DICTIONARY

OF MARINE
TECHNOLOGY
By
CYRIL HUGHES, C.Eng., M.I.Mar.E.
LLP Limited
Legal & Business Publishing Division
69-77 Paul Street
London EC2A 4LQ

SOUTH EAST ASIA

LLP Asia Limited
Room 1101, Hollywood Centre
233 Hollywood Road
Hong Kong

Cyril Hughes, 1997

First published in Great Britain 1997

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 1-85978-136-5

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, without the prior written permission' of
LLP Limited.

Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the information.
contained in this book is correct neither the author nor LLP
Limited can accept any responsibility for any errors or omissions
or for any consequences resulting therefrom.

Text set 11 on 13pt Palatino by

Selwood Systems, Midsomer Norton
Printed in Great Britain by Headway Press Ltd, Reading
Preface

This dictionary was written to fill a void in the current selection

of technical works of this nature and it covers all the many recent
developments in the mainly technical side of shipping, although allied
subjects have also been included to give the reader a background to
the reason for some of the developments.
Each item included has been carefully researched and a definitive
rather than an inconclusive explanation offered in most cases. Readers'
attention is drawn to other LLP publications, for example the Dic-
tionary of Shipping Terms and The Marine Encyclop~dic Dictionary which
give more detailed information on the allied non-technical items
included in this work.
Thanks are extended to all those who contributed to the compilation
of the data and special thanks are extended to Claire and David
Hughes.

c.B.
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

ABS American Bureauof Shipping

AC Air Conditioning
AC Alternating Current
AC Anti Corrosive Paint
ACV Air Cushion Vehicle
AF Anti Fouling Paint
AF Anti Friction Bearings
AFRA Average Freight Rate Assessments
AIMS American Institute of Merchant Shipping
ALERT Automatic Life-Saving Emergency Radio
Transmitter
AMD Advanced Multi Hull Designs
AMECRC Australian Maritime Engineering Co-operation
Research Centre
AMRIE Alliance of Maritime Interests in Europe
AMSA Australian Marine Safety Agency
AMVER Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel Rescue
System
AP Aft Perpendicular
API American Petroleum Institute
APS Advanced Propulsion Systems
ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency
ARPA Automatic Radar Plotting Aids
ASD Allowable Stress Design
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
ATOMOS Advanced Technology to Optimise Manpower-
Aboard Ship

BC Bulk Cargo Code

BCH Bulk Chemical Code
vi
 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

BCLU Code of Practise for Safe Loading/Unloading

Bulk Carriers
BHP Brake Horse Power
BIMCO Baltic and International Maritime Council
BM Bending Moment
BSI British Standards Institute

CA Controlled Atmosphere
CAD Computer Aided Design
CAES Canadian Atmospheric Environment Service
CAP Condition Assessment Programme
CCA Chemical Carriers Association
CCAI Calculated Carbon Aromacity Index
CESS Committee for the Elimination of Substandard
Ships
CFC Chlorofluorocarbon
cn Cetane Indicated Index
CLT Contracted and Loaded Tip Propeller
CM Construction Monitoring
CODAD Combined Diesel and Diesel
CODELAG Combined Diesel Electric and Gas Turbine
CODOC Combined Diesel or Gas Turbine
COFR Certificate of Financial Responsibility
cas Chamber of Shipping
COW Crude Oil Washing
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
CPP Controllable Pitch Propeller
CRINE Cost Reduction Initiative for the New Era
CRIS Common Rail Injection System
CRP Contra Rotating Propeller
CRS Corporate Research for Ships
CSA Canada Shipping Act
CSC Convention for Safe Containers
CSR Continuous Service Rating
CST Centis tokes
CV Calorific Value
CYMERA Cyprus Marine Environmental Protection
Association

DC Direct Current
DFT Dry Film Thickness
DIN Deutsche Industrienormen
vii
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

DNV Det Norske Veritas

DP Dynamic Positioning
DR! Direct Reduced Iron
DSC Digital Selective Calling
DSC Dynamically Supported Craft
DWT Deadweight

EC Engineering Council
ECCTO European Chemical Coastal Tanker Owners
E MAIL Electronic Mail
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon
ESP Enhanced Survey Programme
ETS Emergency Towing System
EU European Union

FDA Fatigue Design Assessment

FEA Finite Element Analysis
FEU Forty Foot Equivalent Unit
FOBAS Fuel Oil Bunker Analysis
FOC Flag of Convenience
FP Forward Perpendicular
FPSO Floating Production Storage and Offshore Unit
FSA Formal Safety Assessment
FWPCA Federal Water Pollution Control Act

GA General Average
GESAMP Group of Experts-Scientific Aspects of Marine
Pollution
GL Germanischer Lloyd
GMDSS Global Marine Distress and Safety System
GMT Greenwich Mean Time
GPS Global Positioning System
GRP Glass Reinforced Plastic
GT Gross Tonnage

H&M Hull and Machinery (Policy)

HCM Hull Conditioning Monitoring
HELMEPA Hellenic Marine Environmental Protection
Association
HFO Heavy Fuel Oil
HNS Hazardous and Noxious Substances
viii
 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

HP Horse Power
HSC High Speed Craft
HSS High Sea-Service Speed
HTS High Tensile Steel
HVF High Viscosity Fuel
H2S Hydrogen Sulphide

lACS International Association of Classification

Societies
IBC International Bulk Chemical Code
IBIA International Bunker Industry Association
IBS Integrated Bridge Systems
ICR Intercooled and Recuperated (Gas Turbines)
ICS International Chamber of Shipping
lEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IFP Integrated Fire Protection Systems
IFR Interim Final Rules
IFSMA International Federation of Ship masters
Associations
IG Inert Gas
IGC International Gas Code
IHP Indicated Horse Power
ILLC International Load Line Convention
ILO International Labour Office
ILU Institute of London Underwriters
IMDG International Marine Dangerous Goods Code
IMO International Maritime Organisation
INMARSAT International Marine Satellite Organisation
INTERCARGO International Cargo Owners Association
INTERTANKO International Association of Independent Tanker
Owners
IOPP International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate
IP Institute of Petroleum
IPTA International Parcel Tankers Association
IRCS Integrated Radio Communication Systems
ISF International Shipping Federation
ISGOTT International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and
Terminals
ISID International Ship Information Database
ISM International Safety Management Code
ISMA International Ship Managers Association
ISO International Standards Organisation
ix
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

ISU International Salvage Union

ITF International Transport Workers Federation
ITOPF International Tanker Owners Pollution
Federation
IWL Institute Warranty Limits

JIS Japanese Industrial Standards

LASH Lighter Aboard Ship

LBP Length Between Perpendiculars
LIB Length Breadth Ratio
LCB Longitudinal Centre of Buoyancy
LDC London Dumping Convention
LLL Low Location Lighting
LNG Liquid Natural Gas
La Lubricating Oil
Loe Letter of Compliance
LOOP Louisiana Offshore Oil Port
LOT Load On Top
LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas
LQS Lubricant Quality Scan
LRFD Load and Resistance Factor Design Concept
LRS Lloyd's Register of Shipping
LSA Life Saving Appliances

MAIB Marine Accident Investigation Branch

MARAD Marine Administration
MARIS Maritime Information Society
MARPOL Marine Pollution Convention
MARS Marine Accident Reporting Scheme
MCR Maximum Continuous Rating
MEIF Mandatory Excess Insurance Facility
MEPC Marine Environment Protection Committee
MES Marine Evacuation Systems
MKS Metre Kilogram Second
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
MPA Marine Preservation Association
MSA Marine Safety Agency
MSC Marine Safety Committee
MSCR Marine Spill Response Corporation
MSIS Marine Safety Information Systems
MTBF Mean Time Between Failure
x
 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

MTBO Mean Time Between Overhaul

MTD Marine Technology Directorate

NAABSA Not Always Afloat But Safely Aground

NAMAS National Measurement Accreditation Service
NAVIC Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circular
NDT Non Destructive Testing
NI Nautical Institute
NLS Noxious Liquid Substances
NMD Norwegian Marine Directorate
NOX Nitrogen Oxide
NPRM Notice of Proposed Rule Making
NPSH Net Positive Suction Head
NRC National Research Council
NRC National Response Corporation
NSA Norwegian Shipowners Association
NTSB National Transportation Safety Board
NYPE New York Produce Exchange

OBO Ore Bulk Oil Carrier

OCIMF Oil Companies International Marine Forum
ODMC Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control System
Measurement
ODS Operational Differential Subsidy
OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and
Development
OOW Officer of the Watch (Bridge)
OPA90 Oil Pollution Act 1990
OPRC Oil Pollution and Preparedness Response and
Cooperation Treaty
OSPREY Ocean Swell Power Renewable Energy
OSRL Oil Spill Response Limited
OTIS Offshore Tidal Information Systems
OWS Oily Water Separator

PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyls

PCC Pure Car Carrier
PIRO Petroleum Institute Response Organisation
P&I Protection and Indemnity (Club)
PLT Protectively Located Tanks
PMAX Maximum Pressure
P MEAN Mean Effective Pressure
xi
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

PREP Preparedness for Response Exercise Programme

PROBO Product Oil Bulk Ore Carrier
PSC Port State Control
PSIX Port State Information Exchange
PTI Power Take In
PTO Power Take Off

QA Quality Assurance
QMS Quality Management System
QRA Quality Risk Assessment
QS Quality Standards

RCD Recreational Craft Directive

RDF Radio Directional Finder
REG NEG Regulatory Negotiating Committee
RES Rapid Evacuation Systems
RINA Registro Italiano Navale
RINA Royal Institute of Naval Architects
ROPME Responsible Organisation for Protection of the
Marine Environment
RORO Roll On Roll Off

SAE Society of Automotive Engineers

SAN Strong Acid Number
SAR Search and Rescue
SATCOM Satellite Communication
SATNAV Satellite Navigation
SBT Segregated Ballast Tanks
SCM Screwshaft Condition Monitoring
SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
SDC Selective Digital Calling
SEA Ship Event Analysis
SEMT Societe d'Etudes de Machines Thermiques
SERS Ship Emergency Response Services
SES Surface Effect Ship
SI Statutory Instruments
SI Systeme International
SIRE Ship Inspection Report
SMM Shipbuilding Machinery and Marine Technology
Exhibition
SNAME Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers
SOlAS Safety of Life at Sea Convention .
xii