Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I. WILL (FUTURE)
1. THE USE THE WILL , CAN AND MAY
1. PRODUCTION OF THE NEW MACHINE WILL COMMENCE NEXT YEAR
2. WORK WILL SHORTLY BEGIN ON THE NEW MOTORWAY
3. THE NEW AIRCRAFT WILL FLY FOR THE FRIST TIME ON MONDAT
II. Capability,( will,can, capable , are able to )
These planes will fly
These planes can fly
These planes are capable of flying at 800 miles per hour
These planes are able to fly
III.PREVENTION , PROTECTION
Good lubrication prevents overheating
Good lubrication prevfents damage to the bearings
Reduce
Prevent
By taking precautions in the Avoid Risk
Factory we can Obviate the Danger Of accidents
eliminate possibility
Classification
Two Types
There are Three Kinds
Several Sorts Of bearings
many Clases
varieties
VELOCITY
Increase
There is an In speed
Decrease
reduction
Word study
Adopt
Apply : puto n
Fairly .BASTANTE
DRAUGHT:LIMPIAR, BORRAR
FAIRLY
RATHER;MAS BIEN,ALGO
SLIGHTLY:LIGERAMENTE
Normal( 500 C )
The temperatura in nthe boiler is Slightly ( 505 C
Fairly high ( this is an advantage)
Rather high (this is a disadvantage
Structure
active passive
The driver starts the engine The engine is started
The welds the plates together The piston are welded together
The furnace smelts the ore The ore is smelted in the furnace
The man sharpened his tool His tool was sharpened
He welded the plates together The plates were welded together
They will start the work soon The work will soon be started
They must lubricate bearings Bearings must be lubricated
A lathe can cut screws Screws can be cut on a lathe
Lathe: torno
METHODS
SHOULD
This Word is used very often in technical writing ,with several slightly different meanings
the air craft is capable Reaching A speed of 4000 miles per hour
Attaining
achieving
Absorb: take in
Efficiency
1. The efficiency of a machine is the ratio of work which is done to the energy which
is supplied
2. Tghe efficiency of a jet engine at great speeds and altitudes is greater than that of a
piston engine.
3. An ideally efficient machine is one which has an effciency of 100%.
4. An effcient wter circulation in the boiler is necessary for rapid production of
steam
TOO MUCH OR TOO LITTLE
need lubricating
The bearings To be lubricated
require Some lubrication
The machine
The tool
It is Neccesary For the bearings to be lubricated
essential
The furnace rapidly reaches Required temperature
the necessary
Evolution of PLC:-
When the first electronic machine control was designed, relays were to control the
machine logic.
1. Less reliability
What is PLC?
A Programmable Logic Controller , PLC, or Programmable Controller is
an electronic device
used for Automation of industrial processes, such as control of machinery on factory
assembly lines. A programmable controller is a digitally operating electronic
apparatus which uses a programmable memory for the internal storage of
instructions for implementing specific functions, such as logic, sequencing,
timing, counting and arithmetic, to control various machines or
processes through digital or analog input/output devices.
Unlike general purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and
output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical
noise, and resistance to vibrations and impacts.
2. Power supply
4. Programming device
CPU and Memory Module:-
This is the device where PLC program is stored and processed. The size and type
of CPU
determines the programming functions available, size of the application logic
available, amount of
memory supported, and processing speed.
Power Supply:-
The power supply provides power for the PLC system. It provides internal DC
This can be built into the PLC or an external unit. Common voltage levels
Inputs carry signals from the field (process) to the controller. Various types of
inputs can be switches, pressure sensors, transmitters etc. The field devices
to whom PLC sends the results of logical operations are the output devices.
These are the actuators that adjusts or control the process, motors, lights,
relays, pumps, etc. Many types of inputs and outputs can be connected to a
PLC and they can be categorised mainly as analog and digital. Digital inputs
Programming Device:-
Held Terminal(HHT) that can load and change the logic inside.
PLC Program is a Logic that is executed by the CPU. This logic can
are the languages used for writing logic as per IEC standard. The
remain connected.
PLC Scan:-
"run" mode and the PLC executes the application program. The CPU
regularly reads the status of the input devices, and sends data to the
output devices as per the logical results after execution of the program.
Memory
executes logic, it may also read and store values to memory. The
off.
values.
Digital I/O
Analog I/O
I/O modules connect "real world" field devices to the controller. They
convert the electrical signals used in the field devices into electronic
signals that can be used by the control system, and translate real world
I/O Wiring:-