Amelia-Grace Ugrinich

Ms. Wilson
Junior Projects
08.27.2017

TRAPPIST-1: An Annotated Bibliography.

Gillon, Amaury Triaud Michael. TRAPPIST-1. TRAPPIST-1,

www.trappist.one/.

TRAPPIST-1 is a system of planets orbiting a dwarf star discovered by Michal Gillon

on May 2nd, 2016 using the TRAPPIST telescope. Located within the constellation Aquarius,
this system has captured the attention of scientists due to the special circumstances scientists are
able to observe the planets. This source is dedicated to sharing new findings and information
about the TRAPPIST-1 planets, updating whenever a new breakthrough is announced and
explaining to the public the significance of this system to astrobiologists and other
astronomers.They have tabs about the system, news and articles published, videos, a photo
gallery, timelines, the future of the research, and even a collection of stories where TRAPPIST-1
is used as a setting or focus in modern media. It also links you to their FaceBook account and has
an easy to navigate site.

Despite the fact the authors are unknown and leave no way of contact besides their
Facebook page, I would still say they are a very reliable source. They cite all the information
they have gathered and allow the audience to access the sources, whether it be a university study
or something from NASA. The information is objective, and in this very particular field of
extrasolar systems there isnt much to bias or compete against. It simply relays news and various
media coverage on TRAPPIST-1, all coming from respectable organizations or science journals.
They relay findings, for example the age of TRAPPIST-1, the day that the news come out. The
target audience is anyone who is interested, really, so they make it easy to understand but
interesting to keep your attention without losing it in any way.

This source was incredibly useful to me in kickstarting my research, as TRAPPIST-1 was

going to be my basis for research on extrasolar planets in a stable system. My whole project is
based on habitable planets, and the fact that they are all tidally locked helps exponentially. The
information I can gather here or be linked to will help me grow my knowledge on the subject and
can be my stepping stone into the more complicated side of my project. It has shown me that
there is more known about TRAPPIST-1 than I initially expected, and has also taught me about
tidally locked planets during my research to help create a solid foundation for this project. Ill be
following this topic long after my project ends.
Amelia-Grace Ugrinich
Ms. Wilson
Junior Projects
08.28.2017

NASA Telescope Reveals Record-Breaking Exoplanet Discovery: An Annotated

Bibliography

Northon, Karen. NASA Telescope Reveals Record-Breaking Exoplanet Discovery. NASA,

NASA, 22 Feb. 2017,
www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-telescope-reveals-largest-batch-of-earth-size-habitable-
zone-planets-around.

In this source, NASA reports on the findings of TRAPPIST-1, a record-breaking

extrasolar system containing seven earth-sized planets orbiting an ultra-cool dwarf star. The
TRAPPIST telescopes located in Chile made the initial discovery of three planets in May of
2016. After that, the Spitzer telescope came in and confirmed two the planets as well as five
additional ones orbited the dwarf star. It carries on to talk about the significance of these
discoveries and how they will benefit planetary research in the future.

Being published by NASA and the data being found by NASAs Spitzer telescope, I have
great confidence that this is a useful and reliable source. It links me to both TRAPPIST-1
information and sources, as well as more information about the Spitzer telescope and what kind
of technology is needed to find these systems. I think I can trust NASA with their own research,
as well as the cooperation theyve had with the TRAPPIST telescopes. The information is solely
objective and states the findings of TRAPPIST and what impact the discovery of these
exoplanets has on future astronomy. The target audience are people interested in astronomy, or
the general public.

This source was very helpful to me for the fact it linked the Spitzer telescope and how it
talks about the importance of TRAPPIST-1. I will use this in my research in the aspect of how
these planets are found and why they are significant to findings, and how TRAPPIST discovered
this system in the first place. It can help me reinforce the fact that tidally locked planets in the
habitable zone may be worthy candidates in the search for extraterrestrial life, especially planets
under the circumstances of TRAPPIST-1. It has helped me realize the importance of the
discovery and how it may help future scientists with their discoveries.
Amelia-Grace Ugrinich
Ms. Wilson
Junior Projects
08.28.2017

Forget Earth-LikeWell First Find Aliens on Eyeball Planets: An Annotated

Bibliography

Raymond, Sean. Forget Earth-LikeWeLl First Find Aliens on Eyeball Planets - Facts So
Romantic. Nautilus, Nautilus, 20 Feb. 2015,
nautil.us/blog/forget-earth_likewell-first-find-aliens-on-eyeball-planets.

Tidally-locked planets sound intimidating and daunting to learn about, but this particular
website breaks down the science and the environments of tidally-locked planets. It covers the
different types of tidally-locked planets and what they all have in common, and how the
terminator works. It also gives examples and art to demonstrate how exactly this type of
exoplanet works in comparison to our own orbiting planet.

This is an incredibly useful source in the fact that it was easy to understand without
losing me with confusing terminology, and helps makes comparisons to further your
understanding. The author is an astronomer who specializes in orbital evolution and formation of
planets in systems, based at the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux in Bordeaux, France. I
think thats a credible enough source for a project based on just that. The information is simply
objective, breaking down intimidating terminology and data for an audience without a strong
background in astronomy. Anybody can enjoy and read this article.

I can use this source in my project as an understanding of how tidally-locked planets

work and the different aspects of them. I had never realized there were different types of
tidally-locked planets, most of the differences having to do with placement from its sun. It
helped me open my mind to different possibilities and how creative I, or nature, could be with
these unique planets. It helps shape my main point by helping to break things down simply, as
well as adding a sense of diversity into the planets I can cover.
Amelia-Grace Ugrinich
Ms. Wilson
Junior Projects
08.30.2017

Characterising the Three-Dimensional Ozone Distribution of a Tidally Locked Earth-like

Planet An Annotated Bibliography

Proedrou, Elisavet, and Klemens Hocke. Characterising the Three-Dimensional Ozone

Distribution of a Tidally Locked Earth-like Planet. SpringerLink, Springer Berlin
Heidelberg, 1 June 2016, link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40623-016-0461-x.

This source is a research study and simulation of the ozone layers of tidally-locked
planets in comparison to our own; specifically a tidally-locked Earths to a modern day Earths.
It also goes into photochemistry and how the daytime side and the nighttime side are affected by
the lack of rotation and how do the atmospheres form under such conditions. Overall, it looks
into the development of atmosphere and the distribution of middle atmospheres.

Dr. Elisavet Proedrou, together with Dr. Klemens Hocke, make an extremely reliable duo
source. Dr. Hocke specializes as the head of atmospheric processes group, while Dr. Proedrou
has multiple studies involving the circumstances of a tidally-locked planet, all studies going very
well. The information is straight fact and just provides you with the methods used to find their
discoveries from the study. This includes touching on habitable zones. The target audience is
more than likely other professionals in that particular field and area, perhaps some of their
students, but I am tackling the challenge anyways.

The source is very helpful to me in shaping the more scientific side of my project and
learning about what is realistic for an atmosphere and what is not. This will help immensely
when I make the example planets and make them more believable and closer to what they
actually behave like in space. This, along with another study also done by Dr. Proedrou, will help
me wrap up atmosphere so I can focus on other complicated tasks. This has taught me just how
difficult and complicated the topic of exoplanets are, especially tidally-locked exoplanets.
Amelia-Grace Ugrinich
Ms. Wilson
Junior Projects
08.30.2017

The Middle Atmospheric Circulation of a Tidally Locked Earth-like Planet and the Role of
the Sea Surface Temperature: An Annotated Bibliography

Proedrou, Elisavet, et al. The Middle Atmospheric Circulation of a Tidally Locked Earth-like
Planet and the Role of the Sea Surface Temperature. SpringerLink, Springer Berlin
Heidelberg, 29 July 2016, link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40645-016-0098-1.

This source researches the atmosphere in relation to the tidally-locked planet and what
role the sea surface plays. They created three simulations for different scenarios of the planets:
one warm tidally-locked earth-like planet, one cold tidally-locked earth-like planet, and one just
of present day earth, and showed changes in the atmosphere. It went further into discussing
atmosphere dynamics as well as the role of the ocean. The source states their facts and explains
how they proved their hypotheses and questions.

The author is Dr. Elisavet Proedrou, a staff member of the Institute of Applied Physics,
University of Bern. After researching her credentials and her other studies, Dr. Proedrou is
definitely a great source to obtain atmosphere and sea temperature studies and facts from. The
information is objective: she has essentially written out her study and how she got the results and
her process. It is strictly overwhelming fact. The target audience is primarily professionals in her
field and possibly for some of her students, though I read it anyways.

Despite the complexity of the source, this was a very valuable source to my project. It helped me
much better understand how atmosphere works with the temperature of the sea on a planet with
tidally-locked qualities, and how it relates to how atmosphere functions on earth. I can better
construct a more believable example, and get good practice breaking down matters such as
atmospheric dynamics and sea temperature. I realized with this source how deep of a rabbit hole
I was going down.
Amelia-Grace Ugrinich
Ms. Wilson
Junior Projects
08.30.2017

STABILIZING CLOUD FEEDBACK DRAMATICALLY EXPANDS THE

HABITABLE ZONE OF TIDALLY LOCKED PLANETS: An Annotated Bibliography

Yang, Jun, et al. STABILIZING CLOUD FEEDBACK DRAMATICALLY EXPANDS THE

HABITABLE ZONE OF TIDALLY LOCKED PLANETS. IOP Science, The American
Astronomical Society, 27 June 2013,
iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2041-8205/771/2/L45/meta+.

This peer-reviewed study covers the range of the habitable zone and what newfound
information was found after stabilized cloud feedback could do to make this zone much larger.
The study reveals that the amount of potential candidates in the habitable zone have
approximately doubled because of the thick clouds that have been found around the substellar
locations. This could drop surface temperatures and make the intense heat much more bearable,
and therefore can be included on the life searching radar, or at least be of observational use in the
future. It was very positively peer reviewed.

The authors all come from respectable universities and fields: Assistant Professor Jun
Yang of Peking University does work on exoplanets, climate dynamics and modelling,
paleoclimate as well as oceanic sciences. Assistant Professor Nicolas B. Cowen does his work in
the Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences at McGill University. Dr. Dorian S. Abbot of
University of Chicago works in research for paleoclimate, habitability, ice, exoplanets, and
climate. This source is cited by 59 articles and is well received by the science community so I
feel like I can trust them.The information is all objective, seeing it just a recording of their
findings. Their target audience is others in the profession, but is open to students and laymen,
though the latter may struggle with the terminology or the physics.

This source was amazing in helping me start the formation of the planets. I never knew
about any of this science or these facts and this awareness can now help me shape more accurate
planets. The work was phenomenal and I know I can come back to this source multiple times to
get information to work with in my project. This has changed how I thought about my project
because I knew it would be a long project, but I never realized it would be this complicated.
However, this source relieved some of the research burden.