Power

The ability to get someone to do something you want

done.
The ability to make things happen in the way you want. Capacity of one party (the "agent") to
influence
another party ("the target")
Outcomes of Influence Attempts
commitment, compliance, resistance
Commitment
The target person internally agrees with a
decision or request and makes a great effort to carry out the request
Compliance
The target person is willing to do what the
agent asks but is apathetic rather than enthusiastic about it and will make only a minimal effort
Resistance
The target person is opposed to the
proposal or request and actively tries to avoid carrying it out
Position Power
derives from a person's position in
the organizational hierarchy
Types of Position Power
Reward power, Coercive power, Legitimate power, Process power, Information power,
Representative power.
Reward Power
The extent to which a manager can use extrinsic and
intrinsic rewards to control other people.
Coercive Power
The extent to which a manager can deny desired rewards
and administer punishment to control other people.
Legitimate Power
The extent to which a manager can use subordinates'
internalized values or beliefs that the boss has the "right of command" to control other people
Process Power
The control over methods of production and analysis that a manager has due to being in a
position to influence how inputs are transformed into outputs.
Information Power
The access to and/or control of information.
Representative Power
The formal right conferred by the firm to speak for a
potentially important group composed of individuals across departments or outside the firm.
Guidelines for Using Reward Power
Offer the type of rewards that people desire
Offer rewards that are fair and ethical
Do not promise more than you can deliver
Explain the criteria for giving rewards and keep it
simple
Provide rewards as promised if requirements are met
Use rewards symbolically (not in a manipulative way
Personal Power
derives from individual sources
Types of Personal Power
Expert power, Rational persuasion, Referent power
Expert Power
The ability to control another person's behavior through the possession of knowledge,
experience, or judgment that the other person does not have but needs
Rational Persuasion
The ability to control another person's behavior by convincing the other person of the desirability
of a goal and a reasonable way of achieving it.
Referent Power
The ability to control another's behavior because the person wants to identify with the power
source
Consequences of Position and Personal Power
Personal power positively correlated to satisfaction
and performance
Effective Leaders
expert and referent power
Position Power
coercive and legitimate power - non-significant or negative relationship with satisfaction and
performance
How Much Power Should Leaders Have?
Depends on what needs to be accomplished and the
leader's skill in using the power
Depends on the situation
Too much power may be as dangerous as not enough
power
Ways to Build Position Power
Demonstrating work unit relevance to
organizational goals and needs.
Increasing task relevance of one's own activities
and work unit's activities.
Ways Managers Increase Visibility of Their Job Performance
Expanding contacts with senior people, Making oral presentations of written work, Participating
in problem-solving task forces, Sending out notices of accomplishment, Seeking opportunities to
increase name recognition.
Ways to Build Personal Power
build expertise, enhance likability, enhance political savvy
Build Expertise
through advanced training and education, participate in professional associations, and early
stages of projects
Enhance Likability
by creating personal appeal in relationships with others. Includes pleasant personality traits,
agreeable behavior patterns, and attractive appearance
Enhance Political Savvy
by learning ways to negotiate, persuade. Understand goals and means that most are willing to
accept
Influence Tactic
The type of behavior used intentionally to
influence the attitudes and behavior of another person is usually called a influence tactic
Empowerment
The process by which managers help others to
acquire and use the power needed to make decisions affecting themselves and their work.
Agency Theory
An important power problem arises from the
separation of owners and managers. Managers are "agents" of the owners.
Key Arguments of Agency Theory
By protecting stockholder interests, all the
interests of society are served.
Stockholders have a clear interest in greater
returns.
Managers are self-interested and must be
controlled.

The Powers Of The President Of

The Philippines
1. Executive power
2. Power of appointment
3. Power if removal
4. Power of control
5. Military powers
6. Pardoning power
7. Borrowing power
8. Diplomatic power
9. Budgetary power
10. Informing power
11. Other powers