Show all your work steps to get full grades for each problem.

Do not assume anything

Show ALL reasoning.

1 . You are studying 3 genes X, Y, and Z that are linked (in that order) in the Imperial Scorpion
Pandinus imperator. The distance between X and Y is 10 cM, the distance between Y and Z is 8
cM.

a. What frequency of double crossovers do you expect between X and Z?

b. If you scored 1500 progeny and found 5 with double crossovers would you conclude that
Pandinus imperator has crossover interference or not?

c. Calculate a coefficient of coincidence and interference value for the X to Z interval.

2. You are studying two linked genes in lizards. You have two females and you know that both
are the same genotype, heterozygous for both genes (A/a and B/b). You test cross each female to
a male that is fully homozygous recessive for both genes (a/a and b/b) and get the following
progeny with the following phenotypes:

Female 1 Female 2
AB 37 AB 5
ab 33 ab 4
Ab 4 Ab 35
aB 6 aB 36

How can you explain the drastic difference between these two crosses?

3. You are doing lab work with a new species of beetle. You have isolated lines that breed true
for either blue shells and long antenna, or green shells and short antenna. Crossing these lines
yields F1 progeny with blue shells and long antenna. Crossing F1 progeny with beetles that have
green shells and short antenna yield the following progeny:

blue shell, long antenna 82

green shell, short antenna 78
blue shell, short antenna 37
green shell, long antenna 43
total 240

a. Which shell color and antenna length alleles are dominant?

b. Are the shell color locus and antenna length locus linked?
c. Check your answer to the previous question with the chi-square test.
d. If the genes are linked, calculate the recombination frequency between them.
4. Smurfs are imaginary creatures who are normally blue (Bl), fuzzy (Fz), and industrious (In).
Data from a three-point testcross are shown below.

Phenotype Genotype Number

Normal Bl-, Fz-, In- 324
White blbl, Fz-, In- 49
Bald Bl-, fzfz, In- 3
Lazy Bl-, Fz-, inin 42
white, bald blbl, fzfz, In- 32
white, lazy blbl, Fz-, inin 5
bald, lazy Bl-, fzfz, inin 51
white, bald, lazy blbl, fzfz, inin 309
Total: 815

a. What is the genotype of the triply heterozygous parent?

b. What is the order and distance in map units between the three genes?

5. In flower beetles, pygmy (py) is recessive to normal size (py+), and red color (r) is recessive to
brown (r+). A beetle heterozygous for these characteristics was test crossed to a beetle
homozygous for pygmy and red. The progeny phenotypes from this testcross are shown below.
py+ r+ 180
py+ r 22
py r+ 19
py r 191
Total 412
What is the frequency of recombination between these two genes?

Carry out a series of chi-square tests to determine if these genes are assorting independently.
What does your chi-square value and associated probability indicate about whether these genes
are linked?

6. In a particular breed of flowering plants, two genes on the same chromosome determine
flower color and leaf color. For flower color, blue (B) is dominant to pink (b), and for leaf color,
white (W) is dominant to green (w). A true-breeding plant with blue flowers and white leaves is
crossed with a plant that has pink flowers and green leaves. The offspring are observed and the
following phenotypes are tallied:

blue flowers and white leaves: 370 plants;

blue flowers and green leaves: 14 plants;
pink flowers and white leaves: 12 plants;
pink flowers and green leaves: 363 plants.

What is the frequency of recombination between these two genes?

6. A triple-point testcross of a plant is used to determine the order of linked genes g, t, and l. The
wild-type parental phenotypes are green, tall, and leafy, represented by the triple heterozygote
g+t+l+/gtl. The mutant plants are red, dwarf, and sparse, represented by the triple recessive
genotype gtl/gtl. The least frequent phenotypes in the progeny of the testcross are red, tall, and
leafy, and green, dwarf, and sparse. the genotypes and numbers of progeny resulting from the
testcross are as follows:

t+g+ l+ 72
tgl 69
t+gl 21
tg+l+ 18
t+gl+ 2
tg+l 1
t+g+l 9
tgl+ 8
Total 200

What is the order of the three genes?

Calculate the genetic distance between genes g and l.

Calculate the coefficient of coincidence

Calculate the interference