Auxiliary Verb merupakan kata kerja yang muncul sebelum main verb (k.k utama).

Disebut juga
sebagai kata kerja bantu.

Terbagi menjadi dua : primary : be (am, is, are, was, were, be, eing, been), do (do, does, did), have
(have, has, had) dan modal auxiliary verb (can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, ought to)

Kata kerja utama dapat dilengkapi sampai tiga auxiliary verb di mana terdiri dari modal dan satu atau
dua primary auxiliary verb.

Contoh : The children should have slept (modal: should, primary: have, present perfect tense).

I wiil have been sleeping. Modal: will, primary:have, been. Future perfect continuous tense.

The book has been read. Primary : has, been, present perfect tense.

Present participle satu dari lima verb form yang dimiliki oleh verb.

Kata dengan akhiran ing pada base form verb (kata kerja dasar)

Contoh; run-running

Base verb present tense past tense present participle past participle

Sing sing (s) sang singing sung

Fungsi- sebagai verb, komponen multiple verb bersama auxiliary verb (auxiliary verb+present
participle) untuk membentuk progressive/continuous dan perfect continous tense. resent
participle juga digunakan pada passive voice dari continuous tense,
baik present maupun past.

Present continuous tense (Secara umum: aksi yang sedang berlangsung sekarang atau
rencana masa depan)

Present continuous umumnya menggunakan action verb atau disebut juga dinamic verb,
kata kerja yang menyatakan aksi seperti activity, process, and momentary action.

Suatu kejadian yang terjadi pada saat pembicaraan, kejadian belum diselesaikan (the action is
not finished).

Ex: I am driving, he is working.

I am doing something = Im in the middle of doing something, ive started doing it and i havent
finished yet. Kejadian sering terjadi ketika pembicaraan berlangsung.

Ex: Please dont make so much noise. Im working.

But the action is not necessarily happenign at the time of speaking.

Ex: Tom and Ann are talking in a cafe. Tom says:

Im reading an interesting book at the mometn. Ill lend it to you when Ive finisihed it. (Tom is not
reading the book at the time of speaking. He means that he has started it but not finished it yet.
He is in the middle of reading it.

We use Present Continuous when we talk about things happening in a periof arounf now (today,
this week, this evening. Kejadian terjadi dalam periode waktu yang dekat.

Ex: Is susan working this week? No, she is on holiday.

We use Present Continuous when we talk about changes happening around now. Perubahan
yang terjadi pada periode waktu yang dekat.

Ex: the population of the world is rising very fast. (perubahan populasi)

Is your english getting better?

untuk membicarakan suatu rencana atau perpindahan ke suatu tempat/kondisi.

Im spending my holiday on Kuta beach next month.

(Saya sedang menghabiskan liburan di pantai Kuta akhir bulan depan.)

You cant call me this night. Im going to my best friends wedding.

(Kamu tidak dapat menghubungi saya malam ini. Saya akan pergi ke pernikahan sahabat saya.)

untuk mengungkapkan kejengkelan atas aksi yang terjadi berulang kali.

Why is the wild dog always barking at me?

(Mengapa anjing liar itu selalu menggonggong pada saya?)

Im getting sick of you always asking the same questions.

(Saya mulai muak dengan kamu yang selalu menanyakan pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang sama.)

Present simple (I do)

We use the present simple tense to talk about things in general (for example, i learn english,
you learn english all the time, from the past till now). We are not thingking only about now. We
use it to say that something happens all the time or repeatedly, or that something is true in
general. Its not important whether the action is happening at the time of speaking

Ex: nurses look after patients in hospitas

I usually go away at weekends

The earth goes rounf the sun.

He, she, it, kata kerja ditambah s/es.

Gunakan do/does untuk kalimat pertanyaan atau kalimat negatif.

Ex: do we work?

I dont work.

do sebagai k.k utama

What do you do? He doesnt do anything

We use the present simple when we say how often we do things

I get up at 8 oclock every morning

Ann doesnt dringk tea very often

In summer John usually plays tennis once or twice a week.

We use present simple (promise/suggest) in sentences like this:

I promise I wont be late

What do you suggest I do?

The same way: I apologize, I advise, I insist, I agree, I refuse.

Present continuous vs present simple

(I am doing vs I do)

1. Use the continuous (digunakan secara terus menerus) for something that is happening at
or around the time of speaking. The action is not finished.
2. For temporary situation.
3. Use the things in general or things that happen repeatedly.
4. Permanent situation
Present continuous terjadi pada saat berbicara atau waktu yang dekat pada saat pembicaraan
berlangsung. Aksi suatu saat akan berhenti (temporary situation). Present simple, terjadi secara
terus menerus dalam waktu yang lama (permanent situation). Aksi berlangsung terus menerus,
tidak tahu kapan berhenti, karena secara umum, aksi selalu dilakukan.

The words I always do has different meaning with I am always doing

For example: Ive lost my key again. Im always losing things.

Im always losing things doesnt mean that I lose things every time. It mean that I lose things too
often, more often than normal. More often than the speaker thinks is normal or reasonable.

Hes always complaining. Youre always watching television.