Within the field of computer vision, a considerable amount of research has been performed in recent

times on automated methods for recognizing the identity of individuals from their facial images. The
major motivating factors for this are the understanding of human perception, and a number of security
and surveillance applications such as access to ATMs, airport security, tracking of individuals and law
enforcement. Computational models of FR must address several difficult problems. This difficulty arises
from the fact that faces must be represented in a way that best utilizes the available face information to
distinguish a particular face from all other faces. Faces pose a particularly difficult problem because all
faces are similar to one another in that they contain the same set of features such as eyes, nose, mouth
arranged in roughly the same manner. In Figure 4-1, the outline of a typical FRS is given. This outline
heavily carries the characteristics of a typical pattern recognition system.