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It is very imperative to see the CDM in the wider, broader global context of international
climate change negotiations and emissions trading. Any actions or steps to enhance CDM
capacity, ability and competence should be based on the latest available knowledge and look
toward the future and beyond 2012. Instead of stringently limiting the actions of CDM the
researcher is of the opinion that other pertinent mechanism such as voluntary carbon market and
REDD should be looked upon or considered. Within the Kenyan context, wider issues related or
correlated to climate change and sustainable development should be well thought-out when
planning for CDM capacity building.
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The researcher also expresses the feelings that CDM should clearly be rooted or
embedded in policy dialogues on rural developments, land-use, and landownership,
energy policy, forestry issues and soon on. Recent international discussion on food
security and biofuels is a good example of CDM linkage to other important development
issues. To the extent possible CDM should be looked within the frame of the two
countries commitment and visions of dealing with emission of greenhouse gases. On the
other hand, the researcher also suggests wider participation in the planning and
implementation of CDM capacity building activities should be encouraged by the two
countries and by the other developing countries too. There are lots of entities that can be
carried along to make it a successful mission, for example Public sector officials,
entrepreneurs, academia, NGOs, provisional and district level authorities, etc. Must be
able to participate not only in the training its self but also in the planning and execution
of the training activities. http://www.modainnovations.com

Examples of successful and unsuccessful projects from other developing countries could
be used as realistic or practical cases for training. Countries such as India and South Africa that
have been able to utilize CDM widely could provide useful elements for the capacity building
programme to Kenya and other African countries. All actions or activities should be planned
taking into consideration or explanation or other climate change related projects and programmes

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being implemented in Kenya or in the region. Kenya is far behind India in the successful rate,
cleared CDM projects and the public awareness of the Mechanism. So joining forces between
different relevant countries like India than purely Kenyan approach is the need of the hour.

Strengthening of the CDM Office

In Kenya, it is very clear that the existing structure of the DNA where the National
Climate Change Focal Point is alone in charge of the entire climate change related
activities and the NCCACC and the technical working groups sustain her on an
unplanned basis is not sufficient. In India, a scenario is different in such a manner that
NCDMA is a fully fledged department with a well structured structure and its
composition. The researcher suggests that at least 2-4 persons working fulltime with
CDM would be ideal for Kenyan CDM office. This composition should be
multidisciplinary and the persons could have background for instance on energy,
forestory, business and legal/international issues. The CDM office would be in charge of,
among other things: http://www.modainnovations.com

Advising potential CDM developers in technical issues in both countries

Acting as a secretariat for the National CDM Clearing House
Promoting and developing CDM within Kenya and Kenyan CDM opportunities abroad
Maintaining the CDM project Database and CDM Website which is a very successful
case in Indian scenario.
promoting Indian CDM opportunities abroad as it has done a great deal within India or
nationally.
Being involved or Participating in the international negotiations relevant to CDM
The researcher also feels that if there was a need of an optional structure, It would be a climate
change office with a strong capability to deal with CDM issues. The climate change office should
have at least 4-7 persons and it could be planned and structured along the lines of the current
Technical Working Groups ranging from the following: adaption, mitigation options, cross
cutting issues(training, education and public awareness), and GHG inventory. The persons in
charge of CDM in both countries could most obviously combine their work with the fields of
mitigation options and crosscutting issues. Comprehensible roles and responsibilities within the

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climate change office would be needed. From the CDM viewpoint a separate CDM office seems
to be a better option, however. The CDM office could be situated either in the ministry of
Environment and mineral resources or at NEMA. The CDM office should get adequate intensive
training in the beginning of their job and some follow-up backstopping support data on as
needed. The compensation and other work benefit should be sufficient to encourage long-term
commitment from the staff.
7.3 Executive Awareness Campaigns
To propagate and disseminate awareness about CDM among the political leaders, business
executives and the banking sector, executive awareness campaigns could be implemented on
concerted efforts. According to the researcher, this could take for instance the form of an
executive breakfast meeting with a renowned international or national speaker giving a speech
and followed by a discussion. The need for this type of activities is very crucial and the reason
behind is that high-level people hardly ever have time to participate in long workshops and other
events. These campaigns should be targeted to ministers, deputy ministers, permanent
secretaries, executive secretaries, directors, CEOs, bankers, members of parliament e.t.c. The
communication and interaction between the members of parliament and stakeholders should be
encouraged. Moreover, banks of the two countries and other financiers could be invited to round
tables with international banks that are already familiar with CDM to exchange experiences.

7.4 Seminars and others Events

Even though it is always mentioned that workshops are often talk shops there is
also an agreement on the fact that large scale seminars and other events are needed for
making contact and raising general awareness on CDM. These events should be targeted
on the widest possible audience. They could also take the form of regional formulas.
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7.5 Technical Training Workshops

Technical workshops could be planned and organised for different sectors, e.g. for
energy, waste management and forestry. However, these technical training should be
practical and based on hands on knowledge on real projects. These technical trainings
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should be directed to project developers, consultants, students, CDM staff at the DNA,
etc. there could be an open call for potential CDM project and based on that suitable
project to be used as the basis for training could be selected. In Kenya, Mr.Tom Owino
from JP Morgan shared an interesting experience on CDM financed by the Pembina
instituite from Canada where by MBA students were assigned to concrete projects which
were under development that had CDM potential. Each student developed a PDD with a
project. http://www.modainnovations.com

7.6 Institutional Co operational

Apart from technical training workshops, institutional technical capacity could be built in
long-term institutional cooperation between Kenyan institutions and Indian institutions and to
some extent with other institutions from other countries. An example could be co operation
between the Finnish forest research institute (MELTA) and the Kenyan forest research institute
KEFRI on specific CDM related issues.

7.7 Participation in International Events

The delegations from Kenya to global events associated with CDM and climate
change in general have not been very strong unlike India that has a very robust
association with international CDM related events and investment. Kenya on several
accounts has also participated numerous times in Carbon Expo, which is planned every
year in Cologne. The contribution and participation in carbon Expo by the CEO of
KenGen was told to be essential and fundamental for the high level of interest and
commitment that KenGen has shown regarding CDM. Nevertheless, some encouraging
actions to augment the participation of Kenyan business executives, consultants, NGOs
and other pertinent stakeholders in COP/MOP meetings, Carbon Expos and other
international events could be envisaged. For example Finland has for a long time
incorporated in its official delegation to COP representatives of industrial organizations
and NGOs. Obviously those delegations do not participate in official negotiations but
they can take part in the open session and in the many side-events that are organized
together with COP. http://www.modainnovations.com

CDM- Website
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There is CDM information available in the websites of NEMA and NCDMA but it is
unsystematic, insufficient information available especially from Kenya. The researcher would
suggest that a specific CDM-Kenya website would be imperative for both Kenyan project
developers and international CDM investors alike. The Indian CMD under the authority of
NCDMA has a very informative and sufficient website under the ministry of Environment and
forest. In addition, if the Kenyan CDM would improve or develop such a website, the
institutional arrangements to make sure that the information is maintained and regularly updated
should be designed. The website should contain at least the following information:
Guide how to develop a CDM project
National CDM rules and regulations
Guidelines to assess sustainable development for CDM projects
Database of projects that have received on-objection from the DNA and links to their
PINs
Information about on-going CDM related capacity building and other activities
Description of Kenyan CDM opportunities and CDM pipeline
List of national consultants that can help in developing CDM projects
Links to legislation and policies relevant to CDM

7.10 CDM Pipeline Development

There is a extra or further need to analyse and consider or assess the CDM opportunities in
Kenya and India in order to understand how large is the potential, in what type of projects both
countries have a comparative advantage, what kind of projects are largely or most important
from the development perspective and so on. This work could be done based on the on-going
evaluation of the mitigation options towards 2020. Moreover, it could be used to prioritize
certain sectors or project types.

7.11 CDM Project Database

Whereas the CDM pipeline is a collection of potential top-priority projects, the CDM
database would join up projects that are already being developed. When these projects get to the
confirmation or validation stage, they have to be made accessible in the CDM Executive Board
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website. However, it would make more common sense to have them present in the CDM
websites also. The project database would list all the projects that have links to the corresponding
projects PINs and PDDs.

7.12 Data Access Improvement

Above all, forestry CDM projects and also in other sectors, lack of appropriate data
is often cited as a serious barrier. This may includes such aspects as growth and carbon
sequestration rates of aboriginal or home grown tree species in different zones, emission
factors for operating margin and build periphery for the national power grid, as well as
high-definition satellite images from diverse periods. The researcher suggests that to
whatever extent possible, access to this data should be enhanced. The data should be in a
form that it can easily be utilized for developing PDDs. A mechanism to keep it updated
should be planned and be made accessible through the CDM- websites.
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Review of Relevant Regulations and Policies

It is imperative also to make sure that all the appropriate laws and regulations, as
well as policies are consistent and supportive to CDM. The researcher is of the opinion
that a study could be launched to assess different sectoral and other policies and
regulations in place from the CDM view point. Suggestions based on the assessment
should be developed. At the same time, CDM should not be viewed as an environmental
issue alone but it should also be incorporated in energy, forestry, industrial and overall
development policies. http://www.modainnovations.com

Development of CDM Guidelines and Sustainability Criteria

The current CDM-Kenya guidelines are from the year 2001 and by now outdated. The
sustainability criteria for the CDM projects are not clear. These issues are presently being tackled
with World Bank support. Nevertheless, based on this it should be assessed whether additional
work is necessary. Also a mechanism whereby the CDM guidelines can be actualized and
maintained should be planned.

http://www.modaonnovations.com
8884445228
Final year ece projects in bangalore| mechanical projects|eee
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