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Componentes del Sistema Common Rail

Seminario Diesel Mecnico

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Centro de Capacitacin Tcnica Automotriz

.Nombre:______________________________________

Fecha: _____ a ____/_____/________

Local: __________________________

Ciudad:__________________________Pas:__________________

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Motor Cummins ISBe 150

Tiempo de inyeccin
Presin de inyeccin
Volumen de inyeccin

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Motor diesel
Ciclo de Trabajo del Motor Diesel de Cuatro Tiempos

Admisin Compresin Expansin/Trabajo Escape

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Componentes bsicos del Sistema Common Rail

Qu es el Sistema Common Rail?

Se trata de un sistema de inyeccin de alta presin


modulada gestionada electrnicamente, capaz de
generar volumen y la presin independiente de la
rotacin del motor de acuerdo con su rgimen de
trabajo.

Esta alta presin de inyeccin se almacenarn en


una galera llamada Rail.

Este sistema de alta presin de inyeccin diesel


fue desarrollado por Robert Bosch
en 1997, con el fin de satisfacer las rigurosas
normas de emisin para los vehculos
con motores diesel.

El sistema "Common Rail" sirve muy eficazmente a


1-Bomba de alta presin,
las necesidades del mercado,
2-Tubera de alta presin,
que son:
3-Galera comn ( Rail),
Reduccin del consumo de combustible, 4-Inyectores,
Menos contaminantes en los gases de escape, 5-Mdulo,
Funcionamiento cada vez ms silencioso, 6-Vlvula limitadora de presin,
Aumento de la eficiencia del motor y 7- Sensores e
Aumentar la durabilidad de los motores. 8- Actuadores.

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Bombas de Alta Presin tipo CP.


CP1

Finalidad: Controlar la presin del combustible


en el Rail, travs de su CP1- H
capacidad volumtrica.

Tipos ya existentes: CP1, CP1- H, CP2, CP3.x,


CP4.x y CP5.
CP3.x
Aplicacin: La bomba CP eres desarrollada para
las aplicaciones de los
motores, considerando su capacidad
volumtrica que varan de 120 a 220 l/h), CP2
Generando presiones de trabajo en el sistema
de 1400,1600, 1800, 2000 y 2500 bar. De
acuerdo con la aplicacin.

CP4.2

CP5

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mbito de aplicacin.

2500 CP5
Presin en el sistema. [bar]

2000

CP4
1800

Familia CP3.x
presin mxima
2000bar
1600

CP1H
1350

CP1

Automotive Aftermarket Potencia del Motor.

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Bombas de Alta Presin tipo CP1


Tarjeta de Identificacin de la Bomba de Alta Presin.
K - Compacta

555 BOSCH
0 445 010 004
C R / C P 1 K 3 / L 60 / 10 - 6 S
L
86 01062
1 A 668 070 02 01
PH 0002
S - Standar
CR = Sistema Common Rail.
CP = Bomba de alta presin para sistemas Common Rail Tipos
(CP 1, CP 2, CP3.X y CP4.x).
K= Compacta sin vlvula reguladora de presin con 3 pistones.
S= Standar con vlvula gobernadora de presin.
L, R = Direccin de la rotacin (L=izquierda R=derecha.).
60 = mm/U caudal terico total.
10 = Tamao: (10=CP1, 20=CP2 y 30=CP3.x).
6= Componentes auxiliares.
S= Produccin en serie.
V= Pruebas de ingeniera.

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Componentes auxiliares utilizados em Bombas de Alta Presin CPs

1 = Vlvula reguladora de presin - DRV.


2 = Sensor de presin - RDS.
3 = Vlvula limitadora de presin.
4 = Restrictor (limitar el flujo).
5 = Sensor de rotacin y fase N.D.R. DZG.
6 = Vlvula de desconexin del elemento EAV.
7 = Bomba Alimentadora de rueda dentada - ZP.
8 = Vlvula KV.
9 = Vlvula reguladora de presin M-Prop.
10 = Vlvula reguladora de caudal.
11 = Sensor de temperatura del combusible.

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Bomba de Alta Presin tipo CP 1 Standard.

Valvula EAV

Valvula DRV

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Vlvula Reguladora de Presin DRV.

Filtro de 5 micrones

Cuando no hay alimentacin elctrica, la vlvula DRV adopta la posicin abierta


mientras la presin en el Rail sea mayor que 0,6 MPa (60 bar).
La vlvula DRV es activada con un seal elctrico PWM de 12V y con
una frequncia de aproximadamente 1kHz.(1000Hz).

Faltando alimentacin elctrica en la vlvula DRV el motor para inmediatamente debido a


sbta prdida de presin del Rail.

Si haya obstruo en el filtro de la vlvula DRV ocurrir alta presin en el Rail, el motor
para inmediatamente o no entrar en funcionamiento.

Resistencia elctrica de la DRV 2,6 Ohms + - 10%


( 2,4 a 2,8 Ohms )

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Vlvula de desconexin del elemento EAV.

La vlvula de desconexin del elemento se encuentra en


uno de los 3 elementos de la bomba de alta presin.

Su funcin es disminuir el volumen de entrega de la


bomba de alta presin en un tercio.

Cuando la vlvula EAV es energizada por el mdulo, su


eje mantiene la vlvula de admisin de la bomba de alta
presin abierta permitiendo que el combustible en el
cilindro regrese a lnea de admisin.

Hay dos situaciones en que se activa la vlvula EAV. Que


son:
1- Bajar la capacidad volumtrica de la bomba en ralenti.
2- Bajar la capacidad volumtrica de la bomba cuando la
temperatura del combustible supera valores igual mayor
que 120 grados. El objetivo es bajar la temperatura del
combustible.

Tensin de alimentacin de 12 V y 0,5 A.


Resistencia elctrica de 24 +/- 2 Ohms

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Bomba de Alta Presin tipo CP3.x.


Vlvula KV.

Dimetros y cursos de los pistns.


CP 3.1 6,5 mm mbolo 5,1 mm curso Especificaciones de la Vlvula M-Prop
CP 3.2 7,5 mm mbolo 6,8 mm curso
CP 3.3 7,5 mm mbolo 8,2 mm curso Tensin de alimentacin = de 8 a 32V.
CP 3.4 7,5 mm mbolo 9,5 mm curso frecuencia = 120 ... 200 Hz.
CP 3.5 7,5 mm mbolo 12 mm curso Resistencia = 2,60 ... 3,15 Ohms

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Detalles del pistn de la vlvula M-Prop.

Posicin de la
Pistn ranura para
caudal mximo

Entrada Entrada

Posicin de la
ranura para
Ranura de alimentacin.
caudal minimo
Salida

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Etapas de trabajo de la vlvula KV.

Cuerpo de la vlvula KV Lubricacin

Combustble

CP3.x

Pistn de la vlvula KV Agujero para lubricacin

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Presin
Lubricacin

Tiempo

Combustble

CP3.x

Ranura para lubricacin


Agujero para
lubricacin

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Lubricacin

Combustible

CP3.x
Retorna para la
bomba de engrenaje Agujero para lubricacin

Ranura para lubricacin

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Lubricacin

Combustvel

CP3.x

Retorna para la
bomba de engrenaje Agujero para lubricacin

Ranura para lubricacin

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CP3.x Bomba de alta presin: diagrama hidrulico


Eliminacin de aire y lubricacin Caudal nulo Lubricacin

Flujo de alta presin Reflujo Alimentacin

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Bomba de Alta Presin tipo CP1- H


Vlvula KV.

Entrada
Filtro

Salida
Vlvula M-Prop

Cabezal

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Bomba de Alta Presin tipo CP4.1

DRV 3.2

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Circuito de Baja Presin Aplicacin Mercedes Benz con Bomba de Alta Presin tipo CP1

10 2

1 A = Entrada de combustible
B = Presin de alimentacin
C = Alta presin
9
D = Retorno
3
8

1 = Vlvula reguladora de presin


7 2 = Rail
3 = Bomba de alta presin
6 4 = Filtro combustible
5 = Radiador para combustible
4 6 = Pr-calentamiento
5 7 = Bomba de pr-alimentacin
8 = Vlvula de desconexin
9 = Inyeccin
10 = Sensor de presin del Raill

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Circuito de Baja Presin Filtro de Combustible

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Bomba de combustble - tipo de engranaje (ZP).

Este tipo de bomba de pr-alimentacin


es accionada por la rbol de levas del
motor.
Bomba elctrica de combustble EKP.
Su funcin es succionar el combustible del
tanque hasta la bomba de alta presin. Especificaciones Tcnicas:
La presin de alimentacin cambia de
acuerdo con el regime de trabajo del Conexin de tensin de 12 o 24V.
motor. Tiene una capacidad de volumen de 160 o 180 l / h.
Por ejemplo: La presin mxima de 5,0 a 6,0 bar.
Partida - presin de 0,4 a 1,5 bar NOTA: La presin de trabajo de la potencia de la bomba,
Ralenti - presin de 2,0 a 2,5 bar depende de la necesidad de baja presin del sistema
Potencia mxima - presin de 3,0 a 4,0 implementado en el vehculo.
bar.

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Bomba de Alta Presin tipo CP1 con Vlvula DRV y Bomba Alimentadora Elctrica (EKP).

Relacin de los componentes

1-Bomba elctrica
2-Filtro de combustible
3-Vlvula de sobrecarga
4-Colector de retorno
5-Bomba de alta presin CP1
6-Vlvula DRV
7-Sensor de presin del RAIL
8-RAIL
9-Inyectores
10-EDC 15C - Caja de mando
11-Sensor de temperatura
12-Otros censores

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Circuito de Baja Presin - NKW

1- Tanque de combustible
2- Bomba de combustible elctrica
3- Bomba de combustible de engranaje
4- Filtro de combustible
5- Conexin de alimentacin
6- Retorno

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Circuito de Baja Presin - NKW

1- Tanque de combustible
2- Pr-filtro
3- Serpentn para el intercambio de calor
4- Bomba de combustible de engranaje
5- Filtro de combustible
6- Retorno
7- Conexin de salida da bomba de alta presin

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Circuito de Baja Presin - NKW

1- Tanque de combustible
2- Bomba elctrica de combustible
3- Filtro de combustible
4- Bomba de combustible de engranaje
5- Retorno
6- Coneccin de salida de la bomba de alta presin

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Filtro de combustble

Para proteger el motor el, medio ambiente y sistema de Inyeccion, la Bosch ha


desarrollado filtros separadores de alta tecnologa, con vasos de papel especial y
la sedimentacin de alta resistencia transparente. Mira!

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Bomba de combustble tipo de engrenaje (ZP).

La bomba alimentadora es accionada por el eje de la bomba de alta presin.


Su funcin es succionar el combustble del tanque hasta la bomba de alta
presin.
La presin de alimentacin cambia de acuerdo con el regime de trabajo del
motor.
Por ejemplo:
Partida - presin de 1,2 a 2,4 bar
Ralenti - presin de 3,0 a 3,5 bar
Potencia mxima - presin de 4,0 a 5,0 bar.

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Componentes del Sistema Common Rail

Rail
Lnea comn de alimentacin para todos los inyectores, por esta razn se llama "Common Rail.

Funcin:
El almacenamiento de combustible a alta presin.

Aun cuando grandes cantidades de combustible se extraen, la presin interna se mantiene casi constante.
Mejor presin de inyeccin.
Amortiguamiento de las ondas de presin.

Conceptos : WFRs (Warm Forged Rails)


LWRs (Laser Welded Rails)

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Componentes del Sistema Common Rail
Acumulador de Alta Presin - Rail
1 = Rail
2 = Entrada de alimentacin de la Bomba de
alta presin
3 = Sensor de presin del Rail
4 = Vlvula limitadora de presin del Rail
5 = Retorno para el tanque
6 = Restrictor (limitadora de flujo)
7 = Salida para el inyector

El restrictor tiene que cerrar el Rail, cuando tuber una mala vedacin o un tubo roto (NKW).

La vlvula de alivio de presin (DBV), limita la presin del combustible en el Rail mecnicamente hasta un
valor mximo, que depende de la generacin del sistema Common Rail.

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Tipos de inyectores Common Rail

CRI

CRIN

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Conjunto Inyector CRS.

Pre-inyeccin y la inyeccin principal

Para realizar el trabajo de inyeccin la bobina magntica del


inyector recibe del mdulo, una frecuencia de picos de alta
tensin (80 V) y la corriente elctrica de 20 amperios.

Las personas que usan marcapasos no se aproximaran a


motor.

La responsabilidad de generar esos valores son los


condensadores que estn dentro de la unidad de control.

El sobrecalentamiento de la unidad de mando, debido a la


carga y descarga de los condensadores, el mdulo se fije en
un local de refrigeracin del motor que se produce.

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Constructivo cambios de los inyectores CRI e CRIN.

Buje guia

Sentido de la fuerza

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no 1.6 kbar
or
et

On-Signal
R

1.4
A-

1.2 Current (magnet)

1.0 Armature lift


4.3

0.8 Control chamber pressure


Alta presin.
(Rail) 0.6

0.4
Nozzle needle lift
Retorno
0.2

4
0.0 Injection rate

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 ms


2

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Ejemplos de valores de medidas

Cantidad de Inyeccin juego del Aguja Dimetro del


1.4 0.8 mm 3 0.0023 estrangulador
0.0003 mm 0.2375 mm

Carrera del
Diferencia de inducido Fenda de Aire
Angulo 0.050 0.065
0.545 0.325 0.002 mm 0.010 mm

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Verificacin y ajuste de la fuerza del


resorte de la vlvula despus del cambio
de:
Solenoide Vlvula del inducido
Resorte Asiento de esfera

Verificacin y ajuste del


Verificacin y ajuste del air curso del inducido despus
gap despus del cambio de: del cambio de:
Solenoide Piezas del grupo
Cuerpo del inyector magntico
Piezas del grupo magntico

Verificacin y ajuste del


Verificacin y ajuste de la curso del inducido despus
fuerza del resorte de Ralenti de cambiar:
despus de cambiar: Piezas del grupo
Cuerpo del inyector magntico
Resortes Conjunto de vlvula
DGV-Sleeve Asiento de esfera

Verificacin y ajuste del curso


de aguja despus de cambiar:
Cuerpo de inyector
Conjunto de vlvula

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Reparacin de Inyectores CRI CRIN

Fase 2
(Sello de alta presin)

Fase 1 (tobera)

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Pasos de reparacin de los inyectores CRS

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EPS 200 Probador de inyectores mecnicos y electrnicos.

Inyectores mecnicos de doble resorte.

Inyectores mecnicos de uno resorte.

Inyectores mecnicos STH.

Inyectores Common Rail CRI y CRIN.

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Banco de Prueba EPS 815 con KIT CRS 846


Probar inyectores Common Rail CRI y CRIN.

Inyectores CRS CRI.

Inyectores CRS CRIN.

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Dispositivo
Dispositivo de
de aperto
aperto Control electrnico y
yy torqumetro
Equipos
Equipos necesarios
necesarios para
para la
la 3 etapa Control electrnico y
3 etapa
torqumetro neumtico
neumtico -- medicin
medicin AH
AH

Maleta
Maleta de
de piezas
piezas selectivas
selectivas
Medidor
Medidor Digital
Digital

Disp.
Disp. Medicin
Medicin
Software
Software

Adaptadores
Adaptadores
Soporte
Soporte de
de montaje
montaje

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Inyector Common Rail accionado por actuador piezoelctrico


conector El elemento piezo se alarga : 0,0045 mm .

La unidad lo suministro combustible


comanda con una
tensin variable ( alta presin )
comprendida
entre 110V y 148 V .

membrana
resorte retorno combustible

conecciones elctricas
aguja de tobera
actuador Piezo
acoplador hidrulico

platina reductora
El inyector piezoelctrico reduce al mnimo la demora entre la activacin electrnica y la entrega mecnica de combustible, desde 0.4
ms, para un inyector convencional, a 0.1 ms para los primeros. Esto se debe a que el tiempo de respuesta del actuador piezoelctrico
es menor de 150 s.
3 reneracin Common Rail ( CRI 3.0 1600bar, CRI 3.2 1800bar y CRI3.3 2000bar).

Automotive Aftermarket
44 AA-DG/MKA-LA | 20/6/2012 | Robert Bosch Ltda 2012. Reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights
of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties
Componentes del Sistema Common Rail

Automotive Aftermarket
45 AA-DG/MKA-LA | 20/6/2012 | Robert Bosch Ltda 2012. Reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights
of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties

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