Mark Irwin Goh BK16160277 HK20 Thermodynamics KS07702

SOLVING GLOBAL WARMING ISSUE BY USING

ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY ENERGY

In this 21st century, the average global temperature has increased rapidly in recorded history for
the past 50 years. That is the meaning of global warming as we heard. Global warming is causes
when CO2, carbon dioxide and other air pollutants and greenhouse gasses collect in the
atmosphere and absorb sunlight and the radiation that have ricocheted off the worlds surface.
Ordinarily, this radiation would escape into space but because of greenhouse effect, these
pollutants, which stays for years to centuries in the earths atmosphere, prison the heat and causes
our earth to be hot. The largest source that created the pollutant is the burning of fossil fuels to
make electricity which produce two billion tons of CO2 every year. As for transportation sector, it
is the second-largest source to generate of CO2 emissions for about 1.7 billions ton per year. Some
scientist agree that the global warming is linked to extreme weather. The example of extreme
weather are hotter heat waves, more frequent droughts, longer and more rainfall and stronger
typhoon. In 2017, for example, the rainfall more frequently occur and stronger compare previous
year which cause more flood around urban and rural cities. The earths ocean temperature are
getting warmer too and the volume will increase due to the ice in North Earth are melting. The
whole globe feels the impact of the global warming. High temperature heat waves have caused
more deaths in every year. And in an alert sign of events to come, Antarctica has been losing more
ice per year since 2002. This rate will accelerate if we still using burning fossil fuel at our current
pace which expert believe that it will cause sea levels to rise several meters over the next 50 to
150 years. There are more consequences of global warming that I could tell such as melting
glaciers in some cold countries like the west of United States of America. Other that, forests,
farms and cities will face trouble some new pests, heat waves, heavy rainfalls and increased
flooding which will damage agriculture, fisheries, economics and the community and disruption of
habitats for most animal around the globe. So in this essay, we will apply first law of
thermodynamic knowledge to minimize pollution in real energy application environment. Why
first law of thermodynamic? This is because 1st law thermodynamic is an expression of the
conservation of energy principle, there is no such thing as using energy. All energy consuming
processes follow the first law of thermodynamics, which states that energy can neither be created
nor destroyed. It can only change forms. We consume energy, but what were really doing is using
energy in one form (gasoline, for instance) and converting that into other forms. What we seek
when we consume energy is to change the form of the energy into usable work. As that work
progresses, the energy changes form once again, usually into heat energy released back into the
environment. And that is why we will use renewable energy so that it will not produce pollutant
thus minimize pollution around the globe.

The most known renewable energy is the solar energy. Solar electric systems convert energetic
photons into electrical energy, which in turn gets converted into some other form of energy
depending on which appliances in the house we are powering. The appliances then emit heat into
the environment, solar energy was captured with a special material, mostly are silicone. The
largest factor in solar cell production is it very expensive. However, with advance technology
solar is becoming more cheaper, and large efficient solar cells are being made. This is imperative,
since high effectiveness cells are difficult to come by. New materials are giving solar cells that are
simpler to install and transport. Flexible solar cells can be utilized for building solar arrays
and residential use is becoming famous. One of the fundamental factors in effectiveness is the fact
that solar panels only create electricity power during sunny day, and can be hampered by pollution
or cloudy conditions. Some sort of capacity is required in order to make full utilized of solar
energy. However, there are environmental effects related with building arrays, since they take up a
lot of room (which is the reason deserts are being considered -- but at the same time ecological
effects are a reality). In a few regions, control companies are toying with installing solar panels
and the thought of renting rooftops. with this, most organizations could generate renewable energy
that would be theirs, clients could see their costs to be cheaper, and install at house would not have
to be paid. Warehouses would be focusing in big regions. These sorts of projects could help
overcoming the cost-efficiency hurdle, while diminishing the environmental effect of huge solar
establishments. Conversion of the solar energy to electric energy does not produce pollutant thus it
is not global warming emission associated and safe for the environment. But dismantlement,
decommissioning, maintenance, installation manufacturing and materials transportation of the
solar panel does harm our earth. The solar panel also need big space to be install Even so, despite
all of that, solar energy is a environmental friendly energy which could be generate the energy
from the sun in the daylight only.I hope expert will keep continue to find a way to improve it so
that we can replace fossil fuel for good.

Next, I would propose is the wind energy. Wind power is expand rapidly among countries like
China, USA and India and is becoming a well known renewable energy resource. It produce
electric energy by using the air flow through wind turbines through mechanically. It does not
produces greenhouse gas emission during operation, consumes no water, and uses little land and it
is consider as an alternative to burning fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable and widely distributed.
The net effects on the environment are far less dangerous than those of nonrenewable
power sources. Most of the wind farms have electric transmission network that connected with
many individual wind turbines. However, are not particularly mainstream. They can affect nearby
environment and natural life, and even give noise pollution. Also, many individuals feel that the
gear utilized obstructs scenic views. There are different sizes to build wind turbines. They can be
made for single private use, and they can be built on a big scale as well. A huge number of jobs
and cost proficient and clean electricity could be accommodated for assembling and keeping up
gear for this wind energy. Onshore wind is an cheap source of electric power, competitive with or
in many spot. As for, offshore wind is steadier and more on ground, and offshore farms have less
visual effect, but development and support costs are extensively higher. Small onshore wind farms
can be give some energy into the grid or provide electric energy to disconnected off-framework
areas. Wind energy gives variable power which is very exceptionally predictable from year to year
yet which has critical variety over shorter time scales. It is utilized as a part of conjunction with
other electric energy sources to give a dependable supply. As the extent of wind energy in a
district builds, a need to enhance the grid, and a lowered the capacity to supplant conventional
production that can happen. Power administration systems such as having limit capacity,
geographically conveyed turbines, dispatch able backing sources, sufficient hydroelectric energy,
in and out power to neighboring areas, or diminishing demand when wind production is low, can
be many problems to overcame. In addition, weather forecasting permits the electric power
network to be prepared for the anticipated varieties in production that happen. The only problem
in using wind energy is that it is needed great deal of wind to pull it off and a lot of open spaces
same as solar panel. Innovation is making this method of sustainable energy more proficient and
less meddlesome, however many still feel that there is far to run with wind power.

The third energy that I would write is geothermal energy. It is a natural processes of the earth that
the heat energy created and put it in the Earth. This energy is that decides the temperature of
matter which is to take it out and utilized this energy like the old days, the ancient Romans
thought about it and used it the space heating and it is also been used for bathing
since Paleolithic times. Now Earths processes are being used to create electrical energy which
going beyond space heating. The geothermal power of the Earth's crust originates from the
arrangement of the planet and from radioactive decay of materials The geothermal gradient, which
is the difference in temperature between the surface of the planet and its core, drives a
continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the center to the surface.
Earth's internal heat is thermal power created from radioactive decay and ceaseless heat loss from
Earth's formation. Temperatures at the coremantle boundary may reach over 7200F(4000 C).
Water and rock is heated in the crust, sometimes up to 700 F (370 F). An extra 28 gigawatts of
direct geothermal heating capacity is installed for local heating, spas,space heating, desalination ,
industrial processed and agricultural applications at the year of 2010. Geothermal power is
afforable, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly which does not give out greenhouse
gases and it is reliable ,although some harmful gases from somewhere down in the earth would be
discharged and should be contained. However it is in limited to region where tectonic plate
boundaries is present. Unfortunately, drilling is included with geothermal extraction. Furthermore,
research and explore is rather expensive. The costs of starting a geothermal plant are very high at
the start, including the channeling that would need to be laid and the various expenses, in spite of
the fact that a geothermal operation takes up less surface space than a power plant that utilizations
oil or coal. Fuel is not vital for a geothermal power plant at all. In any case, once a effective
geothermal power plant is set up, the long-term cost-effectiveness usually makes up for the initial
cost outlay. Recent innovation research have increase the range and size of reliable resources,
particularly for applications such as home heating, opening a potential for boundless exploitation.
Geothermal discharges greenhouse gases trapped inside the earth, but these emanations are much
lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels. The Earth's geothermal assets are hypothetically
more than sufficient to supply mankind's energy needs, however just a little division might be
beneficially exploited.

Water energy is power that come from the energy of quick running water or falling water, which
produce form kinetic energy to electric energy that it may be harnessed for many useful purposes.
In the old days, hydro power come from many form of watermills that has been utilized as a
sustainable energy source for irigation and the operation of different mechanical devices, such as
metal factories, residential lifts, gristmills, sawmills , material plants, trip hammers and dock
cranes. Water-based sustainable energy has been researched for a long while. Hydroelectricity is
our source of power for a long time. Water-based has come many ways, A trompe, which
generated packed air from falling water, is some cases used to control other hardware at a
distance. In the late nineteenth century, hydro-energy became a source for creating electric power.
Since the mid twentieth century, this term have been utilized solely in conjunction with the
advanced improvement of hydroelectric energy. Global establishments for example, the World
Bank see hydro-power as a methods for financial advancement without including considerable
measures of carbon to the air, however dams can have critical negative social and natural effects.
This processed energy does not put out pollution when it been produce but rather there are other
environmental related with the damming of streams and biological effects stemming from this
practice. Despite of this, the most cost-efficient of generating renewable energy is the
hydroelectric power. Other water sources can also be considered as well such as tidal power. It is
considered as an energy alternative too, which being developed right now. Tidal generators set
submerged work in a comparable manner to wind turbines, just they are turned by streams. While
it is earth cordial, tidal power will be troublesome and costly to create, since it includes setting
generators at the base of the sea But then again it will have impact on sea life when we create this
underwater wind farms. This method connected to 1st law of thermodynamic because the
kinetic energy come from the water that spin the turbine that create electric energy. It is high
efficiency that create less pollutant that could be our solution to solve global warming and
minimize pollution.
 While parting (part) is the fundamental source utilized today, intrigue proceeds in creating chilly
combination. At present, however, control plants producing power utilizing atomic parting are
among the most secure plants. They likewise produce control without radiating contamination.
Parting electric power stations are one of the main low carbon control age strategies for creating
power, and as far as aggregate life-cycle ozone depleting substance outflows per unit of vitality
produced, has emanation esteems lower than sustainable power source when the last is taken as a
solitary vitality source. From the earliest starting point of parting electric power station
commercialization in the 1970s, atomic power kept the outflow of around 64 billion tons of carbon
dioxide identical that would have generally come about because of the consuming of
non-renewable energy sources in warm power stations. There is a social civil argument about
atomic power. There have additionally been some atomic submarine mishaps. As far as lives lost
per unit of vitality produced, examination has discovered that parting electric reactors have caused
less fatalities per unit of vitality created than the other real wellsprings of vitality age. Vitality
creation from coal, oil, flammable gas and hydroelectricity has caused a more noteworthy number
of fatalities per unit of vitality produced because of air contamination and vitality mishap impacts.
The greatest downside that many see with atomic vitality is the waste. Radioactive waste is a
worry, since it is a wellbeing peril and if put away shamefully can filter into soil and groundwater.
In any case, with the correct sort of procedures, it is conceivable to recuperate the loss from the
responses, recovering it for additionally control age. With mechanical headways, it could be
hypothetically conceivable to recover up to 95% of the loss from starting responses. At the present
time, however, France leads in atomic waste reusing with just 28%. Another issue is dread of
treachery that could bring about extensive scale tainting. Notwithstanding, atomic vitality is the
most likely the quickest technique that could be tried for vitality autonomy from petroleum
derivatives.

In this case, the renewable energy that change to various form that we learn from the 1st law
thermodynamic that we have researched can be implement to solve the problem of global
warming. Since we cant created nor destroyed energy, our only option is to change something
which not our current fuel, fossil fuels and use alternative energy so that pollutant that being
created is reduced. Alternative energy that we can used is that I have written is solar, wind,
geothermal, hydroelectric and nuclear energy which are safe to be used that being said by
researchers and experts. Even so, this energy has its flaw that could harm us like the nuclear
energy and created some pollutant when manufactured the material such photo-voltaic cell
example from solar energy. Most of the alternative energy needed a large area of power plant but
this also same goes to fossil fuel that need drill in middle of the ocean. Nonetheless, the process of
the renewable energy is better then fossil fuel energy because efficiency of the energy is higher
and less produce pollutant. If the whole world could implement renewable energy by following
the thermodynamics 1st law, our world still can be save from global warming.

References
1. https://fgilantranslations.com/2017/01/22/shuumatsu-v3-c1-before-that-battle-begins/
2. Nuclear Energy: Statistics, Dr. Elizabeth Ervin
3. Holttinen, Hannele; et al. (September 2006). "Design and Operation of Power Systems with
Large Amounts of Wind Power". IEA Wind Summary Paper, Global Wind Power
Conference 1821 September 2006, Adelaide, Australia.
4. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/geothermal-energy/tech.html
5. http://www.ucsusa.org/clean-energy/energy-water-use/water-energy-electricity-overview
6. https://phys.org/news/2009-05-feasible-renewable-energy-sources.html