Coordinates: 16h 00m 00s, +30 00 00

Corona Borealis
Corona Borealis is a small constellation in the Northern
Corona Borealis
Celestial Hemisphere. It is one of the 48 constellations listed
by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of Constellation
the 88 modern constellations. Its brightest stars form a
semicircular arc. Its Latin name, inspired by its shape, means
"northern crown". In classical mythology Corona Borealis
generally represented the crown given by the god Dionysus
to the Cretan princess Ariadne and set by him in the heavens.
Other cultures likened the pattern to a circle of elders, an
eagle's nest, a bear's den, or even a smokehole. Ptolemy also
listed a southern counterpart,Corona Australis, with a similar
pattern.

The brightest star is the magnitude 2.2 Alpha Coronae

Borealis. The yellow supergiant R Coronae Borealis is the
List of stars in Corona Borealis
prototype of a rare class of giant starsthe R Coronae
Abbreviation CrB
Borealis variablesthat are extremely hydrogen deficient,
and thought to result from the merger of two white dwarfs. T Genitive Coronae Borealis
Coronae Borealis, also known as the Blaze Star, is another Pronunciation /kron brils, -bo-, -els/,
unusual type of variable star known as a recurrent nova. genitive /kroni/[1][2]
Normally of magnitude 10, it last flared up to magnitude 2 in
Symbolism The Northern Crown
1946. ADS 9731 and Sigma Coronae Borealis are multiple
Right ascension 15h 16m 03.8205s
star systems with six and five components respectively. Five
16h 25m 07.1526s[3]
star systems have been found to have Jupiter-sized
exoplanets. Abell 2065 is a highly concentrated galaxy Declination 39.711719525.5380573[3]
cluster one billion light-years from the Solar System Area 179 sq. deg. (73rd)
containing more than 400 members, and is itself part of the Main stars 8
larger Corona Borealis Supercluster.
Bayer/Flamsteed 24
stars
Stars with 5

Contents planets
Stars brighter 1
1 Characteristics
than 3.00m
2 Features
2.1 Stars Stars within 0
2.2 Extrasolar planetary systems 10.00 pc (32.62
2.3 Deep-sky objects ly)
3 Mythology Brightest star CrB (Alphecca or
3.1 Later references Gemma) (2.21m)
4 Notes Messier objects 0
5 References
Meteor showers None
5.1 Cited texts
Bordering Hercules
6 External links
constellations Botes
Characteristics Serpens Caput

Visible at latitudes between + 90 and 50.

Covering 179 square degrees and hence 0.433% of the sky,
Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the month of July.
Corona Borealis ranks 73rd of the 88 modern constellations
by area.[4] Its position in the Northern Celestial Hemisphere
means that the whole constellation is visible to observers north of 50S.[4][a] It is bordered by Botes to the north and west, Serpens
Caput to the south, and Hercules to the east. The three-letter abbreviation for the constellation, as adopted by the International
Astronomical Union in 1922, is 'CrB'.[5] The official constellation boundaries, as set by Eugne Delporte in 1930, are defined by a
polygon of eight segments (illustrated in infobox). In the equatorial coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these
borders lie between 15h 16.0m and 16h 25.1m, while the declination coordinates are between 39.71 and 25.54.[6] It has a counterpart
Corona Australisin the Southern Celestial Hemisphere.[7]

Features

Stars
The seven stars that make up the constellation's distinctive crown-shaped pattern are all 4th-magnitude stars except for the brightest
of them, Alpha Coronae Borealis. The other six stars areTheta, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon and Iota Coronae Borealis. The German
cartographer Johann Bayer gave twenty stars in Corona Borealis Bayer designations from Alpha to Upsilon in his 1603 star atlas
Uranometria. Zeta Coronae Borealis was noted to be a double star by later astronomers and its components designated Zeta1 and
Zeta2. John Flamsteed did likewise with Nu Coronae Borealis; classed by Bayer as a single star, it was noted to be two close stars by
Flamsteed. He named them 20 and 21 Coronae Borealis in his catalogue, alongside the designations Nu1 and Nu2 respectively.[8]
Chinese astronomers deemed nine stars to make up the asterism, adding Pi and Rho Coronae Borealis.[9] Within the constellation's
borders, there are 37 stars brighter than or equal toapparent magnitude 6.5.[b][4]

Alpha Coronae Borealis (officially named Alphecca by the IAU, but sometimes also
known as Gemma) appears as a blue-white star of magnitude 2.2. In fact, it is an
Algol-type eclipsing binary that varies by 0.1 magnitude with a period of
17.4 days.[11] The primary is a white main-sequence starof spectral type A0V that is
2.91 times the mass of the Sun (M) and 57 times as luminous (L), and is
surrounded by a debris disk out to a radius of around 60astronomical units (AU).[12]
The secondary companion is a yellow main-sequence star of spectral type G5V that
is a little smaller (0.9 times) the diameter of the Sun.[13] Lying 750.5 light-years
from Earth,[14] Alphecca is believed to be a member of the Ursa Major Moving
[15]
Group of stars that have a common motion through space.

Located 1123 light-years away,[14] Beta Coronae Borealis or Nusakan is a

The constellation Corona Borealis as
it can be seen by the naked eye
rapidlyat a rate of around 393 km per second. ABe star, it is surrounded by a debris disk.[18]
spectroscopic binary system whose two components are separated by 10 AU and
orbit each other every 10.5 years.[16] The brighter component is a rapidly oscillating
Ap star, pulsating with a period of 16.2 minutes. Of spectral type A5V with surface
a
temperature of around 7980 K, it has around 2.1 M, 2.6 solar radii (R), and
25.3 L. The smaller star is of spectral type F2V with a surface temperature of
around 6750 K, and has around 1.4 M, 1.56 R, and between 4 and 5 L.[17]
Near Nusakan is Theta Coronae Borealis, a binary system that shines with a
combined magnitude of 4.13 located 38020 light-years distant.[14] The brighter
component, Theta Coronae Borealis A, is a blue-white star that spins extremely
Flanking Alpha to the east is Gamma Coronae Borealis, yet another binary star system, whose components orbit each other every
92.94 years and are roughly as far apart from each other as the Sun and Neptune.[19] The brighter component has been classed as a
Delta Scuti variable star,[20] though this view is not universal.[19] The components are main sequence stars of spectral types B9V and
A3V.[21] Located 1702 light-years away,[14] 4.06-magnitude Delta Coronae Borealis is a yellow giant star of spectral type G3.5III
that is around 2.4 M and has swollen to 7.4 R. It has a surface temperature of 5180 K.[22] For most of its existence, Delta Coronae
Borealis was a blue-white main-sequence star of spectral type B before it ran out of hydrogen fuel in its core. Its luminosity and
spectrum suggest it has just crossed the Hertzsprung gap, having finished burning core hydrogen and just begun burning hydrogen in
a shell that surrounds the core.[23]

Zeta Coronae Borealis is a double star with two blue-white components 6.3 arcseconds apart that can be readily separated at
100x magnification. The primary is of magnitude 5.1 and the secondary is of magnitude 6.0.[24] Nu Coronae Borealis is an optical
double, whose components are a similar distance from Earth but have different radial velocities, hence are assumed to be
unrelated.[25] The primary, Nu1 Coronae Borealis, is a red giant of spectral type M2III and magnitude 5.2, lying 64030 light-years
distant,[14][26] and the secondary, Nu2 Coronae Borealis, is an orange-hued giant star of spectral type K5III and magnitude 5.4,
estimated to be 59030 light-years away.[14][27] Sigma Coronae Borealis, on the other hand, is a true multiple star system divisible
by small amateur telescopes.[11] It is actually a complex system composed of two stars around as massive as the Sun that orbit each
other every 1.14 days, orbited by a third Sun-like star every 726 years. The fourth and fifth components are a binary
red dwarf system
that is 14,000 AU distant from the other three stars.[28] ADS 9731 is an even rarer multiple system in the constellation, composed of
six stars, two of which are spectroscopic binaries.[29][c]

Corona Borealis is home to two remarkable variable stars.[30] T Coronae Borealis is a cataclysmic variable star also known as the
Blaze Star.[31] Normally placid around magnitude 10it has a minimum of 10.2 and maximum of 9.9it brightens to magnitude 2
in a period of hours, caused by a nuclear chain reaction and the subsequent explosion. T Coronae Borealis is one of a handful of stars
called recurrent novae, which include T Pyxidis and U Scorpii. An outburst of T Coronae Borealis was first recorded in 1866; its
second recorded outburst was in February 1946. T Coronae Borealis is a binary star with a red-hued giant primary and a white dwarf
secondary, the two stars orbiting each other over a period of approximately 8 months.[32] R Coronae Borealis is a yellow-hued
variable supergiant star, over 7000 light-years from Earth, and prototype of a class of stars known as R Coronae Borealis variables.
Normally of magnitude 6, its brightness periodically drops as low as magnitude 15 and then slowly increases over the next several
months.[33] These declines in magnitude come about as dust that has been ejected from the star obscures it. Direct imaging with the
Hubble Space Telescope shows extensive dust clouds out to a radius of around 2000AU from the star, corresponding with astream of
fine dust (composed of grains 5 nm in diameter) associated with the star's stellar wind and coarser dust (composed of grains with a
diameter of around 0.14m) ejected periodically.[34]

There are several other variables of reasonable brightness for amateur astronomer to observe, including three Mira-type long period
variables:[30] S Coronae Borealis ranges between magnitudes 5.8 and 14.1 over a period of 360 days.[35] Located around 1946 light-
years distant, it shines with a luminosity 16,643 times that of the Sun and has a surface temperature of 3033 K.[36] One of the reddest
stars in the sky,[30] V Coronae Borealis is a cool star with a surface temperature of 2877 K that shines with a luminosity 102,831
times that of the Sun and is a remote 8810 light-years distant from Earth.[36] Varying between magnitudes 6.9 and 12.6 over a period
of 357 days,[37] it is located near the junction of the border of Corona Borealis with Hercules and Bootes.[30] Located 1.5 northeast
of Tau Coronae Borealis, W Coronae Borealis ranges between magnitudes 7.8 and 14.3 over a period of 238 days.[38] Another red
giant, RR Coronae Borealis is a M3-type semiregular variable starthat varies between magnitudes 7.3 and 8.2 over 60.8 days.[39] RS
Coronae Borealis is yet another semiregular variable red giant, which ranges between magnitudes 8.7 to 11.6 over 332 days.[40] It is
unusual in that it is a red star with a high proper motion (greater than 50 milliarcseconds a year).[41] Meanwhile, U Coronae Borealis
[42]
is an Algol-type eclipsing binary star system whose magnitude varies between 7.66 and 8.79 over a period of 3.45 days

TY Coronae Borealis is a pulsating white dwarf (of ZZ Ceti) type, which is around 70% as massive as the Sun, yet has only 1.1% of
its diameter.[43] Discovered in 1990, UW Coronae Borealis is a low-mass X-ray binary system composed of a star less massive than
the Sun and a neutron star surrounded by an accretion disk that draws material from the companion star. It varies in brightness in an
unusually complex manner: the two stars orbit each other every 111 minutes, yet there is another cycle of 112.6 minutes, which
corresponds to the orbit of the disk around the degenerate star. The beat period of 5.5 days indicates the time the accretion disk
which is asymmetricaltakes toprecess around the star.[44]
Extrasolar planetary systems
Extrasolar planets have been confirmed in five star systems, four of which were found by the radial velocity method. The spectrum of
Epsilon Coronae Borealiswas analysed for seven years from 2005 to 2012, revealing a planet around 6.7 times as massive as Jupiter
(MJ) orbiting every 418 days at an average distance of around 1.3 AU.[45] Epsilon itself is a 1.7 M orange giant of spectral type
K2III that has swollen to 21 R and 151 L.[46] Kappa Coronae Borealis is a spectral type K1IV orange subgiant nearly twice as
[12] and one planet with a period of 3.4 years.
massive as the Sun; around it lie a dust debris disk, [47] This planet's mass is estimated at

2.5 MJ. The dimensions of the debris disk indicate it is likely there is a second substellar companion.[48] Omicron Coronae Borealis
is a K-type clump giant with one confirmed planet with a mass of 0.83 MJ that orbits every 187 daysone of the two least massive
planets known around clump giants.[47] HD 145457 is an orange giant of spectral type K0III found to have one planet of 2.9 MJ.
Discovered by the Doppler method in 2010, it takes 176 days to complete an orbit.[49] XO-1 is a magnitude 11 yellow main-sequence
star located approximately 560 light-years away,[50] of spectral type G1V with a mass and radius similar to the Sun. In 2006 the hot
Jupiter exoplanet XO-1b was discovered orbiting XO-1 by the transit method using the XO Telescope. Roughly the size of Jupiter, it
[51]
completes an orbit around its star every three days.

The discovery of a Jupiter-sized planetary companion was announced in 1997 via analysis of the radial velocity of Rho Coronae
Borealis, a yellow main sequence star and Solar analog of spectral type G0V,[52] around 57 light-years distant from Earth.[53] More
accurate measurement of data from the Hipparcos satellite subsequently showed it instead to be a low-mass star somewhere between
100 and 200 times the mass of Jupiter.[54] Possible stable planetary orbits in the habitable zone were calculated for the binary star Eta
Coronae Borealis,[55] which is composed of two starsyellow main sequence stars of spectral type G1V and G3V respectively
similar in mass and spectrum to the Sun.[56] No planet has been found, but a brown dwarf companion about 63 times as massive as
AU from the pair in 2001.[57]
Jupiter with a spectral type of L8 was discovered at a distance of 3640

Deep-sky objects
Corona Borealis contains few galaxies observable with amateur telescopes.[58] NGC 6085 and
6086 are a faint spiral and elliptical galaxy respectively close enough to each other to be seen
in the same visual field through a telescope.[59] Abell 2142 is a huge (six million light-year
diameter), X-ray luminous galaxy cluster that is the result of an ongoing merger between two
galaxy clusters. It has a redshift of 0.0909 (meaning it is moving away from us at
27,250 km/s) and a visual magnitude of 16.0. It is about 1.2 billion light-years away.[d][60]
Another galaxy cluster in the constellation, RX J1532.9+3021, is approximately 3.9 billion
light-years from Earth.[61] At the cluster's center is a large elliptical galaxy containing one of
the most massive and most powerful supermassive black holes yet discovered.[61] Abell 2065
X-ray image of galaxy
is a highly concentrated galaxy cluster containing more than 400 members, the brightest of
cluster Abell 2142
which are 16th magnitude; the cluster is more than one billion light-years from Earth.[31] On a
larger scale still, Abell 2065, along with Abell 2061, Abell 2067, Abell 2079, Abell 2089, and
Abell 2092, make up the Corona Borealis Supercluster.[62] Another galaxy cluster, Abell 2162, is a member of the Hercules
Superclusters.[63]

Mythology
In Greek mythology, Corona Borealis was linked to the legend of Theseus and the minotaur. It was generally considered to represent
a crown given by Dionysus to Ariadne, the daughter of Minos of Crete, after she had been abandoned by the Athenian prince
Theseus. When she wore the crown at her marriage to Dionysus, he placed it in the heavens to commemorate their wedding.[31] An
alternate version has the besotted Dionysus give the crown to Ariadne, who in turn gives it to Theseus after he arrives in Crete to kill
the minotaur that the Cretans have demanded tribute from Athens to feed. The hero uses the crown's light to escape the labyrinth after
disposing of the creature, and Dionysus later sets it in the heavens. The Latin author Hyginus linked it to a crown or wreath worn by
Bacchus (Dionysus) to disguise his appearance when first approaching Mount Olympus and revealing himself to the gods, having
been previously hidden as yet another child of Jupiter's trysts with a mortal, in this case Semele. Corona Borealis was one of the 48

[8]
constellations mentioned in theAlmagest of classical astronomerPtolemy.[8]

In Welsh mythology, it was called Caer Arianrhod, "the Castle of the Silver Circle",
and was the heavenly abode of the Lady Arianrhod.[64] To the ancient Balts, Corona
Borealis was known asDarelis, the "flower garden.[65]

The Arabs called the constellation Alphecca (a name later given to Alpha Coronae
Borealis), which means "separated" or "broken up" ( al-Fakkah), a reference to
the resemblance of the stars of Corona Borealis to a loose string of jewels.[66] This
was also interpreted as a broken dish.[67] Among the Bedouins, the constellation was Hercules and Corona Borealis, as
depicted in Urania's Mirror (c. 1825)
known as qaat al-maskn () , or "the dish/bowl of the poor
people".[68]

The Skidi people of Native Americans saw the stars of Corona Borealis representing a council of stars whose chief was Polaris.[69]
The constellation also symbolised the smokehole over a fireplace, which conveyed their messages to the gods, as well as how chiefs
should come together to consider matters of importance.[70] The Shawnee people saw the stars as the Heavenly Sisters, who
descended from the sky every night to dance on earth. Alphecca signifies the youngest and most comely sister, who was seized by a
hunter who transformed into a field mouse to get close to her. They married though she later returned to the sky, with her heartbroken
husband and son following later.[67] The Mi'kmaq of eastern Canada saw Corona Borealis as Mskegwm, the den of the celestial bear
(Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta Ursae Majoris).[71]

Polynesian peoples often recognized Corona Borealis; the people of the Tuamotus named it Na Kaua-ki-tokerau and probably Te
Hetu. The constellation was likely called Kaua-mea in Hawaii, Rangawhenua in New Zealand, and Te Wale-o-Awitu in the Cook
Islands atoll of Pukapuka. Its name in Tonga was uncertain; it was either calledAo-o-Uvea or Kau-kupenga.[72]

In Australian Aboriginal astronomy, the constellation is called womera ("the boomerang") due to the shape of the stars.[73] The
Wailwun people of northwestern New South Wales saw Corona Borealis as mullion wollai "eagle's nest", with Altair and Vegaeach
called mullionthe pair of eagles accompanying it.[74] The Wardaman people of northern Australia held the constellation to be a
[75]
gathering point for Men's Law, Women's Law and Law of both sexes come together and consider matters of existence.

Later references
Corona Borealis was renamed Corona Firmiana in honour of the Archbishop of Salzburg in the 1730 Atlas Mercurii Philosophicii
Firmamentum Firminianum Descriptionem by Corbinianus Thomas, but this was not taken up by subsequent cartographers.[76] The
constellation was featured as a main plot ingredient in the short story "Hypnos" by H. P. Lovecraft, published in 1923; it is the object
of fear of one of the protagonists in the novella.[77] Finnish band Cadacross released an album titledCorona Borealis in 2002.[78]

Notes
a. While parts of the constellation technically rise above the horizon to observers between the 50S and
64S, stars
within a few degrees of the horizon are to all intents and purposes unobservable.[4]

b. Objects of magnitude 6.5 are among the faintest visible to the unaided eye in suburban-rural transition night
skies.[10]
c. The components are organised thus: Aa and Ab are yellow-white main sequence stars of spectral types F4V and
F5V and 1.35 and 1.32 solar masses respectively , which orbit each other every 3.27 days. This pair is in a 450-year
orbit with star B, a star of spectral type G4V that has around the same mass as the Sun. Star C is a yellow white star
of spectral type F3V around 1.41 times as massive as the Sun, which has just started brightening and movingf of the
main sequence. It is in a 1000-year orbit with a pair of stars, Da and Db, a yellow-white main sequence star of
spectral type F7V and a red dwarf of spectral type M3V . Da and Db take 14.28 days to orbit each other . Finally the
system of stars C and Dab, and the system of stars Aab and B, take more than 20,000 years to orbit each other .[29]
d. Distance calculated from redshift.
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Cited texts
Ridpath, Ian; Tirion, Wil (2001). Stars and Planets Guide. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
ISBN 978-0-691-08913-3.

External links
Media related to Corona Borealis at Wikimedia Commons
Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (over 140 medieval and early modern images of Corona Borealis)

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