.A. (ed), (1974), The Philosophy of Karl Popper, in The Library of Living
Philosophers, La Salle: Open Court
K.
Popper.
A Posteriori: .
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1920.
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4.2 O Thomas Kuhn
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4.2.2
4.2.3 , ,
4.2.4
4.2.5
4.2.6 -
Thomas Kuhn ( ) ,
1962,
, , ,
.
. N.R. Hanson ()
(1958), M. Polanyi () (1958), S. Toulmin () (1961)
Explanation, Reduction and Empiricism (, ) Paul
Feyerabend () (1962), ,
Karl Popper ()
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Principia ,
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25 (Kuhn 1970, . 181).
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5
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(, 1997).
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Postscript (1970)
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.
Toulmin, S. (1961), Foresight and Understanding, New York: Harper and Row
Gutting, G. (ed.) (1980), Paradigms and Revolutions. Applications and Appraisals of Thomas
Kuhns Philosophy of Science, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press
T.S. Kuhn.
Hacking, I. (ed.) (1981), Scientific Revolutions, Oxford: Oxford University Press
.
Horwich, P. (ed.) (1993), World Changes. Thomas Kuhn and the Nature of Science, Boston:
MIT Press
T.S. Kuhn .
Hoyningen-Huene, P. (1993), Reconstructing Scientific Revolutions. Thomas Kuhns
Philosophy of Science, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press
T.S. Kuhn.
, . (1993), Kuhn Wittgenstein, :
T.S. Kuhn L. Wittgenstein.
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