Submitted to: Submitted by:

(Department Of Electronics And Instrumentation Engg.)

Acknowledgement

Technology is like an ocean and an engineer like a pearl

driver in search of a treasure lied beneath the sea. There is no end of
technical studies. We are very thankful to all the people who with
their views and participation helped us to carry this project
successfully.

We sincerely express our deep gratitude to Mrs.

Parvinder Kaur(Lect. EIE) who inspite of their busy schedule helped
us a lot. Also we would like to thanks Mrs.Rekha (Head of project
lab) to have faith in us and be our project incharge.

Last but not the least we are thankfull to all the technical
and non technical staff who helped us to complete this task in time.
INTRODUCTION
The basic concept behind this project is Embedded
Systems. In this system we are suppose to use Micro-Controllers to
develop the complete application with a basic Controller Card. In
the discussions we will move on step by step to achieve the
complete knowledge of the card and its application circuit with
programming in assembly language which is the basic language of
Electronics Engineers.

Microprocessor & microcontrollers are widely used in

embedded system products. An embedded product uses a
microprocessor (or microcontroller) to do one task and one task
only. A printer is an example of embedded system since the
processor inside it performs only one task; namely, getting the data
and printing it. In an embedded system, there is only one
application software that is typically burned in to ROM. An x86
PC contains or is connected to various embedded products such as
the keyboard, printer, modem, disk controller, sound card, CD-
ROM driver, mouse and so on. Each one of these peripherals has a
microcontroller inside it that performs only one task. For example,
inside every mouse there is a microcontroller that performs the
task of finding the mouse position and sending it to the PC.

Keyboards and LCDs are the most widely used

input/output of the microcontroller 8051. In1981, Intel corporation
introduced an 8-bit microcontroller called the 8051. This
microcontroller had 128 bytes of RAM, 4K bytes of on-chip ROM
two timers, one serial port, and four ports (each 8-bits wide) all on
a single chip.
 Then after that Intel 8051 came with many versions
with different speeds and amounts of on-chip ROM. There are two
other members in the 8051 family of microcontroller. They are the
8052 and the 8031.

There are some differences among them as following:-

S.No. Features 8051 8052 8031

1. ROM (bytes) 4K 8K 0K
2. RAM (bytes) 128 256 128
3. Timers 2 3 2
4. I/O pins 32 32 32
5. Serial Port 1 1 1
6. Interrupt sources 6 8 6

The 8051 is available in different memory types, such

as UV-EPROM, flash, and NV-RAM, all of which have different
part numbers. The UV-EPROM version of the 8051 is the
8751.The flash ROM version is marketed by many companies
including Atmel Corp. and Dallas Semiconductor. We have used
AT89S52 in my project during my training. AT89S52 is
inexpensive and popular chip used in many small projects. It has
8K bytes of flash ROM,128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O pins, 5Volt Vcc
and 40 pins of packaging.
COMPONENTS LIST

Power Supply Section

Name of component Quantity

• Transformer 5 volts 1
• Diodes IN4007 2
• Capacitors 47µf,25volts 2
• Regulator IC7805 1
• L.E.D 1
• Resistor 330Ω 1

Microcontroller Section

• IC AT89S52 ATMEL 1
• Capacitors 22µf,25volts 1
• Optocoupler 4n35 1
• Resistors 8.2KΩ 1
• Crystal oscillator 11.058Mhz 1
• Heating element 1
• Relay 6 V dc 1
• Transistors 3
• Switches (for level setting)
• Reset switch 1
• Oven cover(Stainless steel)
• LCD( for display)
Software

• Keil Compiler
• C language

Miscellaneous
• Multi-strand wires
• Solder paste
• Solder iron
• Screw driver
• Jumper wire
• Cutter
• Twister
• Flux
• Double side 10-pin connector
• Multimeter
Hardware Description

• Power Supply :-

The power supply basically

consists of rectifiers, filter circuits and voltage
regulators. The transformer converts the 220 volts
AC into 9 volts AC. This AC is then rectified using
full wave conventional rectifier i.e. AC is
converted to the DC. The ripples of the DC current
are smoothened using a filter capacitor 47µf, 25volts. The voltage
regulator IC 7805 clamps the voltage at 5 volts which is required
by microcontroller to operate seven segment & L.C.D too.

Regulator :-
The heart of this regulator is a special regulator chip with three
legs:-

1. Input
2. Output
3. Common.
These chips come in all different varieties and
the ones we are interested in are the:-
• 5 Volt positive
regulator..........7805

These regulators depending on

manufacturer and type have a maximum
input voltage of between 20 and 40 Volts.
We can buy it from any company like:-
• Maplin Electronics
• Farnell
• Radio Spares

IC AT89S51 :
 The AT89S52 is a low power, high-performance
CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system
programmable flash memory. The device is manufactured using
Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is
compatible with the industry-standard 8051 instruction set and
pinout. The on-chip flash allows the program memory to be
reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory
programmer. This IC is a powerful microcontroller which provides
a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded
controller applications. It has many features as following:-
• 8K bytes of in-system
programmable flash memory
• 4.0v to 5.5v operating range
• 256x8-bit internal RAM
• 32 programmable i/o lines
• Two 16-bit timer/counters
• Full duplex serial port
• Two data pointer

The pin configuration of controller is itself self explanatory but still

we will get a little bit knowledge of this controller for only those
pins which are really important for our usage.
 +5 V

100 u

MICROCONTROLLER CARD

As seen in the above circuit diagram the Pin no. 9 is a

Reset pin and is used to develop a pulse from low to high when we
are required to reset the controller .The switch across the capacitor
will do this as one of the terminal of the switch is attached to
Vcc .When it is pressed the Vcc reaches the controller pin no. 9
1K
and will reset it. Next to it is pin no. 18 and 19 to which Crystal
circuit is fixed. The crystal has got a frequency of 12 MHz with
two small capacitors of 33pf each. These are used to avoid the
frequency noise in the circuit. The pin no.20 is a ground pin and is
connected to the ground of the supply section. The Pin no.40 is
supply pin thus it is attached to the Vcc which is +5vdc. The pin
no.31 is. Vpp pin and is shorted with pin no 40 to give it Vcc.

33 PF

4 MHz
PIN Configuration
 The AT89C51 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes
of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters,
a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial
port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition, the
AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero
frequency and supports two software selectable power saving
modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM,
timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue
functioning. The Power Down Mode saves the RAM contents but
freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next
hardware reset.

Pin Description
WORKING

Microcontroller based oven is used to cook the food. As it is

microcontroller based so all of its working is controlled by the
program we entered in the microcontroller. So to work with
microcontroller we need some power supply. Therefore, we apply
a circuit to convert the A.C. supply into D.C. power supply of
some specific volt i.e. needed by our circuit.

We also applied an optocoupler to isolate the two circuits. With

optocoupler there is only contact between two with a beam of
light.
In this we use nichrome as heating element, which emits heat
energy when we give power supply to it. Or we can say that it
converts the power energy into heat energy.

In this device we use 3 switches. One for incrementing, second

for decrementing and third for setting the value.
A LCD display is used to see the set value.
In microcontroller port 2 is used to interface the LCD.
Pin 15, 16, 17 are used for switch.

An optocoupler is attached on pin 13 through pnp transistor.

Power supply is follower by a 12-0-12 transformer.
And after a bridge circuit there is a regulator lm 7805.
An led for indication is attached on pin 5.
In this device input is given by the three switches attached on the
front panel of the body. These three switches are attached to the
microcontroller. One switch is used to increment the set value.
One is for decrementing the value and the third switch is used for
setting the required value. After setting the value, the value is
compared by microcontroller with some reference value stored.

As per the module for different levels entered in the

microcontroller, microcontroller will start processing.
Microcontroller will then send the signal to the heating element
nichrome. According to the value entered by user microcontroller
will set the time for which the nichrome element will stay on.
Therefore the heat radiation from element will heat up the box and
then the food material inside is also cooked. As the box is black
painted and also of isolated material. So, no heat radiations will go
outside the box.
 EMBEDDED C PROGRAM FOR
MICROCONTROLLER BASED OVEN

#include<intrins.h>
#include<reg51.h>
#include<lcdrout.h>
#define DATA P2;
#define RS P10
#define RW P11
#define E P12
#define LED P14
#define S1 P35
#define S2 P36
#define S3 P37
#define D P33

Void main ( )
{
While(1)

{
Unsigned char a;
Led=1;
Lcd_initialize();
Acc=0x80;
Lcd_cmd();
Lcd_display(“WELCOME”,7)
SECDELAY(1);
ACC=0X01;
ACC=0X80;
LCD_CMD( );
LCD_DISPLAY(“MICROWAVE OVEN”,14);
SECDELAY(2);
 ACC=0X01;
ACC=0X80;
LCD_CMD( );
LCD_DISPLAY(“ENTER LEVEL”,11);

WHILE(S3!=0)
{
if(S1==0)
{
a++;
if(a==5)
{
a=1;
}
}
if(S2==0)
{
a--;
if(a==0)
{
a=5;
}
}
ACC=0X01;
ACC=0X80;
LCD_CMD( );
DISPLAYPVAL(a);
ms_delay(200);
}
If(s3==0)
{
Control_device(a);
}
}
}

Void control_device(unsigned char a);

{
If(a==1)
{
While(1);
{
D=1;
ms_delay(200);
D=0;
ms_delay(800);
ACC=0x01;
ACC=0x80;
Lcd_cmd( ) ;
Lcd_display(“LEVEL 1”,7)
}
}
Else If(a==2)
{
While(1);
{
D=1;
ms_delay(400);
D=0;
ms_delay(600);
ACC=0x01;
ACC=0x80;
Lcd_cmd( ) ;
Lcd_display(“LEVEL 2”,7)
}
}
Else If(a==3)
{
While(1);
{
D=1;
ms_delay(600);
D=0;
ms_delay(400);
ACC=0x01;
ACC=0x80;
Lcd_cmd( ) ;
Lcd_display(“LEVEL 3”,7)
}
}
If(a==4)
{
While(1);
{
D=1;
ms_delay(800);
D=0;
ms_delay(200);
ACC=0x01;
ACC=0x80;
Lcd_cmd( ) ;
Lcd_display(“LEVEL 4”,7)
}
}
Else If(a==5)
{
While(1);
{
D=1;

ACC=0x01;
ACC=0x80;
Lcd_cmd( ) ;
Lcd_display(“LEVEL 5”,7)
}
}