Dang Tran

ETM 525 Homework 1

Review questions:

1. CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) can be defined as the effective utilization of computers
in manufacturing.

2. Rapid prototyping, Nanotechnologies.

3. The current trend indicates that society transformed from few industrial products for few
people at high price to abundant products for everybody at low price. Demand for industrial
product grew fast, mass-production techniques were developed. Low product cost led to higher
demand.

4. Direct application: Numerical-Control (NC) machine tools, robotic, manufacturing systems

control (such as flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) and automated manufacturing cells)
Indirect applications: computer-aided facility planning and design, scheduling, manufacturing
resource planning (MRP-II), enterprise resource planning (ERP), computer-aided process
planning (CAPP), and computer-assisted part programming.

5. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reflects the standard of living in an industrial country through
the value of all the goods and services rendered by the nation in a calendar year. Historically, US
GDP in manufacturing represents 16.2% of the entire US GDP in 1996. Manufacturing employed
36% of the working population and produced about the same percentage of GDP as now. To
maintain the standard of living, manufacturing continues to improve in technology while
balancing with low cost labor and lower prices as demand increases.

6. Manufacturing jobs will not always follow lower cost of labor because lower cost of labor can
often associate with lower product quality. There has to be a balance between low-cost labor
and development of new technology in order to compete in the global market and maintain the
standard of living.

7. In order to stay competitive in the global market, both developed and developing countries have
to adopt CAM in order to heighten their competitiveness and standard of livings.
Dang Tran

ETM 525 Homework 2

Review Questions:

2.1. (1) Design conceptualization: brainstorming ideas

(2) Design Synthesis: brainstorming ideas

(3) Design analysis: e.g. stress analysis

(4) Design evaluation: determine dimensions, tolerances, etc.

(5) design representation: prototype, model to be know what product will be like before
manufacturing

2.2. Mostly conceptual. Like Leonardo da Vincis sketch in figure 2.2

2.3. gauges, oscilloscope, X-ray, etc.

2.4. Can be due to inherent errors in the measuring instrument, errors in the master gauge used to
set the instrument, temperature, linear expansion and human errors

2.5. to lengthen products life, its functionality, appearance, safety of the product, and heat transfer.

2.6. Root mean square deviation is used to measure the difference between values (sample and
population values)

2.7. 1x10-6 inch or 0.000001 inch

2.8. die cast < cold roll <Cold Drawn < Hot Rolled < Plaster cast

2.9. Statistical Quality Control is an analytical tool that can be used to evaluate machines, material,
and processes by observing their performance and variations so that comparisons and reductions may
be made to control the desired level of quality.

2.10. Standard deviation is measurement that tells how much an individual item may deviate from the
expected mean.

2.11. Its a symmetrical bell shaped curve mostly used distribution in statistics.

2.12. In order to control quality, it is desirable to plot the range of successive samples. That way, the
study of these measurements can determine the ability of the operator or equipment to produce the
product within the desired specifications.

2.13. Because chance failures are failures that take place during products life due to chance
(inadequate maintenance, acts of god, etc.) which is relatively low if there is adequate care. Meanwhile,
Failure rate is plotted against time because Infant mortality and misuse has a big impact at the
beginning. Afterwards, with constant usage and maintenance, failure rate is low and near the end of the
products life, wear-out takes place.

2.14.