Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted by the earths atmosphere at any given point

being the product of the mass of the atmosphere column of the unit area above the given point

and the gravitational acceleration at any given point. The value of a normal atmosphere exerted

by a column of mercury 29.92 inches (760mm) high ,or 1013mb (101.3 kilopascals)

Horizontal distribution is shown on the map with the help of isobars. An isobar is a line

connecting points of equal pressure. They are usually analogous to the contour lines on a relief

map. The spacing of these in air pressure. This charge is known as between pressure difference

and actual horizontal pressure distance between two points. Horizontal distribution of pressure

is not uniform in the word. It varies from time to time at given place; it varies from place from

place to place over short distances.

Horizontal distribution of pressure has factors which are responsible for the variation of this

pressure. This factors are as follows

Air temperature is not heated uniformly because of unique distribution of insolation, difference

in heating and the cooling of land and water surfaces. There is an inverse relationship between

air temperature and air temperature. The higher the air temperature, the lower is the air

pressure, the higher the air temperature, the lower the pressure. This is because, when gases

are heated, they become less dense and expand in volume and rise, hence, air pressure is low

and higher in Polar Regions. Along the equator lies a belt of low pressure is known as the

equatorial low or doldrums. Low air pressure in equatorial regions is due to the fact that hot air
ascends there with gradual increase in temperature causing thinners of air on the surface. In

polar region, cold air is very dense hence pressure increases.

The earths rotation generates centrifugal force. This results in the in the deflection of air from

its original place, causing decrease of pressure belts of the sub-tropical region are created as of

the earths rotation. This also causes convergence and divergence of moving air. Areas of

convergence experience low pressure while those of divergence have high pressure.

Pressure of water vapor has lower pressure and that with lower quantity of water vapor had

higher pressure. In winter, the continents are very cool and tend to be dominated by low

pressure, conversely, the oceans are associated with low pressure in winter and high pressure

in summer.
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The circulation of wind is driven by the rotation of the earth and the incoming energy from the

sun. Wind circulates in each hemispheres in three distinct cells which help transport energy and

heat from the equator to the poles. The winds are driven by the energy from the sun at the

surfaces a warm air rises, and colder air sinks. As warmer air rises, it produces clouds and

causing instability in the atmosphere. This instability causes thunderstorms to develop and

release large amounts of latent heat. Latent heat just energy released by storms due to changes

in water vapor to liquid water droplets as water vapor condenses in the clouds, causing the

surrounding air to become more warmer and moist, which essentially provides the energy to

drive the Hadley cell. The Hadley cell encompasses latitudes from the equator to about 300

at this latitude, surface high pressure causes the air near the ground to diverge.

From latitude 300 and 600 latitudes, a new cell takes over know as a Ferrell cell. This cell

produces prevailing westerly winds at the surface within these latitudes. This is because some

of the air sinking at 300 latitudes continues travelling northwards towards the poles and the

Coriolis force bends it to the right. This is still warm and at roughly 600 latitude approaches cold

air moving down from the poles

Reference:

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