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RAINFALL DATA
ANALYSIS
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TACHYMETRY
INTRODUCTION SYSTEM FIELD WORK
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DEFINATION OF PRECIPITATION
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CATEGORY OF
PRECIPITATION
1 2
Liquid : Frozen
a) Rain a) Snow
b) Drizzle b) Glaze
c) Sleet
d) Hail
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PRECIPITATION - LIQUID CATEGORY
Rain
Rain is the major form of precipitation in the form of water
drops of sizes greater than 0.5 mm.
The maximum sizes of rain drop is about 6 mm.
Based on its intensity,
i. light rain (>2.5mm/hr),
ii. moderate rain (2.5 7.5 mm/hr) and
iii. heavy rain (< 7.5mm/hr).
Drizzle
A fine sprinkle of water droplet of size less than 0.5 mm and
intensity less than 1mm/hr. because the drop are so small,
they normally float in the air
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PRECIPITATION - FROZEN CATEGORY
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL
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TYPE OF PRECIPITATION
Orographic Frontal
TYPE
Convective Cyclonic
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1) OROGRAHIC PRECIPITATION
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2) CONVECTIVE PRECIPITATION
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3) FRONTAL PRECIPITATION
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4) CYCLONIC PRECIPITATION
This precipitation is resulted by
mechanical lifting of warm air mass due
to pressure difference caused by
unequal heating of earth surface.
Movement of warm air takes place from the
high pressure region to low pressure region.
Basically there are two types of cyclones,
i.e.
a) Tropical cyclone known by the name
of hurricane or sometimes typhone. Its
diameter is comparatively small, ranging
from 300 to 1500 km. It is accompanied
with high wind velocity and intense storm.
b) Extra tropical cyclone cover large
diameter, which is up to 3000 km. It causes
frontal precipitation
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CALCULATION
DETERMINATION OF DETERMINATION OF
MISSING DATA MEAN AREAL
PREPICIPATION
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1) Arithmentic Mean Method
This method is used if the annual rainfall at each of the index station
within 10% of that or station X
Px = precipitation station x (missing data)
Px = P1 + P2 + + Pm P1, P2, Pm = precipitation at surrounding x
M station.
3) Quadrant Method
This method is used by U.S National weather service in the studies of river
forecasting.
In this method four quadrant are delineated by north-south and east-west line
passing through the rain gauge station where the missing rainfall is to be estimated.
PROCEDURE
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PRACTICE 1
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THANK YOU
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CALCULATION
DETERMINATION OF DETERMINATION OF
MISSING DATA MEAN AREAL
PREPICIPATION
P = P1 + P2 + P3 + + Pm
M
P = P1 + P2 + P3 + + Pm
M
Answer
P = 6.74 + 6.01
= 6.38 in
2
THIESSEN POLYGON METHOD
THIESSEN POLYGON METHOD
THIESSEN POLYGON METHOD
THIESSEN POLYGON METHOD
THIESSEN POLYGON METHOD
Isohyetal method
5mm
6 mm
8 mm
7mm
Double mass curve method
Table below shows the data of precipitation at 4 stations from the year
2001 to 2005. Based on the data below, data for station S are not
accurate. Do the correction by using Double Mass Curve Method and
estimate the new data for the station S.
Years / precipitations (mm)
Stations
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
P 260 285 300 323 361
Q 250 273 296 311 335
R 286 301 337 359 386
S 291 321 356 157 172
M1
Changes after
2003
Mo
Cumulative
Mean Mean
Year Station x (cm) precipitation for Station x precipitation
8 station (cm) (cm) for 8 station
(cm)
1987 70 55 70 55
1988 60 57 130 112
1989 50 37 180 149
1990 20 19 200 168
1991 26 28 226 196
1992 34 61 260 257
1993 30 55 290 312
1994 26 39 316 351
Cumulative
Station X
Changes
(cm)
after 1990
Cumulative
8 Station (cm)
Cumulative New data
Mean Mean
Year Station x (cm) precipitation for Station x precipitation Station x Cumulative
8 station (cm) (cm) for 8 station (cm) station x (cm)
(cm)
1987 70 55 70 55 70 70
1988 60 57 130 112 60 130
1989 50 37 180 149 50 180
1990 20 19 200 168 12.1 192.1
1991 26 28 226 196 15.7 207.8
1992 34 61 260 257 20.5 228.3
1993 30 55 290 312 18.1 246.4
1994 26 39 316 351 15.7 262.1
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