Review Paper on Analysis of Multistoried

Building with Infill Wall

Tushar R. Agrawal * Prof. P .B Kulkarni Nikhil S. Agrawal
P.G. Student, Associate Professor, Assistant Professor,
Civil Engineering Department Civil Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Department,
SRCOEM, Nagpur-440012, SRCOEM, Nagpur-440012, SRCOEM, Nagpur-440012,
Maharashtra, India Maharashtra, India Maharashtra, India
Abstract: From the past earthquake data it is observed that if the structure is not properly
analyzed and constructed with required quality, then it may lead to great destruction and loss of
human lives. Buildings are designed primarily to serve the need of an intended occupancy. In the
Analysis and Design of building frames it is commonly assumed that the masonary infill which act
as a non structural element do not contribute to their strength and stiffness, but behavior of
structure may affect due to earthquake load. In the present paper, various methods of analyzing
the building is studied such as static and Dynamic Analysis like Codal Method, Elastic Method
and Time Historymethod,Response Spectrum method etc. from which various conclusions are
drawn.
KEYWORDS: Equivalent Diagonal Strut, Time History Analysis, Response Spectrum, Multistoried
Buildings, Infill wall, Stiffness

1.0 INTRODUCTION due to the masonry infills even if in presence of an

I n this present paper, various methodologies are
given for analyzing the multistoried building.
Static procedures are appropriate when higher
mode effects are not significant. This is generally
true for short, regular building. Therefore, for tall
Buildings, building with torsional irregularities, or
non-orthogonal systems, a dynamic procedure is
required. Many urban multistorey buildings in India
today have open first story as an unavoidable
feature. This leave the openfirst storey of masonry
infilled reinforced concrete frame building primarily
to generate parking or reception lobbiesin the first
storeys. It has been known for long time that
masonry infill walls affect the strength & stiffness
of infilled frame structures. There are plenty of
researches done so far for infilled frames ,however
partially infill frames arestill the topic of interest
.Though it has been understood that the infills
play significant role in enhancing the lateral
stiffness of complete structures. Infills have been
generally considered as non-structural elements &
their influencewas neglected during the modeling
phase of the structure leading to substantial
inaccuracy in predicting the actualseismic
response of framed structures. The performance
of the structure can be significantly improved by
theincrease of strength and dissipation capacity
* Corresponding Author
increasing inearthquake inertia forces. Time
History analysis provides for linear and non linear
evaluation of dynamic structural response under
loading which may vary according to the specified
time function. It is an analysis of the dynamic
response of the structure at each increment of
time, when its base is subjected to a specific
ground motion time history. Recorded ground
motions are randomly selected from analogous
magnitude, distance and soil condition category.
2.0 METHODS OF ANALYSIS
2.1 Equivalent Static Analysis
Equivalent static analysis is the indirect
method of considering the effect of ground motion
and there is incorporation of dynamic properties of
the structure in terms of fundamental period,
response reduction factor, soil type, seismic zone
and importance factor. Equivalent static analysis
were carried out for all the models under the
action of Dead load (DL), Live load (LL) and
earthquake load (EQ) for different load
combination as per IS 1893-2002. This method is
limited to regular type of structure whose response
is governed by first mode of vibration.
2.2 Response Spectrum Method
The objective of response spectrum analysis
is to obtain the likely maximum response of the
systems. The response spectrum is a plot of the
maximum response (maximum displacement,
velocity, acceleration or any other quantity of
interest) to a specified load function for all possible
single degree-of-freedom systems. The abscissa
of the spectrum is the natural period (or frequency)
of the system and the ordinate is the maximum
response. It is also a function of damping. The
design response a spectrum given in IS
1893:2002 for a 5% damped system.
2.3 Time History Analysis
In order to examine the exact non-linear
behaviour of building structures, nonlinear time
history analysis has to be carried out. In this
method, the structure is subjected to real ground
motion records. This makes thisAnalysis of
Masonry Infill In A Multi-Storied Buildinganalysis
method quite different from all of the other
approximate analysis methods as the inertial
forces are directly determined from these ground
motions and the responses of the building either in
deformations or in forces are calculated as a
function of time, considering the dynamic
properties of the building structure.
2.4 Pushover Analysis
Pushover analysis is a static, nonlinear
procedure in which the magnitude of the lateral
forces is incrementally increased, maintaining the
predefined distribution pattern along the height of
the building. With the increase in magnitude of the
loads, weak links and failure modes are found.
Pushover analysis can determine the behaviour of
a building, including the ultimate load and
maximum inelastic deflection. Local nonlinear
effects are modeled and the structure is pushed
until a collapsed mechanism is developed. At each
step, the base shear and roof displacement can be
plotted to generate the pushover curve.
2.5 Linear Time History Analysis (LIN.THA).
(IS:1893, CL.7.8.3)
In Time History Analysis, the support points
of the model is oscillated back and forth in
accordance to a recoded ground motion of an
actually occurred earthquake (as recorded by a
seismograph, and available in tabular form of time
vs. acceleration). The results (BM, SF, etc.) are
usually taken as the maximum enveloped over
time (ie., the max. BM on the mid span of a
particular beam in the maximum among all the
BMs, each corresponding to each time point over
the duration of earthquake).
2.6 Non-Linear Time History Analysis (NL-
THA). (FEMA356, SEC.3.3.4.2.3)
This is same as the Linear Time History
Analysis, but here since the structure has non-
linear hinges inserted, the members can undergo
and stiffness degradation, strength deterioration in
general, damage, as a real building would, during
the progress of an earthquake.

Analysis
Procedure

Linear Non linear

Analysis Analysis

Elastic DCR Simplified Non Secant Non Linear

Codal Method
Method linear Method Time History

Equivalent Linear
Static Load Dynamic

Linear Time
Response
History
Spectrum
Analysis

Fig.1: Linear and nonlinear analysis methods

 3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
3.1 Linear Static Analysis of Masonry Infilled
R.C.Frame With & Without Opening Including
Open Ground Storey
Prof. Nikhil Agrawal and Prof. PoojaRaut
Masonry infill walls are mainly used to
increase initial stiffness and strength of reinforced
concrete (RC) frame buildings .It is mainly
considered as a non-structural element. In many
cities of India, it is very common to leave the first
storey of masonry infilled reinforcement concrete
frame building open preliminary to generate
parking space or any other purposes (Ex-
Reception lobbies) in the first storey. The upper
storeys have brick infilled wall panels with various
opening percentage in it. This type of buildings are
highly undesirable in seismically active areas
because various vertical irregularities are created
in such buildings which have consistently
performed very poor behavior during past
earthquake. it is attempt to access the
performance of masonry infilled reinforced
concrete (RC) frames with open first storey of with
and without opening. In this research work,
symmetrical frame of college building (G+5)
located in seismic zone-III is considered by
modeling of initial frame. With reference to FEMA-
273, &ATC-40 which contain the provisions of
calculation of stiffness of infilled frames by
modeling infill as a Equivalent diagonal strut
method. Therefore, the infill panels are modeled
as a equivalent diagonal strut method. This linear
static analysis is to be carried out on the models
such as bare frame, strut frame, strut frame with
centre &corner opening, which is performed by
using computer software STAAD-PRO from which
different parameters are computed. In which it
shows that infill panels increase the stiffness of the
structure. While the increase in the opening
percentage leads to a decrease on the lateral
stiffness of infilled frame.
3.2 Seismic Analysis and Design of Vertically
Irregular RC Building Frames
Prof. R.S. Rajguru, Mr.Ravindra N. Shelke
This paper is concerned with the effects of
various vertical irregularities on the seismic
response of a structure. The objective of the
project is to carry out Time history Analysis (THA)
of vertically irregular RC building frames and to
carry out the ductility based design using IS 13920
corresponding to Equivalent static analysis and
Time history analysis.Comparison of the results of
analysis anddesign of irregular structures with
regular structure was done.Three types of
irregularities namely mass irregularity, stiffness
irregularity and vertical geometry irregularity were
considered. The absolute displacements obtained
from time history analysis of geometry irregular
structure at respectivenodes were found to be
greater than that in case of regularstructure for
upper stories but gradually as we moved to
lowerstories displacements in both structures
tended to converge.
3.3 Time History Analysis of Multistoried RCC
Buildings for Different Seismic Intensities
A. S. Patiland P. D.Kumbhar
In the present paper study of nonlinear
dynamic analysis of Ten storied RCC building
considering different seismic intensities is carried
out and seismic responses of such building are
studied. The building under consideration is
modeled with the help of SAP2000-15 software.
Five different time histories have been used
considering seismic intensities V, VI, VII, VIII, IX
and X on Modified Mercalli's Intensity scale (MMI)
for establishment of relationship between seismic
intensities and seismic responses. The results of
the study shows similar variations pattern in
Seismic responses such as base shear and storey
displacements with intensities V to X. From the
study it is recommended that analysis of
multistoried RCC building using Time History
method becomes necessary to ensure safety
against earthquake force.
3.4 Seismic Analysis of RC Regular and
Irregular Frame Structures
Arvindreddy, R,J.Fernandes
In this paper an analytical study is made to
find response of different regular and irregular
structures located in severe zone V. Analysis has
been made by taking 15 storey building by static
and dynamic methods using ETABS 2013 and IS
code 1893-2002 (part1). Dynamic Analysis can
take the form of a dynamic Time History Analysis
or a linear Response Spectrum Analysis. Behavior
of structures is found by comparing responses in
the form of storey displacement for regular and
irregular structures. Time history analysis is
carried out taking BHUJ earthquake. In this
present work two types of structures considered
are reinforced concrete regular and irregular 15
storey buildings and are analyzed by static and
dynamic methods. For time history analysis past
earthquake ground motion record is taken to study
response of all the structures. Presently there are
six models. One is of regular structure and
remaining are irregular structural models. This
paper shows that behavior irregular structures as
compared to regular structure
3.5 Earthquake Analysis of High Rise Building
With and Without in Filled Walls
Wakchaure M.R, Ped S. P
The effect of masonry infill panel on the
response of RC frames subjected to seismic
action is widely recognized and has been subject
of numerous experimental investigations, while
several attempts to model it analytically have been
reported. In analysis of buildings, infill walls are
modeled as equivalent strut approach there are
various formulae derived by research scholars and
scientist for width of strut and modelling. Infill
behaves like compression strut between column
and beam and compression forces are transferred
from one node to another. In this study the effect
of masonry walls on high rise building is studied.
Linear dynamic analysis on high rise building with
different arrangement is carried out. For the
analysis G+9 R.C.C. framed building is modelled.
Earthquake time history is applied to the models.
The width of strut is calculated by using equivalent
strut method. Various cases of analysis are taken.
All analysis is carried out by software ETABS.
Base shear, storey displacement, story drift is
calculated and compared for all models. The
results show that infill walls reduce displacements,
time period and increases base shear. So it is
essential to consider the effect of masonry infill for
the seismic evaluation of moment resisting
reinforced concrete frame.
3.6 Seismic Analysis of Multistoried RCC
Buildings Due to Mass Irregularity by Time
History Analysis
Mr.Gururaj B. Kattiand Dr.Basavraj S. Balapgol
Seismic analysis of thestructure is carried out
for determination of seismic responsesby time
history analysis which is one of the
importanttechniques for structural seismic analysis
especially when theevaluated structural response
is non- linear in nature. Toperform such an
analysis, a representative earthquake timehistory
is required for the structure being evaluated.In this
present work non-linear dynamic analysis of
G+10storied RCC building having mass irregularity
consideringdifferent time histories is carried out.
Here a G+10 storiesbuilding with mass irregularity
has been modeled for seismic analysis and Bhuj
earthquake time history and Koyna earthquake
time history have been used. This paper highlights
the effects on floor which has different loads
(mass irregularity)in multistoried building with time
history analysis by ETABSsoftware
3.7 Analysis of RC Frame with and Without
Masonry Infill Wall with Different Stiffness with
Outer Central Opening
Mohammad H. Jinya, V. R. Patel
In reinforced concrete frame building,
masonry wall are generally used in as infills and
specified by architects as partitions in such a way
that they do not contribute to the vertical gravity
load-bearing capacity of the structure. Infill walls
protect the inside of the buildings from the
environment hazards and create separation
insides. In addition to this infills have a
considerable strength and stiffness and they have
significant effect on the seismic response of the
structural systems. Mostly two common structural
damages observed caused by masonry infill walls
in earthquakes i.e soft stories and short columns.
In office or residential building outer side central
opening are used. In this case central opening are
provided in periphery wall with different
percentage i.e. 15% and 25% and brick
compressive strength are used as per IS : 1905-
1987 i.e. 5.0 and 12.5 N/mm2 and Brick Masonry
strength is 0.50 and 1.06N/mm2. In ETABS
software G+9 R.C.C framed building models has
been prepared, Seismic coefficient method(SCM)
and time-history(TH) has been performed for
analysis as per IS 1893:2002. Story displacement,
base shear, story drift, axial force with and without
soft story considering effect of infill walls with
different percentage of opening are the
parameters considered in this study. For Macro
model, Equivalent diagonal strut (EDS) method is
used to find out width of strut using FEMA
approach method. The results of bare frame, soft
story and infill wall panel are discussed and
conclusions are made in this studies.
4.0 CONCLUSION
From the above literature following
conclusion are made:
1. Infill panels increase stiffness of the structure.
2. The increase in the opening percentage
leads to a decrease on the lateral stiffness of
infilled frame.
3. Indian code does not consider the position
oramount of infill present in the structure,
 whereas Eurocode gives importance to Innovative Technology (IJEIT)Volume 2, Issue
themasonry. 2, August 2012,89
4. As Time History is realistic method, used for [5] Arvindreddy, R.J.Fernandes SEISMIC
seismic analysis, it provides a better check to ANALYSIS OF RC REGULAR AND
the safety of structures analyzed and IRREGULAR FRAME STRUCTURES
designed by method specified by IS code. International Research Journal of Engineering
5. From time history analysis it was found that and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
for higher storey stiffness irregularity shows Volume: 02 Issue: 05 | Aug-2015
least base force as compared to all other
structures [6] Mr.Gururaj B. Katti and Dr.Basavraj S.
Balapgol SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF
6. The results obtained from static analysis MULTISTORIED RCC BUILDINGS DUE TO
method show lesser storey displacement MASS IRREGULARITY BY TIME HISTORY
values as compared to response spectrum ANALYSISInternational Journal of Engineering
analysis. This variation may be due to Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-
nonlinear distribution of force. 0181,Vol. 3 Issue 7, July 2014
7. Due to infill walls in the High Rise Building [7] Mohammad H. Jinya, V. R. Patel ANALYSIS
top storey displacement is reduces. Base OF RC FRAME WITH AND WITHOUT
shear is increased. MASONRY INFILL WALL WITH DIFFERENT
8. The results from Equivalent static analysis, STIFFNESS WITH OUTER CENTRAL
thedisplacement values are higher than OPENING Ijret: International Journal Of
Response Spectrum and Time History Research In Engineering And Technology
analysis. Eissn: 2319-1163 | Pissn: 2321-7308
9. The increase in the percentage of opening
leads to a decrease in the lateral stiffness. Authors Biography
References
[1] Prof. P.B Kulkarni, PoojaRaut, Nikhil Agrawal Mr. Tushar Ravi Agrawal is
LINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS OF MASONRY pursuing M.E and doing his thesis
INFILLED R.C.FRAME WITH &WITHOUT under the guidance of
OPENING INCLUDING OPEN GROUND Prof.P.B.Kulkarni (SRCOEM
STOREY International Journal of Innovative ,Nagpur). He did his B.E. in civil
Research in Science, Engineering and engineering from Nagpur
Technology Vol. 2, Issue 6, June 2013 University, Nagpur.

[2] A S Patil and P D Kumbhar, TIME HISTORY

ANALYSIS OF MULTISTORIEDRCC Prof. P.B.Kulkarni is an
BUILDINGS FOR DIFFERENT SEISMIC Associate professor in the Faculty
INTENSITIES 2013, Int. J. Struct. & Civil of Civil Engineering Dept, Nagpur
Engg. Res. 2013 , Vol. 2, No. 3, ISSN 2319 University. He has a broad
6009, August 2013 experience in the field of Civil
Engineering. He has authored a
[3] Prof. R.S.Rajguru and Mr.Ravindra N. book on Engineering Mechanics.
ShelkeSEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF
VERTICALLY IRREGULAR RC BUILDING
FRAMESPG Conference 2015, Held at Prof. Nikhil Agrawal is an
MAEERs MIT, Pune-411038, 24-25 April 2015 assistant professor in the Faculty
of Civil Engineering Dept, Nagpur
[4] Wakchaure M.R, Ped S. P EARTHQUAKE University. He has a broad
ANALYSIS OF HIGH RISE BUILDING WITH experience in the field of
AND WITHOUT IN FILLED WALLS structural engineering.
International Journal of Engineering and