!"#$%&'(#)$"*'!!!! -.

/(0()*+
9)$#,!=,5,/)!C'($'*)!R
"#$#%&'(#)! *'! +,! "-.'(! /! 0)1+,2#)$'%!
3-+$'(,1+'% !"#$%&'()*+,-%!.!/*%-0+!1'23*)+4
!!!!!0()4(,5,!6,2#)$,+!7)$&(,!+,!3#)+'$2#,!
! ?#%'++,!C,%%)!Q'!S5,&
8,5#+#,(!/!9':-,+;7<6=>?<
1.'2%3 ."3 4.5)0(6%3 7.8#"3 .*3 "#3
@$#*,*! *'! 0('A'$2#B$! /! 0()5)2#B$! 9($"(%6.'#3 :#'(%*#"3 ;."3 <.&=3
>$&'4(,+!8('$&'!,!+,!3#)+'$2#,!8,5#+#,(!/! >?@AB@C>DA
9':-,+
EF5&.0%3.*+
!"#$%&#'()*+ 3>7<!>"0MD9<MD9!
C+,$2,!7)$&('(,%!0,('*'% Q'T!3#2&)(!7)(('*)(!7F,$#
D+A,!7,2E,F-,(,/!9-G('H K(U!SHG$4,()!6V!WXY!>$&U!X!I#5,U
?,1/!>&-((#H,4,!"'*#$,
?'(,(*)!",(#$!IBJ'H Z(,U!'*#2#B$
K)%L!M'/'%!")(# =#(,.'T!WY[[!'.'5J+,('%
0#+,(!9#N-'$&'%!O-,J,/,
Q#2#'51('!*'!\[Z]
,%"#$%&#'()*+
?+)(#,!PG(,&'!?-&#L(('H
C'&F/!O'($G$*'H!Q)5#$4-'H
 ,-&."&$/-0
0,+&+-/(549- @ !"##$%&'()!"#!$%&! AEB
!"#$%&"#$'&()*+$,&
!"##$%&'1)!:$#!! AB '(!$)*+,!-#!+&!)-!
&4-!34#'+-54(! #.*+/#!
!"##$%&'2)!;43#! CD!! !"##$%&'*)! BFG!!
$4!&+<)('41(1!5#-! 0)+1#!&)2+,(,!'(!
,+&2#-&(.4'41(1! 34#'+-54(!6($4'4(,!
!"##$%&'3)! ABD !"##$%&'+)!74!341(! BED
=#$.,+&!2#,! /4+-+!3('#,8!$4!
,+'(54#-+&! 5)+,2#!-#!/4+-+!
4>)('4/(,4(&!?!&4-! 2,+54#!
34#'+-54(!!

4 5
!"##$%&'4)!0#,! FJB
)-(!5#-343+-54(!
(-./"#.-&,0&1-&
+&5)+'(!
!"##$%&'5)! F@D
H+,3454#&!1+!
5#-&+*+,I(!?!(?)1(!
(!(1#'+&5+-/+&
2#31#)4*-"/- FGG
!!
!

6 7
!9)1-'& :1& ;#0#78,*#)& <,&
'(! 7)*+,! ?! 0#.'(54#-+&!
;)'-+,(.'+&! O! 7P70! (!
/,(3Q&! 1+'! 0,#>,($(!
"(54#-('! R#-/,(! '(!
;4#'+-54(! S($4'4(,! ?!
H+<)('!2#-+!+-!/)&!$(-#&!
+'! $4-4'4.,#! T74! $+*#,!
($4>#U8! )-(! 2).'45(549-!
+'(.#,(1(! +&2+54('$+-/+!
2(,(!/48!1#-1+!+-5#-/,(,%&!
4-6#,$(549-! ?! 5#-&+*#&!
V/4'+&! 2(,(! 2,+3+-4,!
8 9
/#1(! 6#,$(! 1+! $('/,(/#!
+-! /)! 341(! ?! (2,+-1+,! (!
14&6,)/(,! 1+! ,+'(54#-+&!
(6+5/43(&! .(&(1(&! +-! '(!
()/#+&/4$(!?!+'!,+&2+/#K
L+! 4-34/($#&! (! ,+5#,,+,!
&)&! 2%>4-(&! ?! 1+&2+*(,!
1)1(&! &#.,+! +'! +-($#,(M
$4+-/#8!'(!&+<)('41(18!5#M
0).,*&.56)&7,&6-0#"#,78-0&!
2,#.'+$%/45(&! 5#$#! +'!
$(5N4&$#8! +'! (5#&#! &+M
<)('!+-!+&2(54#&!2V.'45#&!
?! '(! /,(/(! 1+! 2+,&#-(&!
.)0& "#0,7& <,& ,=(1)8-.#50&
7,=$-1%&+$,&->,.8-0&-&6$M
5N(&! 5N45(&! ?! 5N45#&! 1+!
-)+&/,#!2(I&K!L($.4Q-!2#M
1,%&!&(.+,!59$#!(6,#-/(,!
'(!34#'+-54(!6($4'4(,!?!5#M
-#5+,!$%&!&#.,+!/)&!1+,+M
.?)7&@&1-7&0)*6-7&+$,&8,&
2,#/+>+-! 6,+-/+! (! +&/(! ?!
#/,(&!6#,$(&!1+!34#'+-54(K!
0)+1+&! 5#$2(,/4,! &)&!
10
$+-&(*+&!5#-!/)&!($4>(&!
?!($4>#&8!2)+&!$4+-/,(&!
$%&! 4-6#,$(549-! $(-+M
*+-8! $%&! 2,+3+-41#&! ?!
2,+3+-41(&! +&/(,%-! 1+!
7#8$-.#)0,7& +$,& *,(*,M
&+-/+-! )-! ,4+&>#K! W$(/+8!
2,#/+>+! /)! 341(! ?! /)!
5)+,2#K! X+5)+,1(! &4+$M
(*,& +$,& !"#$%$&' ($)$*+,'
-'.#.#)'/#0)$'($'.#,/$%*#-1
11
Y
-! +&/(! &+5549-! +-M
5#-/,(,%&! 4-6#,$(549-!
&#.,+!+'!+-($#,($4+-/#!
@& 7#8$-.#)0,7& +$,& ($,M
1+-!2#-+,!+-!,4+&>#!)-(!
*,1-.#50A&B)<*C7&#<,08#"#M
5(,! &4/)(54#-+&! 1+! 5#-M
8*)1& @& & D#)1,0.#-& +$,& 7,&
6-0#"#,78-0&,0&,78-&,8-(-&
1+! '(! 341(! 2(,(! &(.+,!
1+/+-+,'(&!(!/4+$2#K!
14
6789'"0'":'
"&;<-=;<$"&.->
Y&! )-! +&/(1#! 1+! 4')&49-8!
(/,(5549-! ?! ($#,! N(54(!
)8*-& (,*7)0-%& ,0& +$,& 7,&
+<2+,4$+-/(-! &+-&(54#M
-+&! (>,(1(.'+&K! R#-&/4M
/)?+! )-(! #2#,/)-41(1!
2(,(! ,+'(54#-(,-#&8! >#M
Z(,! 1+! '(! 5#$2([I(8! /#M
$(,!1+54&4#-+&!?!+*+,5+,!
-)+&/,#&!1+,+5N#&K
15
Y-! +&/(! +/(2(! +'! 2+-M
&($4+-/#! &+! 3)+'3+! 4-M
7#78,08,& -1& ($08)& +$,&
&+! 24+-&(! $)5N#! +-! '(!
(,*7)0-& +$,& 0)7& -8*-,%&
/+-+$#&! 1+&+#! 1+! +&/(,!
+'! $(?#,! /4+$2#! 2#&4.'+!
5#-!Q'!#!+''(!?!.)&5($#&!
&)!$4,(1(K!
:! 2(,/4,! 1+! '(! (1#'+&5+-M
54(8! '(&! 2+,&#-(&! (2,+-M
1+$#&! ?! +-&(?($#&!
18
-)+3(&! 6#,$(&! 1+! 5#$M
2#,/($4+-/#8! (5#,1+! 5#-!
-)+&/,(&! +<2+,4+-54(&!
1+! '4.+,/(1! +! 4-1+2+-M
1+-54(K! H4-! ! +$.(,>#8! '(&!
+<2+,4+-54(&! ($#,#&(&!
-#! +&/%-! '4.,+&! 1+! $4/#&8!
5,++-54(&! ?! +&/+,+#/42#&8!
1#-1+!&+!+&2+,(!)-!5#$M
2#,/($4+-/#!1+/+,$4-(1#!
1+! '(&! $)*+,+&! ?! #/,#! 1+!
'#&! 3(,#-+&K! 0#,! +*+$2'#8!
+$,& 1-& ,0-6)*-<-& 7,-&
19
1+'45(1(! ?! +'! +-($#,(1#!
2,#/+5/#,K

Y-! .(&+! (! +&/#&! $4/#&8!

2)+1+-! &),>4,! &4/)(54#M
-+&!1+!5#-/,#'!?!34#'+-54(!
+-! '(! 2(,+*(! +-($#,(1(8!
1+! (NI! '(! 4$2#,/(-54(! 1+!
#<,08#"#.-*& 7,E-1,7& <,&
,4+&>#8!2,+3+-4,!?!1+/+-+,!
7#8$-.#)0,7& +$,& ($,<-0&
(6+5/(,!-)+&/,(!341(K

20 21
 ?$.-0'/":';<-='
=-<G&.$#-'
\#&!$4/#&!&#-!5,++-54(&!
3-78-08,&-**-#4-<-7&+$,&
&+!,+2,#1)5+-!1+!>+-+M
,(549-! +-! >+-+,(549-8!
5,+(-1#!5#-6)&49-8!1+&M
4>)('1(1! ?! 34#'+-54(! +-!
)-(!,+'(549-K!Y&!/4+$2#!
1+!,+5#-#5+,!5)%'+&!&#-!
+&/#&!$4/#&!?!1+&/+,,(,'#&!
1+!-)+&/,(!341(^
24
?$.-)'@A-0'#":-0'0-&'
8&;'/"<-0.=;#$%&'/"'
;<-=B
C0' D;:0-' E-=F8")! \#&!
5+'#&! -#! &#-! )-(! 1+M
$#&/,(549-!1+!($#,8!,+M
2,+&+-/(-!+-!&I!)-!(.)M
&#! 1+! 2#1+,! ?! 5#-/,#'K!
]-(!,+'(549-!&+!.(&(!+-!
1-& .)0"#-0F-& @& ,1& *,7(,M
/#! (! '(! ()/#-#$I(! 1+! '(!
2(,+*(K
25
 ?$.-)'@A-0'J-<H="0' ?$.-)'@C0'$<E-0$H:"'
I$-:"&.-0'#;<H$;&' /"."#.;=':;'I$-:"&#$;'
#8;&/-'0"'#;0;&'-' "&'":'"&;<-=;<$"&.-B
#-&I$I"&B
C0' D;:0-' E-=F8")! Y-!
C0'D;:0-'E-=F8")!Y'!6#,M /#1(!,+'(549-!N(?!&+[('+&!
$('4Z(,!)-(!,+'(549-!-#! +$,& ($,<,0& -1,*8-*M
.)0<$.,&-&+$,&1-7&(-*,M -#&! &#.,+! &4/)(54#-+&!
*(&! 34#'+-/(&! 5($.4+-8! 1+! $(5N4&$#8! 5#-/,#'!
+&(! (5/4/)1! 2)+1+! +$M @& D#)1,0.#-%& +$,& ,0& $0&
2+#,(,! +-! +'! $(/,4$#M 6)/),#! 2)+1+-! 5#-3+,M
-4#!#!5#-343+-54(K /4,&+! +-! (5/#&! 34#'+-/#&!
$%&!34&4.'+&K
26 27
 ?$.-)'@C:'"&;<-=;/-'
-'"&;<-=;/;'&8&#;'
:"'J;=K;'/;L-';'08'
E;="M;B

C0' D;:0-' E-=F8")! \#&!

5+'#&8!+'!5#-/,#'8!'(&!.),M
'(&! &#-! 6#,$(&! 1+! 34#M
1,0.#-& +$,& 0)& <,3,6)7&
$4-4$4Z(,!#!1+*(,!2(&(,K

28 29
_(/+!5)+-/(!&4!Q'`+''(! ! H+!.),'(!1+!/4!?!/+!
N(!5#$+-Z(1#!(!/+-+,! <#.,&.)7-7&+$,&8,&
+&/(&!5#-1)5/(&!1+! N(5+-!1([#K
5#-/,#'!?!34#'+-54(^! M! X+34&(!/)!5+')'(,!#!
8,&(#<,&+$,&1,&<,7&
! L+!''($(!#! /)&!5#-/,(&+[(&!
/+!$+-&(*+(! 1+!,+1+&!&#54('+&!?!
5#-&/(-/+$+-/+!2(,(! 5#,,+#!+'+5/,9-45#K
&(.+,!19-1+!+&/%&8! ! H+!+-#*(!&4!
.)0&+$#G0&,78C7A 6,+5)+-/(&!(!/)&!
! R#-/,#'(!/)!6#,$(! ($4&/(1+&K
1+!3+&/4,!?!/)! ! L+!($+-(Z(!5#-!
6-+$#11-H,A 1+*(,/+!5)(-1#!-#!
32 33
 ?-.,7&1)&+$,&+$#,*,A 1+&+#&K
& &J)&.*,,&,0&1)&+$,& ! L+!5N(-/(*+(!)!#.'4>(!
'+!5)+-/(&8!/,(/(!1+! -&?-.,*&-14)&+$,&8I&
5#$2,#.(,'#!#!/+! 0)&+$#,*,7A
2#-+!/,($2(&K ! 0,#$+/+!5($.4#&!
& K#,6(*,&(#,07-&+$,& +$,&0)&.$6(1,A
1)7&<,6C7&+$#,*,0& ! L#5(!#!(5(,454(!
+-($#,(,/+K /)!5)+,2#!&4-!/)!
! L+!2+>(8!+$2)*(!#! 5#-&+-/4$4+-/#K
*('#-+(K ! L+!+<4>+!#!2,+&4#-(!
! 0#-+!+-!1)1(!/)&! 2(,(!/+-+,!,+'(54#-+&!
&+-/4$4+-/#&!&4! &+<)('+&K
-#!(55+1+&!(!&)&!
34 35
6,8G:"0'0-&':;0' ! _+&4-/+,Q&!+-!'#&!
#-&0"#8"&#$;0'/"' +&/)14#&K
:;'I$-:"&#$;'"&'":' ! Y&/(,!5#-/4-)($+-/+!
"&;<-=;<$"&.-> -+,34#&(`#K
! "#!/4+-+&!>(-(&!1+!
:'>)-(&! 1+! '(&! 5#-&+M ?-.,*&.)7-7&+$,&
5)+-54(&!&#-^ (-/+&!/+!(>,(1(.(-K
! _#'#,!1+!5(.+Z(!?!#/,#&! ! _+!2,#-/#!-#!/4+-+&!
6-1,78-*,7&"/7#.)7A (2+/4/#!#!/4+-+&!
! L,4&/+Z(!?! 2,#.'+$(&!1+!
1+&$#/43(549-K! 14>+&/49-K
! _+2,+&49-`(-&4+1(1K ! H4+-/+&!4-&+>),41(1!?!
! 0,#.'+$(&!1+!&)+[#K 5)'2(K
36 37
,$#:-'-'"0E$=;:'/"':;'
I$-:"&#$;
Y'! 545'#! #! +&24,('! 1+! '(!
34#'+-54(!&+!2,+&+-/(!+-!
/,+&!6(&+&^
1N'O;0"'/"';#8<8:;#$%&'
'''''/"':;'."&0$%&)
K,& 6-0#"#,78-0& #07$18)7%&
,+2,#5N+&8! +&5+-(&! 1+!
5+'#&!?!5#-/,#'8!&4'+-54#&!
2,#'#->(1#&8! .),'(&8!
40
$('+&/(,!5#-&/(-/+!?!+-!
()$+-/#K
2N'O;0"'/"'"0.;::$/-'-''
'''''"PE:-0$%&)
K,&6-0#"#,78-0&,(#7)<#)7&
1+!(>,+&49-^!(,,#*(!#.*+M
/#&8!>#'2+(8!($+-(Z(K
3N'O;0"'/"'
''''';=="E"&.$<$"&.-'-'
''''':8&;'/"'<$":)
K,&6-0#"#,78-0&,=(*,7#)0,7&
41
1+!2+,19-8!2,#$+&(&!1+!
5($.4#8! ,+>('#&8! 4-/+,Q&!
&+<)('! ?! &),>+! )-(! (2(M
*,08,& L8*-0+$#1#<-<M& ,0&
'(!,+'(549-K

H4! '(! 34#'+-54(! -#! &+!

1+/4+-+! (! /4+$2#8! +&/+!
545'#! &+! ,+2+/4,%! 5#-!
+24&#14#&! 5(1(! 3+Z! $%&!
34#'+-/#&K

42 43
& O)N-&+$#,*,7&@-&+$,& ! L4+-+&!$4+1#!(!
T-#!&4+$2,+!/+!/,(/(! +$,<-*8,&7)1-N)%&&@&
$('UK (#,07-7&+$,&0-<#,&
& PI&,7(,*-7&+$,& $%&!/+!3#'3+,%!(!
.-63#,%&()*+$,&G1N +$,*,*A
,11-&&8,&<#.,&+$,&0)& ! L#1(&!/)&!($4>(&`#&!
3#'3+,%!(!N(5+,'#K /4+-+-!-#34#`(8!?!/V!
! L+!(&)&/(!1+*(,'#`(! -#!2)+1+&!&+-/4,/+!
()*+$,&7-3,7&+$,& 146+,+-/+K
Q'`+''(!-#!'#!3(! & K#,08,7&+$,&0)&D-1,7&
(5+2/(,8!?!/4+-+&! -(1(!&4!-#!+&/%&!!5#-!
$4+1#!1+!&)! Q'`+''(K
,+(5549-K ! :$.#&!5#$2(,/+-!
44 45
 +'!$4&$#!>,)2#!1+!
-6#4)7&@&.*,,7&+$,&8,&
7,*C&<#"/.#1&8,*6#0-*&
34Q-1#'#`(!/#1#&!'#&!
1I(&K
! "#!&(.+&!59$#!
<,.#*1,&+$,&+$#,*,7&
/+,$4-(,K

_+54,!(149&!(!)-(!,+'(549-!
2)+1+!5()&(,!1#'#,KKK

46 47
:'>)-(&!,+5#$+-1(54#-+&! & R,7$,1D,&.)0"1#.8)7&
+$,&($,<,7&7,4$#*Q 1+!4-/+,+&+&!5#-!
/)!2(,+*(8!2+,#!-#!
Q'&$I":'$&/$I$/8;:) ,+-)-54+&!(!/)&!
! S#,/('+5+!/)!($#,! 1+,+5N#&!#!(!/)!
2,#24#!?!3('#,+&K .4+-+&/(,K
! X+&2+/(!?!N(Z! ! a#Z(!1+!/)&!2,#24#&!
+$,&*,7(,8,0&8$7& +&2(54#&!2+,&#-('+&K
1+54&4#-+&K ! X#1Q(/+!1+!2+,&#-(&!
! Y'(.#,(!)-!2,#?+5/#! ()7#8#D-7&+$,&8,&
1+!341(!2(,(!/48!?! 2)+1(-!(2#?(,!
+$,&0-<#,&#6(#<-&8$& 5)(-1#!'#!-+5+&4/+&K
,+('4Z(549-K
50 51
Q'&$I":'D;<$:$;=) Q'&$I":'/"'.8'
! R#-3+,&(!&#.,+!/)&! $&0.$.8#$%&'"/8#;.$I;)
1)1(&!?!/+$#,+&! ! b)&5(!#,4+-/(549-8!
5#-!$($%!#!2(2%!#! 4-6#,$(549-!?!(2#?#8!
('>)-(!2+,&#-(!1+! 5#-!)-!2,#6+&#,!#!)-(!
8$&>-6#1#-&.)0&+$#,0& 2,#6+&#,(!?!'#&!($4>#&`
8,04-7&.)0"#-0F-A -7&<,&8$&8)8-1&.)0"#-0F-A
! ")-5(!1+*+&!1+!
5#$)-45(,!/)&! Q'&$I":'/"'.8'
$4+1#&!?!2+14,! #-<8&$/;/)
5#-&+*#!5)(-1#!'#! ! b)&5(!($4>#&!?!
-+5+&4/+&K -6#4-7&+$,&8,&

52 53
 .,4-1+-!$#1+'#&!
&#54('+&!2#&4/43#&!?!
&#'41(,4#&K
! b)&5(!(?)1(!+-!
#,>(-4Z(54#-+&!
+!4-&/4/)54#-+&!
,7(,.#-1#F-<-7&+$,&8,&
(2#?+-8!/+!+&5)5N+-!
?!/+!(5#-&+*+-!&#.,+!
/)&!1)1(&!?!/+$#,+&K

54 55
! _#&!2+,&#-(&!&+! -#!5#$2,)+.(-!&4!'#!
+$#,*,0%&7,&*,7(,8-0& +$,&?-.,&)&<#.,&7$&
?!&+!1434+,/+-! 2(,+*(!+&!3+,1(1K
+&/(-1#!*)-/(&K ! Y<2,+&(-!5#-!/#/('!
! H(.+-!+&5)5N(,!(! '4.+,/(18!?!&4-!/+$#,8!'#!
'(!#/,(!2+,&#-(!?! +$,&(#,07-0&@&7#,08,0A
2)+1+-!5#-/(,&+!&)&! ! X+&2+/(-!'(&!
2,#.'+$(&K 1+54&4#-+&!1+!5(1(!
& S63)7&7-3,0&+$,& +$#,0%&6-08#,0,0&
'#&!5+'#&!-#!&#-!)-(! )-(!,+'(549-!
+<2,+&49-!1+!($#,K 1+$#5,%/45(8!
& P#,0,0&.)0"#-0F-& N#,4Z#-/('8!,+5I2,#5(!
$)/)(8!-#!1)1(-!?! ?!&#'41(,4(K
58 59
& T-<-&+$#,0&8#,0,&
)-!2,#?+5/#!1+!
,+('4Z(549-!2+,&#-('!
?!+&!(2#?(1(!?!
('+-/(1(!2#,!&)!
2(,+*(!(!N(5+,!'#!
+$,&1,&?-.,&7,08#*7,&
&(/4&6+5N#`(!5#-!'(!
341(K

60 61
! \(!'4.+,/(1!-#!+&!('>#! &#$+/4$4+-/#K!
+$,&8,&<-0%&,7&-14)& ! \#&!$('#&!/,(/#&!
+$,&8#,0,7&@&<,3,7& 0)&7)0&-6)*%&+$#,0&
2,#/+>+,K 8,&+$#,*,&3$7.-*C&
! Y'!,+&2+/#!&+!+*+,5+8! &4+$2,+!/)!.4+-+&/(,K
&+!2,(5/45(!1I(!(!1I(K ! "(14+!5($.4(!2#,!
! \#&!5+'#&!-#! ($#,8!'(!2+,&#-(!
&#-!($#,8!&4-#! 5($.4(!#!+3#')54#-(!
4-&+>),41(18!5#-/,#'! 2#,!1+&+#!2,#24#!?!
?!2#&+&49-K! -#!2#,!&(/4&6(5+,!(!
! Y'!($#,!-#!+&! #/,(!2+,&#-(K
+-/,+>(!(.&#')/(8!
+&#!&+!''($(!
62 63
65
Y
-! +&/(! &+5549-! /+!
#6,+5+$#&! 4-6#,$(549-!
(5+,5(! 1+! '#&! 5($.4#&!
+$,& 7,& (*)<$.,0& ,0& 1-&
(1#'+&5+-54(8! '(! &+<)(M
'41(18! +'! 5)41(1#! 1+'!
5)+,2#! ?! '(&! ,+'(54#-+&!
&+<)('+&K!L($.4Q-!&#.,+!
+'! +$.(,(Z#! +-! (1#'+&M
5+-/+&8!&)&!5#-&+5)+-54(&!
?!59$#!2,+3+-4,'#K!
66
6789'"0':;'0"P8;:$/;/>
Y&!)-!(&2+5/#!1+'!&+,!N)M
6-0)%&8#,0,&+$,&D,*&.)0&
+'! 5)+,2#8! '(! ,+2,#1)5M
549-8! '(&! +$#54#-+&8! '#&!
(6+5/#&!?!'(&!41+(&K!R(1(!
2+,&#-(! 343+! &)! &+<)(M
'41(1! 1+! $#1#! 14&/4-M
/#8! +&/(! &+! 2,(5/45(! ?! &+!
,=(*,7-& ,0& 8)<)& 1)& +$,&
&#$#&8!&+-/4$#&8!2+-&(M
$#&!?!N(5+$#&K
67
6789'"0'!"P->
H#-! '(&! 5(,(5/+,I&/45(&!
"/7#.-7& @& 3#)154#.-7%& +$,&
146+,+-54(-!(!N#$.,+&!?!
$)*+,+&8! ,+2,+&+-/(1#&!
2#,!'#&!>+-4/('+&d!+'!2+-+!
?! /+&/I5)'#&! +-! +'! N#$M
.,+8!?!'#&!&+-#&8!'(!3)'3(!
?!3(>4-(!+-!'(!$)*+,K
68
,8"=E-'R'0"P8;:$/;/
:7& #6()*8-08,& +$,& 1-7&
2+,&#-(&! (2,+-1($#&! (!
5#-#5+,!-)+&/,#!5)+,2#8!
-#! &#'#! &(.+,! 59$#! +&!
?! 59$#! 6)-54#-(8! &4-#!
<,7.$3*#*&+$G&0)7&4$78-&
@&+$G&7,07-.#)0,7&()<,M
$#&! +<2+,4$+-/(,8! &4-!
&+-/4,!$4+1#!#!3+,>c+-M
Z(!2#,!+''#K
69
6,8G&/-'#;<H$;'
&8"0.=-'#8"=E->
")+&/,#!5)+,2#!5($.4(!+-!
'(!2).+,/(1!?!(1#'+&5+-54(8!
(1+$%&!&+!>+-+,(-!-)+3(&!
&+-&(54#-+&! ?! +$#54#-+&K!
:2(,+5+! +'! 1+&+#! &+<)('!
?! '(! (/,(5549-! N(54(! #/,(&!
2+,&#-(&8! 14&6,)/($#&! 1+!
$(-+,(! 14&/4-/(! '(! 5#$M
(-E/-&+$,&.$-0<)&G*-6)7&
-4[#&`(&K
72
\(&!?!'#&!(1#'+&5+-/+&!&+!
5#$2(,(-! ?! 2,+#5)2(-!
()*&7$&<,7-**)11)%&@-&+$,&
$)5N(&!3+5+&!-#!5#4-541+!
5#-! +'! 1+! &)&! ($4>#&`(&d!
2#,!+&(!,(Z9-!/+$+-!&+,!
,+5N(Z(1#&! #! ,+5N(Z(1(&!
1+!'#&!>,)2#&K
T)0& 1)7& .-63#)7& "#7#)15M
>45#&8! )-! 6(5/#,! ,+'+3(-/+!
+&! +'! 4-5,+$+-/#! 1+! '(&!
?)*6)0-7& 7,=$-1,7& +$,&
73
&+! (&#54(! (! '(&! 6(-/(&I(&!
&+<)('+&8!&)+[#&!+,9/45#&!
?!'(!$(&/),.(549-K!
H4!.4+-!'(!$)*+,!5#$4+-Z(!
(! 1+&(,,#''(,! &)! 5)+,2#!
-08,7& +$,& ,1& D-*50%& -6M
.#&! +<2+,4$+-/(-! 5($M
3#)7& 7#40#"#.-8#D)7%& 1)7&
2,4-542('+&!&#-^
74
,;<H$-0'"&':;'<8M"=
! H+!+-&(-5N(-!'(&!
5(1+,(&K
! :2(,+5+-!'#&!2+Z#-+&K
! R,+5+!+'!3+''#!2V.45#K
! :2(,+5+!'(!2,4$+,(!
$+-&/,)(549-!?!+'!
545'#!$+-&/,)('K!
,;<H$-0'"&'":'J-<H="
! R,+5+!+'!.4>#/+!?!'(!
.(,.(K
75
 ! Y'!/#-#!1+!3#Z!5($.4(8! 6789'"0':;'
&+!N(5+!$%&!>,(3+K <"&0.=8;#$%&>
! :2(,+5+!+'!3+''#! \(!2,4$+,(!$+-&/,)(549-!
2V.45#K )& L6,0-*+$/-M& ,7& (-*8,&
! H+!+-&(-5N(!'(!+&2('1(! <,& 1)7& .-63#)7& "#7#)154#M
?!+'!2+5N#K .)7& +$,& ,=(,*#,6,08-0&
! \#&!/+&/I5)'#&!?!+'! '(&!$)*+,+&!('!4-454#!1+!'(!
2+-+!()$+-/(-!1+! (1#'+&5+-54(K! e5),,+! +-M
/($([#K /,+!'#&!AA!(!AD!([#&K!H4+-M
1#! +'! 4-454#! 1+'! 2,#5+&#!
1+! $(1),(549-! &+<)('! ?!
! 1-& ()7#3#1#<-<& <,& +$,<-*&
+$.(,(Z(1(K
76 77
6789'"0':;'"R;#8:;#$%&>
\(! 2,4$+,(! +?(5)'(549-!
&+! 2,#1)5+! +-/,+! '#&! AB!
(!AD!([#&K!Y&!2,#3#5(1#!
2#,!+,+554#-+&!+&2#-/(M
-+(&! $4+-/,(&! &+! 1)+,M
$+8! ''($(1#! /($.4Q-!
T&)+[#&!NV$+1#&U!#!2#M
')54#-+&!-#5/),-(&K
78
6789'"0':;'
<;0.8=H;#$%&>
Y&! )-(! $(-46+&/(549-!
<,& 1-& 7,=$-1#<-<& +$,& 7,&
(&#54(! (! '(! +<2'#,(549-!
1+'! 2,#24#! 5)+,2#! ?! (!
1-& 3I7+$,<-& <,1& (1-.,*A&
:78C& #0"1$,0.#-<-& ()*& ,1&
4-5,+$+-/#! N#,$#-('!
+-! 3(,#-+&! ?! $)*+,+&8! ?!
2)+1+! ,+('4Z(,&+! 5#-! #!
&4-!6(-/(&I(&!&+<)('+&K
79
T$#<-*0)7& @& +$,*,*0)7&
4-/+>,('$+-/+! f5)+,2#!
?!$+-/+g!+&!4$2#,/(-/+8!
()*+$,& <,& ,11)& <,(,0<,&
1-& 7-8#7>-..#50& +$,& 7,0M
/4$#&! 5#-! '(! 341(K! _+!
-?/& +$,& 7,-& 0,.,7-*#)&
5#-#5+,! -)+&/,#! 5)+,2#!
?! ,+5#-#5+,! -)+&/,#&!
&+-/4$4+-/#&8! &+-&(54#M
-+&! ?! 1+&+#&! 2(,(! /+-+,!
()/#-#$I(! &#.,+! -)+&M
/,(!2,#24(!341(K
82
!"#$%&'(%)*%+,-%./012/3%
J;H:;='/"'0"P8;:$/;/>
0#,! )-(! &+,4+! 1+! 5,++-M
.#-7& +$,& ?,6)7& ?,*,<-M
1#! 1+! -)+&/,#&! 2(1,+&8!
$(1,+&8! (.)+'#&`(&8!
$(+&/,#&`(&8! +/5K! Y<4&/+!
1-& .*,,0.#-& +$,& 1)7& 8,M
$(&! 1+! &+<)('41(1! &9'#!
&#-! 2(,(! '(&! 2+,&#-(&!
-<$18-7& )& (-*-& +$#,0,7&
343+-!+-!2(,+*(K
83
 :'>)-(&!6('&(&!5,++-54(&!
&#.,+! '(! &+<)('41(1! &#-!
'(&!&4>)4+-/+&^
?$.-)'@!-:-':-0'
J-<H="0'0"'
<;0.8=H;&BN

:7& >-17)& ()*+$,& ,7& -14)&

-(/),('! +-! N#$.,+&! ?!
6$H,*,7&+$,*,*&,=(1)*-*&
&)!5)+,2#8!&4-!&+-/4,!3+,M
>c+-Z(!#!5)'2(K!!

84 85
 ?$.-)'@A;'
<;0.8=H;#$%&'#;80;'
/;L-';:'-=T;&$0<-BN
:7& >-17)& ()*+$,& ,78-& ,7&
$0-& -.8#D#<-<& +$,& -@$M
1(! (! 1+&5).,4,! -)+&/,#&!
&+-/4$4+-/#&! +,9/45#&!
?! 5#-! +''#! (2,+-1+$#&!
(! -#! (3+,>#-Z(,-#&! 1+!
1)& +$,& 7,08#6)7& 0#& <,&
-)+&/,#&!>+-4/('+&K
86
?$.-)'@A;0'=":;#$-&"0'
0"P8;:"0'0-&':;'S&$#;'
<;&"=;'/"'"PE="0;='
;D"#.-';'F8$"&';<;0BN
:7& >-17)& ()*+$,& ,=#78,0&
$V'/42'+&! 6#,$(&! 1+! +<M
2,+&(,! (6+5/#8! &4-! ''+>(,!
('!5#-/(5/#!&+<)('!I-/4$#K!
:.,(Z(,! ?! (5(,454(,8! 2#,!
+*+$2'#8!&#-!6#,$(&!$)?!
+<2,+&43(&!1+!(6+5/#K
87
?$.-)'@A;'<8M"='&8&#;'
F8"/;'"<H;=;U;/;'"&'
:;'E=$<"=;'=":;#$%&'
0"P8;:BN
:7& >-17)& ()*+$,& ,7& H$78)&
+-!'(!2,4$+,(!,+'(549-!&+M
<)('!-#!2,#/+>41(!5)(-1#!
&)5+1+-! '#&! +$.(,(Z#&!
0)& (1-0#"#.-<)7A& U0.1$7)&
N(?! +$.(,(Z#! 5)(-1#! '(!
4-/,#1)5549-!1+'!2+-+!-#!
N(!&41#!5#$2'+/(K
88
?$.-)'@A-0'J-<H="0'
."&"<-0'<G0'
&"#"0$/;/'/"'."&"='
0"P-'F8"':;0'<8M"="0BN
:7&>-17)&()*+$,&1-&0,.,M
&41(1! 1+! /+-+,! ,+'(54#M
-+&!&+<)('+&!&+!+-/4+-1+!
2#,! +'! 1+&+#! ?! '(! $#/4M
D-.#50%&()*&1)&+$,&&8-08)&
N#$.,+&!?!$)*+,+&!2)+M
1+-!/+-+,!-+5+&41(1K
89
?$.-)'@,8;&/-':-'J;#"0'
#-&':;'<"&0.=8;#$%&'
&-'J;R'"<H;=;U-BN
:7& >-17)& ()*+$,& 7#& 3#,0&
5#-! '(! $+-&/,)(549-! &+!
,1#6#0-0& 1)7& 5D$1)7& +$,&
-#! N(-! &41#! 6+5)-1(1#&!
+-!+'!2+,I#1#8!+'!,4+&>#!1+!
+$,& $0& 5D$1)& ($,<-& 7,*&
6+5)-1(1#!&4>)+!'(/+-/+K
90
@V-'"0'&"#"0;=$-'
":'80-'/":'#-&/%&'
4#$&')%2#-01#%)-%(35
"::;B
Y'!)&#!1+'!5#-19-!+&!-+M
5+&(,4#!+-!/#1(!,+'(549-!
&+<)('! 2(,(! +34/(,! )-!
+$.(,(Z#! -#! 1+&+(1#!
?! +'! 5#-/(>4#! 1+! 4-6+5M
54#-+&! 1+! /,(-&$4&49-!
&+<)('8! 4-5')&#! +'! ;P=K!
0+14,! +'! )&#! 1+'! 5#-19-!
-#! +&! )-(! &+[('! 1+! 1+&M
91
.)0"#-0F-%& -1& .)08*-*#)%&
,7& .)0"#-*& 1)& 7$"#.#,08,&
5#$#!2(,(!1+54,'#K!

92 93
6,%<-'"PE="0;&'08'
0"P8;:$/;/':;0'R':-0'
;/-:"0#"&."0>
:! /,(3Q&! 1+! +$#54#M
-+&8! (6+5/#&! ?! (5/4/)1+&!
5#$#^! /,4&/+Z(8! &#'+1(18!
/+$#,+&8! +-#*#8! 2'(5+,8!
1+&+#! ?! ($#,K! H)&! 5($M
3#)7& *,"1,H-0& 7$7& 7,08#M
$4+-/#&! ?! '(! -+5+&41(1!
1+! ,+'(54#-(,&+! 5#-!
#/,#&K
94
C:'"&;<-=;<$"&.-'"&'
:;';/-:"0#"&#$;
Y'! +-($#,($4+-/#! +&!
)-! (&2+5/#! 4$2#,/(-M
/+! 1+! '(! &+<)('41(1! +-!
'(! (1#'+&5+-54(K! Y&! +-!
,78-& ,8-(-& +$,& 1-7& (,*M
&#-(&!/4+-+-!&)!T2,4$+,!
($#,U8! +<2+,4$+-/(-!
&+-/4$4+-/#&! ?! &+-&(M
54#-+&! 1+! /+,-),(8! +,#M
/4&$#8! (6+5/#! ?! /($.4Q-!
/+$#,+&!?!1+&4')&4#-+&K!
95
 A;'E=$<"=;'=":;#$%&'
0"P8;:

\(&! 2,4$+,(&! ,+'(54#-+&!

&+<)('+&! &+! 1+541+-! >+M
-+,('$+-/+!.(*#!2,+&49-!
1+'! >,)2#! 1+! ($4>#&`(&!
?! 1+! '(! 2(,+*(K! 7)5N(&!
3+5+&! &+! (55+1+! 2#,! -#!
&(.+,! 1+54,! "e! #! 2#,M
+$,&7,&.*,,&+$,&.)0&,11)&
&+! >(-(,%! (5+2/(549-! ?!!
,+5#-#54$4+-/#K
96 97
 C:'"<H;=;U-'"&':;'
;/-:"0#"&#$;
:7& $0& (*)31,6-& +$,&
(6+5/(! (! )-! >,)2#! &4>-4M
"#.-8#D)& <,& -<)1,7.,08,7&
+-! +'! 0+,V8! 2)+&! #5),,+!
5#-! $)5N(! 6,+5)+-54(!
+-/,+! '(&! $)*+,+&! 1+! AJ!
(!AE!([#&!1+!+1(1K
O-7& 6$H,*,7& +$,& @-&
N(-! /+-41#! &)! 2,4$+,(!
100
$+-&/,)(549-! f#! $+M
0-*+$/-V& ()<*/-0& +$,M
1(,! +$.(,(Z(1(&! ')+>#!
1+! /+-+,! )-(! ,+'(549-!
&+<)('!-#!2,#/+>41(K!!P-M
.1$7)%& ?-@& .-7)7& ,0& +$,&
+'! +$.(,(Z#! &+! 2,#1)5+!
7#0&+$,&?-@-0&8,0#<)&7$&
2,4$+,(! $+-&/,)(549-K!
_+!(NI!'(!4$2#,/(-54(!1+!
)-(!(1+5)(1(!+1)5(549-!
&+<)('K
101
6,%<-'0"'0$"&."'
8&;';/-:"0#"&."'
"<H;=;U;/;>
H)+'+! /+-+,! 5)'2(! ?! $)M
5N#&! $4+1#&^! (! '(! &#'+M
<-<%&-&0)&7,*&+$,*#<-%&-1&
,+5N(Z#! 1+! &)&! 2(1,+&8!
1+! '#&! ($4>#&! ?! ($4>(&8!
(! -#! /+-+,! 14-+,#! 2(,(!
$(-/+-+,&+K
104
6789'#-&0"#8"&#$;0''
.=;"'":'"<H;=;U->
! \(&!(1#'+&5+-/+&!&+!
&4+-/+-!5)'2(.'+&!2#,!
N(.+,!1+6,()1(1#!(!
&)&!2(1,+&!?!($4>#&!
#!($4>(&K
! :2(,+5+-!,+5'($#&!!
@&.)0"1#.8)7&,08*,&
'#&!$4+$.,#&!1+!'(!
6($4'4(K
! R#-!+'!+$.(,(Z#8!
105
 '(&!(1#'+&5+-/+&! 2(,(!'(!$(1,+!
&)+'+-!$)5N(&! (1#'+&5+-/+!5#$#!
3+5+&!(4&'(,&+!1+!&)! 2(,(!+'!.+.Q!1),(-/+!
+-/#,-#!1+!($4>#&!?! +'!$4&$#!2,#5+&#!1+!
6($4'4(,+&K >+&/(549-!!+!4-5')&#!
! H+!3+!(6+5/(1(!&)! +'!2(,/#K
&(')1!1+.41#!(! ! H+!4-/+,,)$2+!'#&!
+$,&1)7&5*4-0)7& 2,#?+5/#&!?!$+/(&!
,+2,#1)5/43#&!(V-! 2+,&#-('+&K
-#!N(-!('5(-Z(1#!&)! ! H+!1+*(!'#&!+&/)14#&!
2'+-#!1+&(,,#''#!?! 1+'!5#'+>4#!#!-#!
$(1),+ZK &+!2)+1+-!''+3(,!
! P$2'45(!('/#!,4+&>#! (1+5)(1($+-/+K
106 107
! H+!+$24+Z(!(!/,(.(*(,! '(!6($4'4(!2#,!+'!
,0&)"#.#)7&6,0)*,7& +$.(,(Z#8!'(!>+&/(549-!
2(,(!&#'3+-/(,!'#&! ?!'(!5,4(-Z(!1+'!-4[#!#!
4-78)7&+$,&4,0,*-&,1& -4[(!2#,!-(5+,K
+$.(,(Z#K ! a+-+,(!2#.,+Z(8!
! 7(?#,$+-/+!+<4&/+!! 1)&+$,&#6(1#.-&
&+2(,(549-!1+!'(&! $+-#,!5,+54$4+-/#!
2(,+*(&!2#,!-#! ?!1+&(,,#''#!
&(.+,!59$#!(6,#-/(,! +5#-9$45#!1+'!2(I&K
+&/(!&4/)(549-!-#! ! H+!5#,,+!+'!,4+&>#!
(1-0#"#.-<-A 1+!/+-+,!-)+3#&!
! H+!/4+-+!2,#.'+$(&! +$.(,(Z#&!-#!
+5#-9$45#&!+-! (1-0#"#.-<)7A
108 109
6,%<-'E="I"&$=' 5#$2(,/4+-1#!
R'#8$/;=0"'/"'8&' #24-4#-+&!?!1)1(&!
"<H;=;U-> 5#-!/)&!2(1,+&K
! L+-4+-1#!2'+-(!
! S#,/('+54+-1#!/)! .)0"#-0F-&(-*-&
()/#+&/4$(K 1+54,'+!(!/)!2(,+*(!'#!
! L#$(-1#!.)+-(&! +$,&(#,07-7&7)3*,&1-7&
<,.#7#)0,7&+$,&0)& ,+'(54#-+&!&+<)('+&K
(6+5/+-!/)!341(!?!'(! ! R#-3+,&(-1#!!?!
1+!'#&!1+$%&K 2,+>)-/(-1#!(!
! L+-4+-1#!$+/(&!?! /)&!2,#6+&#,+&!?!
2,#?+5/#&!+-!'(!341(K 2,#6+&#,(&!&#.,+!+'!
! R#-3+,&(-1#!?! /+$(K
110 111
! R#-#54+-1#! (1+5)(1(K
'#&!$Q/#1#&! & R,.)0).#,0<)&+$,&
(-/45#-5+2/43#&K /4+-+&!+'!1+,+5N#!(!
! P-6#,$%-1#/+!&#.,+! <,.#<#*&7#&+$#,*,7&)&
'#&!/+$(&!&+<)('41(18! -#!/+-+,!,+'(54#-+&!
+$.(,(Z#8!)!#/,#&8! &+<)('+&K
2(,(!/#$(,!)-(!
1+54&49-!,+&2#-&(.'+K
! ;4&4/(-1#!
4-&/4/)54#-+&!?!#!
(55+1+,!(!2%>4-(&!
W,3&+$,&3*#0<,0&
4-6#,$(549-!
112 113
\#&!1+,+5N#&!&+<)('+&!/+! 2'(5+-/+,(!?!&+>),(K
2+,$4/+-!/#$(,!1+54&4#M ! _+,+5N#!(!1+54,!
-+&! (5+,5(! 1+'! +*+,5454#! T"#U!?!(!-#!&+-/4,!
1+! /)! &+<)('41(1K! Y&/#&! #.'4>(549-!1+!/+-+,!
&#-^ )-(!,+'(549-!&+<)('!
5#-!/)!+-($#,(1#`(K
& X,*,.?)&-&+$,&7,& ! _+,+5N#!(!,+54.4,!
,+&2+/+!/)!5)+,2#K! 4-6#,$(549-!
"(14+!2)+1+! +&2+54('4Z(1(8!
/#5(,/+!&4-!/)! 5#$2'+/(!?!&4-!
5#-&+-/4$4+-/#K 2,+*)454#&!&#.,+!'(!
! _+,+5N#!(!)-(! &+<)('41(1K
&+<)('41(1!1+&+(1(8!
116 117
! _+,+5N#!(!1+5414,! 2,43(541(1!?!.)+-!
'4.,+$+-/+!&4!1+&+(&! /,(/#K
/+-+,!N4*#&`(&!#!-#K! ! H4!)-(!$)*+,!N(!
h!&4!1+&+(&!/+-+,'#&8! &41#!6#,Z(1(!(!
1+,+5N#!(!1+5414,! /+-+,!,+'(54#-+&!
5)%-/#&!?!5)%-1#K &+<)('+&!/4+-+!
! _+,+5N#!(!,+54.4,! 1+,+5N#!(!,+54.4,!
4-6#,$(549-! (-/45#-5+2549-!#,('!
&#.,+!$Q/#1#&! 1+!+$+,>+-54(!+-!+'!
(-/45#-5+2/43#&K +&/(.'+54$4+-/#!1+!
! _+,+5N#!(!&+,! &(')1!2(,(!2,+3+-4,!
(/+-141(`#!+-! )-!+$.(,(Z#!-#!
&+,3454#&!1+! 1+&+(1#K
&(')1!5#-!5('41(18!
120 121
 H4! -+5+&4/(&! #,4+-/(549-!!
+!4-6#,$(549-^
! R#-3+,&(!5#-!$($%8!
2(2%!#!)-!6($4'4(,!1+!
8$&.)0"#-0F-A
! R#-3+,&(!5#-!/)!
2,#6+&#,`(!#!/)/#,`(!
<,&6-@)*&.)0"#<,0.#-A
! _4('#>(!5#-!(1)'/#&!
+$,&7,(-0&7)3*,&,1&
/+$(K
! :5Q,5(/+!('!5+-/,#!1+!
&(')1!$%&!5+,5(-#K
122 123
125
:
! 5#-/4-)(549-! /+!
.,4-1($#&! 4-6#,$(549-!
&#.,+!)-!6+-9$+-#!$)?!
2,+&+-/+! +-! '(! &#54+1(1!
2+,)(-(! ?! '(/4-#($+M
,45(-(^! +'! $(5N4&$#K!
R#$2,+-1+,%&! 59$#! &+!
N(-! 6#,$(1#! 41+(&! &#M
.,+!'(!$(&5)'4-41(1!?!'(!
6+$4-41(18! $)5N(&! 3+M
5+&! +-! /#/('! #2#&4549-! ?!
126
>+-+,(-1#! 1+&4>)('1(1!
+-! '(&! ,+'(54#-+&! 1+! >QM
-+,#8! &4+-1#! +''#! )-! 6(5M
/#,!1+!'(!143+,&(&!6#,$(&!
1+!34#'+-54(K
6,%<-'0"'J;&'D-=<;/-'
&8"0.=;0'$/";0';#.8;:"0'
0-H="':;'<;0#8:$&$/;/'
R'D"<$&$/;/>
\(!&#54+1(1!(&4>-(!,#'+&!
146+,+-54(1#&!(!N#$.,+&!
127
?! $)*+,+&! &+>V-! &)!
&+<#K!0#,!+''#8!'(&!2+,&#M
0-7%& #0"1$,0.#-<-7& ()*&
+'! +-/#,-#! 1#-1+! 34M
3+-8!6#,$(-!41+(&!&#.,+!
1)& +$,& ,7& 7,*& ?)63*,&
@& 1)& +$,& ,7& 7,*& 6$H,*%&
5#-3+-54Q-1#&+! 1+! '(!
3('41+Z! 1+! )-(! &+,4+! 1+!
<#>,*,0.#-7&+$,&D-0&6C7&
(''%! 1+! '#! .4#'9>45#8! ?!
&+! &#&/4+-+-! (/,4.)/#&!
2(,(! )-#&! ?! 2(,(! #/,(&K
128
Y&/+!5#-*)-/#!1+!5,++-54(&!
+! 41+(&! 6#,$(-! 2(,/+!
1+! '(&! T5#-&/,)554#-+&!
&#54('+&! 1+! >Q-+,#U! ?!
?-& .)08*#3$#<)& -& +$,& 7,&
>+-+,+-!+<2+5/(/43(&!14M
6+,+-/+&!?!$)5N(&!3+5+&!
5#-/,(2)+&/(&! ,+&2+5/#!
(!N#$.,+&!?!$)*+,+&K
129
")+&/,(! &#54+1(1! ! 2,#M
$)+3+! )-! /42#! 1+! $(&M
5)'4-41(1!+-!'(!5)('8!2(,(!
+$,&$0&?)63*,&7,-&.)0M
&41+,(1#! 5#$#! /('8! 1+.+!
&+,!(5/43#8!6)+,/+8!+<4/#&#8!
(>,+&43#8! -#! 1+$#&/,(,!
$4+1#!#!1+.4'41(18!+/5K!\(!
&#54+1(1! 4-5+-/43(! (1+M
$%&! 54+,/(&! ! 5#-1)5/(&!!
5#$#!!'(!!5#$2+/4/4341(18!!
'(!!1+$#&/,(549-!!1+!!34M
*#1#<-<%& & 1-& 3I7+$,<-& <,1&
132
,4+&>#!?!+'!)&#!1+!'(!34#M
'+-54(! +-! 1+/+,$4-(1(&!
54,5)-&/(-54(&K
_+! #/,#! '(1#8! (! '(&! $)M
*+,+&! &+! '+&! 4-5)'5(! '(!
&+-&4.4'41(18! 1+'45(1+Z(8!
&)$4&49-!?!&+!'+!2,#NI.+!
?-.,*&.)7-7&L+$,&7)0&<,&
N#$.,+&U!5#$#!+'!N+5N#!
1+! *)>(,! 6V/.#'8! 4,! &#'(!
-& 1-7& "#,78-7%& -0<-*& ()*&
'(&! -#5N+&! +-! '(&! 5(''+&K!
133
R)(-1#! &#-! $%&! >,(-M
<,7%&7,&,7(,*-&+$,&)(8,0&
()*& 1-& 6-8,*0#<-<%& +$,&
/+->(-! )-! N#$.,+! (! &)!
'(1#! ?! &+(-! (.-+>(1(&!
5#-!'(!6($4'4(K!H4!'(&!$)M
*+,+&! &+! &('+-! 1+! +&#&!
2(/,#-+&! &#-! 5)+&/4#-(M
1(&!6)+,/+$+-/+K
Y&/(! 6#,$(! 1+! &#54('4Z(M
549-8!.(&(1(!+-!5,++-54(&!
?! ,#'+&! +&/+,+#/42(1#&!
134
1+! '(&! 2+,&#-(&! +-! 6)-M
549-!1+!&)!&+<#!N(!>+-+M
*-<)& +$,& 1-7& *,1-.#)0,7&
+-/,+! N#$.,+&! ?! $)M
*+,+&! &+(-! 1+&4>)('+&8!
4-*)&/(&! ?! 1+&3+-/(*#M
&(&8! /(-/#! 2(,(! $)*+,+&!
5#$#! 2(,(! '#&! $4&$#&!
N#$.,+&8!5#-/,4.)?+-1#!
(&I! (! >+-+,(,! 1+&4>)('M
1(1+&!1+!>Q-+,#K
135
6W"'J;0'E8"0.-';'
E"&0;='F89'M8T8"."0'
0-&':-0'F8"'<G0'
="#$HK;0'"&'.8'
$&D;&#$;>
7)5N(&!$)*+,+&!$+-54#M
0-0&+$,&1)7&H$4$,8,7&+$,&
N(-!,+54.41#!+-!'(!4-6(-M
54(! &#-! $)[+5(&8! #''4/(&8!
*)+>#&!1+!/Q8!+-/,+!#/,#&8!
(&#54(1#&! (! '(&! /(,+(&!
1#$Q&/45(&8! +&! 1+54,! ('!
138
%$.4/#!2,43(1#K!P-5')&#8!
2,+1#$4-(! +'! 5#'#,! ,#M
&(1#! +-! $)5N#&! 1+! '#&!
#.*+/#&!2(,(!-4[(&K
_+! #/,#! '(1#8! $)5N#&!
N#$.,+&! ,+&2#-1+,%-!
+$,& 7,& 1,7& *,4-1-3-& .-M
,,4/#&8! &#'1(14/#&8! (34#M
0,7%& ,08*,& )8*)7%& +$,& 7,&
(&#54(-! (! '(! 6)+,Z(! ?! ('!
+&2(54#!2V.'45#K!
139
\(&! -4[(&! ?! '#&! -4[#&8!
(2,+-1+-! ?! -(/),('4Z(-!
-7/& 1)7& *)1,7& +$,& 1,7& 8)M
5(,%! (&)$4,! +-! &)! 341(!
-<$18-& @& ,7(,*-0& +$,&
'#&! 5#$2#,/($4+-/#&! 1+!
($.#&!f$)*+,+&^!+&2(54#!
2,43(1#8! N#$.,+&^! +&2(M
54#! 2V.'45#g! ,+&2#-1(-!
(! +&/#&! 2(/,#-+&! ?! /#1#!
-+$,11)& +$,& 7,& 7-14-& <,&
+&/+! 6#,$(/#! &+,%! 5)+&M
/4#-(1#!#!,+5N(Z(1#K
140 141
X,3,6)7&7-3,*&+$,Q 2(,(!5(1(!&+<#8!
! \(&!146+,+-54(&! +'(.#,(-1#!'#&!
&+<)('+&!+-! &4&/+$(&!1+!>Q-+,#8!
&I!$4&$(&!-#! ?!3('#,(-1#!
5#-&/4/)?+-! '#!6+$+-4-#!?!
-4!+<2'45(-!'(&! $(&5)'4-#!1+!$(-+,(!
1+&3+-/(*(&!+-/,+! 1+&4>)('8!+&/(&!
'(&!$)*+,+&!?!'#&! 146+,+-54(&!&+<)('+&!
N#$.,+&K! &+!5#-34+,/+-!+-!
! H9'#!5)(-1#! 1+&4>)('1(1+&!
4-/+,34+-+!'(! &#54('+&K
5)'/),(8!5,+(-1#!
'(&!41+-/41(1+&!
142 143
Y'! $#1+'#! 1+! $(&5)'4M
-41(1! N+>+$9-45(! 1+!
-)+&/,(! &#54+1(1! +&/%!
6)-1(1#! +-! +'! $(5N4&M
$#8! +&/+! 1+/+,$4-(!
'(&! 2()/(&! 1+! 59$#! '#&!
N#$.,+&!1+.+-!2+-&(,8!
&+-/4,! ?! 5#$2#,/(,&+!
+-! /#1#&! '#&! 2'(-#&!
f(6+5/43#8! 6($4'4(,8! '(M
.#,('8!+/5Kg!2(,(!2,#.(,!
+$,& 7)0& L?)63*,7& <,&
3+,1(1! T! ?! +34/(,! &+,!!
146
,4145)'4Z(1#&! &#54('M
$+-/+K! Y&/(&! 2()/(&! &+!
5#-34+,/+-!+-!$(-1(/#&!
1+!'(!$(&5)'4-41(1!+-!'(!
6,<#<-&+$,&1)7&?)63*,7&
&+! 3+-! 2,+&4#-(1#&! (!
5)$2'4,'#&K!
:!5#-/4-)(549-8!3+($#&!
('>)-#&!$(-1(/#&!1+!'(!
$(&5)'4-41(1! N+>+$9M
0#.-& +$,& 7,& 8*-076#8,0&
&#54('$+-/+^
147
 X-<H="'Y'Z;:$"&."'
@A-0'J-<H="0'&-'
::-=;&BN
:!'#&!N#$.,+&!&+!'+&!2+,M
$4/+! +<2,+&(,! +$#54#M
-+&!(&#54(1(&!(!'(!6)+,Z(!
?! '(! ()/#,41(18! 5#$#! +'!
+-#*#!?!'(!4,(8!2+,#!&+!'+&!
2,#NI.+! '(! +<2,+&49-! 1+!!
/+,-),(8!1#'#,!#!/,4&/+Z(8!
2#,!+&/(,!(&#54(1#&!(!'#!
6+$+-4-#K!R)%-/(&!3+5+&!
148
N+$#&! +&5)5N(1#! 1+54,!
-&1)7&0#E)7&+$,&0)&<,3,0&
11)*-*%& ()*+$,& ,7)& ,7& <,&
T-4[4/(&UK!
X-<H="'Y'[=-."#.-='
@\&'J-<H="'"0':;'
E=-."##$%&'/"'8&'
J-T;=BN
X,7<,& 6$@& (,+$,E)& @&
1+! 143+,&(&! $(-+,(&! &+!
'+! 4-&/,)?+! ('! -4[#! 2(,(!
149
+$,&-7$6-&,1&*)1&(*)8,.M
/#,!(&I!&+!'+!145+^!T_+.+&!
5)41(,! (! /)! N+,$(-4/(U8!
()-! 5)(-1#! Q'! &+(! $+M
0)*& +$,& ,11-A& Y& ,1& (-<*,&
145+^! TY-! $4! ()&+-54(!!
/V! +,+&! +'! N#$.,+! 1+! '(!
5(&(UK! _+! +&/(! $(-+,(!
+'! -4[#! 3(! (2,+-14+-1#!
,+$#D).-<-6,08,& +$,&
7,*&D-*50&,7&6C7&+$,&7,*&
$)*+,K!
150
X-<H="'Y'[=-I""/-='
\&'J-<H="'<;&.$"&"'
;'08'D;<$:$;BN
7)5N#&! -4[#&! N(-! 5,+M
541#! 34+-1#! (! &)&! 2(2%&!
&('4,! $)?! /+$2,(-#! 1+!
5(&(! ?! 3#'3+,! $)?! /(,1+8!
1+! +&(! $(-+,(! (&)$+-!
+$,&,1&(-(,1&<,&$0&(-<*,&
+&! $(-/+-+,! +5#-9$45(M
$+-/+!!'(!6($4'4(K!_+!(1)'M
/#&8! 4-/+-/(-! ,+2,#1)54,!
151
+&#&! ,#'+&! ?! 5)(-1#! -#!
2)+1+-!N(5+,'#!&+!+&/,+M
&(-8! 1+2,4$+-! ?! &)6,+-!
2#,! -#! 2#1+,! 5)$2'4,!
+&+!$(-1(/#!&#54('K
X-<H="'Y'QT="0$I-'
67)0/(-.)+)%2#8#%
J-<H="BN
X,7<,& (,+$,E)7& -& 1)7&
?)63*,7%&7,&1,7&,07,E-&+$,&
)-(!5#-1)5/(!&#54('$+-/+!
152
(5+2/(1(! +-! +'! 3(,9-! +&!
&+,!(>,+&43#K!:&I8!5)(-1#!
)-!-4[#!&+!$)+&/,(!1Q.4'!
#!&+-&4.'+8!'#&!(1)'/#&!&+!
+-5(,>(-!1+!,+2,#5N(,'+!
,& #078-*1)& -& +$,& -<)(8,&
5#-1)5/(&! T3(,#-4'+&UK!
0#,! +''#8! $)5N#&! 24+-M
7-0& +$,& ,1& ,H,*.#.#)& <,1&
5#-/,#'! ?! '(! 34#'+-54(!
,78C& H$78#"#.-<-& ,0& 1)7&
N#$.,+&K
153
 X-<H="'Y'Q#.$I-' &+<)('41(1! ?! /+-4+-1#!!
0"P8;:<"&."'@C:'/"0"-' ,+'(54#-+&! &+<)('+&! &4-!
0"P8;:'"0'$=="D="&;H:"' 2,#/+5549-8! ! 5,+?+-1#!
"&':-0'J-<H="0BN +$,&.)6)&?)63*,7&0)&1,&
2(&(,%!-(1(K!
7)5N#&!N#$.,+&!&+!3+-! X-<H="'Y'
2,+&4#-(1#&! (! 1+$#&M X"."=-0"P8;:'@Q'.-/-'
8*-*&+$,&8#,0,0&$0&3$,0& J-<H="':"'T80.;&':;0'
1+&+$2+[#! &+<)('K! Y&/#! <8M"="0BN
&+! ,+'(54#-(! /($.4Q-!
5#-!'(!+<2#&4549-!(!&4/)(M \(! $(&5)'4-41(1! N+M
54#-+&!1+!,4+&>#8!(!2)-/#! >+$9-45(! +&/%! ,+'(54#M
1+! 1+&5)41(,! &)! 2,#24(! -(1(! (! '(! 34,4'41(1! ?! '(!
154 155
,+2,#1)5549-8! 2#,! +''#!
1+&1+! +&/(! 2+,&2+5/43(!
+<4&/+! /+$#,! +-! +'! (5+,M
5($4+-/#!1+!'#&!5)+,2#&!
$(&5)'4-#&! f(.,(Z(,8!
.+&(,g8! $%&! (V-! +<4&/+!
$4+1#! 1+! '(! N#$#&+M
=$-1#<-<%& ()*& 1)& +$,&
1+&1+! +&/(! 2+,&2+5/43(!
7,& <,7.-1#"#.-*C& 8)<-& 1-7&
+<2,+&4#-+&! $(&5)'4-(&!
+$,&0)&.$6(1-0&.)0&,78,&
$(-1(/#K
156 157
158 159
 6789'"0'":'<;#J$0<->

H4!!.4+-!!+<4&/+-!!$V'/42'+&!!
$(-+,(&!!1+!!&+,!!N#$.,+8!!
-)+&/,(!5)'/),(!!!2,#$)+3+!!
$0&&6)<,1)&&<,&?)63*,&+$,&&
&+! 4$2#-+! &#.,+! #/,#&8! ?!
,+5N(Z(!'#!6+$+-4-#K

7)5N#&! N#$.,+&! &4>)+-!

+&/#&! 2(/,#-+&! ?! &+! 3+-!
#.'4>(1#&! (! 1+$#&/,(,!
.)08#0$-6,08,& +$,& 7$7&
160 161
5#$2#,/($4+-/#&!&#-!'#&!
/I245#&! 5#$2#,/($4+-/#&!
$(&5)'4-#&!(5+2/(1#&!+-!
'(!&#54+1(1K!
Y&/(! 6#,$(! 1+! +-/+-1+,!
'#! $(&5)'4-#! +&/%! .(M
&(1(! +-! )-! 5#-*)-/#! 1+!
.*,,0.#-7& +$,& 7,& ,07,M
[(-!(!'#&!N#$.,+&8!(&4>M
-%-1#'+&! 1+/+,$4-(1#&!
2,434'+>4#&8!&)2+,4#,41(18!!
2#1+,!?!()/#,41(1!6,+-/+!
162
(!'(&!$)*+,+&8!?!&+!5#-#M
5+! 5#$#! $(&5)'4-41(1!
$(5N4&/(K
6,%<-'0"'"PE="0;'":'
<;#J$0<-'"&':;'D;<$:$;>
H+!+<2,+&(!5)(-1#^
! Y'!2(1,+!+&!+'!V-45#!!
+$,&,H,*.,&,1&()<,*&
&#.,+!'(!+&2#&(!+!
N4*#&`(&K
163
! Y'!2(1,+!1+541+!&#'#! 6,%<-'0"'"PE="0;'
'#&!>(&/#&!1+'!N#>(,K ":'<;#J$0<-'"&':;'
! \#&!3(,#-+&!1+!'(!5(&(! E;="M;>
-#!5#$2(,/+-!'(&!
'(.#,+&!5#/414(-(&!!1+'! H+!+<2,+&(!5)(-1#^
N#>(,^!.(,,+,8!'(3(,!'#&! ! Y<4&/+!4-/,#$4&49-!
2'(/#&8!+/5 +-!'(!341(!2,43(1(!
! \#&!N4*#&!3(,#-+&! 1+!'(!2(,+*(^!,+34&(,!
/4+-+-!$(?#,!'4.+,/(1! &)!5+')'(,8!S(5+.##i8!
2(,(!&('4,!(!'(!5(''+8! +/5K
"#,78-7&)&7-1#*&.)0&7$7& ! "#!&+!,+&2+/(!&)!
($4&/(1+&K! 6#,$(!1+!3+&/4,!#!
6-+$#11-*7,A
164 165
! H+!'+!2,#NI.+!(!'(!
2(,+*(!3+,!(!&)&!
($4&/(1+&K
! "#!&+!/#$(!+-!5)+-/(!
&)&!#24-4#-+&K
! H+!N(5+!5(&#!#$4&#!
1+!&)&!-+5+&41(1+&K
! H+!'+!N(5+!
.)6,08-*#)7&+$,&1-&
1+>,(1(-!#!1+-4>,(-!
2#,!&)!5#-14549-!1+!
$)*+,K

166 167
 ?$.-0'<;#J$0.;0
\#&!$4/#&!$(5N4&/(&!+&M
/%-!,+&2('1(1#&!2#,!)-(!
7).#,<-<& +$,& 8)<-D/-&
.)07#<,*-& +$,& 1-& 6$H,*&
1+.+!+&/(,!&).#,14-(1(!
('!N#$.,+!?!.)&5(-!*)&M
8#"#.-*& 1-& D#)1,0.#-& 7$8#1&
?! '(! 34#'+-54(! +<2'I54/(!
?-.#-&,11-7&)&8)<)&-+$,M
11)& +$,& *,(*,7,08,& 1)&!
6+$+-4-#K
170
?$.-)'@[-=F8"'R-'0-R'":'
J-<H="'."&T-'/"="#J-'
;'/"#$/$='#-&'F8$9&'
#-&I"=0;'"::;'R'E8"/-'
<$=;='08'#":8:;='E;=;'
I"='F8$9&':;'::;<;N']-'
0-:-':;'#8$/-BN
C0' D;:0-' E-=F8")! R(1(!
2+,&#-(!+&!'4.,+!1+!1+54M
<#*&.)0&+$#G0&7-1,&)&.)0&
+$#G0& 7,& D-& & *,1-.#)0-*A&
L,(/(,! 1+! 1+5414,! +&/#!
171
2#,! '(! #/,(! 2+,&#-(! ?!
,+34&(,!&)&!5#&(&!2+,&#M
-('+&! +&! )-(! 6#,$(! 1+!
>-18-*1,& *,7(,8)& +$,& 0)&
1+.+$#&!/#'+,(,K
?$.-)'@A-0'J-<H="0'
0-<-0'08E"=$-="0';'
:;0'<8M"="0^'E-='"0-'
."&"<-0'=;U%&'"&'.-/-BN
C0' D;:0-' E-=F8")! =#$M
.,+&! ?! $)*+,+&! /+-+$#&!
'#&! $4&$#&! 1+,+5N#&!
172
-(14+!+&!&)2+,4#,8!&+,!14M
>,*,08,7& 0)& H$78#"#.-& +$,&
7,& <,3-& H$78#"#.-*& 1-& <,7M
4>)('1(1! 5#-! 1+&3+-/(*(!
2(,(! '(&! $)*+,+&8! 1+&5#M
-#54+-1#! (&I! &)&! #24-4#M
-+&8! &+-/4$4+-/#&! #! 1+54M
&4#-+&K
?$.-)'@C:'/"0"-'0"P8;:'
"&'":'J-<H="'"0'
$&#-&.=-:;H:"BN
173
C0' D;:0-' E-=F8")! +'! 1+M
&+#! &+<)('! -#! 1+2+-1+!
1+'! >Q-+,#! 1+! '(&! 2+,M
&#-(&8! &4-#! 1+'! /+$2+M
,($+-/#! 1+! '(&! $4&$(&K!
0#,! +''#! 2)+1+-! +<4&/4,!!
5N45#&! ! 5#-! 2#5#! 1+&+#!
&+<)('! 5#$#! 5N45(&! 5#-!
$)5N#! 1+&+#! &+<)('K! Y-!
/#1#!5(&#!'#!4$2#,/(-/+!
,7& +$,& 1-& 7,=$-1#<-<& <,&
'(!2(,+*(!1+.+!&+,!)-!+&M
2(54#!1+!+-5)+-/,#!5#-M
174
&+-&)(1#8! ?! +-! -4->V-!
5(&#!!)-(!4$2#&4549-!1+'!
3(,9-K
?$.-)'@C::;'E=-I-#%'
F8"'R-'<"'"&-M;=;'R'
E-='"0-':;';T="/KBN
C0' D;:0-' E-=F8")! Y-!
-)+&/,(! &#54+1(18! $)M
.?)7& ?)63*,7& +$,& 7,&
,4>+-! 2#,! 2(/,#-+&! $(M
5N4&/(&! N(-! (2,+-141#!
175
,+$#D).-<-6,08,&-&$7-*&
'(!34#'+-54(!5#$#!$+14#!
<,&.)08*)1A&X,3,&+$,<-*&
.1-*)& +$,& +$#,0& ,H,*.,&
34#'+-54(! 1+.+! ,+&2#-M
&(.4'4Z(,&+! 1+! &)&! (5/#&!
@&0)&H$78#"#.-*1)7&.$1(-0M
1#!(!'(!3I5/4$(K

176 177
 ,-&0"#8"&#$;0'/":'
<;#J$0<-
H4! .4+-! '(! $(&5)'4-41(1!
$(5N4&/(! ! #/#,>(! )-(! &+M
,4+!1+!2,434'+>4#&!('!3(,9-8!
-&1-*4)&(1-F)&,1&(*,.#)&+$,&
2(>(-! '#&! N#$.,+&! ! 2#,!!
8*-8-*& <,& <,6)78*-*& +$,&
&#-!T3+,1(1+,#&!$(5N#&U!
+&! ('/I&4$#! ?! /4+-+! 5#-M
&+5)+-54(&! +-! &)! &(')1!!
"/7#.-%&,6).#)0-1&&@&7)3*,&
178
/#1#!'+&!4$241+!!/+-+,!,+M
'(54#-+&! (,$#-4#&(&! 5#-!
&)!2(,+*(!?!'(!6($4'4(K
6,%<-';D"#.;'":'
<;#J$0<-';':-0'
J-<H="0>
! \#&!N#$.,+&!343+-!
+&/,+&(1#&!2#,!/+-+,!
+$,&6)78*-*&7#,6(*,&
&)!$(&5)'4-41(1^!&+,!
6)+,/+&8!3('4+-/+&8!
179
 2,#/+5/#,+&8!(5/43#&! ! R)(-1#!&#-!2(1,+&8!
&+<)('$+-/+8!+/5K -#!2)+1+-!14&6,)/(,!
! "#!+&/%-!2+,$4/41#&! 1+!)-(!2(/+,-41(1!
1+!+<2,+&(,!&)&! 5+,5(-(!?!(6+5/)#&(!
+$#54#-+&!f/,4&/+Z(8! 5#-!&)&!N4*#&`(&K
1#'#,8!''(-/#8!/+,-),(8!
(6+5/#g8!+''#!!'+&! 6,%<-';D"#.;'":'
2,#3#5(!&#'+1(1!?!+&! <;#J$0<-';':;0'
)-!,4+&>#!1+!$V'/42'+&!
<8M"="0>
+-6+,$+1(1+&K
! H+!/#,-(-! ! \+&!4$241+!+*+,5+,!+'!
4-+<2,+&43#&8!2#5#!
2'+-#!+*+,5454#!1+!&)&!
(6+5/43#&!?!+>#I&/(&!+-!
&)!,+'(549-!1+!2(,+*(K 1+,+5N#&K

180 181
6,%<-';D"#.;'":'
<;#J$0<-';':;'
E-H:;#$%&'A_W`a>
]-#!1+!'#&!$(-1(/#&!$(M
5N4&/(&! +&! '(! N#$#6#.4(8!
+&! 1+54,! +'! ,+5N(Z#! (! '(&!
2+,&#-(&!N#$#&+<)('+&!#!
?-.#-&-+$,11)7&?)63*,7&@&
6$H,*,7&+$,&?-0&7-1#<)&<,&
'#&!2(/,#-+&!$(&5)'4-#&!#!
>,6,0#0)7&+$,&1-&7).#,<-<&
+<4>+K!:'!&+,!'(!N#$#6#.4(8!
182
'+&.#6#.4(8!/,(-&6#.4(8!)-(!
$(-46+&/(549-!1+!$(5N4&M
$#8! 4-/+-/(! (&+>),(,&+!
+$,&0-<#,&($,<-&.)0>$0<#*&
(! )-! N#$.,+! $(&5)'4-#8!
$(5N#8! N+/+,#&+<)('! 5#-!
(,*7)0-7& +$,& 8#,0,0& $0-&
#,4+-/(549-! &+<)('! 146+M
,+-/+K! _+! +&/(! 6#,$(! +'!
$(5N4&$#! ,+5N(Z(! '(! 14M
3+,&41(1! &+<)('! ?! +&! )-(!
+<2,+&49-! 1+! 14&5,4$4-(M
549-!1+!>Q-+,#K
183
["=-'J;R'-.=;'D-=<;' ! 0(,/4542(!1+!'(&!
/"'0"='J-<H="0 /(,+(&!1+!5(&(8!+&#!
-#!/+!N(5+!$+-#&!
"#! +&/%&! #.'4>(1#! (! ,+M N#$.,+8!/+!N(5+!
2+/4,!'#&!5#$2#,/($4+-M 4-1+2+-14+-/+K
/#&! $(5N4&/(&K! 0)+1+&! ! :/,Q3+/+!(!
+'+>4,! ! &+,! )-! N#$.,+! 1+&(,,#''(,!/)!
14&/4-/#^! 2#/+-54('41(18!
! _+$)+&/,(!/)! 4-5')&#!+-!
(6+5/4341(1!&4-!/+$#,! #5)2(54#-+&!-#!
('!&+[('($4+-/#!&#54('K /,(1454#-('+&^!
! \'#,(!5)(-1#! ,+2#&/+,I(8!
-+5+&4/+&!N(5+,'#K 1+5#,(549-!)!#/,(&8!
186 187
 &4-!/+$#,!(!'#&!
2,+*)454#&!&#54('+&K
! Y<2,+&(!5#-!
8*-0+$#1#<-<&
?!,+&2+/#!/)&!
#24-4#-+&8!1+&+#&!?!
&+-/4$4+-/#&K
! 7(-+*(!+'!+-#*#8!
&4-!(5)14,!(!'(!4,(!#!
34#'+-54(K!!

188 189
,8;&/-';H;&/-&;0' ! L4+-+&!'(!2#&4.4'41(1!
":'<;#J$0<- 1+!+<2,+&(,!
'4.,+$+-/+!/#1(&!/)&!
! L+!&+-/4,%&!!$)5N#! +$#54#-+&K
$%&!'4.,+8!&4-!'(! ! _4&6,)/(&!1+!)-(!
#.'4>(549-!1+!&+,! $+*#,!,+'(549-!5#-!/)!
6)+,/+!(-/+!'#&!1+$%&! 2(,+*(K
?!(-/+!/4!$4&$#K ! a(-(&!()/#+&/4$(!?!
! :'!(.(-1#-(,! 5,+5+&!5#$#!2+,&#-(K
+'!$(5N4&$#!/+! ! L+!&+-/4,%&!$+*#,!
5#-34+,/+&!+-!)-(! 5#-!/)!+-/#,-#!?!
2+,&#-(!$%&!*)&/(!?! 1-7&(,*7)0-7&+$,&
&#'41(,4(K +$#,*,7A
190 191
Y
-! +&/(! &+5549-! +-M
5#-/,(,%&! 4-6#,$(549-!
&#.,+!+'!(5#&#!&+<)('!+-!
+&2(54#&! 2V.'45#&8! )-(!
1+!'(&!6#,$(&!1+!34#'+-M
.#-& ?-.#-& 1-& 6$H,*& +$,&
$)5N(&!3+5+&!+&!/#'+,(1(8!
-#,$('4Z(1(! +! 4-34&4M
.4'4Z(1(! +-! '(! &#54+1(1!
5#$#! )-! ,+('! 2,#.'+$(!
2(,(!'(&!$)*+,+&K
194
Q#-0-'0"P8;:'"&'
"0E;#$-0'ESH:$#-0'
6789'"0>
K,& *,"#,*,& -& 1-7& >*-7,7%&
>+&/#&8! $4,(1(&! 4-3(M
&43(&8! &4'.41#&8! &#-41#&!
1+! .+&#&8! /#5($4+-/#&!
4-1+&+(1#&8! $(&/),.(M
549-! 2V.'45(8! +<N4.454#M
-4&$#8! &+>)4$4+-/#! ! f(!
24+! #! +-! ()/#g8! /#$(! 1+!
>)8)4*-"/-7%& ,08*,& )8*)7%&
195
5#-!)-!+341+-/+!5(,%5/+,!
&+<)('8! '#&! 5)('+&! >+-+M
*-0& *,.?-F)& @& +$,& 7)0&
,+('4Z(1#&! +-! '(&! 5(''+&8!
5(,,#&!?!1+$%&!+&2(54#&!
2V.'45#&K

=#$.,+&!?!$)*+,+&!2)+M
1+-! &)6,4,! &4/)(54#-+&!
1+! (5#&#8! 2+,#! +&! $%&!
6,+5)+-/+!+-!$)*+,+&K

196 197
678$9&"0'0-&':-0'
;#-0;/-="0>
a+-+,('$+-/+! +'! (5#&(M
1#,! +&! )-! N#$.,+! 1+&M
5#-#541#! #! )-! >,)2#! 1+!
N#$.,+&!1+&5#-#541#&K
a<E-=.;&."'#-&-#"=
Y'!(5#&#!&+<)('!+-!+&2(M
54#&!2V.'45#&!#!/($.4Q-!
''($(1#! (5#&#! &+<)('!
5(''+*+,#8! +&! )-(! (>,+M
7#50& +$,& 0)& <,H-& ?$,11-&
200
"/7#.-%&7#0&,63-*4)&->,.8-&
(!'(&!$)*+,+&!1+!$(-+,(!
-+>(/43(K!
H+! (5#&/)$.,(! +-! +&/(!
&#54+1(1! 5)'2(.4'4Z(,! (!
1-& 6$H,*%& H$78#"#.-0<)&!
145N(!!(5549-!?!N(54+-1#!!
5#$+-/(,4#&!5#$#^
! TY&/%&!$)?!
1+&5).4+,/(!2#,!+&#!
/+!2(&(!+&#UK
201
!! TY-!,+('41(1!'+&!
4$78-&+$,&1-7&
24,#2++-8!2#,!+&#!-#!
145+-!-(1(UK
& LK#&0)&1,7&4$78-&+$,&
'+&!14>(-!-(1(!+&!
()*+$,&7,4$*)&)<#-0&
(!'#&!N#$.,+&UK

202 203
6,8G:"0'0-&':-0'.$E-0' ,-<"&.;=$-0'"'
/"';#-0-'0"P8;:'"&' $&0$&8;#$-&"0'/"'
"0E;#$-0'ESH:$#-0> #;=G#."='0"P8;:
H#-^ H#-!2('(.,(&!#!6,(&+&!&).4M
1(&!1+!/#-#!#!5#$+-/(,4#&!
Q#.-0'0$:"&#$-0-0'/"' 5#-!('/#!5#-/+-41#!&+<)('K
&;.8=;:"U;'0"P8;:^'
I"=H;:'-'T"0.8;: _"0.-0'-H0#"&-0'F8"'
H+! ,+64+,+! (! $4,(1(&! ="08:."&'$&0-E-=.;H:"0^'
4-(2,#24(1(&! #! >+&/#&! J-0.$:"0^'J8<$::;&."0'8'
5#-! 5#-/+-41#! &+<)('! -D"&0$I-0
+$,& 4,0,*-0& #07,4$*#M Y&/#&! >+&/#&! 34+-+-!
1(18!$4+1#8!3+,>c+-Z(K! (5#$2([(1#&!1+!!2('(.,(&!
206 207
D$14-*,7& +$,& ($,<,0&
N(5+,!(')&49-!('!5)+,2#!1+!
'(!$)*+,K
W-#;<$"&.-0'$&/"H$/-0^'
=-0"0'#-=E-=;:"0^'
D=-.;<$"&.-0'#-&.=;'":'
#8"=E-'-'<;0.8=H;#$%&'
Y&/(!$#1('41(1!1+!(5#&#!
&+<)('!&+!,+('4Z(!5#$V-M
$+-/+! +-! '#&! 3+NI5)'#&!
1+!/,(&2#,/+!2V.'45#8!'#&!
(5#&(1#,+&! (2,#3+5N(-!
208
1-7& ?)*-7& ,0& +$,& 1)7&
9$-4.)&! +&/%-! 5#$2'+M
/($+-/+! ''+-#&! 2(,(! ,#M
&(,8!/#5(,!#!$(-#&+(,!+'!
5)+,2#!1+!!'(&!$)*+,+&K!
CPJ$H$#$%&'/"'
T"&$.;:"0'
B,7,&-&+$,&7,&8*-8-&<,&$0&
(5/#! 1+! 34#'+-54(! &+<)('!
7#0& .)08-.8)& "/7#.)%& ,78-&
$#1('41(1!+&!)-(!1+!'(&!
$%&!1+-4>,(-/+&K
209
 ,8G:"0'0-&':;0''
#;=;#."=K0.$#;0'F8"'
#-<E="&/"'":';#-0-'
0"P8;:'"&'"0E;#$-0'
ESH:$#-0
Y'! (5#&#! &+<)('! +-! +&2(M
54#&!2V.'45#&!+&!,+('4Z(1#!
2#,! N#$.,+&! $(5N4&/(&!
+$,&3$7.-0&7)6,8,*&-&1-7&
$)*+,+&! (! /,(3Q&! 1+! +&/(!
6#,$(! 1+! 34#'+-54(! &4'+-M
54(1(!+-!'(!&#54+1(1K!
212
T)0&,1&-.)7)%&7,&L.)7#"#.-M&
(!'(&!$)*+,+&!?!&)!5)+,2#K!
Y&/(&! (554#-+&! ,+3+'(-!
,+'(54#-+&! 1+! 2#1+,! +-M
/,+! >Q-+,#&8! 2)+&! &#-!
,+('4Z(1(&! &#.,+! /#1#!
2#,! N#$.,+&! ?! ,+5(+-!
6)-1($+-/('$+-/+!&#.,+!
$)*+,+&8!+-!'(!$(?#,I(!1+!
5(&#&8!,+('4Z%-1#'#&!&#'#&!
#!+-!>,)2#K!"#!&+!1(!1+!'(!
$4&$(!6#,$(!?!6,+5)+-54(!
213
+-! /#1#&! '#&! >,)2#&! 1+!
+1(1K! H+>V-! 143+,&#&!
+&/)14#&8! &+! N(! 2#141#!
.)6(*)3-*& +$,& 1-7& 6C7&
(6+5/(1(&! &#-! '(&! 2V.+M
,+&!#!(1#'+&5+-/+&K!
R#-! +'! (5#&#! &+<)('! &+!
+341+-54(! 5'(,($+-/+! +'!
+*+,5454#! $(5N4&/(! 1+'!
2#1+,! 1+'! N#$.,+! N(54(!
1-&6$H,*%&-&+$#,0&D,&.)6)&
'(!!$%&!1Q.4'K!
214
Y'! (5#&#! &+<)('! +-! +&2(M
54#&!2V.'45#&!(6+5/(!(!'(&!
6$H,*,7&()*+$,Q
! "#!2)+1+-!14&6,)/(,!
1+!'(!54)1(1!?!&)&!
+&2(54#&!2V.'45#&!
5#-!'4.+,/(1K
! H+!3+!'4$4/(1#!
&)!1+,+5N#!(!'(!
&+>),41(1K
& P#,0,0&+$,&
(,07-*&+$G&8*-H,&)&
215
 3+&/4$+-/(!)/4'4Z(,! '(!1+!'#&!N#$.,+&8!
2(,(!-#!&+,!(5#&(1(K @-&+$,&,11)7&($,<,0&
! 0)+1+-!+&/,+&(,&+!#! 1+&2'(Z(,&+!
&+-/4,!2%-45#!1+!'#&! (.4+,/($+-/+!2#,!'(!
N#$.,+&K $(?#,I(!1+!5(''+&8!&4-!
! Y-!('>)-#&!5(&#&8! -4->)-(!,+&/,45549-!?!
&+!(I&'(-!#!&+! +''(&!-#K
2,43(-!1+'!+&2(54#! ! Y-!/('+&!
(I31#.)%&()*+$,&1)& 54,5)-&/(-54(&8!
5#-&41+,(-!2+'4>,#&#! ('>)-(&!$)*+,+&!
?!($+-(Z(-/+K 8#,0,0&+$,&<,7-**)11-*&
! H)!&4/)(549-!+&! +&/,(/+>4(&!
1+&4>)('!,+&2+5/#!(! 4-14341)('+&!#!
216 217
5#'+5/43(&!2(,(!
2,#/+>+,!&)!4-/+>,41(1!
?!2(,/4542(,!1+!'(!
341(!&#54('!&#'#!2#,!+'!
N+5N#!1+!&+,!$)*+,+&K

218 219
 V-=<;0'F8"'E=-."b
T"&';&."'0$.8;#$-&"0'
/"'';#-0-'0"P8;:'"&'
"0E;#$-0'ESH:$#-0'
\(!\+?!FjFAD8!T\+?!2(,(!
2,+3+-4,! ?! &(-54#-(,! +'!
(5#&#!&+<)('!+-!+&2(54#&!
2V.'45#&U!/4+-+!2#,!#.*+M
/#! 2,+3+-4,! ?! &(-54#-(,!
+'! (5#&#! &+<)('! 2,#1)54M
1#! +-! +&2(54#&! 2V.'45#&!
+$,& ->,.8-0& 1)7& <,*,.?)7&
222 223
1+! '(&! 2+,&#-(&8! +&! +&2+M &+<)('!+-!+&2(54#&!
54('8! '#&! 1+,+5N#&! 1+! '(&! 2V.'45#&K
$)*+,+&K
0(,(! +6+5/#&! 1+! '(! \+?! Y'!R914>#!0+-('!2+,)(-#!
FjFAD^ +-! +'! (,/I5)'#! AGF! $+-M
! :5#&(1#,!#! 54#-(!'#!&4>)4+-/+K!TH+,%!
(5#&(1#,(!+&!/#1(! ,+2,4$41#!5#-!2+-(!2,4M
(,*7)0-&+$,&*,-1#F-& 3(/43(8! 1+! '4.+,/(1! -#!
)-!(5/#!#!(5/#&!1+! $+-#,! 1+! 1#&! ([#&! +'!
(5#&#!&+<)('!+-! +$,%& ,0& 1$4-*& (I31#.)%&
+&2(54#&!2V.'45#&K ,+('4Z(! +<N4.454#-4&$#8!
! :5#&(1#!#!(5#&(1(! >+&/#&8! /#5($4+-/#&! )!
,7&8)<-&(,*7)0-&+$,& #/,(! 5#-1)5/(! 1+! I-1#'+!
+&!3I5/4$(!1+!(5#&#! #.&5+-(UK
224 225
Q:T8&-0'#-&0"M-0' #!)-!(>+-/+!1+!
D="&."';:';#-0-'"&' 7,*,0-F4)&(-*-&+$,&
"0E;#$-0'ESH:$#-0) 8)6,&1-7&6,<#<-7&+$,&
5#,,+&2#-1+-K
! H4!#.&+,3(&!(5/#&!1+! ! H4!+,+&!#.*+/#!1+!
-(/),('+Z(!&+<)('8!! /#5($4+-/#&!4-1+.41#&8!
3+,.('!#!>+&/)('8! ,#&+&!5#,2#,('+&8!
-#!1)1+&!+-!2+14,! 6,#/($4+-/#&!
(?)1(!!(!'(&!2+,&#-(&! 5#-/,(!+'!5)+,2#!#!
+$,&,78C0&-&8$&1-<)& $(&/),.(549-!+-!+'!
#!5+,5(!1+!/4K!].45(!(! /,(-&2#,/+!2V.'45#8!
)-!+6+5/43#!2#'454('! ,7&0,.,7-*#)&+$,&,1&

228 229
(>,+&#,!&+(!1+/+-41#8!
<,3#<)&-&+$,&($,<,&
,+('4Z(,!+&/#&!(5/#&!
4$2)-+$+-/+!5#-!$%&!
$)*+,+&8!241+!(?)1(!('!
5N#6+,8!('!5#.,(1#,!?!
(!'(&!1+$%&!2+,&#-(&!
+$,&7,&,0.$,08*,0&
! \(!2#'45I(!/4+-+!+'!
+-!+'!9$-4.)&!2(,(!
1+/+-+,'#!?!''+3(,'#!(!'(!
()/#,41(1!5#$2+/+-/+!
(-*-&+$,&*,.)0)F.-&,1&
1+'4/#!5#$+/41#K!
230
! Y'!+<N4.454#-4&$#!
1+!>+-4/('+&!+-!+'!
/,(&2#,/+!#!')>(,+&!
2V.'45#&8!!/($.4Q-!+&!
)-(!6#,$(!1+!34#'+-54(!
7,=$-1&+$,&<,3,&7,*&
1+-)-54(1(K
1+.+,!1+!$(-/+-+,!
+'!#,1+-!2V.'45#!2#,!
1)&+$,%&.$-1+$#,*&-.8)&
+$,&-8,08,&.)08*-&,78,%&
231
 1+.+!&+,!(/+-141#! ,>,.8#D)&)"#.#-1%&(#<,&
2#,!+&/(!4-&/4/)549-8! (?)1(!(!'(&!2+,&#-(&!
+&!+'!$4&$#!5(&#! -<$18-7&+$,&,78C0&
5#-!+'!2+,&#-('!1+'! *)-/#!(!/4K
&+,+-(Z>#K
! H4!('>V-!N#$.,+!/+!
! H4!+,+&!$+-#,!1+!+1(1! 6(&/414(8!2#,!+*+$2'#!
+<4&/4,%-!$(?#,+&! &4!/+!$#'+&/(!5)(-1#!
*-F)0,7&(-*-&+$,& &('+&!1+'!5#'+>4#8!!
'(&!()/#,41(1+&!/+! 5#$)-I5('#!(!'(&!
2,#/+*(-!?!-#!1+.+&! 2+,&#-(&!(1)'/(&8!
2+,1+,!'(!#2#,/)-41(1! 2(1,+&8!2,#6+&#,+&!#!
1+!N(5+,!&(.+,!(!)-! 14,+5/#,!1+!'(!PKYK!2(,(!

232 233
 +$,&($,<-0&#08,*D,0#*&
,%241($+-/+K!!
! 041+!(!/)!/)/#,`(!1+!
1-&UA:A&+$,&7,&?-31,&<,&
+&/+!/+$(!+-!'(!5'(&+K
H4! +,+&! /+&/4>#! 1+! )-(! &4M
/)(549-!1+!(5#&#!N(54(!)-(!
! H+-&4.4'4Z(!(!#/,#&!
$)*+,^
! 0)+1+&!N(5+,!5#-/(5/#!
34&)('!5#-!+'!(>,+&#,!
5)(-1#!Q&/+!&+!
234
+-5)+-/,+!$4,(-1#!
4-3(&43($+-/+!(!)-(!
$)*+,K!R)(-1#!)-!
(>,+&#,!&+!&4+-/+!
#.&+,3(1#!2#,!#/,#!
N#$.,+8!2#-+!('/#!(!&)!
(5#&#K
N#$.,+&!2(,(!1+/+-+,!
+'!(5#&#!+-!'#&!+&2(54#&!
2V.'45#&K!\#&!24,#2#&8!
'(&!$4,(1(&!4-3(&43(&!
235
)!#/,(&!6#,$(&!1+!
(5#&#!&#-!)-!(/,#2+''#!
(!'(!4-/4$41(1!1+!'(&!
$)*+,+&!?!)-(!6#,$(!
<,&D#)1,0.#-&+$,&0)&7,&
1+.+!/#'+,(,K

236 237
239
: ! 5#-/4-)(549-! /+!
.,4-1($#&! 4-6#,$(549-!
&#.,+! '(! 34#'+-54(! 6($4M
1#-*&+$,&->,.8-&-&$0&4*-0&
-V$+,#! 1+! -4[#&8! -4[(&!
?! (1#'+&5+-/+&! ?! 59$#!
2,+3+-4,'(K! L($.4Q-! +-M
5#-/,(,%&! 4-6#,$(549-!
<,& 1-7& #078#8$.#)0,7& +$,&
2,+&/(-! #,4+-/(549-! ?!
(?)1(! (! '(&! 2+,&#-(&!
240
(6+5/(1(&! 2#,! 34#'+-54(!
6($4'4(,!+-!+'!0+,VK
6789'"0':;'I$-:"&#$;>
;4#'+-54(! +&! 5)(-1#! ('M
>)4+-!)/4'4Z(!&)!6)+,Z(!#!
(.)&(!1+!&)!2#1+,!2(,(!
'(&/4$(,! (! #/,#`(! 5#-!
4-/+-54#-('41(1K
241
6789'"0':;'I$-:"&#$;'
D;<$:$;=>
;4#'+-54(! 6($4'4(,! +&! 5)('M
+$#,*& -..#50& )& .)0<$.8-&
+$,&.-$7-&6$,*8,%&<-E)&)&
&)6,4$4+-/#! +-/,+! '#&! 4-M
/+>,(-/+&! 1+! )-(! 6($4'4(K!
0)+1+!$(-46+&/(,&+!1+!6#,M
6-& (7#.)154#.-%& "/7#.-%& 7,M
<)('! +! 4-5')&#! +5#-9$45(K!!
\(!34#'+-54(!6($4'4(,!(6+5/(!
'(!&(')1!4-/+>,('!1+!'(!2+,M
&#-(!?!&)!.4+-+&/(,K
242
\(!34#'+-54(!1([(!(!'(&!6(M
6#1#-7& @& 0)& ?-@& 0-<-& +$,&
1-& H$78#"#+$,A& :0& 8$& ?)4-*&
#! 5#-! /)! 2(,+*(! 2)+1+-!
,=#78#*& .*#7#7& @& .)0"1#.8)7%&
&#-!-#,$('+&8!2+,#!+&/#!&+!
2)+1+!&#')54#-(,!$+14(-M
/+!+'!14%'#>#8!'(!/#'+,(-54(!?!
+'!,+&2+/#!(!'(&!146+,+-54(&K!
O)7& .)0"1#.8)7& @& 1-& D#)1,0M
54(! -#! &#-! '#! $4&$#d! '(!
34#'+-54(! -#! +&! -#,$('! ?!
243
1+.+$#&! N(5+,! ('>#! 2(,(!
1+/+-+,'(K! \(&! 2+,&#-(&!
/4+-+-!1+,+5N#!(!+-#*(,&+!
?!+<2,+&(,!&)!$#'+&/4(!&4-!
5()&(,!1([#!-4!+*+,5+,!34#M
'+-54(! 5#-/,(! #/,#! $4+$M
.,#!1+!'(!6($4'4(K

0#1+$#&! 2,+3+-4,! '(! 34#M

'+-54(! &4! +-/,+! '#&! $4+$M
.,#&! 1+! '(! 6($4'4(! +<4&/+!!
4>)('1(1!1+!#2#,/)-41(M
1+&!?!,+&2+/#K

244 245
W$E-0'/"'I$-:"&#$;
9/#3)-2/,% 01*/2,! +&!
5)(-1#! /+! (>,+1+-! $+M
14(-/+!>#'2+&8!+$2)*#-+&8!!
2(/(1(&8! .#6+/(1(&8! ,+M
/#,541(&!1+'!.,(Z#8!+-/,+!
#/,(&K
Y'`'(! (>,+&#,`(! N(5+! )&#!
<,& 1-& >$,*F-& "/7#.-& )& <,&
('>V-! /42#! 1+! ! #.*+/#! )!
-*6-&+$,&($,<-&(*)D).-*&!
'+&4#-+&8! N(&/(! 2#1,I(!
&+,! 2+'4>,#&#! ?! 5()&(,! '(!
$)+,/+K
246 247
Z$-:"&#$;'E0$#-:%T$#;
K,& *,"#,*,& -& 1-& -4*,M
&49-! (! /,(3Q&! 1+! >,4/#&8!
4-&)'/#&8! 1+&2,+54#&8!
.),'(&8! 4,#-I(&8! &4/)(M
54#-+&! 1+! 5#-/,#'8! N)M
$4''(54#-+&8! ($+-(Z(&!
?! #/,(&! (554#-+&! 2(,(!
1+&/,)4,! &)! ()/#+&/4$(K!
Y'`'(! (>,+&#,`(! .)&5(!
5#-/,#'(,8!$(-42)'(,8!&+-M
8#*&+$,&8#,0,&()<,*%&7)3*,&
'(! #/,(! 2+,&#-(8! ''+3(-1#!
-& +$,& (#,*<-& 7$& (*)(#-&
3#')-/(1K
248 249
Z$-:"&#$;'0"P8;:
Y&!#.'4>(,!(!)-(!2+,&#-(!(!
+$,&*,-1#.,&-.8)7&7,=$-1,7&
+-!5#-/,(!1+!&)!3#')-/(1K
L($.4Q-!5#$2,+-1+!(5/#&!!
1+! (>,+&49-! &+<)('! &4-!
5#-&+-/4$4+-/#^! 5(,454(&8!
.+&#&8! /#5($4+-/#&8! +<M
2#&4549-! (! 4$%>+-+&! 1+!
.)08,0#<)&()*0)4*C"#.)&@&
#/,#&K

250 251
Z$-:"&#$;'"#-&%<$#;'-'
E;.=$<-&$;:
Y&! '(! (5549-! )! #$4&49-!
+$,& 7,& <#*#4,& -& ).-7#)M
-(,! )-! 2+,*)454#! +-! '#&!
,+5),&#&! +5#-9$45#&!
#! 2(/,4$#-4('+&! 1+! '(!
2+,&#-(! (! /,(3Q&! 1+'!
5#-/,#'!1+!&)&!4->,+&#&8!
'(! 2,43(549-! 1+! $+14#&!
2(,(! &(/4&6(5+,! &)&! -+M
5+&41(1+&8! '(! 1+&/,)5M
549-8! #5)'/($4+-/#! 1+!
252
1#5)$+-/#&!2+,&#-('+&!
)!#/,(&!(554#-+&K
?;:.=;.-'a&D;&.$:
Y&! 5)(-1#! )-(! 2+,&#-(!
(1)'/(! 1([(! ! 1+! $(-+,(!
4-/+-54#-('! (! )-`(! $+M
-#,! 1+! +1(18! (6+5/(-1#!
&)! 1+&(,,#''#! 4-/+>,('!
?! 3)'-+,(-1#! &)&! 1+,+M
5N#&K! Y'! $('/,(/#! 4-6(-/4'!
($,<,& 7,*& "/7#.)%& ,6)M
54#-('! #! (.)&#! &+<)('K!
253
 Y-! -)+&/,(! &#54+1(1! &+!
8)1,*-& ,1& .-78#4)& "/7#.)& -&
6,0)*,7& ()*+$,& 7,& .*,,&
,**50,-6,08,&+$,&,7&$0-&
('/+,-(/43(! 2(,(! 5#,,+>4,!
)-!$('!5#$2#,/($4+-/#K!
c-<E;<-0'#-&'
;F8"::-0'?aWd!'F8"'
:'*+/0/2,-%3,%;/#3)-2/,
\#&! $4/#&! &#-! 41+(&! 6('M
7-7& +$,& 7,& ,0.$,08*-0&
-(/),('4Z(1(&! +-! '(! &#M
254 255
.#,<-<& @& +$,& H$78#"#.-0&
'(! 34#'+-54(K! _+.+$#&!
,#$2+,!5#-!+''#&K
'@X-<H="0'R'<8M"="0'
J;&'E":";/-'0$"<E="^'
"0'&;.8=;:BN
C0' D;:0-N! Y-! /)! 6($4'4(!
#! 5#-! /)! 2(,+*(! 2)+1+!
?-3,*& .)0"1#.8)7%& 0)& ,7&
-+5+&(,4#! ,+&#'3+,'#&!
$+14(-/+! '(! 34#'+-54(8!
256
+&/(! &#'#! (>,(3(,%! +'!
2,#.'+$(! ?! /,(+,%! 4-&(M
/4&6(5549-!6($4'4(,K
@A;'#-&/8#.;'I$-:"&.;'
"0'&;.8=;:'"&':-0''
J-<H="0BN'
C0'D;:0-N!H4!'#&!N#$.,+&!
&+,I(-!34#'+-/#&!2#,!-(M
/),('+Z(! &+,I(-! (&I! 5#-!
/#1(&! '(&! 2+,&#-(&! ?! +-!
/#1(&! '(&! 54,5)-&/(-54(K!
257
 k)4+-! +*+,5+! 34#'+-54(8!
1+541+! N(5+,'#! ?! 1+.+!
,+&2#-&(.4'4Z(,&+!1+!&)&!
(5/#&K
@A;0'<8M"="0'F8"'0-&'
<;:.=;.;/;0'0"':-'
H80#;&^'0"':-'<"="#"&BN
C0' D;:0-N! "4->)-(! $)*+,!
$+,+5+!&+,!$('/,(/(1(8!-#!
#6()*8-&1)&+$,&?-@-&?,.?)A&&
J-<-& H$78#"#.-& 1-& D#)1,0.#-A!
P1+(&! 5#$#! +&/(&! &#'#!
260 261
3$7.-0&H$78#"#.-*&1-&7$3)*M
14-(549-!1+!'(!$)*+,!+-!'(!
&#54+1(1! ?! +'! 1+&5#-#54M
$4+-/#!1+!&)&!1+,+5N#&K
@!"'"P;T"=;'="0E"#.-';'
:;'I$-:"&#$;'D;<$:$;=BN
C0' D;:0-N! \(! 34#'+-54(!
6($4'4(,!+&!'(!5()&(!$%&!
5#$V-!1+!'+&4#-+&!#!1(M
[#&! +-! $)*+,+&8! -4[#&8!
-4[(&!?!(1#'+&5+-/+&K!!
262
\(! 34#'+-54(! 6($4'4(,!
(6+5/(!1+!$(-+,(!14,+5/(!
+-! +'! 1+&(,,#''#! &(')1(M
.'+!1+!'(&!2+,&#-(&K
@A;'I$-:"&#$;'D;<$:$;='
"0'E=-E$;'/"':-0'E-b
H="0'-'/"'D;<$:$;0'#-&'
H;M-'&$I":'"/8#;.$I-BN
C0'D;:0-N!'(!34#'+-54(!6(M
$4'4(,!#5),,+!+-!6($4'4(&!
1+!'#&!146+,+-/+&!-43+'+&!
263
&#54('+&8! &4-! 14&/4-549-!
1+!6(5/#,+&!Q/-45#&8!+5#M
-9$45#&8! +1)5(/43#&! #!
,+'4>4#&#&K
@C:'"<H;=;U-'/"."&/=G'
:;'I$-:"&#$;BN
C0'D;:0-N!H4!+-!'(!6($4'4(!
N(?! 34#'+-54(8! 1),(-/+!
+'! +$.(,(Z#8! +&/(! &4/)(M
549-!&+!$(-/+-1,%!#!4-M
5')&#! 2)+1+! ()$+-/(,K!!
264
Y-!+&/+!2+,4#1#!'(!$)*+,!
+&!$%&!&+-&4.'+!?!3)'-+M
,(.'+! ?! +&! 5)(-1#! $%&!
5#-&41+,(549-!-+5+&4/(K
@V-'"P$0."':;'I$-:;#$%&'
"&':;'E;="M;BN
C0' D;:0-N! :V-! +-! '(! 2(M
,+*(! 1+! +&2#&#&! #! 5#-M
3434+-/+&8! '(! $)*+,! -#!
+&/%! #.'4>(1(! (! /+-+,!
,+'(54#-+&! &+<)('+&! &4!
265
-#!'#!1+&+(K!!Y&#!+&!34#M
'+-54(!&+<)('!?!&+!''($(!
34#'(549-K
@C:'<;:.=;.-'
T"&"=;:<"&."'0"'
E=-/8#"'8&;'0-:;'I"UBN
C0'D;:0-N!X(,(!3+Z!'(!34#M
'+-54(! +&! )-! N+5N#! (4&M
'(1#! #! 5(&)('K! a+-+,('M
$+-/+8! +&/(! &+! 2,#1)5+!
.)6)& $0-& ,7.-1-<-& +$,&
()$+-/(! +-! 6,+5)+-54(!
266
+! 4-/+-&41(1K! ! 0#,! +''#8!
+&!4$2#,/(-/+!,#$2+,!+'!!
&4'+-54#!(!/4+$2#K
@A;'I$-:"&#$;'D;<$:$;='
"0'E=-I-#;/;'E-='":'
;:#-J-:'R':;0'/=-T;0BN
C0'D;:0-N!Y'!('5#N#'!?!'(&!
1,#>(&! -#! 2,#1)5+-! '(!
34#'+-54(! 6($4'4(,8! &4-#!
+$,& 7)0& >-.8)*,7& <,8)M
-(-/+&! 1+! '(! 34#'+-54(8!
267
($,<,&.)08*#3$#*&-&+$,&1-&
D#)1,0.#-& +$,& @-& ,=#78/-%!
&+!N(>(!$%&!34&4.'+!#!&+!
(>,(3+!(V-!$%&K!
'@!$':;'<8M"='F8$0$"=;^'
E-/=K;'/"M;=';'08';T="0-=BN
C0' D;:0-N! Y<4&/+-! 143+,M
7-7& *-F)0,7& +$,& 6-08#,M
-+-!(!'(&!$)*+,+&!1+-/,#!
1+!)-(!,+'(549-!34#'+-/(^!
+'!$4+1#8!'(&!($+-(Z(&8!'(!
268
(*,7#50&<,1&+$G&<#*C0%&1-&
1+2+-1+-54(! +5#-9$45(8!
+/5K8! '(! 2(,('4Z(-8! 4$24M
14Q-1#'+! /#$(,! '(! 1+54M
&49-!1+!1+*(,!(!'(!2(,+*(K!
@A;0'E"=0-&;0'
I$-:"&.;0'&-'#;<H$;&BN
C0' D;:0-N! \(&! 2+,&#-(&!
+$,& 4)1(,-0& <,3,0& *,7M
2#-&(.4'4Z(,&+! 1+! &)!
5#$2#,/($4+-/#!?!(2,+-M
269
1+,! $#1#&! -#! 34#'+-/#&!
1+! (5/)(,K! \#&! 5($.4#&!
&9'#! &+! 2,#1)54,%-! &4! '(!
2+,&#-(! (>,+&#,(! /#$(!
5#-54+-54(! 1+! &)! 2,#.'+M
$(!?!1+&+(!&#')54#-(,'#K
@C:'<;:.=;.-'
"<-#$-&;:'&-'"0'
.;&'T=;I"'#-<-':;'
;/#3)-2/,%01*/2,<=
C0'D;:0-N!Y'!$('/,(/#!+$#M
54#-('! #! 2&45#'9>45#! +&!
270
>,(3+8! &)&! 5#-&+5)+-54(&!
2)+1+-!''+3(,!(!'(!2+,&#-(!
(6+5/(1(! (! '(! 1+2,+&49-8!
(4&'($4+-/#8! (! '(! 1+&3('#M
,4Z(549-! 1+! '(! ()/#+&/4$(!
+!4-5')&#!('!&)45414#K
@A;'I$-:"&#$;'D;<$:$;='
0-:-'#-&#$"=&"';':;'
D;<$:$;BN
C0'D;:0-N!\(!34#'+-54(!6(M
$4'4(,!+&!)-!2,#.'+$(!1+!
/#1#&! ?! /#1(&8! ! '(! 5#$)M
271
-41(1!-#!2)+1+!&+,!4-14M
6+,+-/+!?!1+.+!1+-)-54(,!
+&/#&! N+5N#&K! \(! 34#'+-M
54(!2)+1+!/+-+,!1+&+-'(M
5+&!4,,+2(,(.'+&!&4!-#!&+!
1+/4+-+!(!/4+$2#K
@C0'&-=<;:'F8"'8&'
"0E-0-'<;:.=;."';'08'
<8M"=BN
C0' D;:0-N! Y'! $(/,4$#-4#!
#! '(! 341(! +-! 2(,+*(! -#!
#/#,>(! ('! +&2#&#! -4->V-!
272
1+,+5N#! 1+! 2,#24+1(1!
7)3*,&1-&6$H,*%&()*&1)&+$,&
+-!-4->)-(!54,5)-&/(-54(!
&+! 1+.+! (.)&(,! 1+! +''(&K!
"4->V-! &+,! N)$(-#! +&!
2,#24+1(1!1+!#/,#K
@C:';H80-'R':;0'
I$-:;#$-&"0'0-:-'
-#8=="'"&':8T;="0'
E":$T=-0-0'R'-0#8=-0^'
R'":';.;#;&."'"0'8&'
/"0#-&-#$/-BN
C0'D;:0-N!Y'!(.)&#!&+<)('!
273
2)+1+!#5),,4,!+-!')>(,+&!
/(-! 5#-#541#&! 5#$#! '(!
2,#24(!5(&(8!?!+'!(.)&(1#,!
2#1,I(! &+,! ('>)4+-! 1+! '(!
6($4'4(!#!)-!5#-#541#K
@!$'0"'/"&8&#$;':;'
I$-:"&#$;^'0"'E"=M8/$#;'
;':;'D;<$:$;BN
C0' D;:0-N& Z-17)%& ()*+$,&
1-& >-6#1#-& +$,& 7$>*,& D#)M
'+-54(! ?(! &+! +-5)+-/,(!!
1+&4-/+>,(1(K!H4!'#&!N4*#&!
&4>)+-! &4+-1#! /+&/4>#&!
274
1+!$('#&!/,(/#&8!2(&(-!(!
&+,!3I5/4$(&!/($.4Q-K
Y<4&/+-! 5(,(5/+,I&/45(&!
)& .#*.$078-0.#-7& +$,& #0M
5,+$+-/(-! '(! 2,#.(.4'4M
1(1! 1+! &)6,4,! 34#'+-54(!
6($4'4(,K! :! +''#! &+! 1+-#M
$4-(!T6(5/#,+&!1+!,4+&>#U!
?! 2)+1+-! &+,! 1+! /42#!
2+,&#-('8! 6($4'4(,! #! 5#M
6$0#8-*#)A&S+$/&-14$0)7&
1+!+''#&^
275
 O;#.-="0'/"'=$"0T-';'
&$I":'E"=0-&;:
! L+-+,!)-(!N4&/#,4(!
2+,&#-('!#!6($4'4(,!
1+!$('/,(/#K
! _+&4-6#,$(549-!1+!
1+,+5N#&K
! 0+-&($4+-/#!
$(5N4&/(K
! H#&/+-+,!$4/#&!&#.,+!
'(!34#'+-54(!6($4'4(,K
& X#"#.$18-<&(-*-&
,=(*,7-*&1)&+$,&7,&
276 277
 (#,07-%&7#,08,&@&+$#,*,& O;#.-="0'/"'=$"0T-';'
1+!$(-+,(!5'(,(K &$I":'D;<$:$;='
! :5+2/(549-!1+! ! 0(1,+&`$(1,+&!
5#-1)5/(&!34#'+-/(&K ()/#,4/(,4#&K!7#1+'#&!
! b(*(!()/#+&/4$(K 4-(2,#24(1#&!1+!
! _+2+-1+-54(! 5#$2#,/($4+-/#K
+$#54#-('K ! _4&/,4.)549-!1+&4>)('!
! P-34&4.4'41(1!1+!'(! 1+!'#&!,#'+&!+-/,+!
,+'(549-!1+!5#-/,#'! N#$.,+&!?!$)*+,+&K
1),(-/+!'(!+/(2(!1+! ! :)&+-54(!1+!14%'#>#!
+-($#,($4+-/#K +-!'(!6($4'4(K
! :.)&#!1+!('5#N#'!?! ! 0#5(!#!-)'(!
1,#>(&K 5(2(541(1!2(,(!
278 279
 '(!&#')549-!1+! & O-&#0"1$,0.#-&<,&
.)0"1#.8)7A '#&!$+14#&!1+!
! :.)&#!1+!('5#N#'! .)6$0#.-.#50&+$,&
)!#/,(&!1,#>(&!2#,! +<2#-+-!$#1+'#&!1+!
('>V-!$4+$.,#!1+!'(! #0,+$#<-<A
6($4'4(K
,-&0"M-0'E;=;'.$)
O;#.-="0'/"'=$"0T-';'&$I":' ! R#-#5+!/)&!1+,+5N#&K
#-<8&$.;=$-'-'0-#$;: ! R#$)-I5(/+!
! P-146+,+-54(!1+'! (&+,/43($+-/+K
+-/#,-#!f3+54-#&! ! :2,+-1+!(!1+54,!
?!($4>#&g!(-/+!'(! JY&7#&-14)&+$,&8,&
34#'+-54(K 2,#2#-+-!3(!(!
280 281
 (6+5/(,!/)&!1+,+5N#&K .)0"#-0F-&(,*7)0-1%&
! 0,#$)+3+!+'!,+&2+/#! #<,08#"#.-0<)&
+-/,+!N#$.,+&!?! /)&!6#,/('+Z(&!?!
$)*+,+&K 1+.4'41(1+&K!
& S(*,0<,&-&#<,08#"#.-*& ! _4('#>(!5#-!/)!6($4'4(!
?!,+5N(Z(,! ?!5#$2(,/+!/)!/4+$2#!
&4/)(54#-+&!1+! 5#-!+''#&`+''(&K
34#'+-54(K ! X+5N(Z(!+'!5#-&)$#!
! 0,#$)+3+!/)! 1+!('5#N#'!)!#/,(&!
()/#+&/4$(8!5)'/43(! 1,#>(&K
)-!&+-/41#!1+! ! Y-!&4/)(54#-+&!
()/#!O!,+&2+/#8! .)0"1#.8#D-7%&-0-1#F-&
&+-/4$4+-/#!1+! +'!2,#!?!+'!5#-/,(!1+'!
282 283
 2,#.'+$(!2(,(!/#$(,!
)-(!.)+-(!1+54&49-K!
! Y&6)Q,Z(/+!2#,!
5)'$4-(,!/)&!
+&/)14#&!5#-!Q<4/#K
! 0(,/4542(!
(5/43($+-/+!+-!
5($2([(&!?!+3+-/#&!
+$,&(*)6$,D-0&
'(!2,+3+-549-!1+!
'(!34#'+-54(!+-!/)!
4-&/4/)549-!+1)5(/43(!
?!+-!/)!5#$)-41(1K
284 285
c"#-=/;&/-'.80' 14&5(2(541(1K
/"="#J-0' ! :'!($#,!?!
! L4+-+&!1+,+5N#!(! 5#$2,+-&49-K!
'(!'4.+,/(1!2(,(! ! :'!*)+>#!?!'(!
+<2,+&(,!/)&! ,+5,+(549-K
&+-/4$4+-/#&8!(! ! L4+-+&!1+,+5N#!
&+,!/,(/(1#`(!5#-! (!14&6,)/(,!1+!
,+&2+/#!+!4>)('1(1K /)!6($4'4(8!+-!)-!
! _+,+5N#!(!'(! ,08)*0)&+$,&(,*6#8-&
('4$+-/(549-8! /)!1+&(,,#''#!?!
3434+-1(8!&(')18! 6+'4541(1K
+1)5(549-!?!5)41(1#&! ! _+,+5N#!(!-#!,+54.4,!
+&2+54('+&!+-! $('#&!/,(/#&!?!&+,!
5(&#&!1+!('>)-(! 2,#/+>41#`(!1+!/#1#!
286 287
 /42#!1+!34#'+-54(K +$,& .$6(1#*%& D-6)7& -&!
! H4!N(&!&41#!3I5/4$(! ,+5#,1(,'#&K
1+!34#'+-54(!6($4'4(,8!
/4+-+&!1+,+5N#!(! ! X+&2+/(,!?!#.+1+5+,!
1+-)-54(,!?!&+,! (!/)&!2(1,+&!#!(!
(/+-141#!+-!'#&! +$#,0&8,&.$#<-%&7-1D)&
&+,3454#&!1+'!Y&/(1#! +$,&7$7&<,.#7#)0,7&
2(,(!/)!,+5)2+,(549-! +&/Q-!+-!5#-/,(!1+!
"/7#.-&@&6,08-1A /)&!1+,+5N#&K
! Y&/)14(,!?!5)$2'4,!5#-!
c"#-=/;&/-'.80' '(&!/(,+(&!1+!'(!+&5)+'(K
/"H"="0' ! R)41(,!1+-/,#!1+!
:&I!5#$#!/4+-+&!1+,+5N#&8! /)&!2#&4.4'41(1+&8!
/($.4Q-! /4+-+&! 1+.+,+&! (!6($4'4(,+&!+-!
288 289
 +-6+,$+1(1!?! ,-&0"M$.-0'F8"'."'
(-54(-41(1K E=-."T"&
! :2#?(,!+-!'(&!'(.#,+&! L9$(/+! )-! $#$+-/#!
1+'!N#>(,!1+!(5)+,1#! 2(,(!(2,+54(,!'#!&#,2,+-M
(!/)!+1(1K! <,08,&+$,&,*,7A
! R)41(,!1+!/)!&(')18!
-#!5#-&)$4,!.+.41(&! R)(-1#! /+! &4+-/(&! 1+&(M
('5#N9'45(&8!54>(,,4''#&! -4$(1#`(! ! ,+5)+,1(! +&M
-4!#/,(&!1,#>(&K /(&!6,(&+&^
! X+&2+/(,!'(&!41+(&! ! [\CeC!!$%&!1+!'#!
?!1+,+5N#&!1+!'#&! +$,&8,&#6-4#0-7A
1+$%&8!(&I!5#$#!'(&! ! ZQAC!'6C7&<,&1)&+$,&
5,++-54(&!,+'4>4#&(&!
24+-&(&K!
14&/4-/(&!(!'(&!/)?(&K
292 293
Y
-! +&/(! &+5549-! +-M
5#-/,(,%&! 4-6#,$(549-!
&#.,+! +'! 2,#.'+$(! 1+! '(!
8*-8-& <,& (,*7)0-7& +$,&
(6+5/(! (! )-! >,(-! -V$+,#!
1+! -4[(&8! -4[#&8! (1#'+&M
5+-/+&!?!*93+-+&8!(&I!5#$#!
5#-&+*#&! 2(,(! 2,+3+-4,!
+&/+!/42#!1+!34#'+-54(K!
296
6789'"0':;'.=;.;'/"'
E"=0-&;0>
\(! /,(/(! 1+! 2+,&#-(&!
+&! )-! 1+'4/#! $)?! >,(M
3+! ?! )-(! 1+! '(&! 6#,$(&!
1+! 34#'+-54(! $%&! 5,)+M
'+&! 5#-/,(! '#&! 1+,+5N#&!
N)$(-#&8! 5#-&4&/+! +-!
2,43(,! (! '(&! 2+,&#-(&! 1+!
&)! '4.+,/(18! 1+&(,,(4>%-M
1#'(&! 1+! &)&! 6($4'4(&! #!
&)! +-/#,-#! $%&! 5+,5(-#!
297
2(,(! +<2'#/(,'(&! &+<)('!
#! '(.#,('$+-/+8! +-/,+!
#/,(&!$#1('41(1+&K
\(!/,(/(!4-5')?+!'(!5(2/(M
549-8! +'! /,(&'(1#8! '(! (5#M
>41(! #! '(! ,+5+2549-! 1+!
2+,&#-(&8! ,+5),,4+-1#!
(! '(! ($+-(Z(8! ('! )&#! 1+!
'(! 6)+,Z(! )! #/,(&! 6#,$(&!
1+! 5#(5549-8! 4-5')&#! +'!
,(2/#8!+'!6,()1+8!+'!+->(M
[#8! +'! (.)&#! 1+! 2#1+,8! #!
298
+'! (2,#3+5N($4+-/#! 1+!
('>)-(! &4/)(549-! 1+! 3)'M
-+,(.4'41(1! 1+! '(&! 2+,M
&#-(&K
Y-! +&/(! 5#$2'+*(! 6#,$(!
1+!34#'+-54(!4-/+,34+-+-^
! L,(/(-/+&^!&#-!
(,*7)0-7&+$,&
,+('4Z(-!'(!5(2/(549-8!
+'!/,(&'(1#8!'(!
,+5+2549-!#!
+<2'#/(549-!1+!'(!
3I5/4$(K!0)+1+-!
299
 &+,!2+,&#-(&! +-!&4/)(549-!1+!
1+&5#-#541(&!#! 2#.,+Z(8!1+!6($4'4(&!
5#-#541(&8!+!4-5')&#! 14&6)-54#-('+&!#!
1+'!+-/#,-#!6($4'4(,! 3I5/4$(&!1+!34#'+-54(!
5+,5(-#K 6($4'4(,K
! _+$(-1(-/+&^!&#-!
(,*7)0-7&+$,&3$7.-0& O-& ()3*,F-%& #0,+$#<-<&
$+-#,+&!1+!+1(1! N(54(!'(&!$)*+,+&!?!-4[(&8!
2(,(!'(!+<2'#/(549-! '(! .(*(! +&5#'(,41(18! '(!
&+<)('!?!$(-#!1+! 34#'+-54(! 6($4'4(,8! '(! 5(M
#.,(!.(,(/(K ,+-54(!1+!1#5)$+-/#&!1+!
! 0#&4.'+!3I5/4$(^! 41+-/41(1!?!#/,#&!2)+1+-!
$+-#,+&!1+! &+,!6(5/#,+&!1+!,4+&>#!1+!
+1(1!#!$)*+,+&! 5(+,!+-!'(!/,(/(K

300 301
678$9&"0'"0.G&'"Pb
E8"0.-0';'0"='IK#.$<;0'
/"'W=;.;>
Y-! +'! 0+,V! '(&! 3I5/4$(&!
&)+'+-! &+,! +-! &)! $(?#M
,I(! -4[(&8! -4[#&! ?! (1#M
'+&5+-/+&! f$)*+,+&! ?!
D-*)0,7V& +$#,0,7& 7)0&
5(2/(1(&!?!5(2/(1#&!5#-!
#6+,/(&! +->([#&(&! 1+!
/,(.(*#!#!+-/,+>(1(&!2#,!
&)&!2(1,+&!#!6($4'4(,+&!(!
2+,&#-(&! 1+&5#-#541(&!
302
5#-! '(! 2,#$+&(! 1+! )-(!
,+/,4.)549-! $+-&)('! 1+!
14-+,#K
,-&/8#.;0'F8"'
$&I-:8#=;':;'.=;.;)
! e6,+54$4+-/#^!5)(-1#!
(!)-(!2+,&#-(!'+!
2,#2#-+-!)-!/,(.(*#!
6$@&-8*-.8#D)&@&+$,&
/+-1,I(!')>(,!6)+,(!
1+'!')>(,!1#-1+!343+K
! R(2/(549-^!H+!/,(/(!
303
1+!(/,(+,!#!,+5')/(,! ! L,(-&2#,/+!?!
(!('>)4+-!$+14(-/+! /,(&'(1#^!P-3#')5,(!+'!
+'!&+5)+&/,#!#!(! 1+&2'(Z($4+-/#!1+!
/,(3Q&!1+!143+,&(&! '(&!3I5/4$(&!1+&1+!
#6+,/(&!1+!/,(.(*#K! +'!')>(,!1+!#,4>+-!
0#,!+*+$2'#!2(,(^! ('!')>(,!1+!1+&/4-#!
+$2'+(1(!1#$Q&/45(8! 2(,(!+<2'#/(,'(K!
(Z(6(/(8!(?)1(-/+! 0(,(!>(,(-/4Z(,!
1+!5#54-(8!-4[+,(8! +&/+!/,(&'(1#8!&+!
2+9-8!*#,-('+,#!+-! (5#$2([(!(!'(&!
'(3(1+,#&!1+!#,#8! 3I5/4$(&!#!&+!'+&!
+-/,+!#/,#&K 6(54'4/(!'(!$#34'41(1!#!
+'!34(*+K
304 305
! :5#>41(!?!,+5+2549-^! ?!5#-#541#&8!&+!
5#-&4&/+!+-!.,4-1(,! ,+5),,+!('!$('/,(/#!
('#*($4+-/#!(! 2&45#'9>45#!?!
'(!3I5/4$(!2(,(! "/7#.)%&1-&*,8,0.#50&
-7,4$*-*&+$,&,78G& 1+!1#5)$+-/#&8!
14&2#-4.'+!2(,(!&+,! 5+')'(,+&!?!&+!'(&!
+<2'#/(1(K +<2#-+!('!5#-&)$#!
1+!('5#N#'!?!1,#>(&8!
!! X+/+-549-^!&+!'+&! +-/,+!#/,#&K
,+&/,4->+!'(!'4.+,/(18!
#!&+!'+&!2,43(!
1+!5#$)-45(,&+!
5#-!6($4'4(,+&!
306 307
?"/$-0'F8"'$&I-:8#=;' O$&"0'/"':;'W=;.;'/"'
:;'.=;.; ["=0-&;0
! ;4#'+-54(8!($+-(Z(8! O-& "#0-1#<-<& <,& 1-& 8*-8-&
2,+&49-!)!#/,(&!6#,$(&! +&! +<2'#/(,! (! '(! 2+,&#M
2(,(!#.'4>(,!(!'(! -(K! _+! +&/#! ,+54Q-! &+! 1(!
2+,&#-(!(!N(5+,!('>#!+-! 5)+-/(!'(!3I5/4$(!5)(-1#!
5#-/,(!1+!&)!3#')-/(1K ''+>(! ('! ! 1+&/4-#! 1#-1+!
! 0,43(549-!1+!'(!! +&! (5#>41(! #! ,+54.41(!
'4.+,/(1K 2#,! &)&! 6)/),#&! +<2'#M
! S,()1+!#!+->([# /(1#,+&! #! 2#,! 2+,&#-(&!
! :.)&#!1+!2#1+,K +$,&7-3#,0<)&1)&+$,&D-&-&
! R#-5+&49-!#!,+5+2549-! 2(&(,8!'(!+-/,+>(,%-!(!'#&!
<,&(-4)7&)&3,0,"#.#)7A +<2'#/(1#,+&K
310 311
>$,+,%2#-%0/-)*%.)% 6#,Z(1#K!
"PE:-.;#$%&'0"P8;:) ! H+,341)$.,+K
! :5/4341(1+&!&+<)('+&! ! Y&5'(34/)1!)!#/,(&K
,+$)-+,(1(&8
! ]&#!1+!-4[#&8!-4[(&! L($.4Q-! 2)+1+! /+-+,!
?!(1#'+&5+-/+&! .)6)&"#0,7&1-Q
,0&()*0)4*-"/-& ! 7+-14541(1K
+&2+5/%5)'#&!5#-! & :=8*-..#50&)&8*C"#.)&
5#-/+-41#&!&+<)('+&8 1+!9,>(-#&!#!
! L),4&$#!&+<)('K /+*41#&!&#$%/45#&!#!
&)&!5#$2#-+-/+&!
%>$,+,%2#-%0/-)*%.)% N)$(-#&K
"PE:-.;#$%&':;H-=;: & Y&.$-1+$#,*&)8*-&>)*6-&
! L,(.(*#!#!&+,3454#! &4$4'(,!1+!+<2'#/(549-K
314 315
 ! ;+-/(!1+!-4[#&8!-4[(&!
#!(1#'+&5+-/+&K
Y-!>+-+,('8!5)(-1#!&+!''+>(!
('! ')>(,! 1+! +<2'#/(549-8! '(!
3I5/4$(!/#$(!5#-#54$4+-M
/#!1+!'(!4-+<4&/+-54(!1+'!/,(M
.(*#!#6,+541#!?!&+!1(!5)+-M
8-& +$,& 1-7& .)0<#.#)0,7& 0)&
7)0&1-7&+$,&1,&?-3/-0&)>*,M
541#K! :'! 4-/+-/(,! ,+5N(Z(,!
+&(! &4/)(549-! #! /,(/(,! 1+!
4,&+8! '#&! +<2'#/(1#,+&!
2#-+-! +-! $(,5N(! '#&!!
$+5(-4&$#&! 1+! 34#'+-54(!
316
)&-6,0-F-&.)0&1)7&+$,&7,&
(&+>),(-!&)!&)$4&49-K
\#&!+<2'#/(1#,+&!#.'4>(M
,%-!(!'(!3I5/4$(^
! :!-#!(.(-1#-(,!
&)!1+&/4-#8!
5#-1454#-%-1#'(!(!
+$,<-*7,&<,3#<)&
-&1-&<,$<-&+$,&?-&
5#-/,(I1#!5#-!&)!
+<2'#/(1#,!2#,!+'!
/,(&'(1#!,+('4Z(1#K
! X+/+-4Q-1#'+!'#&!
317
 1#5)$+-/#&K
! :$+-(Z%-1#'(!1+!
1([(,!(!&)!6($4'4(!#!
<,&?-.,*1,&+$,<-*&
$('!(-/+!&)&!&+,+&!
+$,*#<)7A
! X+&/,4->4Q-1#'+!'(!
5#$41(K
! X+5),,4+-1#!(!'(!
D#)1,0.#-&"/7#.-&)&
&+<)('K
! :$+-(Z%-1#'(!5#-!
(,$(&!1+!6)+>#8!+-/,+!
#/,(&K
318 319
,-&0"M-0'E;=;'.$) ! 0,+>)-/(!&#.,+!'#&!
! H4!('>)4+-!''+>(! *,+$#7#8)7&+$,&8,&
(!/)!5#$)-41(1! 241+-!2(,(!#./+-+,!
#6,+54Q-1#/+!/,(.(*#! +'!+$2'+#!?!'#&!1(/#&!
+-!#/,#!')>(,8!241+! 1+'!')>(,!1#-1+!
'#&!1(/#&!+<(5/#&! /,(.(*(,%&K
1+!+&(!2+,&#-(8!&)! ! "#!1+&!/)&!1(/#&!
-#$.,+!5#$2'+/#8!+'! 2+,&#-('+&!#!'#&!
-#$.,+!1+'!-+>#54#8! 1+!/)!6($4'4(!(!
'(!14,+5549-8!?!+'! 1+&5#-#541#&K
/+'Q6#-#K ! ")-5(!1+&!(!-(14+!
& T)0"#*6-&+$,&,1&1$4-*& /)&!1#5)$+-/#&!
?!'(!2+,&#-(!+<4&/(-K! 2+,&#-('+&K!
322 323
& X,7.)0"/-&<,&1-7& ?!19-1+!3(&!(!+&/(,K
(,*7)0-7&+$,&8,& ! "#!3(?(&!&#'(!#!
#6,+Z5(-!+$2'+#! &#'#!(!+-/,+34&/(&!
)&+$#,*-0&(-4-*8,& 1+!/,(.(*#8!241+!
>,(-1+&!5(-/41(1+&! (!('>)4+-!1+!/)!
1+!14-+,#K .)0"#-0F-&+$,&8,&
& X,7.)0"/-&6C7&-I0&7#& (5#$2([+K
8,&(#<,0&+$,&8,&8)6,7&
>)8)4*-"/-7A
! Y-!5(&#!34(*+&!#!/+!
1+&2'(5+&!(!)-!')>(,!
1+&5#-#541#8!14'+!(!/)!
>-6#1#-&.)0&+$#G0&D-7&
324 325
 W=;.;'$&."=&;
\(&! 3I5/4$(&! &#-! ,+5')M
/(1(&8! /,(&'(1(1(&! ?! +<M
2'#/(1(&! +-! &)! 2,#24#!
2(I&! #! 1+&2'(Z%-1#'(&!
1+! )-! ')>(,! (! #/,#! +-! +'!
$4&$#! /+,,4/#,4#! -(54#M
-('! f2#,! +*+$2'#8! 1+! )-!
1+2(,/($+-/#!(!#/,#gK
W=;.;'$&."=&;#$-&;:
\(&!3I5/4$(&!&#-!,+5')/(M
1(&!+-!&)!2(I&!1+!#,4>+-!
328 329
#! 1+! ,+&41+-54(! ?! /,(&'(M
1(1(&! (! #/,#! 2(I&! 1#-1+!
&+,%-! +<2'#/(1(&K! \#&!
')>(,+&! $%&! &+-&4.'+&!
(! +&/(! 6#,$(! 1+! +<2'#M
/(549-! &#-! '(&! Z#-(&! 1+!
6,#-/+,(! 1#-1+! $)5N(&!
$)*+,+&! ?! (1#'+&5+-/+&!
&#-!+->([(1#&!5#-!6('&(&!
#6+,/(&!1+!/,(.(*#!2#,!'#!
+$,& .*$F-0& 1-& >*)08,*-&
2#,! &)&! 2,#24#&! $+14#&8!
#! 1+! 6#,$(! 5'(-1+&/4-(8!
330
2(,(! ''+>(,! ('! /,(.(*#!
)>*,.#<)& <)0<,& "#0-1M
$+-/+!&+,%-!3I5/4$(&!1+!
'(!+<2'#/(549-K
,-&0"M-0'E;=;'.$)
! H4!'(!&)$(!1+!14-+,#!
+$,&8,&)>*,.,0&,7&
1+$(&4(1#!('/(8!
2+,$I/+/+!1)1(,8!?(!
+$,&()<*/-&8*-8-*7,&
1+!)-!+->([#K!
& K#&+$#,0&8,&)>*,.,&,1&
331
8*-3-H)&8,&(#<,&+$,&
1+541(&!,%241($+-/+!
2#,!&)!#6+,/(8!1+.+&!
<$<-*%&()*+$,&
+&(!2+,&#-(!-#!/+!
La Trata
+&/%!1(-1#!/4+$2#! viola tus
2(,(!1+5414,!1+! derechos
$(-+,(!&+>),(!
&#.,+!/)!6)/),#K! a...
L4+-+&!1+,+5N#!(!
/#$(,!1+54&4#-+&!
4-6#,$(1(&!?!&4-!
2,+&4#-+&K
332 333
 ! \(!341(
\(&! 3I5/4$(&! 1+! /,(/(!
+&/%-! +<2)+&/(&! 14(,4(M
6,08,&-&1-&.),*.#50&"/7#.-&
?! 2&45#'9>45(8! (.)&#! ?!
D#)1,0.#-&7,=$-1&+$,&()0,0&
+-!,4+&>#!&)&!341(&K
! O-&#08,4*#<-<&"/7#.-
0)+1+-! &)6,4,! 6,(5/),(&8!
+$,6-<$*-7%&.)*8-<$*-7%&
1+&-)/,4549-8! 1+&N41,(M
/(549-8!4-5')&#!'(!$)+,/+K
334
! \(!'4.+,/(1!&+<)('
\(&!3I5/4$(&!1+!/,(/(!5#-!
"#0,7& <,& ,=(1)8-.#50& 7,M
<)('8! +&/%-! +<2)+&/(&! (!
'(!34#'+-54(!&+<)('8!$)+&M
/,(-!&+,4#&!1([#&!(!&)!&(M
')1!&+<)('!?!,+2,#1)5/43(K
! \(!&(')1!&+<)('
Y-! '#! ,+6+,41#! (! &(')1!
&+<)('! 2)+1+-! &)6,4,! 1+!
4-6+554#-+&! 1+! /,(-&$4M
&49-! &+<)('8! +&/+,4'41(18!
335
+$.(,(Z#&! -#! 1+&+(1#&8! 1+.41#! (! '(! 14&5,4$4-(M
(.#,/#&!,+4/+,(1#&K 549-! ?! +'! &+[('($4+-/#!
1+! '(! &#54+1(18! +-! ,+'(M
! \(!&+>),41(1 549-!(!'(&!&4/)(54#-+&!1+!
:'! 2,43(,! (! '(&! 3I5/4$(&! ,=(1)8-.#50&-&1-7&+$,&7,&
1+'! 5#-/(5/#! 5#-! &)&! 6(M N(-!34&/#!&#$+/41(&K
$4'4(,+&8!'(!&+>),41(1!-#!
+&/%!>(,(-/4Z(1(K
! Y1)5(549-
\(&!3I5/4$(&!1+!/,(/(8!&+!
+-6,+-/(-! 5#-! 2,#.'+M
$(&! 1+! ,+4-/+>,(549-!
6($4'4(,8!+&5#'(,!?!&#54('8!
336 337
 ,-&0"M-0'E;=;'.$)
Segn registros ! L+-!5)41(1#!5)(-1#!
nacionales, 85% &).+&!4-6#,$(549-!
(!'(&!,+1+&!&#54('+&8!
de las vctimas de Q&/(!2)+1+!&+,!
trata son mujeres )/4'4Z(1(!2#,!
$)5N(&!2+,&#-(&!
y 15% varones. 5#-!4-/+-54#-+&!
De esta cifra, 1+&5#-#541(&K!Y&!
,+5#$+-1(.'+!
53% tienen entre +$,&0)&<#D$14$,7&
13 y 17 aos 4-6#,$(549-!&#.,+!
1)7&1$4-*,7&+$,&
338 339
 6,+5)+-/(&!#!'#&!
')>(,+&!1#-1+!
,+('4Z(&!/)&!
(5/4341(1+&K
! Y34/(!'(&!54/(&!5#-!
(,*7)0-7&+$,&8,&?-0&
5#-/(5/(1#!2#,!'(&!
,+1+&!1+!P-/+,-+/8!
5#$+-/(!5#-!2+,&#-(&!
<,&8$&.)0"#-0F-&7#&$0-&
2+,&#-(!1+&5#-#541(!
8,&-.)7-&)&+$#,*,&
&(.+,!1+!/4K
340 341
& P,&+$#8-0&8$7& 1),(-/+!$)5N(&!N#,(&K
1#5)$+-/#&!1+! ! L+!$(-/4+-+-!
41+-/41(1K +-5+,,(1#`(!+-!+'!
! L+!($+-(Z(-!(!/4!#!(!/)! ')>(,!1#-1+!/,(.(*(&!
6($4'4(K ?!/+!($+-(Z(-!5#-!
& S3$7-0&"/7#.-&)& +$#8-*8,&8)<)&8$&
&+<)('$+-/+!1+!/4K 14-+,#K
! "#!/+!2+,$4/+-!N(.'(,! ! L+!($+-(Z(-!5#-!
5#-!#/,(&!2+,&#-(&K 1+-)-54(,/+!(!'(!
! L+!34>4'(-!/#1#!+'! 2#'45I(K
/4+$2#K & !T$#<-<)'%&($,<,7&7,*&
! Y&/%&!#.'4>(1#!)! )-(!3I5/4$(!1+!/,(/(!
#.'4>(1(!(!/,(.(*(,! 1+!2+,&#-(&K
342 343
V-=<;'E;=;'E="I"&$=^' ! \+?!"l!FjBJA8!'+?!
="E=$<$='R'0;&#$-&;=':;' +$,&(,*>,..#)0-&
W=;.;'/"'["=0-&;0 1-&8#(#"#.-.#50&<,1&
! T0,#/#5#'#!2(,(! 1+'4/#!1+!'(!/,(/(!1+!
0,+3+-4,8!X+2,4$4,! 2+,&#-(&K
?!H(-54#-(,!'(! ! 0'(-!"(54#-('!1+!
L,(/(!1+!0+,&#-(&8! :5549-!R#-/,(!'(!L,(/(!
+&2+54('$+-/+!1+! 1+!0+,&#-(&!+-!+'!0+,VK
7)*+,+&!?!"4[#&U8! ! R914>#!1+'!"4[#!?!
5#-#541#!5#$#! :1#'+&5+-/+K
T0,#/#5#'#!1+! ! 0'(-!"(54#-('!1+!
0('+,$#U8!1+!'(&! :5549-!2#,!'(!P-6(-54(!
"(54#-+&!]-41(&K ?!:1#'+&5+-54(K
344 345
 e"="#J-0'/"':;0'
IK#.$<;0'/"'.=;.;
Y'!Y&/(1#!>(,(-/4Z(!(!'(&!
3I5/4$(&! 1+! /,(/(! '#&! &4M
>)4+-/+&!1+,+5N#&^
! X+54.4,!4-6#,$(549-!
&#.,+!&)&!1+,+5N#&K
! X+54.4,!)-!/,(/#!
14>-#!?!,+&2+/)#&#!
1+!'(&!()/#,41(1+&K
! :&4&/+-54(!4-/+>,('!
348 349
 ?!2,#/+5549-!1+!&)! ["=S',-&.=;':;'W=;.;'
#08,4*#<-<&"/7#.-&@& /"'["=0-&;0'
2&45#'9>45(8!(&I!5#$#!
(!&)!6($4'4(K H4!5#-#5+&!)-!5(&#!1+!L,(/(!
1+!0+,&#-(&8!''($(!>,(/)4M
! _+,+5N#!(!2,+&/(,!
/($+-/+! ('! AGAG8! #2549-!
/+&/4$#-4#!+-!
A8! 1#-1+! /+! (/+-1+,%! +'!
5#-1454#-+&!
&+,3454#!+&2+54('4Z(1#!1+'!
+&2+54('+&!1+!
74-4&/+,4#!1+'!P-/+,4#,K
2,#/+5549-!?!5)41(1#K

350 351
Y
-! +&/(! &+5549-! +-M
5#-/,(,%&! 4-6#,$(549-!
&#.,+!+'!.)''?4->!?!#/,(&!
6#,$(&! 1+! 34#'+-54(! +&M
.)1-*%& ,08*,& +$#G0,7& 7,&
<-%& .56)& 7,& 6-0#"#,78-%&
59$#! 2,+3+-4,! ?! 19-1+!
,+2#,/(,! +&/(&! &4/)(54#M
-+&!1+!(.)&#K
354
\(! +&5)+'(! +&! )-#! 1+!
'#&!$%&!4$2#,/(-/+&!+&M
2(54#&! 1+! &#54('4Z(549-!
1+!'(&!2+,&#-(&!?!+&!(''I!
1#-1+! &+! (2,+-1+! (! 34M
34,! +-! 5#$)-41(18! &4-!
+$.(,>#8! +-! ('>V-! $#M
$+-/#!1+!'(!341(!+&5#'(,8!
/#1(!2+,&#-(!N(!/,(/(1#!
#! N(! &41#! /,(/(1(! 5#-!
1+&5#-&41+,(549-! 2#,!
2(,/+! 1+! ('>V-! 5#$2(M
[+,#!#!5#$2([+,(K!
355
R)(-1#!+&/(!&4/)(549-!+&!
&4&/+$%/45(! ?! ,+2+/41(!
+-! +'! /4+$2#! N(.'($#&!
1+! .)''?4->! #! 34#'+-54(!
+-!'(!+&5)+'(K
6C&'F89'#-&0$0.">'
:1&3$11@#04&7,&6-0#"#,78-&
(! /,(3Q&! 1+! '(! 34#'+-54(!
D,*3-1& @& 1-& D#)1,0.#-& "/M
&45(K! L($.4Q-! &+! 5#-&4M
1+,(! .)''?4->! 5)(-1#! &+!!
356
(/+-/(!5#-/,(!'(&!2+,/+-+-M
54(&!1+!)-!5#$2([+,#`(
!
Y-! +'! .)''?4->! 4-/+,34+M
-+-!/,+&!/42#&!1+!(5/#,+&^
! \(!2+,&#-(!(>,+&#,(
! \(!2+,&#-(!3I5/4$(
! !\#&!+&2+5/(1#,+&
Y-/,+!'(&!6#,$(&!1+!.)''M
?4->8!/+-+$#&^
! X4145)'4Z(,!#!
.),'(,&+!(!)-!
357
 5#$2([+,#`(
! =)$4''(,'#`(
! :$+-(Z(,'#`(
! :4&'(,'#`(!1+!('>)-(! Cules son
(5/4341(1
! X#.(,!#!+&5#-1+,!&)&! las seales
#.*+/#&!2+,&#-('+&
! P-/4$41(,'#`(8!
de alerta del
($+1+-/,(,'#`( bullying?
! a#'2+(,'#`(8!
+$2)*(,'#!#!
.$-1+$#,*&)8*)&8#()&
<,&D#)1,0.#-&"/7#.-A
358 359
Y-! +'`'(! +&/)14(-/+!!
(>,+141#`(8!'(&!&+[('+&!&#-^
! b(*(!()/#+&/4$(K
! 0,#.'+$(&!1+!
5#$)-45(549-!5#-!
&)&!5#$2([+,#&`(&K
! 0#5(!(/+-549-!#!
5#-5+-/,(549-!+-!
5'(&+&K
! "#!1)+,$+!.4+-K
! H4+-/+!3+,>c+-Z(8!
$4+1#!?!5)'2(K
360
! H+!&4+-/+!4-5(2(Z!1+!
,+&#'3+,!2,#.'+$(&K
! L4+-+!.(*#!
,+-14$4+-/#!+&5#'(,K
! "#!$4,(!(!'#&!#*#&!(!
'#&!1+$%&K
Y-! '(! 2+,&#-(! (>,+&#,(8!
'(&!&+[('+&!&#-^
! _+$)+&/,(!2#5(!
+$2(/I(!5#-!'#&!1+$%&K
! 0,#.'+$(&!1+!
361
 5#$)-45(549-K R#$#! +-! /#1#! (5/#! 1+!
! H4+-/+!-+5+&41(1!1+! 34#'+-54(8! +&/(&! $(-4M
2,#/(>#-4&$#K 6+&/(54#-+&! &+! 1(-! +-! +'!
! H#&/4+-+!41+(&! $(,5#!1+!,+'(54#-+&!1+&M
,(54&/(&8!&+<4&/(&!#!1+! 4>)('+&!1+!2#1+,K!\(!2+,M
14&5,4$4-(549-K 7)0-&+$,&,7&D/.8#6-%&.-7#&
! L4+-+!.(*#! -)-5(!2)+1+!1+6+-1+,&+!
,+-14$4+-/#!+&5#'(,K ?! &+! +-5)+-/,(! +-! )-(!
& B#,07-&+$,&<,3,& &4/)(549-!1+!1+&3+-/(*(K
,+(554#-(,!&4+$2,+!
5#-!34#'+-54(K \#&! ?! '(&! +&/)14(-/+&!
! Y&!3I5/4$(!1+!34#'+-54(! +$,& 7)0& #08#6#<-<)7N
6($4'4(,K! (&! +<2+,4$+-/(-! )-!
362 363
7$>*#6#,08)& *,-1& +$,&
2)+1+! 4-/+,6+,4,! 5#-! &)! Sabas que en el
1+&(,,#''#!&#54('!?!+$#M Per existe la Ley
54#-('8! (&I! 5#$#! +-! &)!
,+-14$4+-/#!+&5#'(,K N 29719 - Ley
que promueve
la convivencia
sin violencia en
las instituciones
educativas?

364 365
366 367
6789'J;#"='D="&."';'
"0.-0'"E$0-/$-0>
]-! $+14#! 4$2#,/(-/+!
2(,(! 5(-('4Z(,! '(! (/+-M
549-! 1+! +&/#&! (5/#&! +&!
+'! ! HI&+;+! fmmmK&4&+3+K
2+V& +$,& ,7& $0& 7#78,6-&
1+! ,+>4&/,#8! (/+-549-! ?!
&+>)4$4+-/#! 1+! 5(&#&!
1+! 34#'+-54(! +&5#'(,! 1+'!
368
74-4&/+,4#!1+!Y1)5(549-!
-1& +$,& ($,<,& -..,<,*&
/#1(!3I5/4$(!#!/+&/4>#!1+!
.$-1+$#,*& ?,.?)& <,& D#)M
'+-54(!+-!'(!+&5)+'(!2(,(!
+$,&7,&-.8I,&<,&#06,<#-8)&
+-!&)!&#')549-K
369
6789'#;0-0'0"'E8"/"&'
="T$0.=;='R';."&/"='":'
!K0"Z">

Y-! +'! HI&+;+! &+! ,+>4&/,(!

?! (/4+-1+! 5(&#&! 1+! .)M
''?4->! f34#'+-54(! +-/,+!
+&/)14(-/+&g!?!#/,(&!6#,M
$(&!1+!34#'+-54(!+&5#'(,!
+$,& ?-@-& 7#<)& ,H,*.#<-&
2#,!+'!2+,&#-('!1+!'(!4-&M
/4/)549-!+1)5(/43(K

370 371
H+!2)+1+!,+2#,/(,!'(^ 2,0,"#.#)7&<,1&K/7,[,Q
! ;4#'+-54(!3+,.(' ! Y&!5#-641+-54('K
! ;4#'+-54(!2&45#'9>45( ! H+!,+54.+!(2#?#!
! ;4#'+-54(!2#,! 1+!'(!4-&/4/)549-!
4-/+,-+/!#!5+')'(, +1)5(/43(K
! H)&/,(5549-!1+! & K,&(*,D#,0,&+$,&
2+,/+-+-54(& &)5+1(-!-)+3#&!
& [#)1,0.#-&"/7#.- N+5N#&!1+!34#'+-54(K
! ;4#'+-54(!&+<)(' ! H+!>(,(-/4Z(!'(!
! ;4#'+-54(!5#-!(,$(& 2,#/+5549-!1+!'(&`
'#&!+&/)14(-/+&K

372 373
 : ! 5#-/4-)(549-! /+!
1($#&!(!5#-#5+,!'#&!&+,M
3454#&!+&2+54('4Z(1#&!1+'!
0,#>,($(!"(54#-('!R#-M
/,(! '(! ;4#'+-54(! S($4M
'4(,! ?! H+<)('! 1+'! 7P708!
?! #/,#&! +<4&/+-/+&! +-! +'!
0+,V!(!'#&!5)('+&!2)+1+&!
,+5),,4,K

374 375
 ,J;.' 1ff!+&!)-!&+,3454#!
>,(/)4/#! 1+! 4-6#,$(549-8!
#,4+-/(549-!?!5#-&+*+,I(8!
<,& .-*C.8,*& .)0"#<,0.#-1&
(-/+!2#&4.'+&!&4/)(54#-+&!
1+! 34#'+-54(! 1),(-/+! '(!
+/(2(! 1+! +-($#,($4+-M
/#! #! -#34(Z>#K! L($.4Q-!
(/4+-1+! (! 2+,&#-(&! (6+5M
/(1(&!2#,!34#'+-54(!6($4M
'4(,K!

376 377
nR)%'! +&! &)! N#,(,4#! 1+!
(/+-549-o
_+! ')-+&! (! 34+,-+&! 1+!
G^jj!($!(!Aj^jj!2$!
6789'"&#-&.=;=G0'"&'":'
#J;.'1ff>
! e,4+-/(549-!
2&45#'9>45(!1+!
$(-+,(!4-$+14(/(!?!
>,(/)4/(K
& T)0"#<,0.#-1#<-<A
! 0,43(541(1K
! L,(/#!2+,&#-('4Z(1#K
378 379
 ,"&.=-' C<"=T"&#$;'
?8M"=!+&!)-!&+,3454#!>,(M
/)4/#!1+!(/+-549-!(!-4[(&8!
-4[#&8!(1#'+&5+-/+&!?!/#1(!
(,*7)0-& +$,& ?-& 7$>*#<)&
&4/)(54#-+&! 1+! 34#'+-54(!
6($4'4(,! #! &+<)('K! Y&/%!
5#-6#,$(1#! 2#,! 2,#6+M
7#)0-1,7&+$,&8,&-8,0<,*C0&
5#-! 5('41(1! ?! 5('41+ZK! H4!
5#-#5+&!)-!N+5N#!1+!34#M
'+-54(! .)&5(! +'! RY7! $%&!
5+,5(-#!(!/)!14&/,4/#K
380 381
 AK&";'1ff8!+&!)-!-V$+,#!
1+! (?)1(! 2(,(! 2+,&#-(&!
+$,& ,78C0& ,0& *#,74)& <,&
34#'+-54(!#!5#-#5+-!#!&#-!
/+&/4>#&!1+!('>V-!5(&#!5+,M
5(-#! 1+! 34#'+-54(! 6($4'4(,!
#!&+<)('K!

0)+1+&! $(,5(,! 1+&1+!

.$-1+$#,*& 8,1G>)0)& \"#H)& )&
5+')'(,g! ! +'! -V$+,#! Ajj8!
+&! >,(/4&! ?! /+! (/+-1+$#&!
/#1#&!'#&!1I(&8!'(&!BD!N#,(&K
382 383
 Y&/($#&! /($.4Q-! +-! '(&!
,+1+&! &#54('+&K! bV&5(-#&!
+-! S(5+.##i! 5#$#! 0,#M
>,($(! "(54#-('! R#-/,(!
'(! ;4#'+-54(! S($4'4(,! ?!
H+<)('! O! 0"R;SH8! ! +-!
Lm4//+,! 5#$#! pR#-/4>#q
7P708!?!+-!h#)/).+!5#$#!
Re"LPae! O! 7P70d! N(Z/+!
6(-!?!14&6,)/(!1+!5#-&+*#&8!
*,"1,=#)0,7%&D#<,)7&@&6$M
5N#!$%&8!&#.,+!+'!+-($#M
,($4+-/#!?!-#34(Z>#K
384 385
c"#8"=/;'F8"'.;<H$9&' Y&/(&!4-&/4/)54#-+&!/4+-+-!
E8"/"0';#8/$=';) +-/,+!&)&!6)-54#-+&!'(!1+!
3+'(,! 2#,! '(! 2,#/+5549-!
! _Y7]":!1+!/)! ('! $+-#,! 6,+-/+! /#1(!
7)-4542('41(1K >)*6-& <,& D#)1,0.#-& +$,&
! \(&!R#$4&(,I(&!1+! 2)+1(! 2#-+,! +-! ,4+&>#!
S($4'4(!#!5#$4&(,I(&! &)!4-/+>,41(1K
.%&45(&K
! S4&5('I(!1+!S($4'4(!#!
74</(K

386 387
 :&#54(549-!1+!R#$)-45(1#,+&!
H#54('+&!R('(-1,4(!fBjAAg!
2$)#$3'4#(-'/#0)$'($'.#,/$%*#-5'
6)786#*,&'9:';'<'=>'?-)6#//-3'
@-*6,)$&'($')#$&A,'($'/-'
.#,/$%*#->
:?-4!_+&(,,#''#!fBjAFg!
B-)-'A,C-)'($'/-&'D#&D-&'
Bibliografa ,8,)6E%#(-($&'<'FE$'%,&'-&#&6-%'
/,&'D#&D,&'($)$*+,&>'GE7-'($'
E&,'($/'.#($,'8-)-'-(,/$&*$%6$&'
<'HI.$%$&'J?,%&6)E<$%(,'
#AE-/(-(K>'\4$(!O!0+,VK
R(&/([+1(8!7(,4-(!fBjj@g!
L/'D-*+#&D,'#%.#&#0/$>'7Q<45#^!
Y14/#,4('!L(),)&K!!
rN//2^``mmmK'+5/),('4(K5#$`

388 389
'4.,#`CCFBE`+'M$(5N4&$#M
4-34&4.'+s!R#-&)'/(1#!+'!
BA`jE`AJK
R#$)-41(1!1+!7(1,41!
B),A)-D-'($'-6$%*#I%'8-)-'
-(,/$&*$%6$&'.7*6#D-&'($'
.#,/$%*#-'($'AM%$),'J9,'6$'
*,)6$&KNN//2^``.4/K'?`A0//6G0O
R#-&)'/(1(!+'!jB`jE`AJK
R#->,+&#!1+!'(!X+2V.'45(!!
JP$<'=Q=RS'P$<'8-)-'8)$.$%#)'
<'&-%*#,%-)'$/'-*,&,'&$TE-/'
$%'$&8-*#,&'8U0/#*,&K!fBjAJg!
:2,#.(1#!+'!BC!1+!$(,Z#!1+'!
BjAJK!\4$(!M!0+,VK
390
R#-&+*('I(!1+!P>)('1(1!1+'!
:?)-/($4+-/#!1+!79&/#'+&!
J2#'D$'*,%6),/-&'%,'D$'FE#$)$&K'
rN//2^``mmmK$#&/#'+&K
+&`$#&/#'+&`5$`>(''+,?`
,+34&/(_t`>)4(q(1#'+&5+-/+&`
m+.`4-1+<KN/$'s!R#-&)'/(1(!+'!
jB`jE`AJK
Y-'(5+8!R#$)-45(549-!?!
R(2(54/(549-!:R!fBjAAg!
B)$.$%A-D,&'/-'6)-6-'($'
8$)&,%-&>'L%3'V-(#,6$*-'
V$('2,*#-/'($'V-(#-/#&6-&>'
rN//2^``,(14#/+5(K-+/`()14#`
2,+3+->($#&M'(M/,(/(M1+M
2+,&#-(&s!R#-&)'/(1#!+'!
jD`jE`AJK!
391
]-45+6!!fBjjEg!
P-'.#,/$%*#-'/$'+-*$'D-/'-'/-&'
W-D#/#-&>'2-%6#-A,'($'?+#/$3'
RN4'+!!mmmK)-45+6K5'!``!mmmK
2,#>,($(2)+-/+K5'
S#-1#!7)-14('!1+!\)5N(!
5#-/,(!+'!H41(8!'(!7('(,4(!?!'(!
L).+,5)'#&4&!f&`6gK!
?,%.$)&-%(,'*,%'/,&'<'/-&''
-(,/$&*$%6$&'($'$&6#/,&'($'
.#(-'&-/E(-0/$&5'&$TE-/#(-('
($'8)$.$%*#I%'($'X"2'<'4XY'
2XZ[>!rN//2^``.4/K'?`A"0:e(Ds!
R#-&)'/(1#!+'!j@`jE`AJK
P-&/4/)/#!"(54#-('!1+!'(&!
7)*+,+&!fBjjEg! ! 4-$)*+,+&K>#.K$<`
GE7-'$%'2$TE-/#(-('<'GM%$),'
392
8-)-'-(,/$&*$%6$&>'\,%6$.#($,!
M!!],)>)(?K
P"H7!=#-#,4#!_+'>(1#!O!
=41+?#!"#>)5N4!fBjAAg!!
GE7-'$(E*-6#.-'8)$.$%*#I%'
($'/-'.#,/$%*#-'($&($'$/'
$%-D,)-D#$%6,'$%'$/'
<'/-'-(,/$&*$%6$>!\4$(8!
0+,VK!
P"7]tYXYH!O!P-&/4/)/#!
"(54#-('!1+!'(&!7)*+,+&!!
\#6,&'($'/-'.#,/$%*#-'FE$'&$'
*,D$6$'*,%6)-'/-&'DEH$)$&'
$%'$/']D0#6,'W-D#/#-)!!
rN//2^``341(&4-34#'+-54(K
D#<-7#0D#)1,0.#-N]+^6#8)7_&
393
R#-&)'/(1#!BA`jE`BjAJg MMMMMMM!fBjAF.g! !
S#''+/#^! B)$.$%*#I%' ($' /-' .#,/$%*#-'
7P70!fBjAD(g! ! W-D#/#-)'<'&$TE-/'$%'/-&'#%&6#6E*#,%$&'
B,)'E%-'.#(-'/#0)$'($'.#,/$%*#-5' $(E*-6#.-&>'\4$(8!0+,V
AE7-'($'E&,'($'.#($,&'$(E*-6#.,&'
W)$%6$'-'/-'.#,/$%*#-'($'AM%$),5' MMMMMMM!fBjAB(g! !
W-D#/#-)'<'&$TE-/>'P#D-3' B/-%'9-*#,%-/'($'[**#I%'8,)'/-'
0"R;SHK X%W-%*#-'<'[(,/$&*$%*#-';QR;'_'
;Q;R>!\4$(8!0+,VK
MMMMMMM!fBjAD.g! !
?,$(E*-*#I%5'D-&*E/#%#(-($&'<' MMMMMMM!fBjAB.g! !
8)$.$%*#I%'($'/-'.#,/$%*#-'$%'/-' \I(E/,'($'W,)D-*#I%'($'
$&*E$/->'P#D-5'B$)U> B),D,6,)$&'L(E*-(,)$&'*,%6)-'/-'
.#,/$%*#-'W-D#/#-)'<'&$TE-/>'\4$(8!
MMMMMMM!fBjAF(g! ! 0+,VK!
S#''+/#&^!J^E#$)$'&#%'.#,/$%*#-5'
D-)*-'/-'(#W$)$%*#-K'<'J"ED0-' 74-4&/+,4#!1+!Y1)5(549-!
\#6,&K> fBjAJg!P,&'($)$*+,&'<'
($0$)$&'($'/,&'%#`,&5'/-&'%#`-&'

394 395
<'-(,/$&*$%6$&>'\4$(8!0+,V!
`?88(QNN3#8A1@Na;+bFcd_&
5#-&)'/(1#!BA`jE`BjAJ
MMMMMM!fBjjGg! !
4#.$%*#-%(,'\#'2$TE-/#(-(>'GE7-'
8-)-'6E6,)$&'<'6E6,)-&>'\4$(8!0+,VK
74-4&/+,4#!1+'!P-/+,4#,!fBjAAg!
B/-%'9-*#,%-/'($'[**#I%'?,%6)-'
/-'")-6-'($'B$)&,%-&'$%'$/'B$)U!
BjAAMBjACK
P-&/4/)/#!:-1(')Z!1+!'(!7)*+,8!
R#-&+*+,I(!2(,(!'(!P>)('1(1!
?!b4+-+&/(,!H#54('8!t)-/(!1+!
:-1(')5I(!
396
?-)6#//-3'J[0)$'/,&',H,&'$/'
-D,)'%,'$&'*#$A,K!rN//2^``.4/K
'?`AhX-?u+s!R#-&)'/(1(!+'!
jB`jE`AJK
e,>(-4Z(549-!P-/+,-(54#-('!
2(,(!'(&!74>,(54#-+&!fBjADg!
[8)$%(#$%(,'&,0)$'6)-6-'($'
8$)&,%-&3'a%-'AE7-'8-)-'HI.$%$&>!
b)+-#&!:4,+&!M!:,>+-/4-(K
04Z(,,#8!=Q5/#,!fBjjCgK!!
B,)FE$'&,<'+,D0)$5'E%-'.#&#I%'
($'/-'%E$.-'D-&*E/#%#(-(>'
rN//2^``.4/K'?`AXivu]>s!
R#-&)'/(1#!+'!AE`Aj`AJK
397
H).&+5,+/(,4(!1+!0,+3+-549-! $%'-(,/$&*$%6$&>'rN//2^``.4/K
?!0(,/4542(549-!R4)1(1(-(M! '?`A"=h]H0s!R#-&)'/(1#!+'!
_4,+5549-!a+-+,('!1+! j@`jE`AJ
0,+3+-549-!1+'!_+'4/#!?!
2(,/4542(549-!R4)1(1(-(8! ;(''+*#8!Y'4Z(.+/Nd!X43(,#'(8!
fBjABg! ! 7(,4(!0()'(!fBjAFg!
GE7-'($/'6-//$)3'8)$.$%*#I%'($'/-' P-'.#,/$%*#-'#%.#&#0/$3'[*,&,'
.#,/$%*#-'$%'$/'%,.#-CA,>!rN//2^`` &$TE-/'*-//$H$),'-'DEH$)$&'$%'
.4/K'?`AwE+'"]s!R#-&)'/(1(!+'! P#D-'D$6),8,/#6-%->'P-&/4/)/#!1+!
jF`jE`AJ Y(#0#50&BI31#.-&<,&1-&B)08#"#.#-&
]-43+,&41(1!R(/9'45(!1+'!0+,V!
H+5,+/(,I(!1+!Y1)5(549-! fR)(1+,-#&!1+!P-3+&/4>(549-!"l!
0V.'45(!fBjABg! ! D!M!BjAFgK!
B,)'D#'&-/E('<'6E'6)-%FE#/#(-(5'
+-0/$D,&'($'&$TE-/#(-(>'7Q<45#K
]-43+,&41(1!1+!R)+-5(K!f&`6g!
GE7-'($'L(E*-*#I%'8-)-'2-/E(3'
B)$.$%*#I%'($'$D0-)-C,&'

398 399
 !
!
Y'!2,+&+-/+!'4.,#!&+!
/+,$4-9!1+!4$2,4$4,!+-!'#&!
8-11,*,7&4*C"#.)7&<,AAA

400