Ch dn khi vo khng gian kn trn tu du

Trn tu bin, cc thuyn vin thng xuyn phi lm vic trong cc khu vc kn (kt, hm). i vo mt khng
gian kn th phi c nhng th nghim c tin hnh xc nh khng gian kn c an ton i vo hay khng.
Mi nguy him v h hp t mt s ngun c th c trong khng gian kn nh hi hydrocacbon, thiu oxy, cc cht
c nh benzen, sunphuahydro c th cn li trong khng gian do cn b ca cc hng ho khc nhau.
c nhiu ri ro dn n cht ngi trong khng gian kn ca tu du do i vo khng gian kn m khng c s
gim st hoc khng tun th quy trnh thng nht.
Trong hu ht cc trng hp ny, ci cht c th trnh c nu tun theo nhng ch dn n gin di y. Vic
nhanh chng cu ngi gc ng trong khng gian kn l vic c bit nguy him. Phn ng t nhin ca con ngi
l h tr ng nghip trong lc gp kh khn, nhng c thm qu nhiu t vong l khng cn thit xy ra trong
nhng c gng cu ngi bt pht v s chun b khng tt.

1. Khi qut v khng gian kn:

Khng gian kn l mt khng gian c li vo cht hp khng c thng gi thng xuyn v bu khng kh trong
c th nguy him v s c mt ca kh hydrocacbon, cc loi kh c, kh tr hoc thiu oxy. Khng gian kn ni
y l cc kt hng, kt ballast, kt nhin liu, kt nc, kt du nhn, kt cha cn du v du thi, kt cha nc
v sinh, kt cch ly, sng y tu, cc khng gian v khoang rng, cc ng hoc cc ph kin ni vi mt trong cc
khng gian trn, ngoi ra cn bao gm c bu lc v b lm kn bng nc ca h thng kh tr v cc hng mc
khc ca my v thit b khng c thng gi v i vo thng xuyn nh ni hi v cac-te my chnh.

Mt s khng gian hn ch trn tu du

2. Th nghim bu khng kh trc khi i vo khng gian kn:

Ch c quyt nh i vo khng gian kn sau khi th nghim bu khng kh trong kt mt cch tng th t ngoi
vo trong vi cc thit b th mi (my o kh) c kim nh v hot ng chnh xc.
iu quan trng i vi thit b dng th bu khng kh l:
Ph hp i vi yu cu ca th nghim
L kiu c chp nhn
c bo dng ng
c thng xuyn kim tra i chiu vi mu tiu chun
Phi thn trng duy tr mt ct i din ca mt khoang bng vic ly mu cc su khc nhau v qua cng
nhiu l o trn mt boong cng tt. Khi tin hnh th mc boong chnh, vic thng gi phi ngng li v t nht
sau 10 pht mi c tin hnh o.
Vic th nghim phi c tin hnh ngay trc khi bt u cng vic hoc sau khi cng vic b gin on hoc b
ngng. Phi ly mu m bo rng cc kt qu o c l i din cho trng thi ca c khng gian kn i
vo.

3. iu kin i vo khng gian kn:

Giy cho php vo khng gian kn phi c S quan chu trch nhim pht hnh trc khi cho ngi vo khng
gian kn.
Nhng ch thch hp phi c ch ra r rng hng dn cho mi ngi nhng bin php phng nga phi
tin hnh khi vo khng gian kn v tt c nhng hn ch c t ra i vi cng vic lm trong khng gian kn .
Vic cho php i vo khng gian kn s b mt hiu lc khi vic thng gi cho khng gian kn b ngng hoc nu
c bt c iu kin no nu trong danh mc kim tra b thay i khc i.

Giy php vo trong khng gian hn ch trn tu du

4. Quy trnh i vo khng gian kn:

Khng ai c vo khng gian kn tr khi giy php vo khng gian kn c pht hnh bi s quan c trch nhim.
Trc khi pht hnh giy php vo khng gian kn, s quan chu trch nhim phi m bo rng:
tin hnh nhng kim tra thch hp i vi bu khng kh: hm lng th tch oxy l 21%, nng
hydrocacbon khng qu 1% gii hn chy di LFL (Lower flammable limit) v khng c kh c hoc cc
cht bn khc.
Vic thng gi c hiu qu phi c duy tr lin tc trong khi ang lm vic.
Mt dy cu nn v cc dy ai phi sn sng s dng ngay v ca vo khng gian kn.
 Thit b th vi p sut dng c chp nhn v thit b hi sc cp cu phi sn sng s dng
ngay v c t ca vo khng gian kn.
Nu c, phi chun b sn mt li vo na s dng thay th trong trng hp khn cp.
Mt thuyn vin c trch nhim phi tc trc ti ca vo khng gian kn v lin lc trc tip vi s quan c
trch nhim. Nhng ng dy lin lc gii quyt cc tnh hung khn cp phi c thit lp r rng v
mi ngi lin quan phi hiu r.

5. Thit b bo v h hp:
Thit b th c sn bnh kh nn: Thit b ny gm mt hoc nhiu bnh kh nn c gn vo mt khung
v mt dy eo cho ngi s dng. Khng kh cung cp cho ngi s dng thng qua mt mt n c th
iu chnh v m bo kn kh. Mt ng h ch bo p sut kh trong bnh v mt ci bo ng khi ngun
cp kh xung thp.
Thit b th c ng dn khng kh: Thit b th c ng dn khng kh cho php thi gian s dng khng
kh nn di hn so vi thit b c sn bnh kh nn. Thit b ny gm mt mt n c cung cp khng kh
qua mt ng dn c ng knh nh, ng ny c dn ra ngoi khng gian kn v c ni vi bnh kh
nn hoc mt my nn kh. Nu s dng ngun kh nn ca tu th iu quan trng l kh nn phi c lc
mt cch thch hp v phI theo di cht ch i vi cc thnh phn c hi, nguy him.
Mt n c hp lc kh: Mt n ny gm mt hp nh ni vi mt n, hp ny c thit k lc khng
kh ca cht c c th. Nhng thit b kiu ny khng bo v c ngi s dng chng li hi
hydrocacbon hoc hi c khi c nng vt qu mc thit k, hoc khi thiu oxy, v khng c s
dng thay cho thit b th.
Mt n c ng kh (thit b th vi khng kh sch): Thit b ny gm mt mt n c cung cp khng kh
bng mt ng ng c ng knh ln ni vi mt bm cnh qut hoc mt qut gi. Thit b ny cng
knh v khng c giong chng li s thm nhp ca kh gas. Mc d ta c th thy thit b ny trn mt s
tu nhng c khuyn ngh rng KHNG dng n cho vic vo khng gian kn.

6. Cnh bo khi vo cc khu vc kn/hoc na kn:

Khng c vo mt kt hoc mt hm c ng kn trong mt thi gian, thm ch k c khi n
khng cha cc cht c hi. u tin thng gi v c bin php kim tra o c khng c kh ga hoc kh
c v ng thi phi c lng xy cn thit.
Trong qu trnh thc hin cng vic phi thng xuyn kim tra o c. (Tham kho dng my pht hin
kh cho tu bin)
Khng gian trong kt v khu vc kn phi c xem nh c hi cho n khi thit b o cho bit n hon
ton an ton i vo. Cc khu vc khng phi loi ny ch c vo khi c lnh ca s quan chu trch
nhim. Nu khng chc chn rng khng gian khng c hi th phi s dng thit b bo v.
Phi thu xp hai ngi tr gip ngoi kt hoc hm cu tr v cu nn. Phi tho thun tn hiu lin
lc vi nhau trc.
S dng bo h lao ng c chp thun, dy an ton v dy tn hiu.
Bo m rng s quan trc ca c thng bo v gi lin lc vi anh ta trong c qu trnh lm vic.
pho khi bn cnh sn sng s dng.
Nu s c xy ra mt trong nhng ngi tr gip phi nhanh chng n ci bo ng cn ngi kia t
pho khi v bt u hnh ng cu h. Nhim v khn cp l phi cp khng kh cho ngi b nn v a
anh ta khu vc thong gi.
Tai nn trong kt v trong hm c mi trng c hi, v vy yu cu nhanh chng t chc cu h c
t ln hng u.

7. Lm vic trong khng gian kn:

Trc khi tin hnh cng vic, phi kim tra m bo khng c cu cn, cn bn hoc cc vt liu
chy xung quanh, nhng cht ny nu b khuy trn hoc b gia nhit c th bc ra kh c hoc kh d
chy. Vic thng gi hiu qu phI c duy tr, v nu c, th cha thng trc tip vo khu vc lm vic.
Bt c khi no tho m bm hng, ng, van hoc cc gin sy, th trc ht phi thng bng nc. Tuy
nhin ngay c khi thng bng nc th vn c th cn st mt t hng v sau c th sinh ra kh d
chy hoc kh c. V vy phi tin hnh thm cng vic th kh gas khi tho m cc thit b dng ny.
Phi ng dng c lm vic trong mt ti bt v th xung trnh dng c b ri gy nn tia la in.
Cc n khng c chp nhn hoc cc thit b in khng an ton th khng c a vo khng gian
kn
Phi tin hnh th kh gas v duy tr thng gi lin tc trong sut thi gian lm cng vic dn b cu bn
ra khi khng gian kn. Cn phi trang b thit b pht hin kh gas c nhn cho nhng ngi tham gia
cng vic ny.
Khi tin hnh cng vic ngui trong khng gian kn, ngoi vic bu khng kh tho mn m cn phi c
cp giy php lm vic. Ngoi ra cn phi dn ht cc cu cn bn t ra xa khi ni lm vic. Khi tin
 hnh cng vic ngui trong khng gian kn trong lc tu ang cp cu, th cn phi hi kin i din ca
cu cng v c th phi cn giy cho php ca cu cng.
c th tin hnh lm cng vic nng trong khng gian kn th ch c lm khi tt c cc quy nh an
ton c p dng v mi yu cu an ton tho mn v giy cho php lm cng vic nng c ban
hnh.
Xung lm vic trong khng gian kn phi l nhng xung c th bm phng c ch to c ch nh v
l kiu c chp nhn. Xung lm vic ch c s dng trong cc kt cha nc ballast sch, mc
nc trong kt phi hoc l ng yn hoc l ang gim xung; khng c mc nc trong kt ln v bt
c l do g khi ang s dng xung trong kt. Tt c mi ngi lm vic trn xung phi mc o phao c
nhn.

8. Hnh ng cu nn:
n chung bo ng cu ho cnh bo cho ton b thuyn vin, v thng bo trn loa rng hnh ng
cu nn ang tin hnh u.
i chng chy tp hp cc thit b cu ho v sn sng. Ngi cu nn phi t mc thit b cu nn
cng nhanh cng tt trc khi n c ti v tr tai nn.
i K thut s dng thit b hin c cung cp nh sng v c gng thng gi ti khu vc b tai nn;
Hai ngi cu nn mc thit b v kim tra li cc bnh dng kh ca h. My n s c phi sn sng.
Cc ngi cu nn c buc vi dy cu nn v i trng kim tra li p lc ca bnh v tnh ton thi
gian hnh ng cu nn.
Hai ngi cu nn vi dy an ton chui vo khu vc b nn v mi dy c mt ngi tr gip ni dy
hp l v bo m an ton. Thit b d phng phi a xung ngay khi Ngi cu nn xung n y kt,
hm. Nhng ngi cu nn khc phi sn sng hnh ng. Thit b nng vi khung nng c chun b v
c ngi iu khin
Khi ngi b nn c tm thy hy xem th c cn iu tr ti ch khng hoc phi mang ra khi kt.
Khng c th d l nh nht vi ngi b thng. Khng lng ph thi gian cng v a ngi b
thng n v tr cu v t ln khung cu. Nu nhiu ngi b thng th u tin u tin ngi gn v
tr thit b nng. Buc dy tht chc ngi b thng trong qu trnh nng. Nu vn chuyn qu kh khn th
c thm ngi cu nn xung h tr.
Mt ngi lm hiu lnh trn ch dn cc ngi khc trong qu trnh ko ln. Nu nhiu ngi b thng
th phi b tr thm ngi cu nn xung kt h tr vic vn chuyn.
Mt cng phi sn sng vn chuyn tip theo sau khi s cu. Hy nh qui tc s cu: Thong gi
Ni lng H hp Nhp Tim v qui trnh hi sc.

9. Thit b sau y phi c phc v hnh ng cu nn:

Thit b bo v th vi chai xy. Mt n lc ch c s dng trong cc trng hp o chnh xc lng
xy thch hp.
o bo v kh gas nu d nh s dng s ngn c ho cht c th xut hin lm hi n da.
M bo h vi dy buc cm, gng tay c ma st trn b mt ln tng bm.
ng chn chng trt.
Cc dy an ton, t nht l hai dy, c bn cao, nhiu khuyt mc bo v nhng ngi tro xung.
Qut cm tay thng gi ti khu vc nguy him.
Cng hi c trang b dy treo v mc cu, t nht l hai ci vi nhiu khuyt mc.
Khung cu trang b vai chu lc v dy buc, hoc khung an ton.
n pin chu nhit, du, nc v chng n
Bnh xy cho ngi sng st.
Thit b s cu iu tr ban u cho ngi c cu sng.
Cng vn chuyn sau s cu.
Ch sau khi thng qua vic thc tp trn thc t mi c th quyt nh c loi thit b no cn thit cho mi tu.
Khi mt tai nn lin quan n thng vong i vi con ngi xy ra trong khng gian kn, vic u tin l phi rung
chung bo ng. Mc d tc thng l vn sng cn ca vn cu mng sng, nhng cc hot ng cp
cu khng c c lm khi m cc thit b v s tr gip cn thit cha c tp trung y . C rt nhiu v d v
tn tht sinh mng v hp tp, c cu ngi trong khi cha chun b y .
Vic t chc ngay t u c gi tr rt ln trong phn ng nhanh v c hiu qu. Dy cu mng, thit b th, thit b
hi sc v thit b cp cu khc phi lun lun trng thi sn sng s dng v phi c sn mt i cp cu
c o to. cc lut l v tn hiu phi c thng nht t trc.
S quan trc cp cu phi lun ngoi khu vc m ti c th thc hin c vic kim sot hiu qu nht.
Quan trng nht l mi thnh vin ca i cp cu phi bit ci g c th xy ra v phi thng xuyn tin hnh
luyn tp cp cu ngi ra khi khng gian kn.