PRACTICE TEST 5

Bai thuc

hanh. 5

Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 163

164 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice
 section 1
LISTENING COMPREHENSION
~
NGHE HIEU

This section rests your ability to com-
prehend spoken English. It is divided
into three pans, each with its own di-
rections. During actual exams, you are
nor permitted to turn the page during
the reading of the directions or to take
notes at any time.
Section nay kim tra kha nang hiu van
n6i tie'ng Anh cua ban. N6 duoc chia thanh
ba phan, m6i phan co huong d~n rieng.
Trong bai thi that, khi huong d~n dang
diroc dQC tren bang, ban kh6ng dltQC phep
l~.t trang hoac ghi chu vao ba'.t cu luc nao,

PART A

Directions: Each item in this port consists of o brief conversation involving

two speakers. Following each conversation, o third voice will ask o question.
You will heor the conversations and questions onlv once, ond they will not
be written out.
When you hove heard each conversation and question, read the four answer
choices and select the one - (A), (BL (C), or (D) - that best answers the
question based on what is directly stated or on what con be inferred. Then
fill in the space on your answer sheet that matches the letter of the answer
that you hove selected.
Here is on example.
You will hear:

You will read:

(A) Open the window .
. (B) Move the choir.
(C) Leave the room.
(D) Toke o seat.

Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 165

 From the conversotion you find out that the woman thinks the man should
put the choir over by the window. The best answer to the question "What
does the woman think the man should do?" is (B), "Move the choir." You
should fill in (B) on your answer sheet.
Don't forget: During actual exams, taking notes or writing in your test book
rs not permitted.

Sample Answer
@e@

1. (A) He picked
8
these strawberries 5. (A) She'd like to watch it, but she
. himself. hasn't.
(B) He chose the freshest strawber- (B) She didn't find it enjoyable.
'ries, (C) She tried to understand ii, but
(C) The strawberries were dis- she couldn't.
played outside Bailey's market. (D) She doesn't know when it
(D) The market had just sold the comes on.
last strawberries. 6. (A) Go skiing some other day.
2. (A) He's the worst lecturer they've (B) Take their lunch with them.

ever heard. (C) Buy sandwiches at the ski

(B) He gave one of his standard lec- lodge.
(C) Eat at an expensive restaurant.
tures.
(C) His article was the worst they've 7. (A) Botany.
ever read. (B) Mathematics.
(D) His lectures are generally bet- (C) Acting.
ter. (D) Astronomy.

3. (A) Ate breakfast quickly. 8. (A) She wrote them herself.

(B) Carne late to an appointnwnt. (B) She thinks they're _senlime:-ntal.

(C) Skipped breakfast. (C) She sings them with feeling.

(D) Waited in line. (D) She knows them from memory.

4. (A) Whal kind it is. 9. (A) Take a taxi.

(B) Where he bought it. (B) Stay at another hotel.

(C) How much it cost. (C) Ask the driver for directions.

(D) Whal color it is. (D) Walk to the hotel.

166 - Peter~on's TOEFL Practice

10. (A) Windows. 15. (A) Professor Dixon asked his stu-
(B) Dishes. dents to wait outside.
(C) Eyeglasses. (B) The weather isn't very good to-
(D) Automobiles. day.
i 1. (A) That Dean Metzger will have a (C) Professor Dixon's class is meet-
reception. ing outside today.
(B) That the reception will be held (D) The class was suddenly can-
tonight. celed.
(C) Thal the reception will be at 16. (A) He's changed his. mind.
seven (B) He's taking statistics a second
(D) Thal Dean Metzger's reception time.
has been canceled. (C) He considered it briefly.
12. (A) He's not vey good at math. (D) He finally decided lo take eco-
(B) He's taking two advanced nomics.
classes. 17.(A) He hasn't seen many operas.
(C) He doesn't remember seeing (B) Tickets for the opera don't cos!
the woman in class. much.
(D) He found the class too easy. (C) He didn't attend the opera yes-
13.(A) He never seems lo have any terday.
plans. (D) The opera wasn't as good as
(B) She was disappointed with his others.
planning. 18. (A) Listen to music.
(C) She enjoyed the event that he (B) Address a. teller.
planned. (C) Get his hair cut.
(D) He will do all the planning in (D) Send a package.
the future. 19. (A) He and his roommate are alike.
14.(A) He had an accident because of- (B) He is a helpful person.
his nervousness. (C) He always comes late to dinner.
(B) He seemed very jumpy last (D) His roommate likes him a lot.
night. 20.(A) It was sad.
(C) He was upset because he'd al- (B) It was believable.
most had an accident. (C) It- was boring.
(D) He was nervous about acting (D) It was funny.
in the play last night. 21.(A) In room 301.
(B) Next door to room 30 I.
(C) On another floor. .
(D) In another building.

Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 16 7

22. (AJ He didn't think she would at-
26.(AJ He wanted a large hamburger.
tend. (BJ He ordered a small drink, not a
(BJ Shewas the last personto come large one.
into the meeting. (CJ He didn't call the waiter.
(CJ She didn't think the meeting (D) He thinks the drink looks small.
would last long. 27.(A) Do some work in the yard.
(D) He thought she would be late. (B) Play softball.
23. (A) Who Marie is. (CJ Go to a bookstore.
(B) Where the newspaper is. (D) Buy some wood.
(CJ What picture was in the paper. 28. (AJ She didn't need to practice.
(D) Why Marie's picture appeared. (B) She was feeling much better.
24.(A) She knew the traffic would be (CJ She didn't belong to the choir
heavy. anymore.
(B) She was sure that the flight (D) She was too sick to go out.
would be late. 29. (A) She has no information about
. (CJ She told the man to leave ear- it.
lier. (B) There was an announcement
(D) She just returned from Boston about it on the radio.
herself. (CJ Someone told her about it.
25.(A) He's sorry it's going out of busi- (D) She read about it somewhere.
ness. 30.(A) He will stay at the Sherman Ho-
(B) He doesn't know when it's tel.
open. (BJ The Buckley House is prefer-
(CJ It has moved to another loca- able.
Lion. (CJ A decision must be made soon.
(D) It's not a very good restaurant. (D) He doesn't have to attend the
conference.

PART B
: This port of the test consists pf extended conversations
Directions between
two speakers. After each of these conversoltons there ore o number of questions.
You will hear each conversation and question only once, and the questions
ore not written out.
When you hove heard the questions, read the four answer choices and select
the one - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - that best answers the question based on what
rs: directly stated or on what con be inferred. Then fill in the space on your
answer sheet that matches the letter of_the answer that you hove .selected.

168 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice

 Don't forget: During actual exams, taking notes or writing in your test book
is not permitted.

31. (A) Go lo a meeting of the fencing 35. (A) Al the beginning.

club. (B) After three weeks.
(B) Walch a fencing match. (C) Around the middle.
(C) Review for an exam. (D) Near the end.
(D) Attend a physical education 36. (A) $40.
class. (B) $80.
32. (A) Speed. (C) $120.
(B) Concentration. (D) $160.
(C) Strength. 37. (A) If a student has written a note
(D) Agility. in it.
33. (A) Both are fast-moving sports. (B) If it was purchased at another
(B) Both depend on good tactics. store.
(C) Both .provide a lot of exercise. (C) If a professor decides to use an-
(D) Both require a lot of training. other text.
34. (A) Required textbooks. (D) If it is more than a year old.
(B) Used books.
(C) . Books on a "suggested read-
ings" list.
(D) Children's books.

PART C

Directions
: This part of the test consists of several talks, eoch given by a
single speaker. After ecch of these talks there are a number of questions.
You will hear each talk and question only once, and the questions are not.
written out.
When you have heard the question, read the four answer choices and select
"'e one - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - that best answers the question based on
who~ is d.irectly s.tated or on what can be inferred. Then fill in t~e space on
your answer sheet that matches the letter of the answer that you have
selected,

Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 169

 Here is. on example.
You will hear:

Now here is a sample question.

You will hear:

You will read:

(A) Philosophy
(B) Meteorology.
(C) Astronomy.
(D) Photography.

The lecture concerns a lunar eclipse, a topic. that would typically be

discussed in o_n astronomy class. Tpe choice that best answers the question
"In what course is the lecture probably being given?" (is) (C), "Astronomy."
You should fill in (C) on your answer sheet.
Sample Answer
@e
Here is another sample question.
You will hear:

You will read:

(A) The Earth's shadow moves across the Moon.
(B) Clouds block the view of the Moon.
(C) The Moon moves between the Earth and the Sun.
(D) The Sun can. be observed without special equipment.

from the lecture, you learn that a luncr eclipse occurs when the Earth
moves between the Sun and the Moon and the shadow of the Earth posses
ucross the Moon. The choice that best answers 'the question "According to
the speaker, which pl the following occurs during a lunar eclipse?" is (A),
"The Earth's shadow moves across the Moon." Don't forget: During actual
exams, toking notes or writing in your test book is not permitted.
Sample Answer
e@

t 70 - Peterson 's TOEFL Practice

8
38. (A) A professor. 45. (AJ Only engineering students.
(8) An archil turf' student. (B) Only young children.
(C) A professional architect. (C) Any Central State University stu-
(D) An interior designer. dent.
39. (A) Auto tires. (D) Anyone who wants to enter.
(BJ A solar-powered generator. 46. (A) Saturday at the commons.
(C) Straw and mud. (BJ Saturday on top of the Engineer-
(D) A water pump. ing Tower.
40. (A) Visited an Earlhship. (C) Sunday al the commons.
(B) Interviewed the inventor. (DJ Sunday at the stadium.
(C) Built an Earthship himself. 47. (AJ Potluck dinners.
(D) Read books about Earlhships. (BJ A Native American ceremony.
41. (A) A room in an Earthship, (C) Marriage customs.
(BJ A large Earthship. (DJ The economy of the Pacific
(C) A group of Earthships. Northwest.
(D) A small Earthship. 48. (AJ Only the Kwakiutl tribe.
42. (AJ A photograph. (BJ All Native American tribes.
(B) An architectural design. (C) Only tribes in British Columbia.
(C) An architectural model. (DJ All the tribes in the Pacific
(D) A book of plans. Northwest.
43, (A) Once. 49. (AJ To receive valuable gifts.
(BJ Twice. (BJ To celebrate his birthday.
(C) Three limes. (C) To improve his social position.
(D) Four limes. (D) To taste different dishes.
44. (AJ The heaviest kite. 50. (AJ They cost the host so much
(B) The kite with the most unusual money.
shape. (BJ The guests had to have pot-.
(C) The kite that flies the highest. . latches in tum.
(D) The funniest kite. (C) The guests brought money and
valuables.
(D) The host's children had to have
similar ceremonies.

THIS IS THE END Of SECTION I.

STOP WORK ON SECTION I.
DO NOT READ OR WORK ON .ANY OTHER SECTION Of THE TEST.
rr=>;
I
, STOP
\ \_ _ _J
Peterson 's TOEFL Practice - l 71
 Section 2
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
TIME - 25 MINUTES
cAu TRDc vA vAN VIET
THOI GIAN - 25 PHUT

This section rests your ability to recog-
nize grammar and usage suitable for
standard written English. It is divided
into two parts, each with its own ditec-
tions.
Section nay ki~m tra ban v'e kha nang nhan
biet ngu phap va each dung thich hep cho
van viet tieng Anh chufn, Section nay duce
chia thanh hai phan, moi phan c6 hirong
dan rieng.

STRUCTURE
Directions: Items in this port ore incomplete sentences. Following each of
these sentences, there are four words or phrases. You should select the
one word or phrase - (A), (B), (C), or (D} - that best completes the sentence.
Then fill in the space on your answer sheet that mote hes the letter of the
answer that you have selected.

Example I
Pepsin on enzyme used in digestion.
(A} that
(B) is
(C) of
(D) being
This sentence should properly read "Pepsin is on enzyme used in digestion."
You should fill in (B} on your answer sheet.

Sample Answer
@e@
t 72 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice
 Example II

large natural lakes are found in the state of South Carolina.

--------
(A) There are _no
(B) Not the
(C) It is not
(0) No
This sentence should properly read "No large natural lakes are found
in the state of South Carolina." You should fill in (0) on your answer sheet.
As soon as you understand the directions, begin work on this part.

Sample Answer
@

1. Indian summer is a period of mild

8 4. Most of the spices and many of the
weather during herbs ------ today origi-
the autumn. nate from plants native to tropical
(A) occurs regions.
(8) occurring (A) using
(C) it occurs (8) use of
(D) is occurring (C) in use
2. Bacteria may be round, _ (D) are used
or spiral. 5. many improve-
(A) rod shapes ments made to highways during the
(8) in the shape of rods nineteenth century, but Americans
(C) like a rod's shape continued to depend on water
(D) rod-shaped routes for transportation.
3. of his childhood home (A) Despite the
in Hannibal, Missouri, provided (8) There were
Mark Twain with the inspiration for (C) However
two of his most popular novels. (D) Though there were
(A) Remembering
(8) Memories
(C) It was the memories
(D) He remembered

Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 173

6. There are believed 10. get older, the games they
------
over 300 species of trees in El Yun- play become increasingly complex.
que rain forest in Puerto Rico. (A) Children '
(A) to be {B) Children, when they
(B) being (C) As children
(C) they are (D) For children to
(D) there are 11 . is the ancestor of
7. First performed in I 976, _ most types of domestic ducks is
(A) William Lane wrote the one- well documented.
character play The Belle of Am- (A) That the mallard
herst about the life of Emily (B) The mallard
Dickinson (C) Because the mallard
(9) the life of Emily Dickinson was (D) The mallard which
the subject of the one-character 12. Rarely last longer
play The Belle of Amherst by than an hour.
William Lane (A) do tomados
(C) William Lane's one-character (B) tomados
play The Belle of Amherst was (C) tomados that
about the life of Emily Dickinson (D) tomados do
(D) there was only one character
13. Adobe bricks tend to crumble if
in William Lane's play The Belle
to excessive mois-
of Amherst about the life of
ture or cold.
Emily Dickinson
(A) they expose
8. Minnesota's thousands of lakes
(B) exposed
over 4,000 square
(C) are exposed
miles.
(D) to be exposed
(A) that cover
14. play Alison's
(B) covering
(C) are covered
House, the author Susan Glaspell
(D) cover won a Pulitzer Prize in I 93 I.
9. Mushrooms have no vascular tissue, (A) Her
they reproduce by means of spores, (B) By her
and they chlorophyll. (C) It was her
(A) lack (D) For her
(B) no 15. type of insects
(C) without that pollinate plants.
(D) not have (A) Not only are the bees
(B) Bees are not the only
(C) Not. the only bees are
(D) Bees are not only the

174 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice

 WRITTEN EXPRESSION
Directions: The items in this part have four underlined words or phrases.
You must identify the one underlined expression - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - that
must be changed for the sentence to be correct. Then fill in the space on
your answer sheet that matches the letter of the answer that you have
selected.

Example I

Lenses moy to have either concave or convex shapes .

A B C D
This sentence should read "Lenses may have either concave or convex
shapes." You should therefore select answer (A).

Sample Answer
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Example II

When painting a fresco, an artist is applied paint directly to the damp

A 8 C
plaster of a wall .
D
This sentence should. read "When painting a fresco, an artist applies
paint directly to the wet plaster of o wall." You should therefore select answer
(B). As soon as you understand the directions, begin work on this part.

Sample Answer
@e@

16. Machines used to harvest

8
tree 17. An extended family consists
A
crops, such as cherries and al- not only of parents and children
B A B
monds, can be classified both as but aslo of others relatives, such
c c
shakers or as pickup machines. as grandparents and unmarried
D D
aunts and uncles.

Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 175

18. Draft horses are the tallest, most 24. Quinine, cinnamon, and other
A B .
powerful, and heavy group of useful substances are all derived
C D A B
horses. of the bark of trees.
C D

19 The sculptor John Rogers pro- 25. Although the social sciences
A
duced many replica of his different a great deal from
B C A B
bronze statues one another, they share a com-
D e
20. Archaeological sites are some- mon interest in human
A
times revealed when the relationships.
B D
construction of roads 26. Admiral Grace Hopper created the
c A
and buildin~. computer language COBOL,
D B
21. Acting teacher Stella Adler which is used primary for scientific
A c
_e!a ~ a pivotal role in the purposes.
B C D

dev~lop of the Method School of 27. Unlike competitive ~nning, race

D A
acting. walkers must always keep some
B
portion of their feet
22. Medical students must learning
A c
both the theory and the practice in contact with the ground.
B C D
of medicine. 28. Henry David Thoreau's book Wal-
D
23. The first recorded use of natural den: A life in the Woods is
A
gas !o lis):!! street lamps it was in a record of his simply existence
IJ C A B C

!_!~e town of Frederick, New York, in a cabin on Walden Pond.

D D

in 1825. 29. A promissory note is a

written agreement ~ a cer-

A B
lain sum of money at some
c
time future
D
176 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice
30. Mario Pei helped provide the 35. Harmonize, melody, and rhythm
A A B

world with a popular are important elements in most

B c
understand of linguistics. forms of music. '
C D D

31. Even though they are among 36. When babies. are around fifteen
A A
the smallest carnivores, weasels months old, they can pick up ob-
B s c
will attack . animals that are jects and put themselves into
c D
9ouble their size. small containers.
D
32. Wilson Alwyn Bentley was a Ver- 37. Loblolly pines, chiefly found in the
A
mont fam1er who !Ook over 6,000 Southeastern United States, has
A B B
close-up photographs of snow- strongwood used as lumber and
c 'c
flakes during the lifetime. for paper pulp.
. D D
33. New York City surpassed the other 38. All root vegetables grow under-
A A
Atlantic seaports in partly because ground, an<!not all vegetables that
B B
it developed the best transporta- grow underground are roots.
c C D
tion links with the interior of the 39. Tiny pygmy shrews breathe ten
D A
country. times as fast as humans beings.
B C D
34. All of mammals, dolphins are 40. Before diamonds can be used
A A
undoubtedly among the as jewels, they must be cut and
B C B C
friendliest to humans. polish.
D D

THIS IS THE END OF SECTION 2.

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE THE TIME LIMIT, CHECK YOUR WORK
ON SECTION 2 ONLY.
DO NOT READ OR WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE TEST.

Q
"c:.J Peterson 's TOEFL Practice - I 77
\ 78 - Peterson 's TOEFL practtcc
 Section 3
READING COMPREHENSION
TIME - 55 MINUTES
A?

DQC HIEU
THOI GIAN - 55 PHUT
This secrion of rhe test measures your Section nay cua bai thi kim tra ban ve
abiliry to comprehend written materials. kha nang hiu cac dean van.

Directions: This section contains several passages, each followed by a

number of questions. Read the passages and, for each question, choose
the one best answer - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - based on what is stated in the
passage or on what can be inferred from the passage. Then fill in the space
on your answer sheet that matches the letter of the answer that you have
selected.

Read the Following Passage

Like mammals, birds claim their own territories. A bird's territory may
be small or large. Some birds claim only their' nest and the area right
around it, while others claim far larger territories that include their
feeding areas. Gulls, penguins, and other waterfowl nest in huge colonies,
5 but even in the biggest colonies, each male and his mate have small
territories of their own immediately around their nests.
Male birds defend their territory chiefly against other males of the
same species. In some cases, a warning call or threatening pose may
be all the defense needed, but in other cases, intruders may refuse to
10 leave peacefully.

Example I
What is the main topic of this passage?
1(A) Birds that live in colonies
(B) Birds' mating habits

U (C) The behavior of birds

(D) T erriforiality in birds

Petersen's TOEFL Practice - 179

 The passage mainly concerns the territories of birds. You should fill in
(0) on your answer sheet.

Sample Answer
@
Example II

According to the passage, male birds defend their territory primarily against
(A) Female birds
(B) Birds of other species
(C) Males of their own species
(0) Mammals

The passage states that "Male birds defend their territory chiefly against
other males of the same species." You should fill in (C) on your answer
sheet. As soon as you understand the directions, begin work on this section.

Sample Answer
@e

QUESTIONS 1 - 12

Galaxies are not evenly distributed throughout the universe. A few are found
alone, hut almost all arc grouped in formations termed galactic clusters. These
formations should not he confused with stellar clusters, globular clusters of
stars that exist withina galaxy. The size of galactic clusters varies enormously,
5 with some clusters containing only a dozen or so members and ochers con-
taining as many as I 0,000. Moreover, 'galactic clusters themselves are pare
of larger clusters of clusters, termed superciustets. It is surmised that even
dusters ol superclusrers arc possible.
Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is part of a galactic cluster called the Local
10 Group, which has twenty members and is typical in terms of the types of
galaxies it contains. There are three large spiral galaxies: Andromeda, the
largest galaxy in the group; the Milky Way, the second-largest galaxy; and
the Triangulum Spiral, the third largest. There arc also four medium-sized

180 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice

 spiral galaxies, including the Large Cloud of Magellan and the Small Cloud
15 of Magellan. There are four regular elliptical galaxies; the remainder are
dwarf ellipticals. Other than our own galaxy, only Andromeda and the
Clouds of Magellan can be seen with the naked eye, and the Clouds are
visible only from the.Southern Hemisphere.
In the vicinity of the Local Group are several clusters, each containing
20 around twelve members. The nearest cluster rich in members is the Virgo
Cluster, which contains thousands of galaxies of all types. Like most large
clusters, it_ emits X rays. The Local Group, the small neighboring clusters,
and the Virgo Cluster form part of a much larger cluster of clusters - the
Local Supercluster.
25 The existence of galactic clusters presented a riddle to scientists for many
years - the "missing mass" problem. Clusters are presumably held together
by the gravity generated by their members, However, measurements showed
that the galaxies did not have enough mass to explain their apparent stability.
Why didn't these clusters disintegrate? It is now thought that galaxies contain
30 great amounts of "dark matter," which cannot be directly observed but which
generates gravitational pull. This matter includes gas, dust, burnt-out stars,
and even black holes.

1. Which of the following does the pas- 3. What conclusion can be made
sage mainly discuss? about galaxies that are not found in
(A) Clusters and superclusters of clusters?
galaxies (A) They. have never been ob-
(B) An astronomical problem that served.
has never been solved (B) They are larger than other gal-
(C) A recent development in as- axies.
tronomy (C) They are not actually galaxies
(D) The incredible distance be- but parts of galaxies.
tween galaxies (D) They are outnumbered by gal-
2. The word evenly in. line I is closest axies that do occur in clusters.
in meaning to 4. The word globular in line 3 is closest
(A) uniformly in meaning to
(B) predictably (A) immense
(C) relatively (B) spherical
(D) paradoxically (C) dense
(D) brilliant

Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 181

5. The author would probably charac- 9. Accord.ing to the passage, the Local
terize the existence of clusters of Group and the Virgo Cluster have
superclusters as which of the following in common?
(AJ impossible (AJ Both are rich in galaxies.
(BJ surprising (BJ Both emit X rays.
(CJ theoretical (CJ Both are part of the same su-
(D) certain percluster.
6. According to the passage, in what (D) Both are small clusters.
way is the. Local Group typical of 10. The word riddle in line 25 is closest
galactic clusters? in meaning to
(A) In its size (A) tool
(B) In the number of galaxies it con- (B) puzzle
tains (CJ theory
(CJ In its shape (D) clue
(D) In the types of galaxies that 11. Which of the following is NOTtrue
make it up about the "dark matter" mentioned
7. In the Local Group, which of the in line 30?
following types of galaxies are most (A) It is impossible to observe di-
numerous? rectly.
(AJ Large spirals (B) It may include black holes.
(B) Medium-sized spirals (CJ It helps explain the "missing
(CJ Regular ellipticals mass" problem.
(DJ Dwarf ellipticals (D) It is found in the space between
8. All of the following are visible from galaxies.
somewhere on Earth without a tele- 12. As used throughout the passage,
scope [)5.CEPT the word members refers to
(A) the Clouds of Magellan (A) stars
(B) Andromeda (B) galaxies
(CJ the Triangulum Spiral (CJ scientists
(D) the Milky Way (D) clusters

QUESTIONS 13 - 24
The Rom,111 alphal-ct took thousands of years to develop, from the picture
writing of the ancient Egvptiuns through modifications by Phoenicians,
Greeks, Romans, and others. Yet in just a dozen years, one man, Sequoyah,
invented an alphabet for the Cherokee people. Born in eastern Tennessee,
5 Sequoyah was a hunter and a silversmith 111 his youth, as well as an able
interpreter who knew Spanish, French, and English.

182 - Peterson 's TOEFL Practice

 Sequoyah wanted his people to have the secret of the "talking leaves,"
a, he culled the books of white people, and so he set out to design a written
form of Cherokee. His chief aim was to record his people's ancient tribal
10 customs. He began by designing pictographs for every word in the Cherokee
vocubularv. Reputedly his wife, angry at him for his neglect of garden and
house, burned his notes, and he had to start over. This time, having concluded
that picture-writing was cumbersome, he made symbols for the sounds of
the Cherokee language. Eventually he refined his system to eighty-five char-
15 uctcrs, which he borrowed from the Roman, Greek, and Hebrew alphabets.
He presented this system to the Cherokee General Council in 1821, and it
was wholeheartedly approved. The response was phenomenal. Cherokees
who had .-rruggled for months to learn English lettering in school picked up
the new system in days. Several hooks were printed in Cherokee, and in
20 1828, a newspaper, the Cherokee Phoenix, was first published in the new
alphabet. Sequoyah was acclaimed liy his people.
In his later life, Sequoyah dedicated himself to the general advancement
of his people. He went to Washington, D.C., as a rcprensetative of the
Western tribes. He helped settle hitter. differences among Cherokee after
25 their forced movement by the federal government to the Oklahoma territory
in the 1830s .. He died in Mexico in 1843 while searching for groups of lost
Cherokee. A statue of Sequoyah represents Oklahoma in the Statuary Hall
in the Capitol building in Washington, D.C. However, he is probably chiefly
rernernl-cred today because sequoias, the giant redwood trees of California,
30 are named for him.
13. The passage is mainly concerned 14. According to the passage, how long
with did it take to develop the Cherokee
(A) the development of the Roman alphabet?
alphabet (A) Twelve years
(B) the accomplishments of Se- (B) Twenty years
quoyah (CJ Eighty-five years
(CJ the pictographic system of writ- (D) Thousands of years
ing 15. There is NO indication in the passage
(D) Sequoyah's experiences in that, as a young man, Sequoyah
Mexico (A) served as an interpreter
(B) made things from silver
(CJ served as a representative in
Washington
(D). hunted game

Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 183

16. According to the passage, Se- 21 . The word wholeheartedlyin line 17
quoyah used the phrase talking is closest in meaning to
leaves (line 7) to refer to (A) unanimously
(A) redwood trees (B) enthusiastically
(B) books (C) immediately
(C) symbols for sounds (D) ultimately
(D) newspapers 22. According to the passage, a memo-
17. What was Sequoyah's main pur- rial statue of Sequoyah is located
pose in designing a Cherokee al- in
phabet? (A) Oklahoma
(A) To record Cherokee customs (B) Mexico
(B) To write books in Cherokee (C) Tennessee
(C) To write about his own life (D) Washington, D.C.
(D) To publish a newspaper 23. Why does the author mention the
18. The word cumbersome in line 13 giant redwood trees of California in
is closest in meaning to the passa~e?
(A) awkward (A) Sequoyah took his name from
(B) radical those trees.
(C) simplistic (B) The trees inspired Sequoyah to
(D) unfamiliar write a book.
19. In the final version of the Cherokee (C) Sequoyah was born in the vi-
alphabet system, each of the char- cinity of the redwood forest.
acters represents a (D) The trees were named in Se-
(A) word quoyah's honor.
(B) picture 24. The author begins to describe the
(C) sound Cherokees' reaction to the inven-
(D) thought tion of a written language in
20. All of the following were mentioned (A) lines 3 - 4
in the passage as alphabet systems (B) lines 9 - JO
that Sequoyah borrowed from EX- (C) lines 17 - 21
CEPT (D) lines 23 - 24
(A) Egyptian
(B) Roman
(C) Hebrew
(D) Greek

I 84 - Peterson 's TOEFL Practice

QUESTIONS 25 - 32
For a long time, amphibians were confused with reptiles. Like reptiles, they
have three-chambered hearts and are cold-Hooded. Some amphibians, such
as salamanders, arc even shaped like lizards. However, unlike reptiles, am-
phihians never have claws on their toes or scales on their bodies. Furthermore,
s the eggs of amphibians lack shells, so they must be laid in water or moist
places.
Amphibians were the first creatures to spend sizable amounts of their
lives on land. The larvae of most amphibians, such as frog -tadpoles, arc
horn with gills and live in water. However, their gills disappear as they
10 develop lungs. Most retain the ability to breathe through the moist surface
of their skin. This comes in handy when they hibernate in the bottom mud
of lakes and ponds during the coldest months. They take in the small amount
t>f oxygen they need through their skin. Some amphibians undergo what is
known as a "double metamorphosis," changing not only from gill breathers
15 co lung breathers hut also from vegetarians to insectivores.
Although the amphibian class is rather small in number of species, it
shows great diversity. There arc three major types. The caecilians of the
tropics arc long, legless, burrowing creatures. Caudate amphibians, such as
newts and salamanders, mostly have long tails and stubby legs. Salienrians,
20 which include both frogs and toads, arc tailless as adults and have powerful
hind legs. Toads differ from frogs primarily in that they have dry, warty skin.

25. The author's main purpose in writ-
ing the passage is to
(A) define and describe arnphibi-
ans
(B) contrast different types of am-
phibians
(C) trace the development of am-
phibians from larvae to adults
(D) explain how amphibians differ
from other creatures
26. According to the passage, which of
the following is NOT a characteristic
of amphibians"!
(A) They have three-chambered
hearts.
(B) They lay eggs without shells.
(C) They have claws on their toes.
(D) They are cold-blooded.
27. As used in line 4, the term scales
is closest to which of the following
in meaning?
(A) Devices used to measure
weight
(B) Plates covering the bodies of
certain animals
(C) Sounds made by various ani-
mals
(D) Proportions between different
sets of dimensions
Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 185
28. According to thr- passage, the term 30. All of the following are ldentifled in
double metamorphosis (line 14) re- the passage as amphibians EXCEPT
fers to the fact that amphibians (A) newts
(A) first breathe through their gills, (B) salamanders
then through their lungs, then (C) caecilians
through their skin {D) lizards
(B) change both the shape of their 31. The word stubby in line 19 is closest
bodies and the way in which they in meaning to
lay ei;rns (A) long and thin
(C) first live in the water, then on land, (B) undeveloped
then in mud in the bottom of (C) thick and short
ponds and lakes (D) powerful
(D) change both their methods of 32. In line 21, the word they refers to
breathing and their feeding habits (A) toads
29. It can be inferred from the passage (B) tails
that amphibians' ability to breathe (C) adults
through their skin is especially use- (D) frogs
ful during the
(A) summer
(B) fall
(C) winter
(D) spring

QUESTIONS 33 - 44

The first animated film, Humorous Phases of Funn:v Faces, was made in 1906
by newspaper illustrator James Blackron. He filmed faces that were drawn
on a blackboard in progressive stage,. In New York City, Winsor McCay
exhibited his most famous films, Little Netno ( 1910) and Gertie the Dinosaur
5 ( 1914). His films featured fluid motion and characters with individual per-
sonulirics. For the first time, characters drawn of lines seemed to live on the
screen. In 1914, John R. Bray streamlined the animation process, using
-asscmblv-linc techniques to turn out cartoons.
By 1915, film studios began producing cartoon series. The Pat Sullivan
10 studio produced the series featuring Felix the Cat. He became one of the
most beloved characters nf the silent-film era. The Max Fleischer studio
produced series starring Ko--Ko the Clown and, later, Betty Boop and Popeye.
The firvt cartoon with sound was Sreumhour \X/illie ( 1928), which intro-
duced Mickey Mouse. This film was produced by Walt Disney, the most
15 famous of American animators. His early success enabled Disney to train

186 - Peterson 's TOEFL Practice

 his animators in anatomy, acting, drawing, and motion studies. The results
of this an: apparent in Snou \'i.'hite und the Sev;lt Dwarfs (1937), the first
full-length animated feature. It became an instant success, and still remains
popular. Other important Disney films followed.
20 Warner Brothers' studio challenged Disney for leadership in the field with
cartoons starring Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, and either characters. These films
were taster-paced and featured slapstick humor. In the 1950s,- a group of
animators splintered off from Disney and formed United Production of America,
which rejected Disney's realism and employed a hold, modernistic approach.
25 In the 1950s, children's cartoons began to he broadcast on Saturday
morning television and, later, in prime time. Among the most successful
were those made by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, such as those
ti.. aturing Yogi Bear and the Flintstones.
The full-length animated film became popular again in the l 980s and
30 '90s. Producer Steven Spielberg released his first animated film, An American
T ui/ ( 1986). and Disney began a series of remarkable annual hits with The
Liule MamuiJ (1989). W'ho Frumed Roger l<.ubhit? (1988), a joint production
of Spicll-crg and Disney, blurred the lines between live action and animation.
Animation returned to prime-time television with the Fox Network's The
35 Siin/rnms. Animators h.acl experimented with computer animation as early
as the 1950s, hut Tov Swry (1995) was the first full-length film to be entirely
computer animated. These developments promise to bring about the most
exciting era in animation since its heyday.
33. What does the passage mainly dis- 35. The word streamlined in line
cuss? closest in meaning to
(A) the history of animated film (A) simplified
(B) the life of Walt Disney (B) revolutionized
(C) the development of one ani- (C) bypassed
mated cartoon (D) invented
(D) the use of computers in animation 36. The word he in.line JO refers to
34, It can be inferred from the passage {A) Pat Sullivan
that the characters in Lillie Nemo (B) Felix the Cat
and Gertie the Dinosaur (C) Max Fleischer
(A) were first drawn on a blackboard (D) K<:> Ko the Clown
(B) were part of a cartoon series
(C) seemed to have their own per-
sonalities
(D} did not look as lifelike as Black-
ton's characters

Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 187

37. What can be inferred from the pas- 41 . The phrase blurred the lines in line
sage about animated films pro- 33 is closest in meaning to
duced before 1928? (A) eliminated the distinctions
(A) They were not very popular. (B) obscured the issues
(B) They were longer than later
(C) answered the questions
movies.
(D) emphasized the problems
(C) They were not drawn by hand.
42. The first experiments with com-
(D) They were silent films.
puter animation took place during
38. According to the passage, the film
the
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
(A) 1950s
(A) showed the benefits of training
the Disney animators (B) 1960s
(B) was the first movie produced by (C) 1980s
Walt Disney (D) 1990s
(C) was the last movie Disney made 43. Which of the following is closest in
before his death meaning to the word heyday in line
(D) did not become successful until 38?
many years later (A) Beginning
39. The phrase splintered off from in (B) Decline
line 24 is closest in meaning to (C) Prime
(A) competed with (D) Rebirth
(B) broke away from 44. Where in the passage does the
(C) merged with
author first mention animation on
(D) released from
television?
40. The author does NOT specifically
(A) Line 9
mention characters produced by
(B) Lines 13 - 14
(A) Walt Disney
(B) Hanna and Barbera (C) Lines 25 - 26

(C) United Productions of America (D) Lines 34 - 35

(D) Warner Brothers

QUESTIONS 45 - 50
Fog is a cloud in contact. with or just above the surface of land or sea. It
can be a major environmental hazard. Fog on highways can cause chain-re-
action accidents involving dozens of cars. Delays and shutdowns at airports
can cause economic losses to airlines and inconvenience to thousands of
s travelers. Fog at sea has always been a danger to navigation. Today, with
supertankers carrying vast quantities of oil, fog increases the possibility of
catastrophic oil spills.
The most common type of fog, radiation fog, forms at night, when moist
air near the ground loses warmth through radiation on a clear night. This
188 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice
 10 type of fog often occurs in valleys, such as California's San Joaquin Valley.
Another common type, advection fog, results from the movement of warm,
wet air over cold ground. The air loses temperature to the ground and
condensation sets in. This type of fog often occurs along the California coast
and the shores of the Great Lakes. Advection fog also forms when air
15 associated with a warm ocean current blows across the surface of .-1 cold
current. The thick fogs of the Grand Banks off Newfoundland, Canada, an:
largely of this origin, hecause here the Labrador Current comes in contact
with the warm Gulf Stream.
Two other types of fog are somewhat more unusual. Frontal fog occurs
20 when two fronts 'of different temperatures meet, and rain from the warm
front falls into the colder one, saturating the air. Steam fog appears when
cold air picks up moisture hy moving over warmer water.
45. The first paragraph focuses on 48. It can be inferred from the passage
which aspect of fog? that the Labrador Current is
(A) its dangers (A) cold
(B) its composition (B) weak
(C) its beauty (C) polluted
(D) its causes (D) warm
46. The word catastrophic in line 7 is 49. The authororganizes the discussion
closest in meaning to of the different types of fog accord-
(A) accidental ing to
(B) inevitable (A) their geographic locations
(C) unexpected (B) their relative density
(D) disastrous (C) the types of problems they cause
47. According to the article, fog that oc- (D) their relative frequency
curs along the California coast is 50. The author of the passage is prob-
generally ably an expert in the field of
(A) radiation fog (A) physics
(B) advection fog (B) economics
(C) frontal fog' (C) transportation
(D) steam fog (D) meteorology
THIS IS THE END OF SECTION 3.
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE THE TIME LIMIT, CHECK YOUR WORK
ON SECTION 3 ONLY.
DO NOT READ OR WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE TEST.

G\
~ Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 189