MATH110 Homework 8 & 9

Taylor Tam

Outline
HW 8
Section 2.4: Invertibility and Isomorphisms
Notes
Problems: #1, 2(b)(d)(f), 3, 4-5, 6, 7, 9, 13-15, 17, 19
Know the bolded questions - these are fundamental results
HW 9
Section 2.5: Change of Coordinate Matrix
Notes
Problems: #1, 2(b)(c), 3(b)(d)(f), 4, 5, 6(b)(d), 9, 10
Challenge Problem: #7

Section 2.4: Invertibility and Isomorphisms

Notes
Notes from Larson:
To determine inverse of matrix Ann : use Augmented Gauss Jordan Elimination. [Ann : Inn ]
Inverse of a 2 2 matrix: described on page 77. Given:
   
a b d b
A= , A1 = 1
c d adbc c a

Notes from Friedberg:

Inverse: Let U : W V . A function is an inverse of T if T U = Iw and U T = Iv .
Invertible: Describes whether or not T has an inverse.
Properties of invertible functions T and U :
(T U )1 = U 1 T 1
(T 1 )1 = T ; Note that T 1 is also invertible
Given finite dimensional spaces of equal dimension V & W , T : V W is invertible if and only
if rank(T ) = dim(V ).
Theorem 2.17: Let V and W be vector spaces and T : V W be linear and invertible. Then
T 1 : V W is linear.
Invertible Matrix: A matrix A is invertible if n n matrix B such that AB = BA = I.
Lemma: Let T : V W be an invertible linear transformation. Then V is finite-dimensional if and
only if W is finite-dimensional. In this case, dim(V ) = dim(W ).

1
 Theorem 2.18: Define V and W as finite-dimensional vectors spaces with ordered bases and

respectively, and T : V W a linear transormation. Then T is invertible if and only if [T ] is
1
invertible. Furthermore, [T1 ] = ([T ] )
Corollary 1: Define V as a finite-dimensional vector space with an ordered basis , a linear
T : V V . ThenT is invertible if and only if [T ] is invertible. Furthermore, [T 1 ] = ([T ] )1 .
Corollary 2: Let A be a n n matrix. Then A is invertible if and only if LA is invertible.
Furthermore, (LA )1 = LA1 .
Isomorphism: If V and W are two vector spaces, V is isomorphic to W if there exists a linear
transformation T : V W that is invertible. Such a linear transformation is called an isomorphism
from V to W .
Theorem 2.19: Let V and W be finite-dimensional vector space (over the same field), Then V is
isomorphic to W if and only if dim(V ) = dim(W ).
Corollary 1: Let V be a vector space over F . Then V is isomorphic to F n if and only if dim(V ) = n.

Theorem 2.20: Let V and W be finite-dimensional vector spaces over F of dimensions n and m,
respectively, and let and be ordered bases for V and W respectively. Then the function

: L(V, W ) Mmn (F ), defined by (T ) = [T ] for T L(V, W ), is an isomorphism.
Corollary: Let V and W be finite-dimensional vector spaces of dimensions in n and m, respectively.
Then L(V, W ) is finite-dimensional of dimension mn.

Standard Representation V with respect to : the function : V F n defined by

(x) = [x] for each x V .
Theorem 2.21: For any finite-dimensional vector space V with an ordered basis , is an
isomorphism.

Problems
#1, 2(b)(d)(f), 3, 4-5, 6, 7, 9, 13-15, 17, 19

#1
(a)

(b)

(c)

2
#2(b)(d)(f )
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#9
#13
#14
#15
#17
#19

Section 2.5: Change of Coordinate Matrix

Notes
Larson Notes:

Figure 1: Friedberg uses Q and Q1 instead of P and P 1

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Friedberg Notes:
Theorem 2.22: Define and 0 as two ordered bases for a finite-dimensional vector space V and let

Q = [IV ] , then: a) Q is invertible, b) For any v V , [v] = Q[v] 0 .
Linear Operator: Linear Transformations that map a vector space onto itself

Theorem 2.23: Given the definitions in 2.22, [T ] 0 = Q1 [T ] Q.

Corollary: Let A Mnn (F ), and let be an ordered basis for F n . Then [LA ] = Q1 AQ, where
Q is the n n matrix whose jth column is the jth vector of .
Similarity: Matrix B is similar to A if Q such that B = Q1 AQ.

Problems
#1, 2(b)(c), 3(b)(d)(f), 4, 5, 6(b)(d), 9, 10

#1
(a)

(b)

(c)

#2(b)(c)
#3(b)(d)(f )
#4
#5
#6(b)(d)
#9
#10

Challenge Problem
#7