Professional Documents
Culture Documents
STRUCTURE OF A FLOOR.
Cleanliness-
The flooring should be capable of being cleaned easily, and
it should be non-absorbent.
Resistance-
Should have effective resistance against absorption of oil,
grease etc.
Durability -
The flooring should have sufficient resistance to wear,
temperature changes, disintegration with time and decay.
Tiles, marble, terrazzo, concrete, mosaic etc. are
considered to be of best types.
SELECTION OF FLOORING MATERIAL
Hardness-
It should be sufficiently hard to resist indentation
marks, imprints etc. likely to be caused by shifting of
furniture, equipments etc.
Maintenance -
Flooring material should require least
maintenance, repairs can be done easily.
Tiles, marble, terrazzo, concrete etc. require less
maintenance.
TYPES OF FLOORING
Marble flooring
Marble flooring is commonly is provided in places of
worship and in public buildings having rich specification.
CLASSIFICATION OF MARBLE
WHITE MARBLE
COLOURED MARBLE
Black marble
Pink marble
LAYING OF MARBLE FLOORING
For pre-finished ceramic tiles the bedding mortar used for this
has the cement and coarse sand ration of 1:4
For glazed earthenware tile -the bedding mortar used for this has
the cement and coarse sand ration of 1:3
Quantity of water should be such that it gives the motar
sufficient amount of plasticity and also makes the mortar
workable.
Average thickness of bedding mortar = 20 mm
Thickness under the tile = not less than 10 mm.
Allowed to harden for 12 to 24 hours.
Before laying the tiles, neat cement slurry is spread over the
bedding mortar
Preparing the bed for laying the tile
LAYING OF TILES
Tiles are laid flat, gently pressed into the bedding mortar with
the help of wooden mallet.
Before laying the tiles, thin paste of cement is applied on their
sides, over the entire perimeter surface
Next day
Joints between adjacent tiles are cleaned of loose mortar
etc. to a depth of 5 mm, using wire brush
Then grouted with cement slurry of the tile colour.
The slurry is also applied over the flooring.
Then curing is done for seven days
In Vitrified ceramic tiles wetting of the back surface before
laying is adequate.
In Glazed earthenware tiles - tiles are soaked in water for an hour
before laying.
Cutting of the Tile
Fixing of the tile after the laying of tile
VITRIFIED TILES
SIZES
THICKNESS
8mm or 10 mm
VITRIFIED TILES
MERITS
Scratch resistant.
Fire proof.
More durable.
Easy maintenance.
Less slippery.
More glossy and is widely used in commercial purposes
DEMERITS
MATERIALS
Clay
Sand
Crushed stone
CERAMIC TILE FLOORING
MERITS
Water resistant
CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING TILES
These are available as
(a) Plain cement and plain coloured tiles for general
purpose
(b) Terrazzo tiles with chips of varying sizes, and
(c) Heavy duty plain cement / coloured tiles.
SIZE:
These are available in three sizes:
200x200x20 mm
250x250x22 mm
300x300x25 mm
CHEQUERED CEMENT CONCRETE TILES
Chequered tiles
RANGE OF DIMENSIONS:
Footpaths
Entrance
Staircase of Public Buildings
Foot Dyer Bridges
Passages
Driveways, etc.
MANUFACTURE
TILE CHARACTERISTICS
Mosaic
Terrazzo
MATERIALS
PREPARATION
Lime concrete
Marble chips
Mortar screed
Glass strip
Marble chips and
cement
Cement
concrete(1:2:4)
Lime concrete
MATERIALS
Brick
Lime or Cement mortar
Base concrete generally 75mm thick of
ratio of 1:4:8 and lean cement concrete
1:5:10.
LAYING OF BRICKS
General
QUALITIES
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
CHOICE OF AGGREGATE: should be hard enough for good durability
as well as abrasion resistance.
WATER CEMENT RATIO: lower the water cement ratio, greater the
durability and wear resistance.
DENSITY OF FLOORING: flooring should be well compacted.
density is increased with increase in density of finish.
CURING: adequate curing is essential to ensure good wear
resistances
CEMENT CONCRETE FLOOR FINISH
Finish is laid with base concrete on ground.
Topping is laid within 2-3 hours of laying the base concrete
Base concrete imparts strength and have good wearing
properties.
,
Base concrete
Consists of 100 mm thick1:4:8 cement concrete
Before placing the base concrete, the sub base should be properly
wetted.
Surface should not be finished smooth but kept rough to provide
adequate bond for topping.
Floor finishing
Topping consist of 1:2:4 cement concrete with a minimum
thickness of 25 mm. Topping should be placed in position as soon
as possible but not later than 2to 3 hours of laying
Prep of base from (brick ballast)
CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING
TIMBER FLOORING
CONSTRUTION METHOD-
dado
Tlmber planks
Wall
D.P.C
Asphalt
G.L
1.5cm. Lime concrete
Wooden block or
Saw dust tiles
wall
D.P.C
Asphalt
G..L
1.5cm. Lime concrete
Scratch resistant
Non fading
Not much polishing required.
Does not damage the sub floor.
Elastic in nature
DEMERITS
Auditoriums
dancing halls
Gymnasia
squash courts and
residential areas etc.
PVC SHEET FLOORING
PVC flooring material
is manufactured in
different patterns to
suite different
conditions.
Gives a resilient and
non-porous surface.
Burning cigarettes will
damage the neat
surface of PVC sheet.
Rubber base
adhesives are used
for fixing.
LAYING AND FIXING
Flooring shall be laid on
the sub-floor and marked
with guidelines
Adhesive shall then be
applied with proper tools.
When tack free, the
flooring is properly placed
so that air is squeezed
out.
Roller shall be used.
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