For wind load:

Number of bays: = 7.00

Yield strength of steel, Fy = 250.00 MPa
Height of truss, h = 2.60 m
Span of truss = 17.40 m
Bay distance, s = 5.00 m
Unsupported length of column, y = 7.20 m
Length of mill building, L = 17.40 m
Average roof height, y = 8.50 m
fy = 276.00 MPa
fc' = 21.00 MPa
For mill building:
Number of bays: = 7.00
Yield strength of steel, Fy = 250.00 MPa
Height of truss, h = 2.60 m
Span of truss = 17.40 m
Bay distance, s = 5.00 m
Unsupported length of column, y = 7.20 m
Length of mill building, L = 17.40 m
Average roof height, y = 8.50 m
fy = 276.00 MPa
fc' = 21.00 MPa

1
Loads to be considered are:
1.0 Dead load
2.0 Roof live load
3.0 Wind Load (NSCP 2010)
No ceiling or other suspended loads
Assume point of inflection to be at h/3 from base
A 33 1/3 percent increase in allowable working stress is permitted when wind effects are included. The knee brace has zero stre
due to gravity loads.
Location: Cebu City
Topography: Relatively flat
Dimensions: 17.4 x 35 m horizontal dimensions
Eave height: 7.20
Inclined length of roof: 8.89
Roof slope: 4:10
Roof angle, 16.64
Framing: Rigid frame spans the 17.4 m direction.
Lateral bracing are provided every 2 bays.
Side girts and purlins span between rigid frames
Bay spacing: 5.00
Lateral bracing: 2.00
Side girt spacing: 1.00
Purlin spacing: 0.90
Cladding: Roof panel dimensions are 0.80 m wide
Roof fastener spacing on purlins is 0.30 m on center
Wall panel dimensions are 0.80 m x 7.2 m
Wall panel fastener spacing on side girts is 0.30 m on center
Type of occupancy: Warehouse facility for material storage.

1.0 Wind Load computations:

Wind zone
(Fig 207-1, Basic wind speed)
Wind directionality factor, Kd
Importance factor, Iw
Velocity pressure coeff. Kz
Topographic factor, Kzt
Velocity pressures, qz
= Zone 2
= 200.00
= 0.85
= 1.00
= 0.97
= 1.00
= 1.61

z Exposure Category "C"

Height m Kz qz
0 - 4.5 0.85 1.37
6.00 0.90 1.45
7.50 0.94 1.51
9.00 0.98 1.58
12.00 1.04 1.67
Eave 7.20 0.98 1.58
9.80 0.98 1.58
h 8.50 1.04 1.67

2
 Ridge 9.80 1.04 1.67
10.30 1.04 1.67

Enclosure classification: Enclosed

Internal pressure coefficient, Gcpi: 0.18 (towards the internal surface)
-0.18 (away from the internal surfac
Gust effect factor: 0.85
External wall Cp:
Surface Wind direction L/B Cp
Windward All All 0.80
Normal to ridge 0.50 -0.50
Leeward
Parallel to ridge 2.01 -0.30
Side wall All All -0.70

External roof Cp:

Surface h/L 10.00 16.64
degrees degrees
-0.90 -0.57
0.50
-0.18 -0.06
-0.59
Windward 0.49
-0.07
-1.30 -0.90
1.0
-0.18 -0.18
Leeward roof -0.50

MWFRS Net pressures for rigid buildings of all heights:

z q Net pressures, kPa

Surface m kPa G Cp (+Gcpi)
0 - 4.5 1.37 0.85 0.80 0.63
7.00 1.45 0.85 0.80 0.68
Windward wall 7.50 1.51 0.85 0.80 0.73
9.00 1.58 0.85 0.80 0.77
12.00 1.67 0.85 0.80 0.84
Leeward wall All 1.67 0.85 -0.50 -1.01
Side walls All 1.67 0.85 -0.70 -1.30
- 1.67 0.85 -0.59 -1.14
Windward roof
- 1.67 0.85 -0.07 -0.40
Leeward roof - 1.67 0.85 -0.50 -1.01

External roof Cp from Figure 207-6 for wind parallel to ridge:

Surface h/L Distance from windward edge Cp

0 to h/2 -0.90
h/2 to h -0.90
Roof 0.50 h to 2h -0.50

3
 Roof 0.50
> 2h -0.30
0 to h/2 -1.30

MWFRS Net pressures for wind parallel to ridge

z q Net pressures, kPa

Surface m kPa G Cp (+Gcpi)
0 - 4.5 1.37 0.85 0.80 0.63
7.00 1.45 0.85 0.80 0.68
Windward wall 7.50 1.51 0.85 0.80 0.73
9.00 1.58 0.85 0.80 0.77
12.00 1.67 0.85 0.80 0.84
Leeward wall All 1.67 0.85 -0.30 -0.73
Side walls All 1.67 0.85 -0.70 -1.30
0 to h/2 1.67 0.85 -0.90 -1.58
Roof h to 2h 1.67 0.85 -0.50 -1.01
> 2h 1.67 0.85 -0.30 -0.73

Design pressures for components and claddings (C&C):

Girts = 8.33
Wall panel = 0.80
Fastener = 0.30

Combined gust effect factor and external pressure coefficients GC pf for low rise building.
10% of least horizontal dimension or 0.4h, whichever is smaller,
a =
not less than either 4% of least horizontal dimension or 0.9 m
h = roof height, m, except that eave height shall be used for 10

To determine a:
10% of least horizontal dimension = 1.74
40% of height of roof = 3.40
4% of least horizontal dimension = 0.70
a = 1.74
a = 1.74
Therefore, use a = 1.74
2a = 3.48

The wall coefficients are listed below:

External (CGp)
C&C A (m )
2
Zones 4 and 5 Zone 4
Girt 8.33 0.83 -0.93
Panel 0.80 1.00 -1.10
Fastener 0.30 1.00 -1.10
Other 0.90 1.00 -1.10
Other 46.50 0.70 -0.80

Typical calculations of design pressures for girt in Zone 4 are shown below:

4
 For maximum negative pressure:
p = -1.86
p = -1.26
For maximum positive pressure:
p = 1.09
p = 1.69

Net controlling wall C&C pressures are summarized in the table below

Controlling design pressures (kPa)

C&C Zone 4 Zone 5
Positive Negative Positive
Girt 1.69 -1.86 1.69
Panel 1.97 -2.14 1.97
Fastener 1.97 -2.14 1.97
Other 1.97 -2.14 1.97
Other 1.47 -1.64 1.47

Weighted average design pressure:

p = -3.31

Effective wind areas of roof C&C:

Purlins = 8.33
Roof panel = 0.72
Fastener = 0.27

External (CGp)
C&C A (m )
2
Positive Negative
Zone 1,2,3 Zone 1 Zone 2
Purlin 8.33 0.3098362492 -0.8049181246 -1.223590623
Panel 0.72 0.50 -0.90 -1.70
Fastener 0.27 0.50 -0.90 -1.70
Other 0.90 0.50 -0.90 -1.70
Other 9.30 0.30 -0.80 -1.20

Typical calculations of design pressures for girt in Zone 4 are shown below:
For maximum negative pressure:
p = -0.30105504
p = 0.30105504
For maximum positive pressure:
p = -0.30105504
p = 0.30105504

Net controlling wall C&C pressures are summarized in the table below

Positive Negative
C&C

5
C&C
Zone 1,2,3 Zone 1 Zone 2
Purlin 0.30105504 -1.6473031411 -2.3475446175
Panel 1.14 -1.81 -3.14
Fastener 1.14 -1.81 -3.14
Other 1.14 -1.81 -3.14
Other 0.80 -1.64 -2.31

End bay purlin located in Zones 1 and 2, weighted average design pressure:
p = -0.3143014618
End bay purlin located in Zones 2 and 3 weighted average design pressure:
p = -0.3143014618

6
e knee brace has zero stress

m
m

degrees

s.
frames
m
bays
m
m

m on center
m
is 0.30 m on center

kph

kPa

7
ds the internal surface)
from the internal surface)

20.00
degrees
-0.40
0.00

-0.70
-0.18

essures, kPa
(-Gcpi)
1.23
1.29
1.33
1.37
1.44
-0.41
-0.69
-0.54
0.20
-0.41

-0.18
-0.18
-0.18

8
 -0.18
-0.18

essures, kPa
(-Gcpi)
1.23
1.29
1.33
1.37
1.44
-0.13
-0.69
-0.98
-0.41
-0.13

m2
m2
m2

ding.
h, whichever is smaller, but
l dimension or 0.9 m
hall be used for 10

m
m
m
m
m
m
m

Zone 5
-1.06
-1.40
-1.40
-1.40
-0.80

are shown below:

9
 (controls)

(controls)

5
Negative
-2.08
-2.64
-2.64
-2.64
-1.64

kPa

m2
m2
m2

Zone 3
-2.0285087476
-2.60
-2.60
-2.60
-2.00

are shown below:

(controls)

(controls)

10
 Zone 3
-3.6937927187
-4.65
-4.65
-4.65
-3.65

e design pressure:
kPa
design pressure:
kPa

11
Loads to be considered are:
1.0 Dead load
2.0 Roof live load
3.0 Wind Load (NSCP 2010)
No ceiling or other suspended loads
Assume point of inflection to be at h/3 from base
A 33 1/3 percent increase in allowable working stress is permitted when wind effects are included. The knee brace has zero stress
due to gravity loads.

2.0 Determine the spacing of purlins:

Length of top chord, AE = 9.08 m
Top of chord panel length, AB = 2.27 m
at third panel points, s = 0.76 m
at fourth panel points, s = 0.57 m
NOTE: Corrugated GI sheets has a standard width of 0.80 m with varying lengths from 1.5 m to 3.6 m at an
interval of 0.30 m. Gauge #14 to 30.

Option 1: Purlins spaced at third panel points.

Length of GI sheets: = 2.57 m
Option 2: Purlins spaced at fourth panel points.
Length of GI sheets: = 2.57 m

Adopt: Option 1
G.I sheets gauge: 2.57

3.0 Design of intermediate purlins:

Span of purlin, L
Roof slope angle,
purlin spacing, s
number of lines of sag rods
average height of roof
Wind zone
(Fig 207-1, Basic wind speed)
Exposure category
Importance factor, I
Top flange laterally supported by roofing
= 5.00 m
= 16.64 degrees
= 0.76 m
= 3.00
= 8.50 m
= Zone 2
= 200.00 kph
= C
= 1.00

3.1 Dead Loads

G.I roofing = 80.00 Pa
Purlins = 80.00 Pa
Accessories = 70.00
Total = 230.00 Pa
3.2 Live Loads
Roof slope: 2.6V : 8.7H
Tributary area = 4.00 m2
L = 750.00 Pa

3.3 Wind Loads

From wind force computations:
Maximum suction = 1704.00 Pa
3.4 Normal loads per linear meter
DL = 166.75 N/m
LL = 543.75 N/m

12
 WL = -1289.39 N/m
3.5 Tangential loads per linear meter
DL = 49.83 N/m
LL = 162.50 N/m
3.6 Design load computations
Case 1. D+L
wn = 710.50 N/m
wt = 212.33 N/m
Case 2. 0.75(D+Wsuction)
wn = -841.98 N/m
wt = 37.38 N/m
NOTE: Since dead and live loads are opposite those of wind, then dead plus live plus wind combinations will not
govern. For the above load combinations, CASE 2 is more critical.

3.7 Calculations of normal and tangential bending moments

Maximum Normal Moment = 2631.18
Maximum Tangential Moment = 4.17
3.8 Select Trial Section
Allowable bending stress, Fb = 150.00
Required section modulus, Sx = 17541.22
Try, LC: 120x60x20x4.5 mm
Section properties:
Ix = 2.45E+06
Sx = 4.09E+04
Sy = 1.34E+04
3.9 Compute actual bending stresses
fbx = 64.33
fby = 0.31
3.10 Compute allowable bending stresses
Fbx = 150.00
Fby = 187.50
3.11 Check
_
Biaxial bending criteria
/ = 0.43
_
+_ 0.43 < 1.000 OK

3.12 Check /
deflection
_
wn,max = 841.98 N/m
L = 5.00 MPa
E = 200000.00 MPa
Ix = 2.45E+06 mm4

allow = 27.78 mm
actual = 13.98 mm
13.98 < 27.78 OK
wt. of purlin, w = 152.98 Pa

4.0 Design of sag rods:

4.1 Tension in sag rod to support one purlin
R2 = 303.37 N

13
 R3 = 246.31 N

4.2 Axial load on critical sag rod

Critical sag rod is carrying, n = 12.00
R2 = 3640.46 N
R3 = 2955.68 N
4.3 Allowable axial stress
Ft = 150.00 MPa
4.4 Required diameter of sag rod
A = 24.27
dr = 5.56
use, = 7.00 mm sag rods

5.0 Design of ridge purlin and tie rod

Due to normal component of tension in tie rod, expect a heavier ridge purlin.
m = 15.00 kg/m
wtributary = 0.28 m
5.1 Load calculations
purlin, = 518.58 Pa
dead load, D = 598.58 Pa
live load, L = 750.00 Pa
wind load, w = 1704.00 Pa
5.2 Normal loads per linear meter
DL = 162.74 N/m
LL = 203.91 N/m
WL = -483.52 N/m
5.3 Tangential loads per linear meter
DL = 48.63 N/m
LL = 60.94 N/m
5.4 Design load combinations
Case 1. D+L
wn = 366.64 N/m
wt = 109.57 N/m
Case 2. 0.75(D+Wsuction)
wn = -240.59 N/m
wt = 36.48 N/m
5.5 Concentrated forces
Tangential forces:
T2t = 3797.01
T3t = 3112.23
Normal forces:
T2n = 1134.74
T3n = 930.09
5.6 Tangential and normal bending moments
At midspan:
Mx = 3726.80
My = 12.23
5.7 Select trial section:
Try, W150x14 mm
Section properties:
d = 150.00

14
 b = 100.00
tf = 5.50
tw = 4.30
Ix = 6.71E+06
Iy = 9.18E+05
Sx = 89429.18
Sy = 18351.75
5.8 Check biaxial bending:
fbx = 41.67
fby = 0.67
Fbx = 150.00
Fby = 187.50
_
/ = 0.28
_
+_ 0.28 < 1.000
5.9 Check deflection: /
due to wn: 1 _ = 2.22
due to T2n: 2
= 3.03
due to T3n: 3 = 1.81
Total : = 7.06
7.06 < 27.78
5.10 Check weight of ridge purlin
A = 1697.70
m = 13.33
13.33 < 15.00
5.11 Design of tie rod
T2 = 3962.94
Arequired = 5.80

6.0 Design of intermediate side girts

Spacing of girts: 1.00 m

6.1 Dead Loads

G.I. Sidings = 100.00
Girts + accessories = 150.00
Total dead load = 250.00
6.2 Wind Loads
From wind force computations:
Maximum suction = 932.38
Maximum pressure = 1691.57
6.3 Loads per linear meter
Vertical, wv = 250.00
Horizontal, wh = 932.38
6.4 Load Combinations:
CASE 1. D
wv = 250.00
wh = 0.00
CASE 2. 0.75(D+W)
wv = 187.50
wh = 699.29

15
6.5 Bending moments about horizontal and vertical axis
Span of purlin, L = 5.00
CASE 1. DL only
R1 = 122.81
T1 = 357.19
T2 = 290.00
T1 = 357.19
R2 = 122.81
CASE 2. Dead plus wind loads
R1 = 92.11
T1 = 267.89
T2 = 217.50
T1 = 267.89
R2 = 92.11
At midspan:
Mx = 2185.27
My = 20.93

6.6 Select trial section:

Fb = 150.00
Required section modulus, Sx = 14568.49
Required section modulus, Sy = 139.51
Try, 120x60x20x3.2 mm
Section properties:
Ix = 1.86E+06
Iy = 4.09E+05
Sx = 3.10E+04
Sy = 1.05E+04
6.7 Compute bending stresses
fbx = 70.49
fby = 1.99
Fbx = 150.00
Fby = 187.50
_
/ = 0.48
_
+_ 0.48 < 1.000
6.8 Check deflections: /
_
wn,max = 699.29
L = 5.00
E = 200000.00
Ix = 1.86E+06
allow = 27.78
actual = 15.30
15.30 < 27.78
wt. of girt, w = 63.86
63.86 < 150.00

Use LC: 120x60x20x3.2 intermediate girts

16
7.0 Design top girt and sag rods:
Due to downward pull of 3 lines of sag rods, assume a heavier top girt.
m = 40.00 kg/m
wtributary = 0.50 m
7.1 Load calculations
girt = 784.80
DL = 884.80
WL = 932.38
7.2 Linear load per meter
Vertical, wv = 442.40
Horizontal, wh = 466.19
7.3 Load combination
CASE 1. D
wv = 442.40
wh = 0.00
CASE 2. 0.75(D+W)
wv = 331.80
wh = 349.64
7.4 Concentrated forces
Number of spans = 7.00
CASE 1. T1 = 2500.31
T2 = 2030.00
CASE 2. T 1 = 1875.23
T2 = 1522.50
7.5 CASE 1. Dead load only
R = 4621.31
at midspan:
My = 7045.39
CASE 2. Dead plus wind loads
at midspan:
Mx = 1092.64
My = 5284.04
7.6 Select trial section
Required section modulus, Sy = 46969.27
Try, W150x30 mm
Section properties:
d = 157.00
b = 153.00
tf = 9.30
tw = 6.60
Ix = 1.70E+07
Iy = 5.55E+06
Sx = 216548.33
Sy = 72611.24
72611.24 > 46969.27
7.7 Check bending stresses
CASE 1. fby = 97.03
97.03 < 187.50

17
 CASE 2. fbx = 5.05
fby = 72.77
_
/ = 0.42
_
+_ 0.42 < 1.000
7.8 Check deflections: /
due to wv: 1 _ = 3.24
due to T1: 2
= 8.06
due to T2: 3 = 4.76
Total : = 16.06
16.06 < 27.778
7.9 Compute weight of top girt
m = 29.75
29.75 < 40.00
7.10 Design of vertical sag rods
For dead load only: T = 2500.31
Arequired = 4.61

Therefore use Trial W-section as top girt with 3 lines of 10 mm diameter vertical sag rods.

8.0 Analysis of dead Load on the truss

Bay distance = 5.00 m

8.1 Estimated dead loads

Gauge 26 corr. GI Sheets = 80.00
Weight of bracing = 50.00
Intermediate purlins = 152.98
Ridge purlins = 470.18
Dead load, wd = 282.98
8.2 Compute live loads
For truss: Rise = 2.6V:8.7H
Loaded area = 87.00
Live load, wl = 600.00
8.3 Estimate weight of truss
Total weight of truss, kN = 5.15
say, 6.00
Load on top chord joints = 0.75

8.4 Compute load on truss panel points

Top chord panel length = 2.27
P1 = 3.96
P2 = 1.98
P3 = 5.16
P3

P1 P1

P1

18
 P1
P1
P1 P1

P2

R1

= 16.64 degrees
1 = 73.36 degrees
2 = 33.28 degrees
R1 = 16.45 kN
AB = -50.52 kN
BC = -49.39 kN
CD = -48.25 kN
DE = -47.12 kN

9.0 Analysis of live load on truss:

Bay distance = 5.00 m

9.1 Compute live load

From 8.2: truss live load wl = 600.00
9.2 Compute load on truss panel points
P1 = 6.53
P2 = 3.26
9.3 Live load stresses
P1

P1 P1

P1
P1
P1 P1

P2

R1

= 16.64 degrees
1 = 73.36 degrees
2 = 33.28 degrees
R1 = 26.10 kN
Ab = -79.76 kN
bc = -77.89 kN

19
 cd = -76.02 kN
df = -74.15 kN

10.0 Analysis of wind load. CASE A

UDL1 UDL3

UD UDL4
L2

Point of inflection: 2.40

UDL1 = 1.14 kN/m

UDL2 = 0.84 kN/m
UDL3 = 1.01 kN/m
UDL4 = -1.01 kN/m

10.1 Concentrated loads

P1 = 12.97 kN
P2 = 6.48 kN
P3 = 11.49 kN
P4 = 5.74 kN
10.2 Support reactions, column forces

Figure (A). FBD of buckling above inflection point.

X1: 3.54 m
X3: 3.82 m

P2 P2
P3 P3

20
 P1 P1

Figure (B). Resultant wind forces on roof

P1: 14.85 P1: 13.15

P2: 49.71 P2: 44.02
P3: 51.88 P3: 45.94
V1 V1

H1 H2

C1
` `
C2
HJ HK

MJ
VJ VK

Figure (C&D). FBD of columns below inflection point

VA VT
HA HT

` ` C2
FAB FHI
C1
H1 H2

V1 V2

Figure (E&F). FBD of columns above inflection point.

: 0.00 degrees

Figure (A):
H1=H2 = -1.06 kN
V2 = 45.83 kN
V1 = 47.89 kN
Figure (C):
HJ = 2.95 kN
VJ = 47.89 kN
MJ = 4.54 kN-m
Figure (D):
HK = -5.92 kN
VK = 45.83 kN
MK = -16.75 kN-m

10.3 Truss Forces P1

21
 P1

P1 P1

P1
P1
P1 P1

P2

R1

= 16.64 degrees
1 = 73.36 degrees
2 = 33.28 degrees

Left: P (kN) Right: P (kN)

Ab 145.56 Ab 140.84
bc 145.56 bc 140.84
cd 15.37 cd 140.84
df 15.37 df 140.84

11.0 Analysis of wind load. CASE B

UDL1 UDL3

UD UDL4
L2

Point of inflection: 2.40

UDL1 = -2.58 kN/m

UDL2 = 1.30 kN/m
UDL3 = 1.01 kN/m
UDL4 = 1.30 kN/m

11.1 Concentrated loads

22
 P1 = -5.86 kN
P2 = -2.93 kN
P3 = 2.30 kN
P4 = 1.15 kN
11.2 Support reactions, column forces

Figure (A). FBD of buckling above inflection point.

X1: 3.54 mm
X3: 3.82 mm

P2 P2
P3 P3

P1 P1

Figure (B). Resultant wind forces on roof

P1: -6.71 P1: 2.63

P2: -22.45 P2: 8.80
P3: -23.43 P3: 9.19
V1 V1

H1 H2

C1
` `
C2
HJ HK

MJ
VJ VK

Figure (C&D). FBD of columns below inflection point

VA VT
HA HT

` ` C2
FAB FHI
C1

23
 ` `
FAB FHI
C1
H1 H2

V1 V2

Figure (E&F). FBD of columns above inflection point.

: 0.00 degrees

Figure (A):
H1=H2 = 4.67 kN
V2 = -0.80 kN
V1 = -12.85 kN
Figure (C):
HJ = -1.55 kN
VJ = -12.85 kN
MJ = 7.48 kN-m
Figure (D):
HK = 10.89 kN
VK = -0.80 kN
MK = 37.35 kN-m

11.3 Truss Forces P1

P1 P1

P1
P1
P1 P1

P2

R1

= 16.64 degrees
1 = 73.36 degrees
2 = 33.28 degrees

Left: P (kN) Right: P (kN)

AB -35.07 AB -6.64
BC -35.07 BC -6.64
CD 23.74 CD -6.64
DE 23.74 DE -6.64

12.0 Table on Combination Stresses for interior truss.

24
Member D L D+L Case A
(kN) (kN) (kN) Left Right
1 2 3 4 5a 5b
AB -50.52 -79.76 -130.28 145.56 140.84
BC -49.39 -77.89 -127.28 145.56 140.84
CD -48.25 -76.02 -124.28 15.37 140.84
DE -47.12 -74.15 -121.27 15.37 140.84

13.0 Design of top chord:

13.1 Determine axial force and bending combinations
CASE 1.
Axial force, P = -130.28
Purlin normal load = 710.50
Purlin reaction = 3552.50
Moment in top chord = 504.02
CASE 2.
Axial force, P = 72.13
Purlin normal load = -841.98
Purlin reaction = 4209.89
Moment in top chord = 597.29
13.2 Select trial section
Try, 70 x 70 x 10 mm
Section properties:
For one angle:
A = 1310.00
Ix = 572000.00
Iy = 572000.00
x = 21.00
For two angles:
A = 2620.00
Ix = 1.14E+06
Iy = 2.78E+06
rx = 21.00
ry = 32.58
Buckle shape: A (From NSCP)
KLx/rx = 35.13
Buckle shape: D (From NSCP)
KLy/ry = 17.42
13.3 Compute allowable stresses
L/r = 35.132
C = 125.664
125.664 > 35.132
FS = 1.769
Fa = 135.817
Fe = 0
Fb = 150.00
13.4 Compute actual stresses
fa = 49.73
fb = 21.59
fa/Fa = 0.37
0.37 > 0.15

25
 13.5 Check adequacy for axial compression plus bending
Fe = 0.49
0.49 < 1.00
13.6 Check adequacy for axial tension plus bending
Ft = 150.00
fa = 27.53
fb = 51.17
Check: fa + fb: = 78.70
78.70 < 150.00

23.0 Design of Column

23.1 Wind Load - Case A
Figure (E):
Fab = 0.00 kN
Ha = -0.95 kN
Va = 47.89 kN
Figure (F):
FHI = 0.00 kN
HI = -1.37 kN
VI = 45.83 kN
VA
HA Brace angle: = 0.00
V (kN) M (kN-m)
` +R1 47.89 4.54
FAB
C1 +R2 0.84 0.00
H1 -R2 -6.97 0.00
-R3 -0.95 0.00
V1

LEFT COLUMN

VT
HT

C2 Brace angle: = 0.00

` V (kN) M (kN-m)
FHI
+R1 45.83 -16.75
+R2 -5.92 0.00
H2 -R2 -1.01 0.00
-R3 -1.37 0.00
V2

RIGHT COLUMN

23.2 Wind Load - Case B

Figure (E):
Fab = 0.00 kN
Ha = -7.78 kN

26
 Va = -12.85 kN
Figure (F):
FHI = 0.00 kN
HI = -1.56 kN
VI = -0.80 kN
VA
HA Brace angle: = 0.00
V (kN) M (kN-m)
` +R1 -12.85 7.48
FAB
C1 +R2 1.30 0.00
H1 -R2 1.55 0.00
-R3 -7.78 0.00
V1

LEFT COLUMN

VT
HT

C2 Brace angle: = 0.00

`
FHI V (kN) M (kN-m)
+R1 -0.80 37.35
+R2 10.89 0.00
H2 -R2 1.30 0.00
-R3 -1.56 0.00
V2

RIGHT COLUMN

23.3 Dead Loads

VA
HA

V (kN) M (kN-m)
+R1 0.00 0.00
FAB
+R2 0.00 0.00
-R2 0.00 0.00
H1

V1

23.4 Live loads

VT
HT

FHI V (kN) M (kN-m)

+R1 0.00 0.00
+R2 0.00 0.00
-R2 0.00 0.00
H2

27
 H2

V2

23.5 Load combinations - Case A

Case A D L W D+L
Point kN kN kN kN
a 0.00 26.10 47.89 26.10
J -34.42 26.10 47.89 -8.32
i 0.00 26.10 45.83 26.10
K -34.42 26.10 45.83 -8.32

23.6 Load combinations - Case B

Case A D L W D+L
Point kN kN kN kN
a 0.00 26.10 -12.85 26.10
J -34.42 26.10 -12.85 -8.32
i 0.00 26.10 -0.80 26.10
K -34.42 26.10 -0.80 -8.32

23.7 Select trial section

Try, W200x46 mm
Section properties:
d = 203.00 mm
b = 203.00 mm
tf = 11.00 mm
tw = 7.20 mm
A = 5860.00 mm2
Ix = 4.48E+07 mm4
Iy = 1.53E+07 mm4
Sx = 4.41E+05 mm3
Sy = 1.51E+05 mm3
rx = 87.40 mm
ry = 51.17 mm
Lx = 2400.00 mm
Ly = 1000.00 mm
KLx/rx = 27.46 controls
KLy/ry = 19.54
23.8 Check section compactness
flange compactness: = 9.23
= 15.81
9.23 < 15.81
web compactness: = 25.14
= 41.74
25.14 < 41.74
23.9 Check adequacy for axial compression plus bending
Design loads:

28
 P = -35.45
M = 28.01
C = 125.664
125.664 > 27.460 Use FS
FS = 1.747
Fa = 139.523 MPa
Fe = 0 kN
Fb = 150.00 MPa
fa = 6.05 MPa
fb = 63.52 MPa
fa/Fa = 0.04 MPa
0.04 < 0.15 Use 505-2
Fe = 0.47 MPa
0.47 < 1.00 OK
23.10 Check adequacy for axial tension plus bending
Design loads:
P = 55.49 kN
M = 12.56 kN-m
Ft = 150.00 MPa
ft = 9.47 MPa
fb = 28.48 MPa
Check: ft + fb: = 37.95 MPa
37.95 < 150.00 OK
23.11 Check for shear
Design shear: V = 35.92 kN
Fv = 100.00 MPa
fv = 24.58 MPa
24.58 < 100.00 OK

24.0 Design of connection at column base:

24.1 Determine design loads:
Case A 0.75(D+L+W) 0.75(D+W) M
point kN kN kN-m
J 29.68 10.11 3.41
K 28.13 8.56 -12.56
24.2 Design of anchor bolts:
NOTE: Anchor bolts are subjected to combined shear and tension

Number of bolts: 4.000

Bolt diameter, mm: 25.000
Tension force in each bolt, T = 7.905
Shear force in each bolt, T = 1.306
Area of bolts, Ab = 490.874
Shear stress in each bolt, fv = 2.661
2.661 < 145.000
Tensile stress in each bolt, fs = 16.104
AISC allowable tension stress: A307
= 179.000
Ft = 174.210
174.210 > 16.104
Embedment length of anchor bolts:

29
 allowable bond stress, ua = 1.316
use, 1.10
use 1.10 MPa max
embedment length, Le = 91.497
24.3 Check bolts for combined shear and tension
Ft = 134.76
T = 26.91
Allowable tensile stress, Ft = 134.64
134.64 < 134.76
Actual tensile stress, ft = 13.70
13.70 < 134.64
24.4 Check pressure at flange
R = 16.80
allowable, bearing, Fb = 187.50
actual bearing stress, fv = 7.52
7.52 < 187.50
24.5 Determine dimension of plate
Critical length, L = 96.00
Critical length, R = 136.50
Concrete fc' = 21.000
Allowable bearing in concrete, fc' = 5.25
A = 6399.47
Try, L = 400.00
a = 104.00
W = 20.51
say, W: 300.00
24.6 Determine thickness of plate:
Area of pressure zone, A = 93600.00
Actual max. bearing in concrete = 2.92
2.92 < 5.25
Taking moment to the left at center of flange: consider 1 mm strip.
M1 = 13039.29
Required thickness of base plate, t = 20.43
Taking moment to the right at face of flange: consider entire width.
x = 45.75
M2 = 1230.95
Required thickness of base plate, t = 13.93
use, 20.43
24.7 Design base plate with stiffeners
Try base plate thickness: 20.00 mm
x: 75.00 mm
y: 100.00 mm
Moment capacity of base plate without stiffeners:
M1 = 3750.00
Moment to be carried by stiffeners:
M2 = -2519.05
Required thickness of stiffeners:
tf = -2.69
use, 10.00
24.8 Compute size of weld
e = 0.11

30
 F = 11.09
t = 0.27
say, 1.00

26.0 Truss to column connection:

From 23.0:
H = -1.03 kN
V = 22.04 kN
qh = -2.53 kN
qv = 54.28 kN
qr = 54.34 kN
54.34 < 618.00

27.0 Design of end wall intermediate girt:

27.1 Dead Loads
G.I. Sidings = 80.00
Girts + accessories = 120.00
Total dead load = 200.00
Wind Loads
27.2 From wind force computations:
Maximum suction = 219.74
Maximum pressure = 3383.13
Loads per linear meter
Vertical, wv = 200.00
Horizontal, wh = 3383.13
27.3 Load Combinations:
CASE 1. D
wv = 200.00
wh = 0.00
CASE 2. 0.75(D+W)
wv = 150.00
wh = 2537.35
27.4 Bending moments about horizontal and vertical axis
Span of purlin, L = 5.00
CASE 1. DL only
M2 = -90.96
T1 = 143.06
T2 = 476.88
T1 = 143.06
CASE 2. Dead plus wind loads
M2 = -68.22
T1 = 107.30
T2 = 357.66
T1 = 107.30
At midspan:
Mx = 4616.15
My = 68.22

27.5 Select trial section:

Fb = 150.00

31
 Required section modulus, Sx = 30774.31
Required section modulus, Sy = 454.82
Try, 200x75x20x3.2 mm
Section properties:
Ix = 7.16E+06
Iy = 8.41E+05
Sx = 7.16E+04
Sy = 1.58E+04
27.6 Compute bending stresses
fbx = 64.47
fby = 4.32
Fbx = 150.00
Fby = 187.50
_
/ = 0.45
_
+_ 0.45 < 1.000
27.7 Check deflections: /
_
w = 2537.35
n,max
L = 5.00
E = 2.00E+05
Ix = 7.16E+06
allow = 27.78
actual = 14.42
14.42 < 27.78
wt. of girt, w = 90.94
90.94 < 120.00

28.0 Design of end wall top girt and sag rods

m = 25.00 kg/m
wtributary = 0.50 m
28.1 Load calculations
girt = 490.50
DL = 570.50
WL = 3383.13
28.2 Linear load per meter
Vertical, wv = 285.25
Horizontal, wh = 1691.57
28.3 Load combination
CASE 1. D
wv = 285.25
wh = 0.00
CASE 2. 0.75(D+W)
wv = 213.94
wh = 1268.68
28.4 Concentrated forces
Number of spans = 7.00
CASE 1. T1 = 3338.13
CASE 2. T2 = 2503.59
28.5 CASE 1. Dead load only
R = 2213.18

32
 at midspan:
My = 3702.69
CASE 2. Dead plus wind loads
R = 1659.88
at midspan:
Mx = 2308.07
My = 2777.01
28.6 Select trial section
Required section modulus, Sy = 19747.66
Try, W150x22 mm
Section properties:
d = 152.00
b = 152.00
tf = 6.60
tw = 5.80
Ix = 1.19E+07
Iy = 3.87E+06
Sx = 156633.46
Sy = 50858.49

28.7 Check bending stresses

CASE 1. fby = 72.80
72.80 < 187.50
CASE 2. fbx = 45.38
fby = 54.60
_
/ = 0.59
_
+_ 0.59 < 1.000
28.8 Check deflections: /
due to wv: 1 _ = 1.02

due to T1: 2 = 3.75
Total : = 4.76
4.76 < 27.778
28.9 Compute weight of top girt
m = 22.37
22.37 < 25.00
28.1 Design of vertical sag rods
For dead load only: T = 3338.13
Arequired = 5.32

Therefore use Trial W-section as top girt with 3 lines of 10 mm diameter vertical sag rods.

29.0 Design of exterior bay bottom chord lateral truss

29.1 Lateral truss member forces (Leeward wall)
X1,2 = 3.54 m
X3 = 3.82 m
Y = 7.20 m
F1 = 11.74 kN

33
 F2 = 13.84 kN
F3 = 13.60 kN
F4 = 32.38 kN
29.2 Lateral truss member forces (Windward wall)
F1 = 23.20 kN
F2 = 27.37 kN
F3 = 26.89 kN
F4 = 64.02 kN
29.3 Design forces for bracing members
A B C D E F

a b c d e f

X1,2 = 3.54 m
X3 = 3.82 m
1: = 54.68 degrees
2: = 52.66 degrees
Member: Leeward (kN) Windward (kN)
Aa -32.38 -64.02
Ba 39.68 78.46
Bb -20.64 -40.81
Cb 25.30 50.02
Cc -6.80 -13.44
Dc 8.55 16.91
AB 0.00 0.00
BC 22.94 45.36
CD 37.57 74.27
ab -22.94 -45.36
bc -37.57 -74.27
cd -42.76 -84.53

Member Lu Leeward Windward Max force Design force

m kN kN kN kN
Ab 3.064 39.684 78.455 78.455 58.841
Cb 3.064 25.300 50.018 50.018 37.514
Dc 3.145 8.554 16.911 16.911 12.683
Bb 2.500 -20.644 -40.813 -40.813 -30.610
Cc 2.500 -6.800 -13.444 -13.444 -10.083
ee 2.500 0.000 -26.888 -26.888 -20.166

34
29.4 Design of diagonals (Tension members):
Try, 50 x 50 x 7 mm
Section properties:
For one angle:
A = 741.00
Ix = 163000.00
x = 16.00
For two angles:
A = 1482.00
Ix = 326000.00
rx = 14.83
Buckle shape: D (From NSCP)
KLx/rx = 206.58
Check tensile capacity based on gross area,
T = 111.15
111.15 > 58.84
Check tensile capacity based on effective net area,
Bolt : 20.00 mm
Number of bolts: 4.00
Ae = 417.75
T = 83.55
83.55 > 58.84
29.5 Design of verticals (compression members)
Try, 50 x 50 x 6 mm
Section properties:
For one angle:
A = 569.00
Ix = 128000.00
x = 15.00
For two angles:
A = 1138.00
Ix = 256000.00
rx = 15.00
Buckle shape: D (From NSCP)
KLx/rx = 166.68
Check for compression
L/r = 14.999
C = 125.664
125.664 > 14.999
FS = 1.711
Fa = 145.055
Fe = 0
P = 82.536
82.536 > 30.610
29.6 Design of secondary horizontal bracing
Try, 25 x 25 x 3 mm
Section properties:
For one angle:
A = 142.00

35
 Ix = 8000.00
rx = 7.51
Buckle shape: D (From NSCP)
KLx/rx = 254.13
254.13 < 300.00
30.0 Design of exterior bay top chord lateral truss:
30.1 Lateral truss member forces (Leeward wall)
X1,2 = 3.54 m
X3 = 3.82 m
Ltop = 4.54 m
Y = 7.20 m
F1 = 2.15 kN
F2 = 7.51 kN
F3 = 5.90 kN
30.2 Lateral truss member forces (Windward wall)
F1 = 4.24 kN
F2 = 14.86 kN
F3 = 11.67 kN
30.3 Design forces for bracing members
A C E G I

A C E G I

X1,2 = 3.54 m
X3 = 3.82 m
1: = 54.68 degrees
2: = 52.66 degrees
Member: Leeward (kN) Windward (kN)
AA -5.90 -11.67
AC 7.43 14.68
CC -3.76 -7.43
CE 4.73 9.34
ACbottom -4.51 -8.91
CEbottom -7.37 -14.57
ACtop 0.00 0.00
CEtop 4.51 8.91

Member Lu Leeward Windward Max force Design force

36
 m kN kN kN kN
AC 3.377 7.427 14.683 14.683 11.012
CE 3.377 4.726 9.344 9.344 7.008
CC 2.500 -7.372 -14.574 -14.574 -10.931
EE 2.500 0.000 -14.857 -14.857 -11.142

30.4 Design of diagonals (Tension members):

Try, 45 x 45 x 4 mm
Section properties:
For one angle:
A = 349.00
Ix = 64300.00
rx = 13.57
Buckle shape: D (From NSCP)
KLx/rx = 248.78
Check tensile capacity based on gross area,
T = 52.35
52.35 > 11.01
Check tensile capacity based on effective net area,
Bolt : 20.00 mm
Number of bolts: 4.00
Ae = 123.75
T = 24.75
24.75 > 11.01
30.5 Design of verticals (compression members)
Note: The closely spaced purlins are assumed to carry the compression forces in the
verticals of the top chord lateral truss.

31.0 Design of exterior bay side lateral truss:

Note: The side lateral truss will carry the following forces:
1) Reaction from the bottom chord lateral truss
2) Reaction from top chord lateral truss.
3) Wind force on corner column.

31.1 Forces on side lateral truss (windward bay)

Wind force on corner column = 3.60
Y = 7.20
F1 = 82.16
F2 = 12.95
F3 = 6.47
31.2 Forces on side lateral truss (leeward bay)
Wind force on corner column = 2.53
Y = 7.20
F1 = 42.84
F2 = 9.11
F3 = 4.55
I1 I2 I1 I2
P1 P4

L1 L2 L1

37
 L1 L2 L1

P2

P3

K1 K2 K1 2K

: 35.75 degrees

Member: Windward bay Leeward bay

kN kN
P1 82.16 4.55
P2 12.95 9.11
P3 6.47 4.55
P4 0.00 42.84
I-I -82.16 -42.84
L1-I2 101.24 58.40
L-L -95.11 -47.39
K1-L2 117.19 69.62
I-L(vert,L) 0.00 0.00
L-K(vert, L) 59.16 34.12
I-L(vert,R) -59.16 -34.12
L-K(vert, R) -127.63 -74.80

31.3 Design forces for bracing members

Member Lu Leeward Windward Maximum Design
m kN kN kN kN
II 5.00 -42.84 -82.16 -82.16 -61.62
LL 5.00 -47.39 -95.11 -95.11 -71.33
IL 3.08 58.40 101.24 101.24 75.93
KL 3.08 69.62 117.19 117.19 87.90

31.4 Design of horizontal member II

Try, W150x22 mm
Section properties:
d = 152.00 mm
b = 152.00 mm
tf = 6.60 mm
tw = 5.80 mm
A = 2850.00 mm2
Ix = 1.19E+07 mm4
Iy = 3.87E+06 mm4
rx = 65.00 mm
ry = 36.83 m
Buckle shape: A (From NSCP)
KLx/rx = 50.00 mm
Buckle shape: D (From NSCP)
KLy/ry = 135.77 mm

38
Check for compression
L/r = 135.770
C = 125.664
125.664 < 135.770 Use Fe
FS = 0
Fa = 0
Fe = 55.870 kN
P = 159.228 kN
159.228 > 61.622 OK

31.5 Design of horizontal member LL

Try, W150x22 mm
Section properties:
d = 152.00 mm
b = 152.00 mm
tf = 6.60 mm
tw = 5.80 mm
A = 2850.00 mm2
Ix = 1.19E+07 mm4
Iy = 3.87E+06 mm4
rx = 65.00 mm
ry = 36.83 m
Buckle shape: A (From NSCP)
KLx/rx = 50.00 mm
Buckle shape: D (From NSCP)
KLy/ry = 135.77 mm
Check for compression
L/r = 135.770
C = 125.664
125.664 < 135.770 Use Fe
FS = 0
Fa = 0
Fe = 55.870 kN
P = 159.228 kN
159.228 > 71.331 OK
31.5 Design of diagonal member IL=KL
Try, 70 x 70 x 8 mm
Section properties:
For one angle:
A = 1060.00 mm2
Ix = 475000.00 mm4
For two angles:
A = 2120.00 mm2
Ix = 950000.00 mm4
rx = 21.17 mm
Buckle shape: D (From NSCP)
KLx/rx = 145.53 mm

39
 Check tensile capacity based on gross area,
T = 159.00 kN
159.00 > 87.90 OK
Check tensile capacity based on effective net area,
Bolt : 20.00 mm
Number of bolts: 4.00
Ae = 657.00 mm2
T = 131.40 kN
131.40 > 87.90 OK

32.0 Analysis of Dead load on exterior truss:

Comments: It will be assumed that the load carried by the exterior frames is one-half of those in interior
frames and that the axial load carried by the end wall columns will be proportional to its tributary width.
The total dead load on exterior frame is: 16.45 kN

32.1 Axial dead load on end wall columns

Gridline A,G: P1 = 1.67
Gridline B,F: P2 = 3.35
Gridline C,E: P3 = 3.48
Gridline D: P4 = 3.61
From: 8.4
P1 = 1.98
P2 = 0.99
P3 = 2.58
32.2 Exterior truss dead load tresses
P3

P1 P1

P1
P1
P1 P1

P2

R1

x = 2.27 m
= 16.64 degrees
1 = 73.36 degrees
2 = 33.28 degrees
AB = -2.39 kN
BC = -1.82 kN
CD = -1.25 kN
DE = -5.47 kN

33.0 Analysis of live load on exterior truss:

40
 Comments: It will be assumed that the live carried by the exterior frames is one-half of those in interior
frames and that the axial load carried by the end wall columns will be proportional to its tributary width.
The total dead load on exterior frame is: 26.10 kN

33.1 Axial live load on end wall columns

Gridline A,G: P1 = 2.66
Gridline B,F: P2 = 5.31
Gridline C,E: P3 = 5.52
Gridline D: P4 = 5.72
From: 9.2
P1 = 3.26
P2 = 1.63
33.2 Exterior truss live load tresses
P1

P1 P1
P1
P1
P1 P1

P2

R1

x = 2.27 m
= 16.64 degrees
1 = 73.36 degrees
2 = 33.28 degrees
AB = -3.58 kN
BC = -2.65 kN
CD = -1.71 kN
DE = -7.23 kN

34.0 Analysis of wind load on exterior truss - CASE A:

UDL1 UDL3

UD UDL4
L2

41
UD
L2

Point of inflection: 2.40

UDL1 = 2.86 kN/m

UDL2 = 2.09 kN/m
UDL3 = 2.53 kN/m
UDL4 = 2.09 kN/m

34.1 Concentrated loads

P1 = 6.48 kN
P2 = 3.24 kN
P3 = 5.74 kN
P4 = 2.87 kN
34.2 Support reactions, column forces

Figure (A). FBD of buckling above inflection point.

X1: 3.54 m
X3: 3.82 m

P2 P2
P3 P3

P1 P1

Figure (B). Resultant wind forces on roof

P1: 7.43 P1: 6.58

P2: 24.85 P2: 22.01
P3: 25.94 P3: 22.97
V1 V1

H1 H2

C1
` `
C2
HJ

42
 C1
` `
C2
HJ HK

MJ
VJ VK

Figure (C&D). FBD of columns below inflection point

VA VT
HA HT

` ` C2
FAB FHI
C1
H1 H2

V1 V2

Figure (E&F). FBD of columns above inflection point.

: 0.00 degrees
NOTE: Assume that the intermediate column reactions are proportional to its tributary width.
VB = 5.06 kN
VC = 5.25 kN
VE = 5.14 kN
VG = 4.65 kN
VH = 4.48 kN
Figure (A):
H1=H2 = 4.59 kN
V2 = 7.18 kN
V1 = 15.09 kN
Figure (C):
HJ = 14.63 kN
VJ = 15.09 kN
MJ = 46.13 kN-m
Figure (D):
HK = 14.63 kN
VK = 7.18 kN
MK = 46.13 kN-m

34.3 Truss Forces P1

P1 P1

P1
P1
P1 P1

P2

43
 R1

= 16.64 degrees
1 = 73.36 degrees
2 = 33.28 degrees

Left: P (kN) Right: P (kN)

AB -63.56 AB 15.48
BC -63.56 BC 15.48
CD -92.63 CD 15.48
DE -92.63 DE 15.48

33.0 Analysis of wind load on exterior truss - CASE B:

UDL1 UDL3

UD UDL4
L2

Point of inflection: 2.40

UDL1 = 3.95 kN/m

UDL2 = 2.09 kN/m
UDL3 = 3.24 kN/m
UDL4 = 2.09 kN/m

34.1 Concentrated loads

P1 = 8.97 kN
P2 = 4.48 kN
P3 = 7.36 kN
P4 = 3.68 kN
34.2 Support reactions, column forces

44
 Figure (A). FBD of buckling above inflection point.

X1: 3.54 m
X3: 3.82 m

P2 P2
P3 P3

P1 P1

Figure (B). Resultant wind forces on roof

P1: 10.27 P1: 8.43

P2: 34.38 P2: 28.19
P3: 35.88 P3: 29.42
V1 V1

H1 H2

C1
` `
C2
HJ HK

MJ
VJ VK

Figure (C&D). FBD of columns below inflection point

VA VT
HA HT

` ` C2
FAB FHI
C1
H1 H2

V1 V2

Figure (E&F). FBD of columns above inflection point.

: 0.00 degrees
NOTE: Assume that the intermediate column reactions are proportional to its tributary width.

45
 VB = 7.00 kN
VC = 7.27 kN
VE = 6.86 kN
VG = 5.96 kN
VH = 5.74 kN
Figure (A):
H1=H2 = -0.92 kN
V2 = 10.39 kN
V1 = 19.36 kN
Figure (C):
HJ = -10.96 kN
VJ = 19.36 kN
MJ = -28.52 kN-m
Figure (D):
HK = 9.11 kN
VK = 10.39 kN
MK = 19.65 kN-m

34.3 Truss Forces P1

P1 P1

P1
P1
P1 P1

P2

R1

= 16.64 degrees
1 = 73.36 degrees
2 = 33.28 degrees

Left: P (kN) Right: P (kN)

AB -82.61 AB -48.58
BC -82.61 BC -48.58
CD -122.82 CD -48.58
DE -122.82 DE -48.58

36.0 Table on combination of stresses for exterior truss:

Member D L D+L Case A

kN kN kN Left Right
1 2 3 4 5a 5b
AB -2.39 -3.58 -5.97 -63.56 15.48

46
BC -1.82 -2.65 -4.47 -63.56 15.48
CD=DG -1.25 -1.71 -2.97 -92.63 15.48
DE -5.47 -7.23 -12.70 -92.63 15.48

37.0 Design for exterior truss members:

L Design Load Size

Member m C T Section: 2 angles
AB 2.27 -66.43 9.82 45 x 45 x 6 45.00
BC 2.27 -65.31 10.24 45 x 45 x 6 45.00
CD 2.27 -94.34 10.67 45 x 45 x 6 45.00
DE 2.27 -101.64 7.51 45 x 45 x 6 45.00

38.00 Design of End wall interior columns:

28.1 Wind Load - Case B
Tributary area of critical section:
Y: 7.20 m
Windward wall: 26.22 m2
Uniform load = 0.84 kN/m
Pressure = 21.93 kN/m2
Figure (F):
Uniform load = -0.73 kN/m
Pressure = -19.08 kN/m2
VA
HA Brace angle: = 0.00
` V (kN) M (kN-m)
FAB +R1 78.94 --
C1
+R2 78.94 --
H1 Midpoint -- 142.09
-V1 0.00 --
V1 -V2 0.00 --

38.2 Dead Loads

VA
HA

V (kN) M (kN-m)
FAB +R1 0.00 0.00
+R2 0.00 0.00
-R2 0.00 0.00
H1

V1

38.3 Live loads

VT
HT

FHI

47
FHI V (kN) M (kN-m)
+R1 0.00 0.00
+R2 0.00 0.00
H2 -R2 0.00 0.00

V2

38.4 Load combinations:

P = 26.15 kN
M = 106.57 kN-m
NOTE: Neglect opposite wind axial force.
38.5 Select trial section
Try, W310x202 mm
Section properties:
d = 341.00 mm
b = 315.00 mm
tf = 31.80 mm
tw = 20.10 mm
A = 25800.00 mm2
Ix = 5.16E+08 mm4
Iy = 1.66E+08 mm4
Sx = 3028028.68 mm3
Sy = 1052976.88 mm3
rx = 141.46 mm
ry = 80.18 mm
Lx = 2400.00 mm
Ly = 1000.00 mm
KLx/rx = 7.07 controls
KLy/ry = 12.47
38.6 Check section compactness
flange compactness: = 4.95
= 15.81
4.95 < 15.81
web compactness: = 13.80
= 41.74
13.80 < 41.74
38.7 Check adequacy for axial compression plus bending
Design loads:
P = 26.15
M = 106.57
C = 125.664
125.664 > 106.568 Use FS
FS = 1.908
Fa = 83.892 MPa
Fe = 0 kN
Fb = 150.00 MPa
fa = 1.01 MPa
fb = 35.19 MPa
fa/Fa = 0.01 MPa

48
 0.01 < 0.15 Use 505-2
Fe = 0.25 MPa
0.25 < 1.00 OK
38.8 Check adequacy for axial tension plus bending
Design loads:
P = 13.05 kN
M = 106.57 kN-m
Ft = 150.00 MPa
ft = 0.51 MPa
fb = 35.19 MPa
Check: ft + fb: = 35.70 MPa
35.70 < 150.00 OK
38.9 Check for shear
Design shear: V = 0.00 kN
Fv = 100.00 MPa
fv = 0.00 MPa
0.00 < 100.00 OK

39.0 Design of lateral bracing at interior bays:

NOTE: Lateral bracing at interior bays will be selected on the basis of minimum sizes and
controlling slenderness ratios.
39.1 Top chord brace "A"
L = 3.05 m
Try, 60 x 60 x 7 mm
Section properties:
rx = 12.10 mm
KLx/r = 252.20 OK
39.2 Bottom chord bracing "B"
Lx = 2.50 m
Ly = 5.00 m
Try, 70 x 70 x 6 mm
Section properties:
rx = 12.10 mm
ry = 21.30 mm
A = 1626.00 mm2
Iy = 738000.00 mm4
KLx/r = 206.61 OK
KLy/r = 234.69 OK
39.3 Design bottom chord brace "C"
L = 4.34 m
Try, 70 x 70 x 6 mm
Section properties:
rx = 15.20 mm
KLx/r = 285.25 OK
39.4 Design bottom chord brace "D"
L = 4.56 m
Try, 70 x 70 x 8 mm
Section properties:
rx = 19.70 mm
KLx/r = 231.53 OK

49
 39.5 Design bracing "E" in plane of column
L = 2.82 m
Try, 60 x 60 x 7 mm
Section properties:
rx = 12.10 mm
KLx/r = 232.88 OK
39.6 Design bracing "F" in plane of truss centerline
L = 2.82 m
Try, 60 x 60 x 7 mm
Section properties:
rx = 12.10 mm
KLx/r = 232.88 OK

40.00 Design of concrete pedestal:

The pedestal is subject to combined axial (tension or compression), shear, and bending moment
Design forces:
Uplift force. P = 10.107 kN
or 10.107 kN
Hor. Force, H = 5.225 kN
Bending moment= 3.406 kN-m
Trial section: 300.000 x 300.000
Bar diameter: 20.000 mm

Investigate trial section for axial compression plus bending:

Steel area, As = 2513.274 mm2
Gross area, Ag = 90000.000 mm2
Steel ratio, g = 0.028
Strength ratio, m = 15.462
Elasticity of concrete, Ec = 21538.106 MPa
Modular ratio, n = 9.286 say,
Effective depth, d = 235.000 mm
Balanced eccentricity, eb = 107.935 mm
Eccentricity, e = 336.994
336.994 > 107.935 (tension controls)
Moment of interia, I = 1.26E+09 mm4
Section modulus, S = 6.32E+06 mm3
Actual axial stress, fa = 0.112 MPa
Actual bending stress, fb = 0.001 MPa
Allowable axial stress, Fa = 10.223 MPa

Allowable bending stress, Fb = 9.450 MPa

critera for adequacy: _
/
_ = 0.011
+_ 0.011 < 1.000 OK
/
_
Investigate trial section for axial tension plus bending:
Allowable tensile stress, fts = 2.291 MPa
Actual tensile stress, ft = 0.112 MPa
0.112 < 2.291 MPa
Tensile stress in steel due to direct axial, fs1

50
 = 4.022 MPa
Tensile stress in steel due to bending, fs2
= 24.460 MPa
Total tensile stress, fs = 28.482 MPa
Allowable tensile stress in steel = 138.000 MPa
138.000 > 28.482 OK

Design of anchor bolts:

NOTE: Anchor bolts are subjected to combined shear and tension

Number of bolts: 4.000

Bolt diameter, mm: 20.000
Tension force in each bolt, T = 2.527 kN
Shear force in each bolt, T = 1.306 kN
Area of bolts, Ab = 314.159 mm2
Shear stress in each bolt, fv = 4.158 MPa
4.158 < 145.000 MPa
Tensile stress in each bolt, fs = 8.043
AISC allowable tension stress: A307
= 179.000
Ft = 171.515 MPa
171.515 > 8.043 OK
Embedment length of anchor bolts:
allowable bond stress, ua = 1.652 MPa
use, 1.10 MPa
use 1.10 MPa max
embedment length, Le = 36.560 mm

51
brace has zero stress

m to 3.6 m at an

52
 (Suction)

d combinations will not

N/m
N/m

MPa
mm3

mm4
mm3
mm3

MPa
MPa

MPa
MPa

53
spans

(Suction)

N
N

N
N

N-m
N-m

mm

54
mm
mm
mm
mm4
mm4
mm3
mm3

MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa

OK

mm
mm
mm
mm
OK

mm2
kg
OK

N
mm

Pa
Pa
Pa

Pa
Pa

N/m
N/m

N/m
N/m

N/m
N/m

55
 m

N
N
N
N
N

N
N
N
N
N

N-m
N-m

mm3
mm3

mm4
mm4
mm3
mm3

MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa

OK

N/m
m
MPa
MPa
mm
mm
OK
Pa
OK

mediate girts

56
Pa
Pa
Pa

N/m
N/m

N/m
N/m

N/m
N/m

spans
N
N
N
N

N-m

N-m
N-m

mm3

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm4
mm4
mm3
mm3
OK

MPa
OK

57
 MPa
MPa

OK

mm
mm
mm
mm
OK

OK

N
mm

ter vertical sag rods.

Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa

m2
Pa

kN
kN
kN

m
kN
kN
kN

58
1

P2

R1

kN
kN

P2

R1

59
60
61
1

P2

R1

62
63
1

P2

R1

64
Case B .75 (D+L+W) .75 (D+W) Combined stresses
Left Right Max Min Max Min Max Min
6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a 9b
-35.07 -6.64 -124.01 11.46 -64.19 71.28 -130.28 71.28
-35.07 -6.64 -121.76 13.71 -63.34 72.13 -127.28 72.13
23.74 -6.64 -98.18 12.42 -41.17 69.44 -124.28 69.44
23.74 -6.64 -95.93 14.68 -40.32 70.29 -121.27 70.29

kN
N/m
N
N-m

kN
N/m
N
N-m

mm2
mm4
mm4
mm

mm2
mm4
mm4
mm
m

mm

mm

Use FS

MPa
kN
MPa

MPa
MPa
MPa
Use 508-2

65
MPa
OK

MPa
MPa
MPa

OK

degrees
P (kN)
47.89
0.00
0.00
47.89

degrees
P (kN)
45.83
0.00
0.00
45.83

66
degrees
P (kN)
-12.85
0.00
0.00
-12.85

degrees
P (kN)
-0.80
0.00
0.00
-0.80

P (kN)
34.42
25.69
25.69

P (kN)
26.10
0.00
26.10

67
0.75 (D+L+W) 0.75 (D+W)W 0.75 x W
kN kN kN-m kN-m
55.49 35.92 0.00 0.00
29.68 10.11 4.54 3.41
53.95 34.37 0.00 0.00
28.13 8.56 -16.75 -12.56

0.75 (D+L+W) 0.75 (D+W)W 0.75 x W

kN kN kN-m kN-m
9.94 -9.64 0.00 0.00
-15.87 -35.45 -7.48 -5.61
18.98 -0.60 0.00 0.00
-6.84 -26.41 37.35 28.01

OK

OK

68
 0.75 x W
kN
5.23
-4.44

d tension

kN
kN
mm2
MPa
MPa

MPa
OK

69
 MPa
MPa
max
mm

MPa
kN-m
MPa

MPa
OK

kN
MPa
MPa
OK

mm
mm
MPa
MPa
mm2
mm
mm
mm
OK

mm
MPa
OK

N-m
mm

mm
N-m
mm
mm

kN-mm

kN-mm

mm
mm

70
kN
mm
mm

OK

Pa
Pa
Pa

Pa
Pa

N/m
N/m

N/m
N/m

N/m
N/m

N-m
N
N
N

N-m
N
N
N

N-m
N-m

71
mm3
mm3

mm4
mm4
mm3
mm3

MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa

OK

N/m
m
MPa
MPa
mm
mm
OK
Pa
OK

Pa
Pa
Pa

N/m
N/m

N/m
N/m

N/m
N/m

spans
N
N

72
 N-m

N-m
N-m

mm3

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm4
mm4
mm3
mm3

MPa
OK
MPa
MPa

OK

mm
mm
mm
OK

OK

N
mm

ter vertical sag rods.

73
 F G

f g

section

2Ls
2Ls
2Ls
2Ls
2Ls
2Ls

74
mm2
mm4
mm

mm2
mm4
mm

mm

kN
OK

mm2
kN
OK

mm2
mm4
mm

mm2
mm4
mm

mm

Use FS

MPa
kN
kN
OK

mm2

75
 mm4
mm

mm
OK

section

76
 1L
1L
--
--

mm2
mm4
mm

mm

kN
OK

mm2
kN
OK

ression forces in the

kN/m
m
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m

kN/m
m
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
I2
P1

L2

77
 L2
P2

P3

2K

Section

WF
WF
2Ls
2Ls

78
79
alf of those in interior
to its tributary width.

kN
kN
kN
kN

kN
kN
kN

P2

R1

80
 lf of those in interior
to its tributary width.

kN
kN
kN
kN

kN
kN

P2

R1

81
82
butary width.

P2

83
R1

84
butary width.

85
1

P2

R1

Case B 0.75(D+L+W) 0.75(D+W) Combined stresses

Left Right Max Min Max Min Max Min
6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a 9b
-82.61 -48.58 -66.43 7.13 -63.75 9.82 -66.43 9.82

86
 -82.61 -48.58 -65.31 8.26 -63.32 10.24 -65.31 10.24
-122.82 -48.58 -94.34 9.39 -93.06 10.67 -94.34 10.67
-122.82 -48.58 -101.64 2.08 -96.22 7.51 -101.64 7.51

Design Capacity Max

r C T KL/r
45.00 6.00 13.40 125.14 96.00 55.06 OK!
45.00 6.00 13.40 125.14 96.00 55.06 OK!
45.00 6.00 13.40 125.14 96.00 55.06 OK!
45.00 6.00 13.40 125.14 96.00 55.06 OK!

degrees
P (kN)
--
--
--
--
--

P (kN)
26.19
17.47
17.47

87
P (kN)
13.05
0.00
13.05

OK

OK

88
89
nding moment

mm

9.000

rols)

90
91
 AB = 0.00 kN
BC = 0.00 kN
CD = 0.00 kN
Bb = 0.00 kN
Bc = 0.00 kN
Cc = 0.00 kN
Ce = 0.00 kN
ef = 0.00 kN
ed = 0.00 kN
ec = 0.00 kN

AB = 0.00 kN
BC = 0.00 kN
CD = 0.00 kN
Bb = 0.00 kN
Bc = 0.00 kN
Cc = 0.00 kN
Ce = 0.00 kN
ef = 0.00 kN
ed = 0.00 kN
ec = 0.00 kN

AB 0.00 AB 0.00
BC 0.00 BC 0.00
CD 0.00 CD 0.00
Bb 0.00 Bb 0.00
Bc 0.00 Bc 0.00
Cc 0.00 Cc 0.00
Ce 0.00 Ce 0.00
ef 0.00 ef 0.00
ed 0.00 ed 0.00
ec 0.00 ec 0.00

Figure (E):
Fab = 0.00 kN
Ha = -0.95 kN
Va = 47.89 kN
Figure (F):
FHI = 0.00 kN
HI = -1.37 kN
VI = 45.83 kN

Figure (E):
Fab = 0.00 kN
Ha = -7.78 kN
Va = -12.85 kN-m
Figure (F):

92
 FHI = 0.00 kN
HI = -1.56 kN
VI = -0.80 kN

AB 0.00 AB 0.00
BC 0.00 BC 0.00
CD 0.00 CD 0.00
Bb 0.00 Bb 0.00
Bc 0.00 Bc 0.00
Cc 0.00 Cc 0.00
Ce 0.00 Ce 0.00
ef 0.00 ef 0.00
ed 0.00 ed 0.00
ec 0.00 ec 0.00

AB 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

BC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CD=DG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Bb=ed 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cc 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Bc 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ce 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ce 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ef 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Df 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ab=hi 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

14.0 Design of bottom chord member AB-BC:

14.1 Select trial section
Try, NONE mm
Section properties:
For one angle:
A = 0.00
Ix = 0.00
Iy = 0.00
x = 0.00
For two angles:
A = 0.00
Ix = 0.00E+00
Iy = 0.00E+00
rx = #DIV/0!
ry = #DIV/0!
Buckle shape: A (From NSCP)
KLx/rx = #DIV/0!
Buckle shape: D (From NSCP)
KLy/ry = #DIV/0!
14.2 Check for compression

93
 L/r = #DIV/0!
C = 125.664
125.664 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
FS = #DIV/0!
Fa = #DIV/0!
Fe = #DIV/0!
P = #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.000
14.3 Check for tension
Check tensile capacity based on gross area,
T = 0.00
0.00 < 0.00
Check tensile capacity based on effecive net area,
Bolt : 20.00 mm
Number of bolts: 4.00
Ae = -138.00
T = -27.60
-27.60 < 0.00

15.0 Design of bottom chord member CD:DG:

15.1 Select trial section
Try, NONE mm
Section properties:
For one angle:
A = 0.00
Ix = 0.00
Iy = 0.00
x = 0.00
For two angles:
A = 0.00
Ix = 0.00E+00
Iy = 0.00E+00
rx = #DIV/0!
ry = #DIV/0!
Buckle shape: A (From NSCP)
KLx/rx = #DIV/0!
Buckle shape: D (From NSCP)
KLy/ry = #DIV/0!
15.2 Check for compression
L/r = #DIV/0!
C = 125.664
125.664 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
FS = #DIV/0!
Fa = #DIV/0!
Fe = #DIV/0!
P = #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.000

94
 15.3 Check for tension
Check tensile capacity based on gross area,
T = 0.00
0.00 < 0.00
Check tensile capacity based on effecive net area,
Bolt : 20.00 mm
Number of bolts: 6.00
Ae = -207.00
T = -41.40
-41.40 < 0.00

16.0 Design of web member Bb = ed:

16.1 Select trial section
Try, NONE mm
Lu 1.25 m
Section properties:
For one angle:
A = 0.00
Ix = 0.00
Iy = 0.00
x = 0.00
For two angles:
A = 0.00
Ix = 0.00E+00
Iy = 0.00E+00
rx = #DIV/0!
ry = #DIV/0!
Buckle shape: A (From NSCP)
KLx/rx = #DIV/0!
Buckle shape: D (From NSCP)
KLy/ry = #DIV/0!
16.2 Check for compression
L/r = #DIV/0!
C = 125.664
125.664 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
FS = #DIV/0!
Fa = #DIV/0!
Fe = #DIV/0!
P = #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.000
16.3 Check for tension
Check tensile capacity based on gross area,
T = 0.00
0.00 < 0.00
Check tensile capacity based on effecive net area,
Bolt : 20.00 mm
Number of bolts: 4.00

95
 Ae = -138.00
T = -27.60
-27.60 < 0.00

17.0 Design of web member Cc:

17.1 Select trial section
Try, NONE mm
Lu 2.50 m
Section properties:
For one angle:
A = 0.00
Ix = 0.00
Iy = 0.00
x = 0.00
For two angles:
A = 0.00
Ix = 0.00E+00
Iy = 0.00E+00
rx = #DIV/0!
ry = #DIV/0!
Buckle shape: A (From NSCP)
KLx/rx = #DIV/0!
Buckle shape: D (From NSCP)
KLy/ry = #DIV/0!
17.2 Check for compression
L/r = #DIV/0!
C = 125.664
125.664 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
FS = #DIV/0!
Fa = #DIV/0!
Fe = #DIV/0!
P = #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.000
17.3 Check for tension
Check tensile capacity based on gross area,
T = 0.00
0.00 < 0.00
Check tensile capacity based on effecive net area,
Bolt : 20.00 mm
Number of bolts: 4.00
Ae = -138.00
T = -27.60
-27.60 < 0.00

18.0 Design of web member Bc:

18.1 Select trial section
Try, NONE mm

96
 Lu 2.07 m
Section properties:
For one angle:
A = 0.00
Ix = 0.00
Iy = 0.00
x = 0.00
For two angles:
A = 0.00
Ix = 0.00E+00
Iy = 0.00E+00
rx = #DIV/0!
ry = #DIV/0!
Buckle shape: A (From NSCP)
KLx/rx = #DIV/0!
Buckle shape: D (From NSCP)
KLy/ry = #DIV/0!
18.2 Check for compression
L/r = #DIV/0!
C = 125.664
125.664 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
FS = #DIV/0!
Fa = #DIV/0!
Fe = #DIV/0!
P = #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.000
18.3 Check for tension
Check tensile capacity based on gross area,
T = 0.00
0.00 < 0.00
Check tensile capacity based on effecive net area,
Bolt : 20.00 mm
Number of bolts: 4.00
Ae = -138.00
T = -27.60
-27.60 < 0.00

19.0 Design of web member ce:

19.1 Select trial section
Try, NONE mm
Lu 3.81 m
Section properties:
For one angle:
A = 0.00
Ix = 0.00
Iy = 0.00
x = 0.00

97
 For two angles:
A = 0.00
Ix = 0.00E+00
Iy = 0.00E+00
rx = #DIV/0!
ry = #DIV/0!
Buckle shape: A (From NSCP)
KLx/rx = #DIV/0!
Buckle shape: D (From NSCP)
KLy/ry = #DIV/0!
19.2 Check for compression
L/r = #DIV/0!
C = 125.664
125.664 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
FS = #DIV/0!
Fa = #DIV/0!
Fe = #DIV/0!
P = #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.000
19.3 Check for tension
Check tensile capacity based on gross area,
T = 0.00
0.00 < 0.00
Check tensile capacity based on effecive net area,
Bolt : 20.00 mm
Number of bolts: 4.00
Ae = -138.00
T = -27.60
-27.60 < 0.00

20.0 Design of web member Ce=ef:

20.1 Select trial section
Try, NONE mm
Lu 2.27 m
Section properties:
For one angle:
A = 0.00
Ix = 0.00
Iy = 0.00
x = 0.00
For two angles:
A = 0.00
Ix = 0.00E+00
Iy = 0.00E+00
rx = #DIV/0!
ry = #DIV/0!
Buckle shape: A (From NSCP)

98
 KLx/rx = #DIV/0!
Buckle shape: D (From NSCP)
KLy/ry = #DIV/0!
20.2 Check for compression
L/r = #DIV/0!
C = 125.664
125.664 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
FS = #DIV/0!
Fa = #DIV/0!
Fe = #DIV/0!
P = #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.000
20.3 Check for tension
Check tensile capacity based on gross area,
T = 0.00
0.00 < 0.00
Check tensile capacity based on effecive net area,
Bolt : 20.00 mm
Number of bolts: 4.00
Ae = -138.00
T = -27.60
-27.60 < 0.00

21.0 Design of web member Df:

21.1 Select trial section
Try, NONE mm
Lu 3.10 m
Section properties:
For one angle:
A = 0.00
Ix = 0.00
Iy = 0.00
x = 0.00
For two angles:
A = 0.00
Ix = 0.00E+00
Iy = 0.00E+00
rx = #DIV/0!
ry = #DIV/0!
Buckle shape: A (From NSCP)
KLx/rx = #DIV/0!
Buckle shape: D (From NSCP)
KLy/ry = #DIV/0!

22.0 Design of knee brace:

22.1 Select trial section
Try, NONE mm

99
 Lu 4.34 m
Section properties:
For one angle:
A = 0.00
Ix = 0.00
Iy = 0.00
x = 0.00
For two angles:
A = 0.00
Ix = 0.00E+00
Iy = 0.00E+00
rx = #DIV/0!
ry = #DIV/0!
Buckle shape: A (From NSCP)
KLx/rx = #DIV/0!
Buckle shape: D (From NSCP)
KLy/ry = #DIV/0!
22.2 Check for compression
L/r = #DIV/0!
C = 125.664
125.664 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
FS = #DIV/0!
Fa = #DIV/0!
Fe = #DIV/0!
P = #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.000
22.3 Check for tension
Check tensile capacity based on gross area,
T = 0.00
0.00 < 0.00
Check tensile capacity based on effective net area,
Bolt : 20.00 mm
Number of bolts: 4.00
Ae = -138.00
T = -27.60
-27.60 < 0.00

25.00 Knee brace to column connection:

25.1 Design connection for connection
Thickness of knee brace: = #N/A
= 0.00
Ph = 0.00
Pv = 0.00
Fillet welds thickness = 6.00
q = 618.00
Vetical component to be resisted by welds, Lw
= 0.00

100
 Horizontal component transferred by bearing, Lb
= #N/A
try, 20.00
25.2 Check welded connection for combined shear and tension
Unsupported length of knee brace: = 4.34
Ph = 0.00
Pv = 0.00
qh = 0.00
qv = 0.00
qr = 0.00
0.00 < 618.00

AB = 0.00 kN
BC = 0.00 kN
CD = 0.00 kN
Bb = 0.00 kN
Bc = 0.00 kN
Cc = 0.00 kN
Ce = 0.00 kN
ef = 0.00 kN
ed = 0.00 kN
ec = 0.00 kN

AB = 0.00 kN
BC = 0.00 kN
CD = 0.00 kN
Bb = 0.00 kN
Bc = 0.00 kN
Cc = 0.00 kN
Ce = 0.00 kN
ef = 0.00 kN
ed = 0.00 kN
ec = 0.00 kN

Figure (E):
Fab = 0.00 kN
Ha = 0.00 kN
Va = 15.09 kN
Figure (F):
FHI = 0.00 kN
HI = 0.00 kN
VI = 7.18 kN

AB 0.00 AB 0.00
BC 0.00 BC 0.00
CD 0.00 CD 0.00
Bb 0.00 Bb 0.00

101
 Bc 0.00 Bc 0.00
Cc 0.00 Cc 0.00
Ce 0.00 Ce 0.00
ef 0.00 ef 0.00
ed 0.00 ed 0.00
ec 0.00 ec 0.00

Figure (E):
Fab = 0.00 kN
Ha = 0.00 kN
Va = 19.36 kN
Figure (F):
FHI = 0.00 kN
HI = 0.00 kN
VI = 10.39 kN

AB 0.00 AB 0.00
BC 0.00 BC 0.00
CD 0.00 CD 0.00
Bb 0.00 Bb 0.00
Bc 0.00 Bc 0.00
Cc 0.00 Cc 0.00
Ce 0.00 Ce 0.00
ef 0.00 ef 0.00
ed 0.00 ed 0.00
ec 0.00 ec 0.00

AB 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

BC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CD=DG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Bb=ed 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cc 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Bc 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ce 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ce 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ef 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Df 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ab=hi 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

AB 3.54 0.00 0.00 70 x 70 x 6 70.00

BC 3.54 0.00 0.00 70 x 70 x 6 70.00
CD=DG 3.82 0.00 0.00 90 x 90 x 6 90.00
Bb=ed 1.25 0.00 0.00 30 x 30 x 6 40.00
Cc 2.50 0.00 0.00 45 x 45 x 6 45.00
Bc 2.07 0.00 0.00 50 x 50 x 7 50.00
ce 3.81 0.00 0.00 70 x 70 x 6 70.00
Ce 2.27 0.00 0.00 45 x 45 x 6 45.00

102
 ef 2.27 0.00 0.00 50 x 50 x 7 50.00
Df 3.10 0.00 0.00 60 x 60 x 5 60.00
ab=hi 4.34 0.00 0.00 90 x 90 x 6 90.00

103
104
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

mm2
mm4
mm4
mm

mm2
mm4
mm4
mm
m

mm

mm

105
#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
kN
kN
#DIV/0!

kN
REVISE

mm2
kN
REVISE

mm2
mm4
mm4
mm

mm2
mm4
mm4
mm
m

mm

mm

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
kN
kN
#DIV/0!

106
 kN
REVISE

mm2
kN
REVISE

mm2
mm4
mm4
mm

mm2
mm4
mm4
mm
m

mm

mm

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
kN
kN
#DIV/0!

kN
REVISE

107
 mm2
kN
REVISE

mm2
mm4
mm4
mm

mm2
mm4
mm4
mm
m

mm

mm

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
kN
kN
#DIV/0!

kN
REVISE

mm2
kN
REVISE

108
 mm2
mm4
mm4
mm

mm2
mm4
mm4
mm
m

mm

mm

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
kN
kN
#DIV/0!

kN
REVISE

mm2
kN
REVISE

mm2
mm4
mm4
mm

109
 mm2
mm4
mm4
mm
m

mm

mm

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
kN
kN
#DIV/0!

kN
REVISE

mm2
kN
REVISE

mm2
mm4
mm4
mm

mm2
mm4
mm4
mm
m

110
 mm

mm

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
kN
kN
#DIV/0!

kN
REVISE

mm2
kN
REVISE

mm2
mm4
mm4
mm

mm2
mm4
mm4
mm
m

mm

mm

111
 mm2
mm4
mm4
mm

mm2
mm4
mm4
mm
m

mm

mm

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
kN
kN
#DIV/0!

kN
REVISE

mm2
kN
REVISE

mm
degrees
kN
kN
mm
N/m

mm

112
 mm
mm weld length

m
kN
kN
kN
kN
kN
OK

113
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

70.00 6.00 21.30 132.61 186.00 108.10 OK!

70.00 6.00 21.30 132.61 186.00 108.10 OK!
90.00 6.00 27.60 205.69 258.00 89.85 OK!
40.00 6.00 8.80 85.69 78.00 92.26 OK!
45.00 6.00 13.40 70.37 96.00 121.17 OK!
50.00 7.00 14.80 127.01 140.10 91.00 OK!
70.00 6.00 21.30 120.09 186.00 116.27 OK!
45.00 6.00 13.40 81.14 96.00 110.21 OK!

114
50.00 7.00 14.80 117.19 140.10 99.78 OK!
60.00 5.00 18.20 92.02 117.30 110.71 OK!
90.00 6.00 27.60 183.43 258.00 102.21 OK!

115
 C of G Moment Of Inertia
axaxt M r1 r2 A
Cx, Cy X-X, Y-Y U-U
mm kg mm mm mm2 cm cm4 cm4
25 x 25 x 3 1.11 3,5 2,4 142 0.72 0.8 1.26
25 x 25 x 4 1.45 3,5 2,4 185 0.76 1.01 1.6
25 x 25 x 5 1.77 3,5 2,4 226 0.8 1.2 1.87
30 x 30 x 4 1.36 5,0 2,4 174 0.84 1.4 2.23
30 x 30 x 5 1.78 5,0 2,4 227 0.88 1.8 2.85
30 x 30 x 6 2.18 5,0 2,4 278 0.92 2.16 3.41
40 x 40 x 4 2.42 6,0 2,4 308 1.12 4.47 7.09
40 x 40 x 5 2.97 6,0 2,4 379 1.16 5.43 8.6
40 x 40 x 6 3.52 6,0 2,4 448 1.2 6.31 9.98
45 x 45 x 4 2.74 7,0 2,4 349 1.23 6.43 10.2
45 x 45 x 5 3.38 7,0 2,4 430 1.28 7.84 12.4
45 x 45 x 6 4 7,0 2,4 509 1.32 9.16 14.5
50 x 50 x 5 3.77 7,0 2,4 480 1.4 11 17.4
50 x 50 x 6 4.47 7,0 2,4 569 1.45 12.8 20.4
50 x 50 x 7 5.82 7,0 2,4 741 1.52 16.3 25.7
60 x 60 x 5 4.57 8,0 2,4 582 1.64 19.4 30.7
60 x 60 x 6 5.42 8,0 2,4 691 1.69 22.8 36.2
60 x 60 x 7 7.09 8,0 2,4 903 1.77 29.2 46.2
60 x 60 x 10 8.69 8,0 2,4 1110 1.85 34.9 55.1
70 x 70 x 6 6.38 9,0 2,4 813 1.93 36.9 58.5
70 x 70 x 8 8.36 9,0 2,4 1060 2.01 47.5 75.3
70 x 70 x 10 10.3 9,0 2,4 1310 2.09 57.2 90.5
80 x 80 x 6 7.34 10,0 4,8 935 2.17 55.8 88.5
80 x 80 x 8 9.63 10,0 4,8 1230 2.26 72.2 115
80 x 80 x 10 11.9 10,0 4,8 1510 2.34 87.5 139
90 x 90 x 6 8.3 11,0 4,8 1060 2.41 80.3 127
90 x 90 x 8 10.9 11,0 4,8 1390 2.5 104 166
90 x 90 x 10 13.4 11,0 4,8 1710 2.58 127 201
90 x 90 x 12 15.9 11,0 4,8 2030 2.66 148 234
100x100x8 12.2 12,0 4,8 1550 2.74 145 230
100x100x12 17.8 12,0 4,8 2270 2.9 207 328
100x100x15 21.9 12,0 4,8 2790 3.02 249 393
120x120x8 14.7 13,0 4,8 1870 3.23 255 405
120x120x10 18.2 13,0 4,8 2320 3.31 313 497
120x120x12 21.6 13,0 4,8 2750 3.4 368 584
120x120x15 26.6 13,0 4,8 3390 3.51 445 705
150x150x10 23 16,0 4,8 2930 4.03 624 991
150x150x12 27.3 16,0 4,8 3480 4.12 737 1170
150x150x15 33.8 16,0 4,8 4300 4.25 898 1430
150x150x18 40.1 16,0 4,8 5100 4.37 1050 1670
200x200x16 48.5 18,0 4,8 6180 5.52 2340 3720
200x200x18 54.2 18,0 4,8 6910 5.6 2600 4130
200x200x20 59.9 18,0 4,8 7630 5.68 2850 4530
200x200x24 71.1 18,0 4,8 9060 5.84 3330 5280
NONE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

116
nertia Radius Of Gyration Z AISC Bolts:
A
V-V X-X, Y-Y U-U V-V X-X, Y-Y
cm4 mm cm cm cm3 cm2 cm
0.33 7.5 0.94 0.48 0.45 1.42 0.75 A307
0.43 7.4 0.93 0.48 0.58 1.85 0.74 A325
0.52 7.3 0.91 0.48 0.71 2.26 0.73
0.58 9 1.13 `0.58 0.65 1.74 0.9
0.75 8.9 1.12 0.58 0.85 2.27 0.89
0.92 8.8 1.11 0.57 1.04 2.78 0.88
1.85 12.1 1.52 0.78 1.55 3.08 1.21
2.26 12 1.51 0.77 1.91 3.79 1.2
2.65 11.9 1.49 0.77 2.26 4.48 1.19
2.67 13.6 1.71 0.87 1.97 3.49 1.36
3.25 13.5 1.7 0.87 2.43 4.3 1.35
3.82 13.4 1.69 0.87 2.88 5.09 1.34
4.54 15.1 1.9 0.97 3.05 4.8 1.51
5.33 15 1.89 0.97 3.61 5.69 1.5
6.87 14.8 1.86 0.96 4.68 7.41 1.48
8.02 18.2 2.3 1.17 4.45 5.82 1.82
9.43 18.2 2.29 1.17 5.29 6.91 1.82
12.1 18 2.26 1.16 6..89 9.03 1.8
14.8 17.8 2.23 1.16 8.41 11.1 1.78
15.2 21.3 2.68 1.37 7.27 8.13 2.13
19.7 21.1 2.66 1.36 9.52 10.6 2.11
23.9 20.9 2.63 1.35 11.7 13.1 2.09
23.1 24.4 3.08 1.57 9.57 9.35 2.44
29.8 24.3 3.06 1.56 12.6 12.3 2.43
36.3 24.1 3.03 1.55 15.4 15.1 2.41
33.3 27.6 3.47 1.78 12.2 10.6 2.76
43.1 27.4 3.45 1.76 16.1 13.9 2.74
52.6 27.2 3.42 1.76 19.8 17.1 2.72
61.7 27 3.4 1.75 23.3 20.3 2.7
59.8 30.6 3.85 1.96 19.9 15.5 3.06
85.7 30.2 3.8 1.94 29.1 22.7 3.02
104 29.8 3.75 1.93 35.6 27.9 2.98
105 36.9 4.65 2.37 29.1 18.7 3.69
129 36.7 4.63 2.36 36 23.2 3.67
151 36.5 4.6 2.35 42.7 27.5 3.65
185 36.2 4.56 2.33 52.4 33.9 3.62
258 46.2 5.82 2.97 56.9 29.3 4.62
303 46 5.8 2.95 67.7 34.8 4.6
370 45.7 5.76 2.93 83.5 43 4.57
435 45.4 5.71 2.92 98.7 51 4.54
959 61.6 7.76 3.94 162 61.8 6.16
1070 61.3 7.73 3.93 181 69.1 6.13
1170 61.1 7.7 3.92 199 76.3 6.11
1380 60.6 7.64 3.9 235 90.6 6.06
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

117
C Bolts: Bearing plate: w t

mm mm
179 25 25 3
380 25 25 4
25 25 5
30 30 4
30 30 5
30 40 6
40 40 4
40 40 5
40 40 6
45 45 4
45 45 5
45 45 6
50 50 5
50 50 6
50 50 7
60 60 5
60 60 6
60 60 7
60 60 10
70 70 6
70 70 8
70 70 10
80 80 6
80 80 8
80 80 10
90 90 6
90 90 8
90 90 10
90 90 12
100 100 8
100 100 12
100 100 15
120 120 8
120 120 10
120 120 12
120 120 15
150 150 10
150 150 12
150 150 15
150 150 18
200 200 16
200 200 18
200 200 20
200 200 24
0 0 0 0 0

118
 Dimensions Center of gravity Moment of inertia
Mass Area
HxAxC t Cx Cy Ix Iy
mm mm kg/m cm 2
cm cm cm 4
cm4
250x75x25x4.5 4.5 14.9 18.92 0 2.07 1690 129
250x75x25x4 4 13.3 16.95 0 2.07 1520 118
250x75x20x4.5 4.5 14.5 18.47 0 1.95 1640 117
250x75x25x4 4 13 16.55 0 1.95 1480 107
200x75x25x4.5 4.5 13.1 16.67 0 2.32 990 121
200x75x25x4 4 11.7 14.95 0 2.32 895 110
200x75x25x3.2 3.2 9.52 12.13 0 2.33 736 92.3
200x75x20x4.5 4.5 12.7 16.22 0 2.19 963 109
200x75x20x4 4 11.4 14.55 0 2.19 871 100
200x75x20x3.2 3.2 9.27 11.81 0 2.19 716 84.1
175x50x20x3.2 3.2 7.38 9.407 0 1.43 406 29.7
175x50x20x2.3 2.3 5.41 6.897 0 1.43 304 23
150x75x25x4.5 4.5 11.3 14.42 0 2.65 501 109
150x75x25x4 4 10.2 12.92 0 2.65 455 99.8
150x75x25x3.2 3.2 8.27 10.53 0 2.66 375 83.6
150x75x20x4.5 4.5 11 13.97 0 2.5 489 99.2
150x75x20x4 4 9.85 12.55 0 2.51 444 90.9
150x75x20x3.2 3.2 8.01 10.21 0 2.51 366 76.4
150x75x20x2.3 2.3 5.87 7.472 0 2.52 273 57.9
150x65x20x4.5 4.5 10.3 13.07 0 2.1 441 69.2
150x65x20x4 4 9.22 11.75 0 2.11 401 63.7
150x65x20x3.2 3.2 7.51 9.567 0 2.11 332 53.8
150x65x20x2.3 2.3 5.5 7.012 0 2.12 248 41.1
150x50x20x4.5 4.5 9.2 11.72 0 1.54 368 35.7
150x50x20x4 4 8.28 10.55 0 1.54 337 33.1
150x50x20x3.2 3.2 6.76 8.607 0 1.54 280 28.3
150x50x20x2.3 2.3 4.96 6.322 0 1.55 210 21.9
125x50x20x4.5 4.5 8.32 10.59 0 1.68 238 33.5
125x50x20x4 4 7.5 9.548 0 1.68 217 31.1
125x50x20x3.2 3.2 6.13 7.807 0 1.68 181 26.6
125x50x20x2.3 2.3 4.51 5.747 0 1.69 137 20.6
120x60x25x3.2 3.2 6.76 8.607 0 2.26 191 45.2
120x60x25x2.3 2.3 4.96 6.322 0 2.27 143 34.5
120x60x20x4.5 4.5 8.85 11.27 0 2.11 245 52.2
120x60x20x4 4 7.97 10.15 0 2.12 224 48.2
120x60x20x3.2 3.2 6.51 8.287 0 2.12 186 40.9
120x60x20x2.3 2.3 4.78 6.092 0 2.13 140 31.3
100x50x20x3.2 3.2 5.5 7.007 0 1.86 107 24.5
100x50x20x2.3 2.3 4.06 5.172 0 1.86 80.7 19
100x50x20x1.6 1.6 2.88 3.672 0 1.87 58.4 14

119
75x45x15x2.3 2.3 3.25 4.137 0 1.72 37.1 11.8
75x45x15x1.6 1.6 2.32 2.952 0 1.72 27.1 8.71
60x30x10x2.3 2.3 2.25 2.872 0 1.06 15.6 3.32
60x30x10x1.6 1.6 1.63 2.072 0 1.06 11.6 2.56

120
Radius of gyration Elastic section modulus Shear center
ix iy Zx Zy Sx Sy
cm cm cm 3
cm 3
cm cm
9.44 2.62 135 23.8 5.1 0
9.48 2.64 122 21.8 5.2 0
9.42 2.52 131 21 4.9 0
9.46 2.54 118 19.3 4.8 0
7.71 2.69 99 23.3 5.6 0
7.74 2.72 89.5 21.3 5.7 0
7.79 2.76 73.6 17.8 5.7 0
7.71 2.6 96.3 20.6 5.3 0
7.74 2.62 87.1 18.9 5.3 0
7.79 2.67 71.6 15.8 5.4 0
6.57 1.78 46.4 8.31 3.6 0
6.64 1.82 34.7 6.43 3.6 0
5.9 2.75 66.9 22.5 6.3 0
5.93 2.78 60.6 20.6 6.3 0
5.97 2.82 50 17.3 6.4 0
5.92 2.66 65.2 19.8 6 0
5.95 2.69 59.2 18.2 6 0
5.99 2.74 48.9 15.3 6.1 0
6.04 2.78 36.4 11.6 6.1 0
5.81 2.3 58.8 15.7 5.1 0
5.84 2.33 53.5 14.5 5.1 0
5.89 2.37 44.3 12.2 5.1 0
5.94 2.42 33 9.37 5.2 0
5.6 1.75 49 10.5 3.7 0
5.65 1.77 44.9 9.57 3.8 0
5.71 1.81 37.4 8.19 3.8 0
5.77 1.86 28 6.33 3.8 0
4.74 1.78 38 10 4 0
4.77 1.81 34.7 9.38 4 0
4.82 1.85 29 8.02 4 0
4.88 1.89 21.99 6.22 4.1 0
4.71 2.29 31.8 12.1 5.4 0
4.76 2.34 23.9 9.23 5.5 0
4.67 2.15 40.9 13.4 4.9 0
4.69 2.18 37.3 12.4 4.9 0
4.7 2.22 31 10.5 4.9 0
4.79 2.27 23.3 8.1 5.1 0
3.9 1.87 21.3 7.81 4.4 0
3.95 1.92 16.1 6.06 4.4 0
3.99 1.95 11.7 4.47 4.5 0

121
 3 1.69 9.9 4.24 4 0
3.03 1.72 7.24 3.13 4.1 0
2.33 1.07 5.2 1.71 2.5 0
2.37 1.11 3.88 1.32 2.5 0

122
 WIDE FLANGE SECTIONS AND ITS PROPERTIES
Size A d bf tf tw Ix Iy ry
mm2 mm mm mm mm mm4 mm4 mm
W100x19 2470 106 103 8.8 7.1 4.76 1.61 25.5
W130x24 3020 127 127 9.1 6.1 8.80 3.11 32.1
W130x28 3590 131 128 10.9 6.9 10.90 3.81 32.6
W150x14 1730 150 100 5.5 4.3 6.87 0.918 23
W150x18 2290 152 102 7.1 5.8 9.16 1.26 23.5
W150x22 2850 152 152 6.6 5.8 13.40 1.83 24.5
W150x24 3060 160 102 10.3 6.6 12.10 3.87 36.8
W150x30 3790 157 153 9.3 6.6 17.20 5.56 38.3
W150x37 4730 162 154 11.6 8.1 22.20 7.07 38.7
W200x15 1900 200 100 5.2 4.3 12.70 0.869 21.4
W200x19 2480 203 102 6.5 5.8 16.60 1.15 21.5
W200x22 2860 206 102 8 6.2 20.00 1.42 22.3
W200x27 3390 207 133 8.4 5.8 25.80 3.3 31.2
W200x31 4000 210 134 10.2 6.4 31.40 4.1 32
W200x36 4580 201 165 10.2 6.2 34.40 7.64 40.8
W200x42 5310 205 166 11.8 7.2 40.90 9 41.2
W200x46 5860 203 203 11 7.2 45.50 15.3 51.1
W200x52 6660 206 204 12.6 7.9 52.70 17.8 51.7
W200x59 7560 210 205 14.2 9.1 61.10 20.4 51.9
W200x71 9110 216 206 17.4 10.2 76.60 25.4 52.8
W200x86 11100 222 209 20.6 13 94.70 31.4 53.2
W200x100 12700 229 210 23.7 14.5 113.00 36.6 53.7
W250x18 2270 251 101 5.3 4.8 22.40 0.913 20.1
W250x22 2850 254 102 6.9 5.8 28.90 1.23 20.8
W250x25 3230 257 102 8.4 6.1 34.20 1.49 21.5
W250x28 3630 260 102 10 6.4 40.00 1.78 22.1
W250x33 4170 258 146 9.1 6.1 48.90 4.73 33.7
W250x39 4920 262 147 11.2 6.6 60.10 5.94 34.7
W250x45 5720 266 148 13 7.6 71.10 7.03 35.1
W250x49 6250 247 202 11 7.4 70.60 15.1 49.2
W250x58 7420 252 203 13.5 8 87.30 18.8 50.3
W250x67 8550 257 204 15.7 8.9 104.00 22.2 51
W250x73 9280 253 254 14.2 8.6 113.00 38.8 64.7
W250x80 10200 256 255 15.6 9.4 126.00 43.1 65
W250x89 11400 260 256 17.3 10.7 143.00 48.4 65.2
W250x101 12900 264 257 19.6 11.9 164.00 55.5 65.6
W250x115 14600 269 259 22.1 13.5 189.00 64.1 66.3
W250x131 16700 275 261 25.1 15.4 221.00 74.5 66.8
W250x149 19000 282 263 28.4 17.3 259.00 86.2 67.4
W250x167 21300 289 265 31.8 19.2 300.00 98.8 68.1
W310x21 2690 303 101 5.7 5.1 37.00 0.983 19.1
W310x24 3040 305 101 6.7 5.6 42.70 1.16 19.5
W310x28 3610 309 102 8.9 6 54.30 1.58 20.9
W310x33 4180 313 102 10.8 6.6 65.00 1.92 21.4
W310x39 4940 310 165 9.7 5.8 85.10 7.27 38.4
W310x45 5690 313 166 11.2 6.6 99.20 8.55 38.8

123
W310x52 6670 317 167 13.2 7.6 118.00 10.3 39.3
W310x62 7590 303 203 13.1 7.5 129.00 18.3 49.1
W310x67 8510 306 204 14.6 8.5 145.00 20.7 49.3
W310x74 9490 310 205 16.3 9.4 165.00 23.4 49.7
W310x79 10100 306 254 14.6 8.8 177.00 39.9 62.9
W310x86 11000 310 254 16.3 9.1 199.00 44.5 63.6
W310x97 12300 308 305 15.4 9.9 222.00 72.9 77
W310x107 13600 311 306 17 10.9 248.00 81.2 77.3
W310x118 15000 314 307 18.8 11.9 275.00 90.2 77.5
W310x129 16500 318 308 20.6 13.1 308.00 100 77.8
W310x143 18200 323 309 22.9 14 348.00 113 78.8
W310x158 20100 327 310 25.1 15.5 386.00 125 78.9
W310x179 22800 333 313 28.1 18 445.00 144 79.5
W310x202 25800 341 315 31.8 20.1 520.00 166 80.2
W310x226 28900 348 317 35.6 22.1 596.00 189 80.9
W310x253 32200 356 319 39.6 24.4 682.00 215 81.7
W310x283 36000 365 322 44.1 26.9 787.00 246 82.7
W310x313 39900 374 325 48.3 30 896.00 277 83.3
W310x342 43700 382 328 52.6 32.6 1010.00 310 84.2
W310x375 47700 391 330 57.1 35.4 1130.00 343 84.8
W310x415 52900 403 334 62.7 38.9 1300.00 391 86
W310x454 57800 415 336 68.7 41.3 1480.00 436 86.9
W310x500 63700 427 340 75.1 45.1 1690.00 494 88.1
W360x33 4170 349 127 8.5 5.8 82.70 2.91 26.4
W360x39 4980 353 128 10.7 6.5 102.00 3.75 27.4
W360x45 5730 352 171 9.8 6.9 122.00 8.18 37.8
W360x51 6450 355 171 11.6 7.2 141.00 9.68 38.7
W360x57 7220 358 172 13.1 7.9 161.00 11.1 39.2
W360x64 8140 347 203 13.5 7.7 178.00 18.8 48.1
W360x72 9110 350 204 15.1 8.6 201.00 21.4 48.5
W360x79 10100 354 205 16.8 9.4 227.00 24.2 48.9
W360x91 11600 353 254 16.4 9.5 267.00 44.8 62.1
W360x101 12900 357 255 18.3 10.5 302.00 50.6 62.6
W360x110 14000 360 256 19.9 11.4 331.00 55.7 63.1
W360x122 15500 363 257 21.7 13 365.00 61.5 63
W360x134 17100 356 369 18 11.1 415.00 151 94
W360x147 18800 360 370 19.8 12.3 463.00 167 94.2
W360x162 20600 364 371 21.8 13.3 516.00 186 95
W360x179 22800 368 373 23.9 15 575.00 207 95.3
W360x196 25000 372 374 26.2 16.4 636.00 229 95.7
W360x216 27600 375 394 27.7 17.3 712.00 283 101
W360x237 30100 380 395 30.2 18.9 788.00 310 101
W360x262 33500 387 398 33.3 21.1 894.00 350 102
W360x287 36600 393 399 36.6 22.6 997.00 388 103
W360x314 39900 399 401 39.6 24.9 1100.00 426 103
W360x347 44200 407 404 43.7 27.2 1250.00 481 104
W360x382 48700 416 406 48 29.8 1410.00 536 105
W360x421 53700 425 409 52.6 32.8 1600.00 601 106
W360x463 59000 435 412 57.4 35.8 1800.00 670 107

124
W360x509 64900 446 416 62.7 39.1 2050.00 754 108
W360x551 70100 455 418 67.6 42 2260.00 825 108
W360x592 75500 465 421 72.3 45 2500.00 902 109
W360x634 80800 474 424 77.1 47.6 2740.00 983 110
W360x677 86300 483 428 81.5 51.2 2990.00 1070 111
W360x744 94800 498 432 88.9 55.6 3420.00 1200 113
W360x818 104000 514 437 97 60.5 3920.00 1360 114
W360x900 115000 531 442 106 65.9 4500.00 1530 115
W360x990 126000 550 448 115 71.9 5190.00 1730 117
W360x1086 139000 569 454 125 78 5960.00 1960 119
W410x39 4990 399 140 8.8 6.4 127.00 4.04 28.5
W410x46 5890 403 140 11.2 7 156.00 5.14 29.5
W410x54 6810 403 177 10.9 7.5 186.00 10.1 38.5
W410x60 7580 407 178 12.8 7.7 216.00 12 39.8
W410x67 8600 410 179 14.4 8.8 246.00 13.8 40.1
W410x74 9550 413 180 16 9.7 275.00 15.6 40.4
W410x85 10800 417 181 18.2 10.9 315.00 18 40.8
W410x100 12700 415 260 16.9 10 398.00 49.5 62.4
W410x114 14600 420 261 19.3 11.6 462.00 57.2 62.6
W410x132 16800 425 263 22.2 13.3 538.00 67.4 63.3
W410x149 19000 431 265 25 14.9 619.00 77.7 63.9
W460x52 6630 450 152 10.8 7.6 212.00 6.34 30.9
W460x60 7590 455 153 13.3 8 255.00 7.96 32.4
W460x68 8730 459 154 15.4 9.1 297.00 9.41 32.8
W460x61a 7760 450 189 10.8 8.1 259.00 12.2 39.7
W460x67a 8680 454 190 12.7 8.5 300.00 14.6 41
W460x74 9450 457 190 14.5 9 333.00 16.6 41.9
W460x82 10400 460 191 16 9.9 370.00 18.6 42.3
W460x89 11400 463 192 17.7 10.5 410.00 20.9 42.8
W460x97 12300 466 193 19 11.4 445.00 22.8 43.1
W460x106 13500 469 194 20.6 12.6 488.00 25.1 43.1
W460x113 14400 463 280 17.3 10.8 556.00 63.3 66.3
W460x128 16400 467 282 19.6 12.2 637.00 73.3 66.9
W460x144 18400 472 283 22.1 13.6 726.00 83.6 67.4
W460x158 20100 476 284 23.9 15 796.00 91.4 67.4
W460x177 22600 482 286 26.9 16.6 910.00 105 68.2
W530x66 8370 525 165 11.4 8.9 351.00 8.57 32
W530x74 9520 529 166 13.6 9.7 411.00 10.4 33.1
W530x85 10800 535 166 16.5 10.3 485.00 12.6 34.2
W530x82a 10500 528 209 13.3 9.5 479.00 20.3 44
W530x92 11800 533 209 15.6 10.2 552.00 23.8 44.9
W530x101 12900 537 210 17.4 10.9 617.00 26.9 45.7
W530x109 13900 539 211 18.8 11.6 667.00 29.5 46.1
W530x123 15700 544 212 21.2 13.1 761.00 33.8 46.4
W530x138 17600 549 214 23.6 14.7 861.00 38.7 46.9
W530x150 19200 543 312 20.3 12.7 1010.00 103 73.2
W530x165 21100 546 313 22.2 14 1110.00 114 73.5
W530x182 23100 551 315 24.4 15.2 1240.00 127 74.1
W530x196 25000 554 316 26.3 16.5 1340.00 139 74.6

125
W530x219 27900 560 318 29.2 18.3 1510.00 157 75
W610x82 10400 599 178 12.8 10 560.00 12.1 34.1
W610x92 11800 603 179 15 10.9 646.00 14.4 34.9
W610x101 13000 603 228 14.9 10.5 764.00 29.5 47.6
W610x113 14400 608 228 17.3 11.2 875.00 34.3 48.8
W610x125 15900 612 229 19.6 11.9 985.00 39.3 49.7
W610x140 17900 617 230 22.2 13.1 1120.00 45.1 50.2
W610x155 19700 611 324 19 12.7 1290.00 108 74
W610x174 22200 616 325 21.6 14 1470.00 124 74.7
W610x195 24900 622 327 24.4 15.4 1680.00 142 75.5
W610x217 27800 628 328 27.7 16.5 1910.00 163 76.6
W610x241 30800 635 329 31 17.9 2150.00 184 77.3
W690x125 16000 678 253 16.3 11.7 1190.00 44.1 52.5
W690x140 17800 684 254 18.9 12.4 1360.00 51.7 53.9
W690x152 19400 688 254 21.1 13.1 1510.00 57.8 54.6
W690x170 21600 693 256 23.6 14.5 1700.00 66.2 55.4
W690x217 27700 695 355 24.8 15.4 2340.00 185 81.7
W690x240 30600 701 356 27.4 16.8 2610.00 206 82
W690x265 33700 706 358 30.2 18.4 2900.00 231 82.8
W760x147 18700 753 265 17 13.2 1660.00 52.9 53.2
W760x161 20400 758 266 19.3 13.8 1860.00 60.7 54.5
W760x173 22100 762 267 21.6 14.4 2060.00 68.7 55.8
W760x185 23500 766 267 23.6 14.9 2230.00 75.1 56.5
W760x196 25100 770 268 25.4 15.6 2400.00 81.7 57.1
W760x257 32800 773 381 27.1 16.6 3420.00 250 87.3
W760x284 36200 779 382 30.1 18 3810.00 280 87.9
W760x314 40100 786 384 33.4 19.7 4270.00 316 88.8
W840x176 22400 835 292 18.8 14 2460.00 78.2 59.1
W840x193 24700 840 292 21.7 14.7 2780.00 90.3 60.5
W840x210 26800 846 293 24.4 15.4 3110.00 103 62
W840x226 28900 851 294 26.8 16.1 3400.00 114 62.8
W840x299 38100 855 400 29.2 18.2 4790.00 312 90.5
W840x329 42000 862 401 32.4 19.7 5350.00 349 91.2
W840x359 45800 868 403 35.6 21.1 5910.00 389 92.2
W920x201 25600 903 304 20.1 15.2 3250.00 94.4 60.7
W920x223 28600 911 304 23.9 15.9 3770.00 112 62.6
W920x238 30400 915 305 25.9 16.5 4060.00 123 63.6
W920x253 32300 919 306 27.9 17.3 4370.00 134 64.4
W920x271 34600 923 307 30 18.4 4720.00 145 64.7
W920x289 36800 927 308 32 19.4 5040.00 156 65.1
W920x313 39800 932 309 34.5 21.1 5480.00 170 65.4
W920x342 43600 912 418 32 19.3 6250.00 390 94.6
W920x365 46400 916 419 34.3 20.3 6710.00 421 95.3
W920x387 49300 921 420 36.6 21.3 7180.00 453 95.9
W920x417 53300 928 422 39.9 22.5 7880.00 501 97
W920x446 57000 933 423 42.7 24 8470.00 540 97.3

126
Theoretical Mass
kg/m
19.4
23.6
28.1
13.6
18
24
22.3
29.8
37.1
15
19.4
22.4
26.6
31.4
35.9
41.7
46
52.3
59.4
71.5
86.7
99.5
17.9
22.4
25.3
28.5
32.7
38.7
44.9
49
58.2
67.1
72.9
80.1
89.6
101.2
114.8
131.1
148.9
167.4
21.1
23.8
28.4
32.8
38.7
44.6

127
 52.3
59.6
66.8
74.5
78.9
86.4
96.8
106.9
117.5
129.6
143.1
157.4
178.8
202.6
226.8
252.9
283
313.3
343.3
374.3
415.1
454
500.4
32.8
38.7
45
50.6
56.7
63.9
71.5
79.3
90.8
101.2
110.2
121.7
134
147.5
162
179.2
196.5
216.3
236.3
262.7
287.6
313.4
347
382.4
421.7
462.8

128
 509.5
550.6
592.6
634.3
677.8
744.3
819
902.2
991
1087.9
39.2
46.2
53.4
59.5
67.5
74.9
85
99.6
114.5
132.1
149.3
52
59.6
68.5
60.9
68.1
74.2
81.9
89.3
96.6
105.8
113.1
128.4
144.6
157.7
177.3
65.7
74.7
84.7
82.4
92.5
101.4
109
123.2
138.3
150.6
165.3
181.7
196.5

129
218.9
81.9
92.3
101.7
113.4
125.1
140.1
154.9
174.3
195.6
217.9
241.7
125.6
139.8
152.1
169.9
217.8
239.9
264.5
147.1
160.4
173.6
184.8
196.8
257.6
283.9
314.4
176
193.5
210.8
226.6
299.3
329.4
359.4
201.3
224.2
238.3
253.7
271.7
288.6
312.7
342.4
364.6
387
418.1
447.2

130
Option 1 2.57
Option 2 2.57

Zone 1 250
Zone 2 200
Zone 3 150

Ix = cm4
Sx = cm3
Sy = cm3

Enclosed 0.18 -0.18

Open 0
Partially Enclosed 0.55 -0.55

Building surface
Roof angle,
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 1E
5.00 0.40 -0.69 -0.37 -0.29 -0.45 -0.45 0.61
20.00 0.53 -0.69 -0.48 -0.43 -0.45 -0.45 0.80
30.00 0.56 0.21 -0.43 -0.37 -0.45 -0.45 0.69
90 0.56 0.56 -0.37 -0.37 -0.45 -0.45 0.69
0 0.40 -0.69 -0.37 -0.29 -0.45 -0.45 0.61

A 0.65
B 0.8
C 1.2
D 1
E 2.1
F 2

55.49 0.00
29.68 3.41
53.95 0.00
28.13 -12.56
9.94 0.00
-15.87 -5.61
18.98 0.00
-6.84 28.01
35.92 0.00
10.11 3.41
34.37 0.00
8.56 -12.56
-9.64 0.00
-35.45 -5.61
-0.60 0.00
-26.41 28.01

131
1: 202.97 degrees
2: 218.58 degrees
1: 202.97 degrees
2: 218.58 degrees
1: 202.97 degrees
2: 218.58 degrees
1: 202.97 degrees
2: 218.58 degrees

Roof Pressure coefficients Cp for use with qh

Wind direction Angle, degrees
h/L 10 15 20 25 30 35
-0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 0
< 0.25
-0.17 0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4
Normal to ridge -0.9 -0.7 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2
0.5
-0.18 -0.18 0 0.2 0.2 0.3
-1.3 -1 -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2
> 1.0
-0.18 -0.18 -0.18 0 0.2 0.2

10 -0.7 -0.17 10 -0.9 -0.18

15 -0.5 0 15 -0.7 -0.18
20 -0.3 0.2 20 -0.4 0
25 -0.2 0.3 25 -0.3 0.2
30 -0.2 0.3 30 -0.2 0.2
35 0 0.4 35 -0.2 0.3
45 0 0.4 45 0 0.4
> 60 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

H Cp
0 to h/2 -0.9 -0.18
Normal to ridge for 0.5 h/2 to h -0.9 -0.18
< 10 and
h to 2h -0.5 -0.18
Parallel to ridge for
all > 2h -0.3 -0.18
0 to h/2 -1.3 -0.18
1.0
> h/2 -0.7 -0.18

132
2E 3E 4E
-1.07 -0.53 -0.43
-1.07 -0.69 -0.64
0.27 -0.53 -0.48
0.69 -0.48 -0.48
-1.07 -0.53 -0.43

133
 Angle (degrees)
45 > 60 10 15 >20
0
0.01 -0.3 -0.5 -0.6
0.4
0
0.01 -0.5 -0.5 -0.6
0.4
0
0.01 -0.7 -0.6 -0.6
0.3

10 -1.3 -0.18
15 -1 -0.18
20 -0.7 -0.18
25 -0.5 0
30 -0.3 0.2
35 -0.2 0.2
45 0 0.3
> 60 0 0

134
24.20 Compute number of bolts:
d = 203.00 mm
b = 203.00 mm

x = -21.75 mm

Try,
Bolt : 25.00 mm
AISC Bolt: A325
Ab = 490.87 mm2

Fv = 24.58 MPa
Tb = 66.15 MPa
n = 0.41 say, 4.00

135