Professional Documents
Culture Documents
EDUBP | ABG | s e g u n d o c u a t r i m e s t r e
presentacin 3
programa 3
contenido mdulos
mapa conceptual 5
macroobjetivos 6
agenda 6
material 7
material bsico
material complementario
glosario 7
mdulos *
m1 | 8
m2 | 14
m3 | 22
m4 | 31
m5 | 41
m6 | 50
* cada mdulo contiene:
microobjetivos
contenidos
mapa conceptual
material
actividades
glosario
evaluacin 59
La novedad la encontrar en el ltimo mdulo ya que all habr textos referidos al contenido
de su carrera que actualmente est cursando. Adems, a medida que se vaya familiarizando
con el vocabulario especfico, la comprensin de artculos ser cada vez ms rpida e
incluso su lectura ms veloz. El objetivo es que pueda interpretar un texto y extraer la
informacin necesaria para su trabajo. Ud. tal vez dir, si necesito un tema determinado
lo busco en un libro en castellano. Esto es as, pero tambin es cierto que hay un gran
nmero de publicaciones en ingls por lo que no resultar extrao que all encuentre lo
que est buscando. Una lectura veloz puede incluso guiarlo a otras fuentes de bibliografa
que pueden resultarle muy til. Por ello, descartar un texto porque est en ingls puede
significar dejar de lado una valiosa fuente de informacin para orientar su bsqueda a otros
temas.
p r o g rama
UNIDAD 2: SUBORDINACIN
1. Definicin de subordinacin
2. Nexos subordinantes
3. Proposiciones subordinadas sustantivas
4. Proposiciones subordinadas adjetivas:
4.1. Especificativas
4.2. Explicativas
UNIDAD 6:
En este mdulo Ud. podr ejercitar todo lo aprendido en los mdulos anteriores,
aplicando vocabulario y textos relacionados con su carrera.
a genda
Sr. Alumno:
Si bien es cierto su proceso de estudio implica leer la bibliografa, realizar
las actividades, comprender y aprender los temas, tambin requiere una
organizacin de sus tiempos de estudio.
Sabemos que cada uno de nosotros tiene su propio ritmo para aprender, y
que de acuerdo a las ocupaciones que nos insumen nuestras actividades, los
tiempos dedicados al estudio sern diferentes para cada uno. No obstante es
nuestra intencin presentarle sugerencias en cuanto al porcentaje que se le
ha asignado a cada mdulo segn la importancia de los temas, y el tiempo
estimativo que puede asumir cada mdulo del total de la asignatura.
Esto le servir a Ud. para distribuir sus tiempos de estudio por mdulos y por
asignaturas, ya sean stas cuatrimestrales o anuales.
Con este objetivo se han construido las siguientes tablas por asignatura, las que
usted podr reproducir en un cuadro general donde distribuya los tiempos por
ao de cursado
SEMANAS MODULOS
1 2 3 4 5 6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 EDUBP | ABOGACA | Ingls Jurdico II - pag.
10
11
12
13
MODULOS PORCENTAJES ESTIMADOS
1 10%
2 15%
3 15%
4 15%
5 20 %
6
Representacin de porcentajes en25%
semanas
TOTAL 100%
SEMANAS MODULOS
1 2 3 4 5 6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
m a terial
Material bsico:
Material complementario:
g l o sario
m1
m1 microobjetivos
m1 contenidos
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asistente acadmico 1
1.2.4. a bit / a little / a lot / much / far / a great deal / a good deal / rather / slightly
+ comparativo
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asistente acadmico 2
Ejemplo: She sat near the furthest window. (Ella se sent cerca de la ventana
ms lejana.)
Our eldest daughter couldnt come. (Nuestra hija mayor [de todos nuestros
hijos] no pudo venir.)
m1 material
m1 | actividad 1
Adjetivos y Adverbios.
A trade union is an association of wage earners whose purpose is to improve the conditions of
their working lives. Their legal standing and their rights are well established; they are as lawful and
as respectable as banks. Their power and influence have never been greater. They have spread
far beyond the ranks of the skilled craftsmen where
were their early activity was centered. Their leaders
are better known and more often on the public eye than most politicians and play a prominent part
in public life.
2. Tradzcalo.
m1 | actividad 2
Comparativos o Superlativos?
1. Each year, there are approximately 1.5 million felony cases (crimes potentially
punishable by imprisonment for more than one year) prosecuted; less than three
percent of these are prosecuted in the Federal system.
2. A number of states have required unanimous jury verdicts where the Constitution
would allow a less than unanimous verdict in a criminal case.
3. The two gunmen left the shop with more than U$S 10,000 worth of watches
and jewelry.
4. Dueling in Paraguay is legal as long as both participants are registered blood
donors.
5. The leading case Salomon v. Salomon was decided by the House of Lords, the
highest court in England, in 1879 and it lays down the principle that a company
is a separate entity from its members.
6. The most important element in all contracts is agreement.
7. How do you prove the existence of agreement which is really no more than a
state of mind?. English judges, who are more interested in practical solutions than
in abstract theories, have adopted a simple approach to this difficult problem.
8. Contrary to popular belief, most contracts in England are just as valid if made
by word of mouth as they would be if made in writing. The most important
exceptions to this rule are, perhaps, contracts of insurance and all transactions
involving land.
Comprensin de texto.
1- Lea el siguiente
m1 glosario
m2
m2 microobjetivos
m2 contenidos
SUBORDINACIN
1. Definicin de subordinacin. A 1
2. Nexos subordinantes. A 2
4.1. Especificativas
4.2. Explicativas
asistente acadmico 1
1. Subordinacin
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asistente acadmico 2
2. Nexos subordinantes
Nexos compuestos con that obligatorio: in that (en que, a causa de que, por
cuanto), so that (para que), such that (tal que), except that (sino que, fuera
de que), in order that (a fin de que, para que), etc.
Nexos compuestos con that opcional: now (that) (ya que, ahora que), pro-
vided / providing (that) (siempre que, con tal que, a condicin que), suppos-
ing (that) (suponiendo que), considering (that) (considerando, en vista que),
seeing (that) (visto que, puesto que, ya que), etc.
Nexos compuestos con than: rather than (+ verbo sin conjugar o frase sin
verbo) (en vez de, antes que)
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asistente acadmico 3
I told him (that) he was wrong. (Le dije que estaba equivocado.) (La palabra
that entre parntesis indica que es opcional en ingls. Ello no es posible en
castellano, idioma en el cual se traduce que. Si no est presente en la oracin
en ingls, nos daremos cuenta de su ausencia por la falta de sentido al traducir.
Por ejemplo, si leemos Im sure shell come, y traducimos literalmente Estoy
seguro/a ella vendr, podemos comprender lo que se pudo haber querido decir.
Sin embargo, para que tenga sentido completo, la oracin debe traducirse Estoy
seguro/a de que ella vendr.)
He couldnt remember on which shelf she kept it. (l no poda recordar en/
sobre qu/cul estante ella lo guardaba.)
He couldnt remember which shelf she kept it on. (En este ejemplo la preposicin
on est al final de la proposicin subordinada, lo cual es muy habitual en
ingls. No obstante, en la traduccin al castellano no podemos dejarla en esa
posicin, ya que diramos l no poda recordar qu/cul estante ella lo guardaba
en/sobre. La traduccin correcta es l no poda recordar en/sobre qu/cul
estante ella lo guardaba.
I dont care whether or not your car breaks down. (No me importa si tu auto se
rompe o no.)
What he is looking for is a wife. (Lo que est buscando es una esposa.)
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asistente acadmico 4
A baby whose mother had left him was crying loudly. (Un beb cuya madre lo
haba dejado estaba llorando ruidosamente.)
There are several reasons why we cant do that. (Hay varias razones por las
cuales no podemos hacer eso.)
She was engaged to a sailor, whom she had met at Dartmouth. (Ella estaba
comprometida con un marinero, a quien haba conocido en Dartmouth.)
They were all friends, many of whom had known each other for years. (Eran
todos amigos, muchos de los cuales se haban conocido durante aos.)
This happened in 1960, when I was still a baby. (Esto sucedi en 1960, cuando
yo todava era un beb.)
m2 actividades
m2 | actividad 1
Nexos subordinantes
Antes de realizar el ejercicio, repase la parte terica que trata el tema.
Una las oraciones de la columna A con su correspondiente de la columna B.
A B
1 A jury is a group of people who A ... defends or prosecutes
2 A lawyer is a person who B ... decides if someone is guilty or innocent
3 A fine is the money which C ... trials take place.
4 A court is the place where D ... sentences a criminal.
5 Witnesses are the people who E ... is paid as punishment.
6 A judge is the person who F ... declare what they know about a crime.
m2 | actividad 2
One night a burglar broke into a house. While he was stealing things, the
telephone rang. The burglar answered the phone and said that there was
nobody in. The caller asked who the burglar was and he answered he was a
gardener. The caller was suspicious and wondered why there was a gardener
there at night. After he had finished talking to the burglar, he rang the police
and the burglar was arrested.
2. Tradzcalo.
m2 | actividad 3
3. A buyer is liable for the difference between the contract and the market prices
if he refuses to accept delivery and the market price is lower.
6. The terms written or unwritten are misleading because the expression written
law signifies any law that is formally enacted, whether reduced to writing or
not, and the expression unwritten law signifies all unenacted law.
7. Since the fashion was set by the Code Napoleon many continental countries
have codified much of their law, public and private.
9. When a judge rules in such a case he legislates because future courts must
follow him.
10. The range of subjects on offer is wide from Family Law to International Law
though in practice most undergraduates take Contract Law o Land Law.
m2 | actividad 4
Lectocomprensin
5. Inferencias:
a) Con ayuda del diccionario bilinge, y haciendo inferencias del texto analizado
establezca la diferencia entre los vocablos LAW y ACT en ingls.
Traduccin
Someone, usually a citizen, reports a crime to the police, or the police discover the commission of
a crime as a result of their own investigation.
In the American system, the police must have enough evidence to show probable cause to believe
that (1) a crime has been committed and that the person identified as the suspect committed that
(2) crime. At some point during the investigation by the police, a decision is made whether or not
to file charges for a crime. A prosecuting attorney will be consulted, and he or she will determine
whether charges are to be filed. In most jurisdictions, the prosecutor may then file either an
information or complaint, both of which must have supporting facts provided under oath identifying
the basis for probable cause.
The matter may be presented to a grand jury which determines if there is sufficient probable cause
and issues a formal charge in an indictment.
m2 | actividad 6
Comprensin de texto.
a. Thompson claimed that because he was unarmed, he put the goods down
and raised his hands when he saw the shotgun.
b. The judge said despite the fact that Lewis was defending his own property,
the shotgun was unlicensed and in any case, it was not acceptable for
people to take law into their own hands.
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2.1. De tiempo
Ejemplo: When I last saw you, you lived in Washington. (Cuando te vi por
ltima vez, vivas en Washington.)
Buy your tickets as soon as you reach the station. (Compra tus
boletos tan pronto como llegues a la estacin.)
2.2. De lugar
Ejemplo: They went wherever they could find work. (Iban a donde pudieran
encontrar trabajo.)
Where the fire had been, we saw nothing but blackened ruins.
(Donde haba sido el incendio, no vimos ms que ruinas ennegrecidas.)
2.3. De condicin
Existen en ingls cuatro tipos de proposiciones subordinadas condicionales.
Esta divisin se basa tanto en el significado como en los tiempos verbales
que se usan en cada uno de ellos. Los nexos subordinantes tpicos de estas
subordinadas son if (= si) y unless (a menos que).
If you see Tom tomorrow, tell him I need to talk to him. (Si ves a Tom maana,
dile que necesito hablar con l.)
[dile que necesito hablar con l] = proposicin principal el verbo tell (decir)
est conjugado en el modo imperativo (dile)
If I had known they were coming, I could have cooked a better meal. (Si hubiera
sabido que venan, podra haber preparado una mejor comida.)
You wouldnt feel sick if you hadnt eaten so much. (No te sentiras mal si no
hubieras comido tanto.
2.4. De concesin
Ejemplo: No goals were scored, though it was an exciting game. (No hubo
goles, aunque fue un partido emocionante.)
[though it was an exciting game] = proposicin subordinada de concesin
implica un contraste entre dos circunstancias, es decir, la proposicin principal
[No goals were scored] = [No hubo goles] es sorprendente si se la compara con
lo expresado en la subordinada.
Even though he hadnt eaten for days, he looked very fit. (Aunque no haba
comido por das, se lo vea bien.)
Ejemplo: I lent him the money because he needed it. (Le prest el dinero
porque lo necesitaba.)
[I lent him the money] = proposicin principal
[because he needed it] = proposicin subordinada
As Jane was the eldest, she looked after the others. (Como Jane era la mayor,
cuidaba a los otros.) (As tambin puede traducirse tambin como ya que,
porque y en su lugar puede utilizarse since.)
2.6. De propsito
Ejemplo: John visited London in order that he could see his MP. (John visit
Londres para poder ver al diputado de su distrito.) (In order that podra ser
reemplazado por so that.)
Ejemplo: I left early to catch the train. (Sal temprano para alcanzar el tren.)
They left the door open in order for me to hear the baby. (Dejaron la
puerta abierta para que yo oyera al beb.)
2.7. De resultado
My suitcase had become damaged on the journey home, so that the lid would
not stay closed. (Mi valija se haba daado en el viaje a casa, de modo que la
tapa no quedaba cerrada.)
He dressed so quickly that he put on different color socks. (Se visti tan rpido
que se puso medias de diferente color.)
She got such a shock that she dropped the bag. (Se llev tal susto / un susto
tan grande que dej caer la bolsa.)
She reacted as if she didnt know about it. (Ella reaccion como si no lo
supiera.)
You look like youve seen a ghost. (Parece como si hubieras visto un
fantasma.)
m3 material
m3 actividades
m3 | actividad 1
m3 | actividad 2
Terminologa aplicada
1. Elija del casillero la palabra que ms se adece para completar cada oracin.
m3 | actividad 3
Proposiciones Condicionales
3 If you ______ (be) at a bus stop and a car ______ (park) there illegally, would you...
a) take the car number and tell the policeman?
b) ask the driver to move the car?
c) ignore it?
5 If you ______ (drive) past an empty car and scratched it by mistake, would you ...
a) stop and look for the owner?
b) leave a note on the windscreen with your name and phone number?
c) drive on and do nothing?
m3 | actividad 4
Comprensin de texto.
3. Marque con una cruz (X) los extractos que contienen proposiciones
subordinadas y tradzcalos.
Lectocomprensin.
CONTRACTS
A serious breach of contract by one party may give the other party a right
to treat himself as released from any further obligations, thereby bringing
a contract to and end. A contract may also be discharged by agreement,
performance or frustration. Discharge by agreement is quite straightforward.
Since a contract is made by agreement it is logical that it can be unmade in
the same way. If both parties perform all their obligations under a contract,
then the contract must be at an end simply because there is nothing left
for either party. Discharge by frustration, however, does not rest on such
logical foundation. The modern rule is that where something happens after
the formation of a contract, without the fault of either party, that makes further
performance of the contract illegal, impossible or completely pointless then
the purpose of the contract is frustrated and both parties are released from
it. The idea that a contract can come to an end in this way is comparatively
new to English law: it made its first appearance in 1863. Before that time
there was no escape from contractual obligations by pleading, for instance,
that it was impossible to carry them out. The attitude of the law was simple.
If you bound yourself by contract to do something then you had to do it:
no excuses are accepted. The justification for this harsh rule was that you
need not have agreed in the first place, and having agreed you could have
protected yourself from hardship by another term in the contract. But if you
did not trouble to protect yourself it was not the business of the courts to save
you form yourself.
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VOZ PASIVA
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Decimos que una oracin est en voz activa cuando la accin expresada por
el verbo es realizada por el sujeto.
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Ejemplo:
They have pulled down the theater. (Han derribado el teatro.) (Presente
perfecto en voz activa)
The theater has been pulled down. (El teatro ha sido derribado) (Presente
perfecto en voz pasiva)
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asistente acadmico 3
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asistente acadmico 4
Esta estructura nos permite expresar que algo es hecho por alguien sin
mencionar quin es ese alguien. Observe como llegamos a este significado
cambiando la forma de la siguiente oracin:
The painters are painting my house at the moment. (Los pintores
estn pintando mi casa en este momento.) (Voz activa)
My house is being painted (by the painters) at the moment. (Mi
casa est siendo pintada (por los pintores) en este momento.) (Voz
pasiva)
I am having my house painted at the moment. (Estoy haciendo
pintar mi casa en este momento.) (have [am having] + objeto [my
house] + participio pasado [painted]) (Esta estructura nos permite
evitar el uso de la voz pasiva ms convencional y as obtener un
sentido ms informal.)
asistente acadmico 5
5. Need y want + verbo terminado en -ing
Ejemplo:
Your hair needs cutting. (Tu cabello necesita ser cortado.) (= Tu
cabello necesita un corte.) (Esta oracin es igual a decir Your hair
needs to be cut = Tu cabello necesita ser cortado.) (Es
INCORRECTO traducir Tu cabello necesita cortando.)
My shoes want polishing. (Mis zapatos necesitan ser lustrados.) (=
Mis zapatos necesitan un lustrado.) (Es INCORRECTO traducir Mis
zapatos quieren lustrando.)
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6. Pasiva con se
Con verbos como believe (creer), know (saber), say (decir), think (pensar), etc.,
que se utilizan para expresar la opinion de otras personas, con frecuencia se
utiliza una construccin pasiva para evitar un sujeto poco preciso y para dar
una opinin generalizada. Esta construccin puede tener dos formas, una de las
cuales es muy parecida a la del castellano, pero ambas se traducen igual: Se
cree / crey / crea que ..., Se sabe / supo / saba que ..., Se dice / dijo / deca
que ..., Se piensa / pens / pensaba que ..., etc.
Ejemplo:
People think that Smith is in England. (La gente piensa que Smith
est en Inglaterra.) (Voz activa)
It is thought that Smith is in England. (Se piensa que Smith est en
Inglaterra.) (Voz pasiva) (Esta construccin es similar a la del
castellano, pero debe prestarse atencin de no traducir Es pensado que ...)
Smith is thought to be in England. (Se piensa que Smith est en
Inglaterra.) (Voz pasiva) (Esta construccin no se parece a la del
castellano, por lo cual debe evitarse traducciones como Smith es
pensado estar en Inglaterra, que es INCORRECTA.)
People know that Mary is living in Scotland. (La gente sabe que Mary
est viviendo en Escocia.) (Voz activa)
It is known that Mary is living in Scotland. (Se sabe que Mary est
viviendo en Escocia.) (Voz pasiva)
Mary is known to be living in Scotland. (Se sabe que Mary est
viviendo en Escocia.) (Voz pasiva) (Es INCORRECTO traducir Mary
es sabida estar viviendo en Escocia.)
Ejemplo:
People believe that Smith left England last week. (La gente cree que
Smith sali de Inglaterra la semana pasada.) (Voz activa) (El verbo
believe est en presente porque la gente cree ahora, en tiempo
presente, pero left es el que indica la accin principal que se quiere
comunicar en la oracin.)
It is believed that Smith left England last week. (Se cree que Smith
sali de Inglaterra la semana pasada.) (Voz pasiva)
Smith is believed to have left England last week. (Se cree que Smith
sali de Inglaterra la semana pasada.) (Voz pasiva) (Es INCORRECTO
decir Smith es
credo de haber salido de Inglaterra la semana
pasada.)
People thought Sue had paid too much. (Voz activa) (La gente pens
que Sue haba pagado demasiado.) (El verbo thought est en pasado
porque la gente pens en un momento de tiempo anterior al
presente.)
It was thought that Sue had paid too much. (Se pens que Sue haba
pagado demasiado.) (Voz pasiva)
Sue was thought to have paid too much. (Se pens que Sue haba
pagado demasiado.) (Voz pasiva) (Es INCORRECTO decir Sue fue
pensada haber
pagado demasiado.)
Ejemplo:
Students are supposed to wear their uniforms. (Se supone que los
alumnos deben usar sus uniformes.) (Los alumnos deben usar sus
uniformes.) (Voz pasiva)
You are expected to introduce yourself. (Debes presentarte.) (Voz
pasiva)
Prices are expected to rise soon. (Se espera que los precios suban
pronto.) (Se espera una suba en los precios.) (Voz pasiva) (Es
INCORRECTO traducir Los precios son esperados subir pronto.)
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Ejemplo:
We arrived at the answer after much discussion. (Llegamos /
Arribamos a la
respuesta luego de mucho debate.) (Voz activa)
The answer was arrived at after much discussion. (Es INCORRECTO
tranducir La respuesta fue llegada / arribada a luego de mucho
debate. En este caso, debemos parafrasear la oracin y decir La
respuesta fue encontrada luego de mucho debate.)
After the accident the police found out that someone had tampered
with the car engine. (Despus del accidente la polica descubri que
alguien haba tocado el motor del auto / alguien haba realizado
cambios en el motor del auto.) (Voz activa)
After the accident it was found out that the car engine had been tampered with.
(Despus del accidente se descubri que el motor haba sido tocado.) (Voz
pasiva) (En ese caso, al traducir al castellano no necesitamos la preposicin
with, por lo cual simplemente la omitimos.)
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2. Haga una lista con todas las construcciones en voz pasiva que encuentre en
los artculos.
Comprensin de texto.
United Kingdom
English law and Scots law are very different form each other in form and
substance. The separate evolution of the two legal systems, both before and
after the Union, has resulted in different principles, institutions and traditions.
Although in modern times Scots law has been greatly influenced by English
law, it is still based upon principles of Roman or Civil law and upon rules of
Canon, feudal or customary law origin. In spite of the existence of a Common
Parliament for England and Scotland for over 250 years there has been no
assimilation of the legal systems of the two countries. A fusion of law has,
however, taken place between England and Wales, as a consequence of the
subjugation of the latter country in the middle ages.
m4 | actividad 4
French secret agents attacked the boat Rainbow Warrior with explosives while it
was moored in Auckland Harbor, New Zealand.
Two agents using false names were arrested in New Zealand on 12 July 1985
and duly charged with false passport and offences. On 23 July they were further
charged with conspiracy to commit arson, with willfully damaging the Rainbow
Warrior by means of explosives, with the murder of Fernando Pereira, a crew
member, the Greenpeace photographer on the expedition. They plead not guilty
and remainded in custody. In mid-August the French press identified them as
Alain Mafart and Dominique Prieur. On 13 August New Zealand demanded
extradition of all those involved, but the French government replied that it could
not extradite French nationals.
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asistente acadmico 1
1. Infinitivo
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asistente acadmico 2
2. Sufijo -ing
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asistente acadmico 3
3. Participio pasado
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Traduccin de ING.
a. Driving a motor vehicle unfit to drive through drink contrary to section 5 of the
Road Traffic Act 1972.
b. Using firearm with intent contrary to section 17 of the Firearms Act 1968.
c. Driving a motor vehicle with alcohol concentration above the prescribed limit,
contrary to section 6 of the Road Traffic Act 1972.
d. Possessing firearm with intent to endanger life contrary to section 16 of the
Firearm Act 1968.
e. Having offensive weapon contrary to section 1 of the Prevention Crime Act
1953.
f. Causing death by dangerous driving, contrary to section 1 of the Road Traffic
Act 1972.
g. Wounding with intent, contrary to section 18 of the Offences against the
Person Act 1981.
I. John Martins, by driving a motor vehicle on the 21st day of March, 1997,
on a road, namely Station Road, in a manner which was dangerous to the
public, caused the death of Susan Pitson on 3/21/97. F_____
II. Tom Johnson on November 1st , 2000 without lawful authority or reasona-
ble excuse had with him in a public place an offensive weapon. _______
_
III. Mary Stuart, on September 19th , 1986 when driving a motor vehicle on
the Fifth Avenue was unfit to drive through drink. __________
IV. Andrew Miller on April 3rd , 1975 made use of a firearm with the intent to
resist or prevent the lawful arrest or detention of himself. __________
V. Pamela Peterson on the second day of the current year, drove a motor
vehicle on Square Street, having consumed alcohol in such a quantity
that the proportion thereof in her blood exceeded the prescribed limit
at the time when she provided a specimen under section 9 of the Road
Traffic Act 1972. _________
VI. Michael Samuelson on December 13 th , 1999 had in his possession a
firearm with the intent by means thereof to endanger life. __________
VII. Alice Ferroth on July 20th, 1995, wounded her husband, John Cook, with
the intent to do him grievous bodily harm. __________
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1. The judge told Peter not to be so silly in the future and then let him go.
2. The men were caught and sent to prison for two years.
3. The burglars left the bar and went to the bank.
4. To get his revenge the thief went into the toilet at the tax office and replaced
the soap with a joke soap that turned peoples hands black.
5. The two men were charged with robbery, illegal parking and trying to steal a
car.
6. The assistant watched, as the suspects rolled up the expensive carpet and
carried it to the door.
7. The clerk left the courtroom for a few minutes, and then she returned, read
my case and explained it to me.
8. When I was going to court I was so scared.
9. In the Deans absence, the task of interviewing the candidates for Law School
has fallen to Cynthia.
10. We havent got around to the important things yet, like hours and wages,
said the employer.
11. Testimony proceeds by questions directed to the witness, and answers are
given under oath.
12. The oath is a swearing to truthful statements given by the witness.
13. The jury is designed, to the extent feasible, that it will be fair and impartial and
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1. In the Federal system, sentencing is now imposed for few minor crimes.
2. Trial is a process in which the prosecuting attorney must present evidence to
prove the crime charged beyond reasonable doubt.
3. Public law is that part of the law governing the relationship of citizens with the
State and of one State with another.
4. The jury will decide the case according to the evidence presented and
testimonies given in court.
5. The arrest is based upon a police investigation that has obtained sufficient
information to justify arresting a particular suspect.
6. The prosecutor must have supporting facts provided under oath identifying
the basis for probable cause.
7. A businessman manufacturing or selling a product must be alert of the
potential liability or injury resulting from a defective product.
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Participio Pasado.
At all periods in English history it has been necessary for the legislative and
executive to act in harmony if the government is to be carried on efficiently. It is
in order to effect this object that constitutional conventions, which have varied
from age to age, have been devised. Today, as in the past, much of the practical
working of the constitution depends less upon substantive law enforced by the
courts than upon conventional usages founded partly upon the precedents
afforded by history and partly upon the needs of the time, which may be said for
practical purposes of government to have acquired the force of customary law.
The rules and principles embodied in these conventional usages have been found
in experience to be essential to the cooperation of the three parties whom the
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Comprensin de texto.
1.Lea la siguiente obra titulada Macbeth, escrita por Shakespeare y subraye las
trasparencias.
Macbeth was written in the early seventeenth century by Shakespeare. The play
takes place in Scotland. Two Scottish generals, Macbeth and Banquo, are on
their way home after a battle. As they were crossing a wild and lonely countryside,
they met three witches. The three witches make a surprising prophecy: that
Macbeth will become the king of Scotland. The witches also made a prophecy
about Banquo. They tell him that he will not become king, but that he will be the
father of a king.
At first Macbeth doesnt believe the prophecy, but when he returns to his castle
he learns that the king, Duncan, has had him made king. Macbeth starts to
believe the prophecy. Soon afterwards Duncan comes to stay at Macbeths
Castle.
Macbeths wife persuades her husband to murder the king. Macbeth kills
Duncan, but Duncans two sons, Malcolm and Donalbain escape to England.
Macbeth has himself made king. Macbeth has made the prophecy come true. But
he remembers the prophecy that one of Banquos children will become king.
To stop the prophecy, Macbeth tries to have Banquo and his son, Fleance,
murdered, too. Banquo is killed, but Fleance escapes to England. Macbeth is
now haunted by Banquos ghost. One night he sees the ghost sitting in his seat
at the table.
Macbeth goes back to the countryside to find the three witches. They tell Macbeth
that hell be safe until the forest called Birman Wood comes to his castle at
Dunsiname. They also tell him to be aware of Macduff, the Thane of Fife. Macbeth
decides to kill Macduff. His army attacks Macduffs castle. But Macduff isnt
there. He is with Malcolm in England, but his wife and children are at the castle.
Macbeth has Macduffs family killed.
Macbeth returns to Dunsinane, where he finds that lady Macbeth has gone. All
the killing has been too much for her and she soon dies.
Now Malcolm and Macduff decide to get their revenge. Their army marches up
from England to Dunsinane. As they are going through Birman Wood, Malcolm
has branches cut from trees. When they attack the castle it, the soldiers carry the
branches to hide themselves. From Dunsinane castle looks like as if the forest
is moving towards the castle. The witches prophecy has come true again. In
the battle that follows, Macduff kills Macbeth and Malcolm becomes the king of
Scotland.
5. Haga un listado con todos los delitos mencionados en el texto y las palabras
que tengan alguna connotacin jurdica. Luego tradzcalos.
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Comprensin de texto
Lease
BE IT KNOWN by this document that we, Mr. ...............party of the first part, and
Mr. ...............party of the second part, of age, and residents of ............... declare
and agree the following:
First: Mr. ........ gives in lease to Mr. ............... the property ............... located at
............... (description).
Second: The term of this contract is for ............... years beginning on the ...............
day of ............... l9...... , and shall end on the............... day of ............... 19......
Third: The price of this lease shall be ............... per annum, payable ...............
without any reduction whatsoever, the first payment to be made on the ...............
day of............... 20......
Fourth: The lessee undertakes the obligation to care for the trees on the property
and to repair the fences, avoiding whatever may cause damage to the property.
Fifth: The lessee cannot cut down trees nor exploit the stone or quarries on the
estate without an express agreement with the-owner.
Sixth: All the improvements which are made shall remain to the benefit of the
property, without the right of indemnity whatsoever.
Seventh: If ............... months shall elapse after the maturity of a due date without
payment having been made, the contract will be considered as matured and the
owner shall be considered to
have the right to start ejectment proceedings.
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a) Traduzca las siguientes oraciones y subraye las palabras o frases que Ud.
considere que pueden conformar un glosario con terminologa legal.
1. The company took out an injunction to prevent the newspaper from publish-
ing the story.
2. Every business must operate within the legal framework of the country.
3. They have changed the wording on the packing to comply with the new regu-
lations.
5. You realise that you will be liable for any debts incurred if you sign this agree-
ment?
7. The company threatened to sue the newspaper for libel unless an immediate
apology was published.
8. Until you can prove you have a legal claim to the property, we are not pre-
pared to do business with you.
9. As this is the first case of its kind it really depends on how the court interprets
the law.
10. They proved that the accident was the result of his negligence.
14. The new law will strengthen safeguards against unfair dismissal.
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Comprensin de texto
Esta es una situacin muy probable: un cliente suyo decide pedir un prstamo a
un banco extranjero y lo consulta a Ud. sobre los trminos del contrato.
This is the contract for your loan from The Rockson Bank. If you agree to its
terms, sign in
the space provided.
I promise to pay The Rockson Bank at its Salt Lake City office the amount of
$2,410.00 plus
interest (finance charge) from the date the loan is made on the unpaid balance
of the amount
financed at the annual percentage rate of 12.25% shown below.
I will pay the bank in 36 equal monthly installments of $80.53 each, beginning
October 5,
1984, and continuing on the same day of each month and will pay a final
installment of
$73.27 (estimated) on September 5, 1987.
I have received and read a copy of this contract prior to signing it. I agree to its
terms.
___________________ ___________________ _________________
__
Date Borrower Address
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glosario
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Comprensin de textos
Suponga que se presenta un problema laboral y una de las partes del conflicto
desea saber cmo se resuelve la cuestin laboral en Inglaterra.
When an employee is in breach of one of his duties, any action taken by the
employer
should comply with the disciplinary rules and procedures applicable to him.
Guidance on the standards which disciplinary rules and procedures should meet
is given in the ACAS Code of Practice on Disciplinary Practice and Procedures
in Employment. Where the disciplinary action results in dismissal, any failure to
meet these standards may provide the basis for a successful unfair dismissal
complaint.
Fines and Suspension. There is no general legal right to fine or suspend emplo-
yees. The employer is only entitled to impose sanctions short of dismissal when
provision is made for them in the contract of employment. This may be done by
express terms, by express incorporation of, e.g., work rules where such provision
is made, or by implication which may be based on the custom of the workplace.
If the disciplinary rules and procedures to which the employee is referred in the
note given to him under the Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act contain
provision for such sanctions, this will be strong evidence that they are part of the
employers contractual rights. It should be emphasized, though, that this note
Damages. The employer has the right to sue the employee for damages for any
breach of his contract of employment, whether or not the employment has come
to an end. But it is very rare for this to be done. One reason is that the amount of
damages would normally be small.
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Comprensin de texto
Lawyers at work
Professional titles
Although many kinds of people working in or studying legal affairs are referred to
as lawyers, the word really describes a person who has become officially quali-
fied to act in certain legal matters because of examinations he has taken and
professional experience he has gained. Most countries have different groups of
lawyers who each takes a particular kind of examination in order to qualify to
do particular jobs. In Japan, a lawyer must decide whether he wants to take the
examination to become an attorney, a public prosecutor or a judge. In England,
the decision is between becoming a barrister or a solicitor. Barristers specialise
in arguing cases in front of a judge and have the right to be heard, the right of
audience, even in the highest courts. They are not paid directly by clients, but are
employed by solicitors. Judges are usually chosen from the most senior barris-
ters, and once appointed they cannot continue to practice as barristers. Solicitors
do much of the initial preparation for cases which they then hand to barristers, as
well as handling legal work which does not come before a court, such as drawing
up wills, and dealing with litigation which is settled out of court. Solicitors also
have a right of audience in lower courts, but in higher courts, such as the Court of
Appeal, they must have a barrister argue their clients case. In general, it can be
said that a barrister spends most of his time either in a courtroom or preparing his
arguments for the court and a solicitor spends most of his time in an office giving
advice to clients, making investigations and preparing documents. Many people
believe the distinction between barristers and solicitors should be eliminated in
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What is insurance
Handbook of Everyday Law, Fourth Edition. Martin Ross & J Ross, 1981. Harper
& Row Publishers.
Comprensin de texto
FAMILY HOUSE
SPECIAL CONDITIONS:
In view of the general and special conditions of this policy the .............................
............ COMPANY LIMITED (hereinafter called the Company) insures .................
.............. (hereinafter called the Assured) domiciled at .........................................
against THEFT AND ROBBERY and or ATTEMPT AT ROBBERY AND THEFT of the
thing or things specified below and which occupy .............................. situated at
.............................. .
The thing or things referred to hereinafter described are those which the Assured
wishes to include in the insurance all in accordance with the form which he signed,
filed in the Company and which forms an integral part of his Insurance Policy.
DETAILS OF INSURANCE
1) FURNITURE: Utensils, chattels and all personal effects of the Assured and all
his family and servant, including furniture, table and bed linen, cutlery, ornaments,
glassware, china ware and musical instruments excluding the objects mentioned
in articles 2 and 3.
2) Silver and gold ware, jewels, jewellery, personal ornament, watches, furs and
or trinkets excluding articles mentioned in article 3.
3) Except for furniture, pianos and organs none of the objects assured by articles
1 and 2 shall in case of claim be valued at more than ...........% of the total sum
insured under this policy and never more than $ .............. Argentine currency. If
it is desired to insure any article for a larger sum, details of same must be given
here.
In this Policy the definitions of the words ROBBERY and THEFT respectively are
as follows:
ROBBERY is taking possession illegitimately of household goods, totally or
partially, by force or with physical violence applied to persons taking place before
the robbery, to facilitate carrying out after the robbery to obtain impunity. THEFT
is taking possession illegitimately of household goods, totally or partially without
physical violence applied to persons or force on the objects.
The premium including the expense of taxes and Inland Revenue stamped paper
amounts to $ ....................... Argentine Currency.
This Insurance is entered into for a period of ....................... as from the
....................... day of ....................... of the year 19 ..... at noon and expires the
....................... day of ....................... in the year 19 ..... at noon.
It is especially agreed that should the Assured pay the premium 12 hours before
the date of its falling due and the Company accepts that payment, this policy
shall continue in force a further period thus successively for a term not longer
than 10 years as from date of the issuance.
Examined ....................................
The Argentine Superintendence of Insurance has approved this policy by
Resolution N ....................... dated .......................th 19......
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Comprensin de texto
The tort of negligence is probably the most important single civil wrong in English
law today. It is important because it is based on a broad general principle of liability
and its scope is continually being extended to cover new factual situations. As
one judge has said, The categories of negligence are never closed.
The modern law of negligence really began with the case of Donoghue v.
Stevenson, decided by the House of Lords in 1931. The facts in that case where
somewhat bizarre. Two women went into a caf and one of them bought, among
other things, a bottle of ginger beer. The woman who had bought the ginger beer
poured some out for her friend, who drank it. The rest of the bottle was then
poured out -and with it came the partially decomposed remains of a snail. The
friend, who had already drunk a lot of the ginger beer, became, not surprisingly,
severely ill. She wanted to sue someone for damages, but since she had not
bought the ginger beer and so had no contract with the caf owner, she could
not sue him for breach of contract. She, therefore, sued the manufacturer for
negligence. The House of Lords held that, on these facts, the manufacturer would
be liable.
A passage from the speech of Lord Atkin, one of the Lords of Appeal sitting in this
case, is still the classic statement of the principles on which liability in negligence
is based.
He said, You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you
can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour. And he went
on to define neighbour as anyone whom you ought to contemplate as likely to
be affected by the acts or omissions in question.
The principle has been applied in many subsequent cases, including one in
which a manufacturer of mens underpants was held liable to the eventual
purchaser who contracted a painful dermatitis from a harmful chemical in the
cloth. It is certainly wide enough to cover Simons failure to take reasonable care
over the varnish on his collapsible chairs.
c) Arme un glosario.
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