Application and use of principle of green

chemistry in real life

Computer Chip (Principle :Design for Energy Efficiency)

1. Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed
a process that uses supercritical carbon dioxide in one of the
steps of chip preparation, and it significantly reduces the
quantities of chemicals, energy, and water needed to produce
chips.
2. Richard Wool, former director of the Affordable Composites from
Renewable Sources (ACRES) program at the University of
Delaware, found a way to use chicken feathers to make computer
chips! The protein, keratin, in the feathers was used to make a
fiber form that is both light and tough enough to withstand
mechanical and thermal stresses. The result is feather-based
printed circuit board that actually works at twice the speed of
traditional circuit boards. Although this technology is still in the
works for commercial purposes, the research has led to other
uses of feathers as source material, including for biofuel

Medicine (Principle :Designing Safer Chemicals)

1. Merck and Codexis developed a second-generation green
synthesis of sitagliptin, the active ingredient in JanuviaTM, a
treatment for type 2 diabetes. This collaboration lead to
an enzymatic process that reduces waste, improves yield and
safety, and eliminates the need for a metal catalyst. Early research
suggests that the new biocatalysts will be useful in manufacturing
other drugs as well.

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 Biodegradable Plastics (Principle :Less Hazardous Chemical
Synthesis)
1. NatureWorks of Minnetonka, Minnesota, makes food containers
from a polymer called polylactic acid branded as Ingeo. The
scientists at NatureWorks discovered a method where
microorganisms convert cornstarch into a resin that is just as strong
as the rigid petroleum-based plastic currently used for containers
such as water bottles and yogurt pots. The company is working
toward sourcing the raw material from agricultural waste.

Versatile Bleaching Agents (Principle :Designing Safer

Chemicals)
1. It is common knowledge that paper is manufactured from wood
(which contains about 70% polysaccharides and about 30% lignin). For
good quality paper, the lignin must be completely removed. Initially,
lignin is removed by placing small chipped pieces wood into a bath of
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium sulphide (Na2S). By this process
about 80-90% of lignin is decomposed. The remaining lignin was so far
removed through reaction with chlorine gas (Cl2). The use of chlorine
removes all the lignin (to give good quality white paper) but causes
environmental problems. Chlorine also reacts with aromatic rings of
the lignin to produce dioxins, such as 2,3,4-tetrachloropdioxin and
chlorinated furans. These compounds are potential carcinogens and
cause other health problems.

Quantum Dots (Principle :Design for Energy Efficiency)

1. What have come to be known as quantum dots are
nanocrystals of semiconductor materials that emit a bright
glow of a pure color when theyre excited by light or an applied
voltage.60 Many alternative-energy experts are excited about
quantum dot-based solar cells because they have a theoretical
conversion of 45%. This is possible because when a single
photon is absorbed by a quantum dot, it produces more than
one bound electron-hole pair, or exciton, thereby doubling
normal conversion efficiency numbers seen in single-junction
silicon cells.

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 Greening the Carpet World (Principle : Design of
Separation)
1. Dupont and Mohawk Industries produce Green carpets
from Sorona, a polymer made from 1,3- propanediol.
2. This SmartStrand carpets contain 37% renewable
content by Weight.
3. .According to a survey, 65% of respondents are willing to
pay more for the products that use renewable resources.
4. Another survey showed that 86% of women preferred
these Green products compared with 74% men

References
1. P.T. Anastas, J.C. Warner, Green Chem Theory and Practice, Oxford Univ. Press,
New York (1998).
2. P.T. Anastas, I.T. Hovarsth, Innovations and Green Chemistry, Chem.Rev.107,
2169 (2007)
3. https://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/membership/acs/be
nefits/extra-insights/green-chemistry-applications.pdf
4. https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/greenchemistry/what-is-
green-chemistry/examples.html

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