EGR511 NUMERICALMETHODS_______________________

LAST NAME, FIRST

Problem set #6

1. Considertwodimensional,steadystateconductioninasquarecross
sectionshown.Thetopsurfaceisat50 oC,therightsurfaceisat100oC,
thebottomsurfaceisat150oC,andtheleftsurfaceisat200oC.Assume
T1=75oC,T2=100oC,T3=125oC,andT4=150oCatlevelm.Determine
thenextvaluesofT'susingADImethod(iteratefromlevelmtom+1/2
andm+1).

Ans:

50 50 50 50
200 120.49 95.081 100
200 149.22 123.2 100
200 150 150 100

2.Solvethefollowingequation
2T 2T
+ =0
x 2 y 2
when the boundaries are held as shown

% Problem 2, set 6
T=zeros(5,6);
T(1,:)=[0 60 120 180 240 300];
T(:,6)=[300 225 150 75 0]';
for n=1:100
Tsave=T;
for i=2:4
for j=2:5
T(i,j)=.25*(T(i,j-1)+T(i,j+1)+T(i-1,j)+T(i+1,j));
end
end
if max(abs(T-Tsave))<.0001, break, end
end
fprintf('# of iterations = %g\n',n)
disp('T =');disp(T)

# of iterations = 26
T =
0 60.0000 120.0000 180.0000 240.0000 300.0000
0 44.9999 89.9999 134.9999 180.0000 225.0000
0 29.9999 59.9999 89.9999 120.0000 150.0000
0 15.0000 30.0000 45.0000 60.0000 75.0000
0 0 0 0 0 0
 3. Solve the following equation
2T 2T
+ =0 x = 0, T = 500 x = 1, T = 400
x 2 y 2
T
y = 0, y = 10(T - 300) y = 1, T = 500

by finite difference (x = y = 0.25), using Gauss-Seidel method. Error tolerance = 0.0001

% Problem 3 set 6
T=450*ones(5,5);
T(1,:)=400;T(5,:)=500;T(:,5)=500;
for n=1:100
Tsave=T;
for i=2:4
T(i,1)=(T(i-1,1)+T(i+1,1)+2*T(i,2)+1500)/9;
for j=2:4
T(i,j)=.25*(T(i,j-1)+T(i,j+1)+T(i-1,j)+T(i+1,j));
end
end
if max(abs(T-Tsave))<.0001, break, end
end
fprintf('# of iterations = %g\n',n)
disp('T =');disp(T)

# of iterations = 13
T =
400.0000 400.0000 400.0000 400.0000 500.0000
333.6889 386.2133 416.4985 445.4567 500.0000
330.7737 394.6658 434.3237 465.3283 500.0000
353.9421 427.3525 460.8022 481.5326 500.0000
500.0000 500.0000 500.0000 500.0000 500.0000
4. A long bar of rectangular cross section is 60 mm by 90 mm on a side
and have a thermal conductivity of 1 W/moK. The top surface is exposed
to a convection process with air at 100oC and a convection coefficient of
100 W/m2oK, while the remaining surfaces are maintained at 50oC. Using
a grid spacing of 30 mm and the Gauss-Seidel iteration method, determine
the nodal temperatures and the heat transfer rate per unit length normal to
the page into the bar from the air.
T 1

T 2

T 3

T1 = 81.69oC, T2 = 58.45oC, T3 = 52.11oC, q = 205 W/m

5. Determine the stiffness ratio for the following set of equations

u1 = 32u1 + 66u2 and u2 = - 66u1 - 133u2

Ans: SR = 100

6. (P. Chapra 17.13) Given the data

x 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
y 16 25 32 33 38 36 39 40 42 42

use least-squares regression to fit

(a) a straight line, y = a + bx,
(b) a power equation, y = axb,
x
(c) a saturation-growth-rate equation, y = a , and
b x
(d) a parabola, y = a + bx + cx2.
Plot the data along with all the curves in (a), (b), (c) and (d). Is any one of the curves superior? If
so, justify.

x
(e) Use nonlinear regression to fit a saturation-growth-rate equation, y = a , to the data.
b x

Solution

% Problem 6.6
x=[5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50];
y=[16 25 32 33 38 36 39 40 42 42];
n=length(x);
coef=polyfit(x,y,1);
ycal=polyval(coef,x);
S=sum((ycal-y).^2);
yave=mean(y);
Sdev=sum((y-yave).^2);
stde=sqrt(S/(n-2));
cor=sqrt(1-S/Sdev);
coef1=coef;
fprintf('y = a+bx, a = %8.5f, b = %8.5f\n',coef(2),coef(1))
fprintf('Standard error = %8.4f\n',stde)
fprintf('Correlation coefficient = %8.4f\n',cor)
disp(' ')
xlog=log(x);ylog=log(y);
coef=polyfit(xlog,ylog,1);
a=exp(coef(2));b=coef(1);
ycal=a*x.^b;
S=sum((ycal-y).^2);
stde=sqrt(S/(n-2));
cor=sqrt(1-S/Sdev);
a2=a;b2=b;
fprintf('y = ax^b, a = %8.5f, b = %8.5f\n',a,b)
fprintf('Standard error = %8.4f\n',stde)
fprintf('Correlation coefficient = %8.4f\n',cor)
disp(' ')
xi=1.0./x;yi=1.0./y;
coef=polyfit(xi,yi,1);
a=1/coef(2);b=a*coef(1);
ycal=a*x./(b+x);
S=sum((ycal-y).^2);
stde=sqrt(S/(n-2));
cor=sqrt(1-S/Sdev);
a3=a;b3=b;
fprintf('y = ax/(b+x), a = %8.5f, b = %8.5f\n',a,b)
fprintf('Standard error = %8.4f\n',stde)
fprintf('Correlation coefficient = %8.4f\n',cor)
disp(' ')
coef=polyfit(x,y,2);
ycal=polyval(coef,x);
S=sum((ycal-y).^2);
stde=sqrt(S/(n-2));
cor=sqrt(1-S/Sdev);
fprintf('y = a+bx+cx^2, a = %8.5f, b = %8.5f, c = %8.5f\n',coef(3),coef(2),coef(1))
fprintf('Standard error = %8.4f\n',stde)
fprintf('Correlation coefficient = %8.4f\n',cor)
xmax=max(x);xmin=min(x);
x1=[xmin xmax];
y1=polyval(coef1,x1);
dx=(xmax-xmin)/50;
x2=xmin:dx:xmax;
y2=a2*x2.^b2;
y3=a3*x2./(b3+x2);
y4=polyval(coef,x2);
plot(x,y,'o',x1,y1,'k',x2,y2,'r:',x2,y3,'g-.',x2,y4,'b--')
xlabel('x');ylabel('y')
legend('data','y=a+bx','y=ax^b','y=ax/(b+x)','y=a+bx+cx^2',4)

>> s5d10
y = a+bx, a = 20.66667, b = 0.49576
Standard error = 3.7281
Correlation coefficient = 0.9056

y = ax^b, a = 9.65828, b = 0.39503

Standard error = 2.5472
Correlation coefficient = 0.9571

y = ax/(b+x), a = 52.24201, b = 11.14680

Standard error = 1.3251
Correlation coefficient = 0.9886

y = a+bx+cx^2, a = 12.16667, b = 1.34576, c = -0.01545

Standard error = 2.0115
Correlation coefficient = 0.9735
>>
(c) is best because standard error is smallest.

50

45

40

35
y

30

25

data
y=a+bx
20
y=axb
y=ax/(b+x)
2
y=a+bx+cx
15
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
x
 x
(e) Use nonlinear regression to fit a saturation-growth-rate equation, y = a , to the data.
b x

% Gauss-Newton method
%
x=[5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50]';
y=[16 25 32 33 38 36 39 40 42 42]';
n=length(x);
a=50;b=10;
ymodel='a*x./(b+x)';
dyda='x./(b+x)';dydb='-a*x./(b+x).^2';
for i=1:2
Zj=[eval(dyda) eval(dydb)];
ZjTZj=Zj'*Zj
D=y-eval(ymodel)
ZjTD=Zj'*D
dA=ZjTZj\ZjTD
a=a+dA(1);
b=b+dA(2);
fprintf('Iteration #%g: a = %8.4f, b = %8.4f\n',i,a,b)
end

>> s5p10e
ZjTZj =
4.8471 -6.3875
-6.3875 9.8141
D=
-0.6667
0
2.0000
-0.3333
2.2857
-1.5000
0.1111
0
1.0909
0.3333
ZjTD =
2.5200
-3.3539
dA =
0.4887
-0.0237
Iteration #1: a = 50.4887, b = 9.9763
ZjTZj =
4.8531 -6.4641
-6.4641 10.0416
D=
-0.8562
-0.2743
 1.6781
-0.6857
1.9122
-1.8889
-0.2897
-0.4101
0.6733
-0.0905
ZjTD =
-0.0016
0.0034
dA =
1.0e-003 *
0.8300
0.8694
Iteration #2: a = 50.4895, b = 9.9772
>>