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The mainly purpose of the quencher is to cool the flue gases. There is no
accumulation and consumption in the quencher, so the mass balance will be based on
input equal output.
The diameter of a spray tower may be calculated from the superficial velocity ( )
(m/sec), which is given below:
Eq. (1)
Where:
Eq. (2)
Where:
Eq. (3)
In order to calculate the tower height (Z) (ft), a volumetric heat transfer
coefficient (U) (Btu/hr-ft3 .oF) is employed. This coefficient is then used to establish
the required contact volume (V) as the following equation:
Eq.(4)
Where:
q : heat rate required to vaporized the water to the gas discharge temperature
If the liquid-side resistance to heat transfer is neglected, U is given by the hot gas
volumetric film heat transfer coefficient (h), as the following:
Eq. (5)
Where:
The superficial mass velocity of a stream is calculated by dividing the mass flow
rate (at or near the tower bottom) by the cross-sectional area. The mass flow rates are
specified at the bottom of the tower because these quantities change as the streams
move through the tower (due to the exchange of material) and reach their highest
values at the bottom (4). The tower volume is given by:
V = A Z Eq. (6)
The mainly purpose of the quencher is to cool the flue gases. There is no
accumulation and consumption in the quencher. The mass and energy balance were
shown on figure 4.1 as the following:
F2 = 3963254 mol/hr
T2= 46 oC
Water
T1w = 44 oC
Q - 101
Flue gases
T1= 170 oC
F2w = 570776 mol/hr
T2w= 67 oC
The following table 4.1 shows the composition of the flue gases that enter the tower:
Table 4.1: The molecular weight and the composition of each component
CO2 44 0.086
N2 28 0.692
O2 32 0.015
H2 O 18 0.207
The diameter of the spray tower is calculated from the superficial velocity (Eq
(1)):
Equations 4, 5& 6 were used in order to calculate the tower height (Z) as the
folllowing:
The terms G and L are superficial mass velocities for the gas and liquid,
respectivily, and they were determind as the following:
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